14 results on '"Shu TAKIGAMI"'
Search Results
2. Fluctuation of CD9/SOX2-positive cell populations during the turnover of GH- and TSH-producing cells in the adult anterior pituitary gland
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Kotaro HORIGUCHI, Yuto TSUTSUI, Ken FUJIWARA, Takehiro TSUKADA, Takashi NAKAKURA, Saishu YOSHIDA, Rumi HASEGAWA, and Shu TAKIGAMI
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cluster of differentiation 9 (cd9) ,growth hormone (gh) ,pituitary ,sex-determining region y-box 2 (sox2) ,thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) ,Reproduction ,QH471-489 ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
The adenohypophysis is comprised of the anterior and intermediate lobes (AL and IL, respectively). Cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9)- and sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2)-positive cells are stem/progenitor hormone-producing cells in the AL. They are located in the marginal cell layer (MCL) facing Rathke’s cleft between the AL and IL (primary niche) and the parenchyma of the AL (secondary niche). We previously showed that, in rats, CD9/SOX2-positive cells in the IL side of the MCL (IL-side MCL) migrate to the AL side (AL-side MCL) and differentiate into prolactin-producing cells (PRL cells) in the AL parenchyma during pregnancy, lactation, and diethylstilbestrol treatment, all of which increase PRL cell turnover. This study examined the changes in CD9/SOX2-positive stem/progenitor cell niches and their proportions by manipulating the turnover of growth hormone (GH)- and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-producing cells (GH and TSH cells, respectively), which are Pit1 lineage cells, as well as PRL cells. After induction, the isolated CD9/SOX2-positive cells from the IL-side MCL formed spheres and differentiated into GH and TSH cells. We also observed an increased GH cell proportion upon treatment with GH-releasing hormone and recovery from continuous stress and an increased TSH cell proportion upon propylthiouracil treatment, concomitant with alterations in the proportion of CD9/SOX2-positive cells in the primary and secondary niches. These findings suggest that CD9/SOX2-positive cells have the potential to supply GH and TSH when an increase in GH and TSH cell populations is required in the adult pituitary gland.
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- 2023
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3. Differentiation of stem progenitor CD9/SOX2-positive cells is promoted with increased prolactin-producing and endothelial cells in the pituitary
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Kotaro HORIGUCHI, Ken FUJIWARA, Takehiro TSUKADA, Takashi NAKAKURA, Saishu YOSHIDA, Rumi HASEGAWA, and Shu TAKIGAMI
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cd9 ,lactotrophs ,pituitary gland ,pregnancy ,stem cells ,Reproduction ,QH471-489 ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2)-positive cells are stem/progenitor cells in the adenohypophysis, comprising the anterior and intermediate lobes (AL and IL, respectively). The cells are located in the marginal cell layer (MCL) facing Rathke’s cleft (primary niche) and the parenchyma of the AL (secondary niche). We previously demonstrated in vitro that the tetraspanin superfamily CD9 and SOX2 double-positive (CD9/SOX2-positive) cells in the IL-side MCL migrate to the AL side and differentiate into hormone-producing and endothelial cells in the AL parenchyma. Here, we performed in vivo studies to evaluate the role of IL-side CD9/SOX2-positive cells in pregnancy, lactation, and treatment with diethylstilbestrol (DES; an estrogen analog) when an increased population of prolactin (PRL) cells was observed in the AL of the rat pituitary. The proportions of CD9/SOX2-, CD9/Ki67-, and PRL/TUNEL-positive cells decreased in the primary and secondary niches during pregnancy and DES treatment. In contrast, the number of CD9/PRL-positive cells increased in the AL-side MCL and AL parenchyma during pregnancy and during DES treatment. The proportion of PRL/Ki67-positive cells increased in the AL-side MCL and AL parenchyma in response to DES treatment. Next, we isolated CD9-positive cells from the IL-side MCL using an anti-CD9 antibody. During cell culture, the cells formed free-floating three-dimensional clusters (pituispheres). Furthermore, CD9-positive cells in the pituisphere differentiated into PRL cells, and their differentiation potential was promoted by DES. These findings suggest that CD9/SOX2-positive cells in the IL-side MCL may act as adult stem cells in the AL parenchyma that supply PRL cells under the influence of estrogen.
