89 results on '"Shiomi N"'
Search Results
2. Numerical investigation on flow collector with guide vane for tidal energy conversion
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Sakaguchi, M, primary, Hirayama, K, additional, Kinoue, Y, additional, Murakami, T, additional, Shiomi, N, additional, Imai, Y, additional, Nagata, S, additional, and Takao, M, additional
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- 2022
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3. Content of Carbohydrate and Activities of Fructosyltransferase and Invertase in Asparagus Roots During the Fructo-Oligosaccharide- and Fructo- Polysaccharide-Accumulating Season
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Shiomi, N.
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- 1992
4. Effect of hub-to-tip ratio on the performance of bi-directional impulse turbine with flow collector for tidal energy conversion
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Kinoue, Y, primary, Shiomi, N, additional, Takao, M, additional, Murakami, T, additional, Imai, Y, additional, and Nagata, S, additional
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- 2019
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5. A pump system with wave powered impulse turbine
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Kinoue, Y, primary, Shiomi, N, additional, Sakaguchi, M, additional, Maeda, H, additional, Alam, M M A, additional, Okuhara, S, additional, and Takao, M, additional
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- 2019
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6. Nature of nontargeted radiation effects observed during fractionated irradiation-induced thymic lymphomagenesis in mice
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Tsuji, H., primary, Ishii-Ohba, H., additional, Shiomi, T., additional, Shiomi, N., additional, Katsube, T., additional, Mori, M., additional, Nenoi, M., additional, Ohno, M., additional, Yoshimura, D., additional, Oka, S., additional, Nakabeppu, Y., additional, Tatsumi, K., additional, Muto, M., additional, and Sado, T., additional
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- 2013
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7. Biochemical and Genetic Analysis of Carbohydrate Accumulation in Allium cepa L
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Yaguchi, S., primary, McCallum, J., additional, Shaw, M., additional, Pither-Joyce, M., additional, Onodera, S., additional, Shiomi, N., additional, Yamauchi, N., additional, and Shigyo, M., additional
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- 2008
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8. Human RAD18 is involved in S phase-specific single-strand break repair without PCNA monoubiquitination
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Shiomi, N., primary, Mori, M., additional, Tsuji, H., additional, Imai, T., additional, Inoue, H., additional, Tateishi, S., additional, Yamaizumi, M., additional, and Shiomi, T., additional
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- 2006
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9. Fructan accumulation in wheat stems during kernel filling under varying nitrogen fertilization
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Shiomi, N., primary, Benkeblia, N., additional, Onodera, S., additional, Yoshihira, T., additional, Kosaka, S., additional, and Osaki, M., additional
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- 2006
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10. Fructooligosaccharides changes during maturation in inflorescences and seeds of onion (Allium cepa L. ‘W202’)
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Shiomi, N., primary, Benkeblia, N., additional, Onodera, S., additional, and Kawazoe, N., additional
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- 2006
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11. Effect of Temperature and Storage Time on Fructosyltransferase Activities (1-FFT and 6G-FFT) in Onion Bulb Tissues
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Benkeblia, N., primary, Onodera, S., additional, and Shiomi, N., additional
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- 2003
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12. Effect of Anoxia on Respiration Rate (Fermentative Index) and Ethanol Production of Onion Bulbs (Allium cepa L.)
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Benkeblia, N., primary and Shiomi, N., additional
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- 2003
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13. Blood glucose and insulin concentrations are reduced in humans administered sucrose with inosine or adenosine.
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Fukumori, Yasunori, Takeda, Hiroyuki, Fukumori, Y, Takeda, H, Fujisawa, T, Ushijima, K, Onodera, S, and Shiomi, N
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NUCLEOSIDES ,RATS ,BLOOD sugar analysis ,INSULIN ,INOSINE ,DIGESTIVE organs ,ADENOSINES ,BLOOD sugar ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CLINICAL drug trials ,ENZYME inhibitors ,GLYCOSIDASES ,GLYCOSIDES ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,SUCROSE ,SWEETENERS ,EVALUATION research ,CHEMICAL inhibitors ,PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Recently we found that some nucleosides such as inosine or adenosine inhibited alpha-glucosidase from rat intestine. The aim of this study was to determine whether these nucleosides are sucrase inhibitors in humans as well as rats. Blood glucose and insulin responses were examined in 23 healthy volunteers (18 males and 5 females) administered sucrose with inosine and 8 (males) administered sucrose with adenosine. The initial increase in plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations at 30 min after loading sucrose (50 g) alone were significantly reduced by co-administration of inosine (2.5 and 1.0 g) or adenosine (2.5 g). The total increases in the areas under the plasma glucose and serum insulin concentration curves for 3 h after administration of the same amount of sucrose with inosine were also significantly less than those when the volunteers were administered sucrose alone. These results in humans agree with the findings obtained in our previous studies in rats. These nucleosides may be used as one of the components of artificial sweeteners when mixed with sucrose and may be useful as food additives to suppress increases in blood glucose and insulin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2000
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14. Content of carbohydrate and activities of fructosyltransferase and invertase in asparagus roots during the fructo-polysaccharide-accumulating season.
