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Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are an important class of signaling molecules that play a critical role in regulating physiological processes in the human body. Mitochondria are the primary site of ROSs production, and abnormal concentrations of ROSs can lead to the malignant proliferation of cells, resulting in diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to detect ROSs in mitochondria. Fluorometric methods have gained significant attention from scientists because of their ease of observation, simplicity of operation, and noninvasiveness. Among the fluorescent dyes, boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) stands out for its high quantum yield, large molar extinction coefficient, and excellent chemical stability, making it widely used in fluorescent imaging. The common design principle of fluorescent probe for the detection of ROSs includes photo‐induced electron transfer, intramolecular charge transfer, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. This paper provides an overview of BODIPY‐based fluorescent probes designed for imaging ROSs in mitochondria, covering the sensing mechanisms, molecular engineering strategies, and recent advancements. Additionally, the review provides insight into the potential clinical applications of mitochondria‐targeting BODIPY probes in disease diagnosis.

Abstract Background Post-neurosurgical intracranial infections caused by multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are difficult to treat and associated with high mortality. In this study, we analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous combined with intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of polymyxin B for this type of intracranial infection. Methods This retrospective study was conducted from January 2013 to September 2017 at the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou,China) and included 61 cases for which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures were positive for multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii after a neurosurgical operation. Patients treated with intravenous and intrathecal/intracerebral ventricle injection of polymyxin B were assigned to the intrathecal/intracerebral group, and patients treated with other antibiotics without intrathecal/intracerebral injection were assigned to the intravenous group. Data for general information, treatment history, and the results of routine tests and biochemistry indicators in CSF, clinical efficiency, microbiological clearance rate, and the 28-day mortality were collected and analyzed. Results The rate of multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii infection among patients who experienced an intracranial infection after a neurosurgical operation was 33.64% in our hospital. The isolated A. baumannii were resistant to various antibiotics, and most seriously to carbapenems (100.00% resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem), cephalosporins (resistance rates of 98.38% to cefazolin, 100.00% to ceftazidime, 100.00% to cefatriaxone, and 98.39% to cefepime). However, the isolated A. baumannii were completely sensitive to polymyxin B (sensitivity rate of 100.00%), followed by tigecycline (60.66%) and amikacin (49.18%). No significant differences in basic clinical data were observed between the two groups. Compared with the intravenous group, the intrathecal/intracerebral group had a significantly lower 28-day mortality (55.26% vs. 8.70%, P = 0.01) and higher rates of clinical efficacy and microbiological clearance (95.65% vs. 23.68%, P

The original article [1] contains an error in the Safety analysis sub-section of the results regarding the reported mean creatinine level.