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- 2022
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4. Expression and functions of cluster of differentiation 9 and 81 in rat mammary epithelial cells
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Kotaro HORIGUCHI, Saishu YOSHIDA, Takehiro TSUKADA, Takashi NAKAKURA, Ken FUJIWARA, Rumi HASEGAWA, Shu TAKIGAMI, and Shunji OHSAKO
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cluster of differentiation (cd) 9 ,cd81 ,lactation ,mammary gland ,proliferation ,Reproduction ,QH471-489 ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD) 9 and CD81 are closely-related members of the tetraspanin family that consist of four-transmembrane domain proteins. Cd9 and Cd81 are highly expressed in breast cancer cells; however, their expression in healthy mammary glands is unclear. In this study, we performed quantitative real-time PCR to analyze the expression levels of Cd9 and Cd81. Histological techniques were employed to identify Cd9- and Cd81-expressing cells in rat mammary glands during pregnancy and lactation. It was observed that Cd9 and Cd81 were expressed in the mammary glands, and their expression levels correlated with mammary gland development. To identify cells expressing Cd9 and Cd81 in the mammary glands, we performed double immunohistochemical staining for CD9 and CD81, prolactin receptor long form, estrogen receptor alpha, or Ki67. The results showed that CD9 and CD81 were co-expressed in proliferating mammary epithelial cells. Next, we attempted to isolate CD9-positive epithelial cells from the mammary gland using pluriBead cell-separation technology based on antibody-mediated binding of cells to beads of different sizes, followed by isolation using sieves with different mesh sizes. We successfully isolated CD9-positive epithelial cells with 96.8% purity. In addition, we observed that small-interfering RNAs against Cd9 and Cd81 inhibited estrogen-induced proliferation of CD9-positive mammary epithelial cells. Our current findings may provide novel insights into the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells during pregnancy and lactation as well as in pathological processes associated with breast cancer.
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- 2020
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5. Expression and functions of cluster of differentiation 9 and 81 in rat mammary epithelial cells
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Takashi Nakakura, Rumi Hasegawa, Shunji Ohsako, Takehiro Tsukada, Ken Fujiwara, Kotaro Horiguchi, Shu Takigami, and Saishu Yoshida
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Mammary gland ,Proliferation ,Biology ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Tetraspanin 29 ,Tetraspanin 28 ,Mammary Glands, Animal ,CD81 ,Tetraspanin ,Pregnancy ,Lactation ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Rats, Wistar ,Diethylstilbestrol ,Cell Proliferation ,Cluster of differentiation ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Prolactin receptor ,Estrogen Receptor alpha ,Cell Differentiation ,Epithelial Cells ,Rats ,Cell biology ,Ki-67 Antigen ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,embryonic structures ,Pregnancy, Animal ,Immunohistochemistry ,Female ,Original Article ,Cluster of differentiation (CD) 9 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Estrogen receptor alpha - Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD) 9 and CD81 are closely-related members of the tetraspanin family that consist of four-transmembrane domain proteins. Cd9 and Cd81 are highly expressed in breast cancer cells; however, their expression in healthy mammary glands is unclear. In this study, we performed quantitative real-time PCR to analyze the expression levels of Cd9 and Cd81. Histological techniques were employed to identify Cd9- and Cd81-expressing cells in rat mammary glands during pregnancy and lactation. It was observed that Cd9 and Cd81 were expressed in the mammary glands, and their expression levels correlated with mammary gland development. To identify cells expressing Cd9 and Cd81 in the mammary glands, we performed double immunohistochemical staining for CD9 and CD81, prolactin receptor long form, estrogen receptor alpha, or Ki67. The results showed that CD9 and CD81 were co-expressed in proliferating mammary epithelial cells. Next, we attempted to isolate CD9-positive epithelial cells from the mammary gland using pluriBead cell-separation technology based on antibody-mediated binding of cells to beads of different sizes, followed by isolation using sieves with different mesh sizes. We successfully isolated CD9-positive epithelial cells with 96.8% purity. In addition, we observed that small-interfering RNAs against Cd9 and Cd81 inhibited estrogen-induced proliferation of CD9-positive mammary epithelial cells. Our current findings may provide novel insights into the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells during pregnancy and lactation as well as in pathological processes associated with breast cancer.