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Shiomi, N.
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ASPARAGUS , *FRUCTANS , *INVERTASE , *POLYSACCHARIDES , *GEL permeation chromatography , *HIGH performance liquid chromatography - Abstract
Contents of fructo-oligosaccharides and fructo-polysaccharides and activities of fructosyltransferases and invertase in asparagus roots harvested between July and November were studied by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Contents of total sugar and fructo-oligosaccharides and fructo-polysaccharides were very low in July, and then increased until September. During this period, sucrose accumulated first, second trisaccharides, and then tetra-, penta- and higher-saccharides increased in that order. 1-Kestose was the most predominant fructo-oligosaccharide isomer [degree of polymerization (DP) 3 ∼ 6]. The fructo-polysaccharide of DP ⩾ 9 was 12.8 ∼ 21.7 % of total sugar from September to November; polysaccharides estimated to be DP 20 ∼ 22 were just detectable. SSTF activities were very low in July, rose to a maximum in September and then decreased. Change in activity of SST was responsible for change in contents of sucrose and 1-kestose from July to November. 1F- fructosyltransferase (1F-FT) activities increased until September, were almost constant from October to November and then decreased slightly 6°-fructosyltransferase (6°-FT) reached its highest activity early in October, 6F-SST (6-kestose producing enzyme) activity was very slight from July to November and was ∼ 1/1000 of SST activity in September. This activity does not contribute to the enzymatic synthesis of the saccharides of asparagus roots. Invertase activity was nearly constant throughout. The change of activities of SST, 1F-FT and 6°-FT paralleled closely the accumulation of sucrose, 1-kestose, neokestose and other saccharides. In vitro synthesis of fructo-oligosaccharides from sucrose at 0.4, 0.1 and 0.05 M, or from 1-kestose was investigated in a fraction prepared from asparagus roots harvested in September. 1-Kestose was investigated in a fraction prepared from asparagus roots harvested in September. 1-Kestose (isokestose, 3a), neokestose (3b), nystose (4a), 1F (1-B-D-fructofuranosyl)m-6(1-B-D-Fructofuranosyl)-Sucrose (4b: m = 0, n = 2; 4c: m = 1, n = 1, 5a: m = 3, n = 0; 5b m = 0, n = 3; 5c: m = 2, n = 1; 5d: m = 1, n = 2) and a mixture of hexasaccharide-isomers were synthesized from 0.4M source in 60h. In 0.05 and 0.1 M source unidentified heptasaccharides were also produced. Octa- and higher-saccharide, as well as the saccharides synthesized from sucrose, were also produced. Octa- and higher-saccharide, as well as the saccharides synthesized from sucrose, were formed from 0.1 M 1-kestose. All of the saccharides synthesized from sucrose or 1-kestose by the asparagus enzyme preparation were identical to saccharides occurring naturally in the roots of asparagus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1992
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15. SPICE-NIRS microbeam: a focused vertical system for proton irradiation of a single cell for radiobiological research
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Teruaki Konishi, Oikawa, M., Suya, N., Ishikawa, T., Maeda, T., Kobayashi, A., Shiomi, N., Kodama, K., Hamano, T., Homma-Takeda, S., Isono, M., Hieda, K., Uchihori, Y., and Shirakawa, Y.
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The Single Particle Irradiation system to Cell (SPICE) facility at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) is a focused vertical microbeam system designed to irradiate the nuclei of adhesive mammalian cells with a defined number of 3.4 MeV protons. The approximately 2-micrometer diameter proton beam is focused with a magnetic quadrupole triplet lens and traverses the cells contained in dishes from bottom to top. All procedures for irradiation, such as cell image capturing, cell recognition and position calculation, are automated. The most distinctive characteristic of the system is its stability and high throughput; i.e. 3,000 cells in a 5 mm x 5 mm area in a single dish can be routinely irradiated by the 2-micrometer beam within 15 min (the maximum irradiation speed is 400 cells per minute). The number of protons can be set as low as one, at a precision measured by CR-39 detectors to be 99.0%. A variety of targeting modes such as fractional population targeting mode, multi-position targeting mode for nucleus irradiation and cytoplasm targeting mode are available. As an example of multi-position targeting irradiation of mammalian cells, five fluorescent spots in a cell nucleus were demonstrated using the gamma-H2AX immune-staining technique. The SPICE performance modes described in this paper are in routine use. SPICE is a joint-use research facility of NIRS and its beam times are distributed for collaborative research.
16. Low expression of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-DR is associated with hypermethylation of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-DR alpha gene regions in B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Sano, H, primary, Compton, L J, additional, Shiomi, N, additional, Steinberg, A D, additional, Jackson, R A, additional, and Sasaki, T, additional
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- 1985
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17. Structural confirmation of oligosaccharides newly isolated from sugar beet molasses
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Abe Tatsuya, Horiuchi Kenichi, Kikuchi Hiroto, Aritsuka Tsutomu, Takata Yusuke, Fukushi Eri, Fukushi Yukiharu, Kawabata Jun, Ueno Keiji, Onodera Shuichi, and Shiomi Norio
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Abstract Background Sugar beet molasses is a viscous by-product of the processing of sugar beets into sugar. The molasses is known to contain sucrose and raffinose, a typical trisaccharide, with a well-established structure. Although sugar beet molasses contains various other oligosaccharides as well, the structures of those oligosaccharides have not been examined in detail. The purpose of this study was isolation and structural confirmation of these other oligosaccharides found in sugar beet molasses. Results Four oligosaccharides were newly isolated from sugar beet molasses using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and carbon-Celite column chromatography. Structural confirmation of the saccharides was provided by methylation analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionaization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. Conclusion The following oligosaccharides were identified in sugar beet molasses: β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1- > 6)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 1)-α-D-glucopyranoside (named β-planteose), α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1- > 1)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 1)-α-D-glucopyranoside (named1-planteose), α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1- > 6)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (theanderose), and β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1- > 3)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (laminaribiofructose). 1-planteose and laminaribiofructose were isolated from natural sources for the first time.
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- 2012
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18. Cloning and functional characterization of a fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH) in edible burdock (Arctium lappa L.)
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Onodera Shuichi, Yoshida Midori, Ishiguro Yojiro, Ueno Keiji, and Shiomi Norio
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Abstract Background We have previously reported on the variation of total fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total inulooligosaccharides (IOS) and inulin in the roots of burdock stored at different temperatures. During storage at 0°C, an increase of FOS as a result of the hydrolysis of inulin was observed. Moreover, we suggested that an increase of IOS would likely be due to the synthesis of the IOS by fructosyltransfer from 1-kestose to accumulated fructose and elongated fructose oligomers which can act as acceptors for fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (1-FFT). However, enzymes such as inulinase or fructan 1-exohydorolase (1-FEH) involved in inulin degradation in burdock roots are still not known. Here, we report the isolation and functional analysis of a gene encoding burdock 1-FEH. Results A cDNA, named aleh1, was obtained by the RACE method following PCR with degenerate primers designed based on amino-acid sequences of FEHs from other plants. The aleh1 encoded a polypeptide of 581 amino acids. The relative molecular mass and isoelectric point (pI) of the deduced polypeptide were calculated to be 65,666 and 4.86. A recombinant protein of aleh1 was produced in Pichia pastoris, and was purified by ion exchange chromatography with DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, hydrophobic chromatography with Toyopearl HW55S and gel filtration chromatography with Toyopearl HW55S. Purified recombinant protein showed hydrolyzing activity against β-2, 1 type fructans such as 1-kestose, nystose, fructosylnystose and inulin. On the other hand, sucrose, neokestose, 6-kestose and high DP levan were poor substrates. The purified recombinant protein released fructose from sugars extracted from burdock roots. These results indicated that aleh1 encoded 1-FEH.