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- 2020
6. Isolation and characterisation of CD9-positive pituitary adult stem/progenitor cells in rats
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Shu Takigami, Yukio Kato, Takehiro Tsukada, Rumi Hasegawa, Ken Fujiwara, Shunji Ohsako, Takashi Nakakura, Takako Kato, Saishu Yoshida, Kotaro Horiguchi, Takashi Yashiro, and Ken Arae
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Pituitary gland ,Endothelium ,Cellular differentiation ,lcsh:Medicine ,S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ,Bone morphogenetic protein ,Tetraspanin 29 ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pituitary Gland, Anterior ,medicine ,Animals ,Prolactinoma ,Progenitor cell ,Rats, Wistar ,lcsh:Science ,Cells, Cultured ,Cell Proliferation ,Multidisciplinary ,Cluster of differentiation ,biology ,lcsh:R ,Cell Differentiation ,In vitro ,Cell biology ,Rats ,Adult Stem Cells ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,embryonic structures ,biology.protein ,lcsh:Q ,Endothelium, Vascular ,Antibody - Abstract
S100β protein and SOX2-double positive (S100β/SOX2-positive) cells have been suggested to be adult pituitary stem/progenitor cells exhibiting plasticity and multipotency. The aim of the present study was to isolate S100β/SOX2-positive cells from the adult anterior lobes of rats using a specific antibody against a novel membrane marker and to study their characteristics in vitro. We found that cluster of differentiation (CD) 9 is expressed in the majority of adult rat S100β/SOX2-positive cells, and we succeeded in isolating CD9-positive cells using an anti-CD9 antibody with a pluriBead-cascade cell isolation system. Cultivation of these cells showed their capacity to differentiate into endothelial cells via bone morphogenetic protein signalling. By using the anterior lobes of prolactinoma model rats, the localisation of CD9-positive cells was confirmed in the tumour-induced neovascularisation region. Thus, the present study provides novel insights into adult pituitary stem/progenitor cells involved in the vascularisation of the anterior lobe.
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- 2017
7. Degradation of serum microRNAs during transient storage of serum samples at 4℃
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Toshiko Aiso, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Akiko Yamaki, and Shu Takigami
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0301 basic medicine ,business.industry ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Pilot Projects ,General Medicine ,Serum samples ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Specimen Handling ,Cold Temperature ,03 medical and health sciences ,Circulating MicroRNA ,MicroRNAs ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Transient storage ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,microRNA ,Immunology ,Medicine ,Humans ,business - Abstract
Background Numerous studies demonstrate the potential of circulating microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for several diseases. Circulating microRNAs are much more stable than mRNAs and remain largely intact even after prolonged incubation at room temperature. However, recent reports show that microRNAs in serum or plasma samples have diverse stabilities. The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the stabilities of miR-92a, miR-122 and miR-145 in serum during transient storage at 4℃ before freezing. Methods Serum samples were stored for 24 h at 4℃, and then RNA was extracted from whole serum or extracellular vesicles in serum. Total Exosome Isolation Reagent (from serum) was used for the fractionation of extracellular vesicles. Reverse transcription and real-time PCR of microRNAs were performed using the TaqMan MicroRNA Assays for miR-92a, miR-122 and miR-145. Results MiR-122 and miR-145 were degraded rapidly in serum; the concentrations dropped to 35.9% ( P Conclusions MiR-122 and miR-145 in serum are extremely unstable and could be degraded during transient storage of serum at 4℃ prior to freezing.