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- 2011
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19. Characterization of recombinant β-fructofuranosidase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis G1
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Onodera Shuichi, Kikuchi Masanori, Muramatsu Kei, Ueno Keiji, Omori Toshima, and Shiomi Norio
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Abstract Background We have previously reported on purification and characterization of β-fructofuranosidase (β-FFase) from Bifidobacterium adolescentis G1. This enzyme showed high activity of hydrolysis on fructo-oligosaccharides with a low degree of polymerization. Recently, genome sequences of B. longum NCC2705 and B. adolescentis ATCC 15703 were determined, and cscA gene in the both genome sequences encoding β-FFase was predicted. Here, cloning of cscA gene encoding putative β-FFase from B. adolescentis G1, its expression in E. coli and properties of the recombinant protein are described. Results Using the information of cscA gene from Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703, cscA gene from B. adolescentis G1 was cloned and sequenced. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified β-FFase from B. adolescentis G1 was identical to the deduced amino acid sequences of cscA gene from B. adolescentis G1. To confirm the translated product of the cscA gene, the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. Molecular mass of the purified recombinant enzyme was estimated to be about 66,000 by SDS-PAGE and 60,300 by MALDI TOF-MS. The optimum pH of the enzyme was 5.7 and the enzyme was stable at pH 5.0-8.6. The thermostability of the enzyme was up to 50°C. The Km (mM), Vmax (μmol/mg of protein/min), k0 (sec-1) and k0/Km(mM-1 sec-1) for 1-kestose, neokestose, nystose, fructosylnystose, sucrose and inulin were 1.7, 107, 107.5, 63.2, and 1.7, 142, 142.7, 83.9, and 3.9, 152, 152.8, 39.2, and 2.2, 75, 75.4, 34.3, and 38, 79, 79.4, 2.1, and 25.9, 77, 77.4, 3.0, respectively. The hydrolytic activity was strongly inhibited by AgNO3, SDS, and HgCl2. Conclusion The recombinant enzyme had similar specificity to the native enzyme, high affinity for 1-kestose, and low affinity for sucrose and inulin, although properties of the recombinant enzyme showed slight difference from those of the native one previously described.
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- 2010
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20. Structural analysis of three novel trisaccharides isolated from the fermented beverage of plant extracts
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Onodera Shuichi, Kawazoe Naoki, Yamamori Akira, Fukushi Eri, Okada Hideki, Kawabata Jun, and Shiomi Norio
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Abstract Background A fermented beverage of plant extracts was prepared from about fifty kinds of vegetables and fruits. Natural fermentation was carried out mainly by lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc spp.) and yeast (Zygosaccharomyces spp. and Pichia spp.). We have previously examined the preparation of novel four trisaccharides from the beverage: O-β-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-D-glucopyranose, O-β-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)]-D-glucopyranose, O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->1)-O-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(21)-α-D-glucopyranoside and O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->1)-O-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(21)- α-D-glucopyranoside. Results Three further novel oligosaccharides have been found from this beverage and isolated from the beverage using carbon-Celite column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography. Structural confirmation of the saccharides was provided by methylation analysis, MALDI-TOF-MS and NMR measurements. Conclusion The following novel trisaccharides were identified: O-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (named "3G-β-D-glucopyranosyl β, β-isosucrose"), O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]-D-glucopyranose (41-β-D-glucopyranosyl sophorose) and O-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-D-glucopyranose (62-β-D-fructofuranosyl laminaribiose).
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- 2009
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21. Three novel oligosaccharides synthesized using Thermoanaerobacter brockii kojibiose phosphorylase
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Nishimoto Tomoyuki, Benkeblia Noureddine, Onodera Shuichi, Fukushi Eri, Takahashi Natsuko, Kawabata Jun, and Shiomi Norio
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Abstract Background Recently synthesized novel oligosaccharides have been produced primarily by hydrolases and glycosyltransferases, while phosphorylases have also been subject of few studies. Indeed, phosphorylases are expected to give good results via their reversible reaction. The purpose of this study was to synthesis other novel oligosaccharides using kojibiose phosphorylase. Results Three novel oligosaccharides were synthesized by glucosyltransfer from β-D-glucose 1-phosphate (β-D-G1P) to xylosylfructoside [O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside] using Thermoanaerobacter brockii kojibiose phosphorylase. These oligosaccharides were isolated using carbon-Celite column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography. Gas liquid chromatography analysis of methyl derivatives, MALDI-TOF MS and NMR measurements were used for structural characterisation. The 1H and 13C NMR signals of each saccharide were assigned using 2D-NMR including COSY (correlated spectroscopy), HSQC (herteronuclear single quantum coherence), CH2-selected E-HSQC (CH2-selected Editing-HSQC), HSQC-TOCSY (HSQC-total correlation spectroscopy) and HMBC (heteronuclear multiple bond correlation). Conclusion The structure of three synthesized saccharides were determined, and these oligosaccharides have been identified as O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (saccharide 1), O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (saccharide 2) and O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→[2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-1]2→2)-O-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (saccharide 3).