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- 2017
8. Estrogen Suppresses Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Expression in the Anterior Pituitary Glands of Female Rats
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Shu Takigami, Motoshi Kikuchi, Ken Fujiwara, Takashi Yashiro, and Bulgan Davaadash
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Male ,Pituitary gland ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Retinoic acid ,Down-Regulation ,Tretinoin ,In situ hybridization ,Biology ,Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family ,Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Paracrine signalling ,Endocrinology ,Anterior pituitary ,Pituitary Gland, Anterior ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Rats, Wistar ,Estrous cycle ,Messenger RNA ,Age Factors ,Retinal Dehydrogenase ,Estrogens ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Estrogen ,Female - Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) plays a critical role in cell growth and tissue development. RA is also a regulating factor of pituitary function. RA is synthesized from retinoids through oxidation processes. The oxidation of retinal to RA is catalyzed by the retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDHs), including RALDH1, RALDH2 and RALDH3. Recently, we demonstrated that RALDH1 is expressed in the anterior pituitary glands of adult male rats. However, the expression of RALDH1 in the female pituitary gland and the regulation of RALDH1 expression have not been determined. Therefore, we examined the expression of RALDH1 mRNA in the pituitary glands of adult female rats. By in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes and quantitative real-time PCR analysis, we found that the expression level of RALDH1 was significantly lower in estrus as compared to proestrus, metestrus and diestrus. RALDH1 mRNA levels increased after ovariectomy and decreased remarkably after a 1-week treatment with 17beta-estradiol implants. Estradiol (0.01-100 microg per rat) dose-dependently decreased the expression of RALDH1 in the pituitary glands after 24 hours of subcutaneous administration. These results clearly show that RALDH1 mRNA expression is suppressed by estrogen. We speculate that the generation of RA is regulated by estrogen and that RA plays a role in the estrus cycle through paracrine and/or autocrine mechanisms in the anterior pituitary gland of female rats.
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- 2008
9. An In Vivo and In Vitro Immunohistochemical Study of Integrin Alpha Subunit Localization in the Rat Anterior Pituitary
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Shu Takigami, Megumi Yatabe, Atsushi Sakamoto, Takashi Yashiro, Kaori Sunaga, and Motoshi Kikuchi
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,biology ,Physiology ,Cell adhesion molecule ,Protein subunit ,Integrin ,Cell Biology ,Biochemistry ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Cell biology ,Cell membrane ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Anterior pituitary ,Cytoplasm ,Laminin ,Internal medicine ,biology.protein ,medicine ,G alpha subunit - Abstract
Different types of integrin alpha subunit were investigated immunohistochemically to determine the relationship between the cell adhesion molecule and the local morphology of the rat anterior pituitary using anterior pituitary tissues and primary cultured cells. Alpha 3 subunit was shown to be the main integrin subunit in the anterior pituitary. In vitro, immunoreactions of α3 subunit appeared mainly surrounding cell clusters. The distribution roughly overlapped with immunoreaction of laminin, while it was also observed where expression of laminin was negative. When dispersed cells were primary cultured for 2, 3 or 5 days, immunoreaction of α3 subunit was clearly detected in the vicinity of cell membrane throughout the period; while that of α5 subunit was not observed on day 2, it was observed as dots in cytoplasm on day 3 and more distinctly as lines in the vicinity of the cell membrane on day 5. Alpha 5 subunit was not detectable in vivo. These results indicate the possibility that integrin α3 subunit not only binds the cells to the basement membrane but also to other extracellular matrix or directly to adjacent cells in the anterior pituitary. In addition, integrin α5 subunit may supplement the function of α3 subunit under certain conditions.
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- 2005
10. Changes in E- and N-cadherin expression in developing rat adenohypophysis
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Shu Takigami, Atsushi Sakamoto, Tom Kouki, Ken Fujiwara, Megumi Yatabe, Takashi Yashiro, and Motoshi Kikuchi
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Time Factors ,Population ,Histogenesis ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Anterior pituitary ,Pituitary Gland, Anterior ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,education ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Cadherin ,Cadherins ,Embryo, Mammalian ,Primary and secondary antibodies ,Embryonic stem cell ,Cell biology ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Animals, Newborn ,biology.protein ,Immunohistochemistry ,Pars tuberalis ,Anatomy ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Recently, we showed that hormone-producing cells express N-cadherin, while folliculo-stellate cells and marginal layer cells express E-cadherin in the adult rat anterior pituitary gland. These cells are believed to originate from a single cell population of the adenohypophyseal placode. In the present study, we immunohistochemically examined the divergence of cadherin types during pituitary histogenesis. Pituitary glands were excised from rats of embryonic day 11 (E11) through postnatal day 60 (P60) and paraffin sections were prepared. E- and N-cadherins were immunostained sequentially using monoclonal and polyclonal primary antibodies and fluorescent secondary antibodies. At E11, E-cadherin was expressed over oral epithelium, while N-cadherin expression was limited to the primordium of Rathke's pouch. When Rathke's pouch was formed at E13, E- and N-cadherin were broadly expressed in the entire cell population. N-cadherin was expressed particularly intensely in the layer of cells that faced the lumen. From E14 through E16, the majority of cells expressed both types of cadherins; however, the cell population to become the pars tuberalis expressed N-cadherin but not E-cadherin. From E18 through E20, when many hormone-producing cells appear, the number of cells that expressed N-cadherin alone increased. However, some cell populations in the pars distalis and multilayered marginal cells still expressed both cadherins. After birth, most of the cells came to express only one of the cadherin types. These results may suggest that undetermined adenohypophyseal cells express both E- and N-cadherin, but come to express either E- or N-cadherin during cytogenesis.
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- 2007
11. Microdissected region-specific gene expression analysis with methacarn-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues by real-time RT-PCR
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Haruka Fujita, Makoto Shibutani, Shu Takigami, Natsumi Kato, Masao Hirose, Kyoung-Youl Lee, Hironori Takagi, and Kunitoshi Mitsumori
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0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,H&E stain ,Cell Count ,Biology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fixatives ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Animals ,Frozen Sections ,RNA, Messenger ,Coloring Agents ,Hematoxylin ,Gene ,Fixative ,Microdissection ,Acetic Acid ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Tissue Embedding ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Methanol ,RNA ,Molecular biology ,Staining ,Rats ,030104 developmental biology ,Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,Animals, Newborn ,Paraffin ,Chloroform ,Anatomy - Abstract
We have previously shown methacarn to be a versatile fixative for analysis of proteins, DNA, and RNA in paraffin-embedded tissues (PETs). In this study we analyzed its suitability for quantitative mRNA expression analysis of microdissected PET specimens using a real-time RT-PCR technique. Fidelity of expression in the methacarn-fixed PET sections, with reference to dose-dependent induction of cytochrome P450 2B1 in the phenobarbital-treated rat liver, was high in comparison with the unfixed frozen tissue case, even after hematoxylin staining. RNA yield from methacarn-fixed PET sections was equivalent to that in unfixed cryosections and was also not significantly affected by hematoxylin staining. Correlations between the expression levels of target genes and input amounts of extracted RNA in the range of 1–1000 pg were very high (correlation coefficients >0.98), the regression curves being similar to those with unfixed cryosections. Although cell numbers should be optimized for each target gene/tissue, ≥200 cells were necessary for accurate measurement in 10-μm-thick rat liver sections judging from the variation of measured value in small microdissected areas. These results indicate high performance with methacarn, close to that of unfixed tissues, regarding quantitative expression analysis of mRNAs in microdissected PET-specimens. (J Histochem Cytochem 52:903–913, 2004)
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- 2004
12. Morphological evidence for two types of Mammalian vomeronasal system
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Yuji Mori, Yoshikuni Tanioka, Shu Takigami, and Masumi Ichikawa
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Olfactory system ,Male ,Vomeronasal organ ,Physiology ,Central nervous system ,Guinea Pigs ,Sensory system ,Biology ,Cross Reactions ,GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Dogs ,Physiology (medical) ,biology.animal ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,medicine ,Animals ,Horses ,Shrews ,Marmoset ,Callithrix ,Accessory Olfactory Bulb ,Immunohistochemistry ,Olfactory Bulb ,Sensory Systems ,Olfactory bulb ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Sex pheromone ,Female ,GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2 ,Vomeronasal Organ ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The vomeronasal (VN) systems of rodents and opossums are of the segregated type, i.e alpha-subtype G protein Gi2- or Go-expressing VN neurons, which are sensory cells, project discretely to the rostral or caudal region of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Although this zone-specific projection is believed to be a common feature for processing pheromones in mammals, we previously found a uniform-type VN system in goat in which only Gi2-expressing VN axons terminate at the AOB. In most mammals, it remains unclear whether their VN systems are of the segregated or uniform type. Therefore, we investigated morphologically the VN systems of different mammalian species (dog, horse, musk shrew and common marmoset). Consequently, all VN axons of the examined animals were positively stained with immunohistochemistry for Gi2 in the same way as that in the goat. On the other hand, we observed immunoreactivities against Go in the olfactory axons, but not in the VN axons. These results suggest that many mammals have uniform-type VN systems, and at least two types of VN systems exist in terrestrial mammals. This morphological evidence will help us determine the processing function of VN systems.
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- 2004
13. Subchronic toxicity study of dietary N-acetylglucosamine in F344 rats
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Masao Hirose, Kyoung-Youl Lee, Hironori Takagi, Takuro Arimura, Natsumi Kato, Chikako Uneyama, Makoto Shibutani, and Shu Takigami
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,No-observed-adverse-effect level ,F344 rats ,Administration, Oral ,Toxicology ,Acetylglucosamine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Oral administration ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,N-Acetylglucosamine ,Animals ,No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level ,Hematology ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,General Medicine ,Organ Size ,Rats, Inbred F344 ,Diet ,Rats ,Dose–response relationship ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Aminosugar ,Toxicity ,Female ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
A subchronic toxicity study of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), a monomeric form of chitin, was conducted in groups of 10 male and 10 female F344 rats fed pelleted diets containing 0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 or 5% concentrations for 13 weeks. All animals survived until the end of the experiment. Slight, non-significant increase in body weights was observed in males receiving 0.625, 1.25 or 2.5% from week 4 until the end of the experiment, when significant elevation was found for the males receiving 0.625, 1.25 or 2.5% at the terminal sacrifice to result in decreased relative weights of many organs in these cases. However, there were no obvious indications of toxicity in any group receiving GlcNAc in terms of clinical signs, food intake, hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathological findings. Thus, it was concluded that orally administered GlcNAc exerts no obvious toxicity to F344 rats at concentrations up to 5% in the diet for 13 weeks. Based on the present toxicity data, > or =5% was determined to be a no-observed-adverse-effect level, translated into 2476 and 2834 mg/kg/day for male and female rats, respectively.
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- 2003
14. Projection pattern of vomeronasal neurons to the accessory olfactory bulb in goats
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Masumi Ichikawa, Shu Takigami, and Yuji Mori
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Olfactory system ,Male ,Rodent ,Vomeronasal organ ,Physiology ,Central nervous system ,Blotting, Western ,Guinea pig ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Opossum ,Physiology (medical) ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Animals ,Neurons ,biology ,Goats ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,Immunohistochemistry ,Olfactory Bulb ,Sensory Systems ,Olfactory bulb ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,sense organs ,Vomeronasal Organ - Abstract
Goats have a well-developed vomeronasal (VN) system and exhibit pheromone-induced reproductive facilitation, but there are no reports on the projection pattern of VN neurons in this species. Rodent, guinea pig and opossum accessory olfactory bulbs (AOBs) have been shown to have a segregated pattern of projection of the VN neurons, which express the two alpha-subtypes of the G-protein, namely Gi2 and Go, to the rostral and caudal regions of the AOB, respectively. In this study we investigated the projection pattern of VN nerve terminals by immunocytochemical staining of the goat vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the AOB with antibodies to Gi2 and Go. Gi2-immunoreactivity was found on the luminal surface of the sensory epithelium of the VNO, and in the VN nerve and glomerular layer throughout the AOB. On the other hand, Go-immunoreactivity was not identified in either the VNO or the VN nerve layer of the AOB. These results indicate that the projection pattern of VN neurons from the VNO to the AOB in the goat is considerably different from that in rodents which show a distinct segregated pattern.
- Published
- 2000
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