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- 2007
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22. Suppression of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell proliferation via G1 arrest induced by dietary nucleic acid-derived nucleosides.
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Shiomi N, Furuta M, Sasaki Y, Matsui-Yuasa I, Kiriyama K, Fujita M, Sutoh K, and Kojima-Yuasa A
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- Animals, Mice, Cell Line, Tumor, G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints drug effects, Nucleic Acids, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor drug therapy, Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor pathology, Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor metabolism, Nucleosides pharmacology
- Abstract
The nucleic acids found in food play a crucial role in maintaining various bodily functions. This study investigated the potential anticancer effects of dietary nucleic acids, an area that is still not fully understood. By utilizing an in vivo mouse model and an in vitro cell model, we discovered an anti-proliferative impact of RNA in both systems. DNA exhibited anti-proliferative effects in the mouse model, while this phenomenon wasn't observed in the in vitro cell model using Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells. Conversely, DNA hydrolysate demonstrated distinct anti-proliferative effects in EAT cells, suggesting that nucleotides or nucleosides generated during nucleic acid digestion act as active constituents. Furthermore, we examined various nucleosides and two sodium-independent equilibrative nucleoside transporter inhibitors (ENTs), identifying guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine as pivotal in the anti-proliferative effect. We also found that the anti-proliferation activity with both nucleosides was suppressed by the treatment of dipyridamole, a non-selective inhibitor for ENT1 and ENT2, but not nitrobenzylthioinosine, a low inhibitor for ENT2. The uptake of these compounds into cells is likely facilitated by ENT2. These nucleotides impeded the progression of cancer cells from the G1 phase to the S phase in the cell cycle. Another significant finding is the increased expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ) induced by guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine. Furthermore, immunostaining revealed that C/EBPβ diffuses into the nucleus, indicating its presence. This suggests that guanosine or 2-deoxyguanosine induces G1 arrest in cancer cells via the activation of C/EBPβ. Encouraged by these promising results, guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine show potential applications in cancer prevention., Competing Interests: A part of the research grant and DNA, hydrolyzed DNA and RNA materials were provided by Fordays Co., Ltd. We declare that these relationships do not affect the results and conclusions of this study. This does not alter on adherence to PLOS ONE politics on sharing data and materials., (Copyright: © 2024 Shiomi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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23. The current status of reversal therapy in Japan for elderly patients with head injury treated with antithrombotic agents: A prospective multicenter observational study.
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Suehiro E, Shiomi N, Yatsushige H, Hirota S, Hasegawa S, Karibe H, Miyata A, Kawakita K, Haji K, Aihara H, Yokobori S, Inaji M, Maeda T, Onuki T, Oshio K, Komoribayashi N, and Suzuki M
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Background: Acute exacerbation of head injury in elderly patients due to use of antithrombotic agents has become a concern in countries with aging populations. Reversal agents are recommended for treatment, but its usage is unclear. Therefore, we conducted a prospective observational study in this patient population to monitor usage of reversal therapy., Methods: The subjects were 721 elderly patients aged ≥65 years old who were hospitalized in 15 centers from December 2019 to May 2021. Patients were divided into groups who did not receive antithrombotic agents (Group A), who received antithrombotic agents, but did not receive reversal therapy (Group B), and were treated with antithrombotic agents and reversal therapy (Group C). Age, gender, mechanism of injury, neurologic and imaging findings on admission, clinical course after admission and surgery, outcomes and complications were compared among these groups. Time from injury to reversal therapy was examined based on outcomes to investigate trends in the timing of administration of the reversal agent., Results: Acute exacerbation during the clinical course occurred in 9.8 %, 15.8 % and 31.0 % of cases in Groups A, B and C, respectively, and differed significantly among the groups. On head CT, the incidences of hematoma were 35.7 %, 36.5 % and 60.4 %, respectively, with this incidence being significantly higher in Group C; and the respective rates of craniotomy were 18.8 %, 14.0 % and 50.9 %, again with this rate being significantly higher in Group C. The good outcome and mortality rates were 57.1 %, 52.5 % and 35.8 %, and 14.5 %, 18.0 % and 24.5 %, respectively, and both were poorest in Group C. Times from injury to treatment with a reversal agent were significantly shorter in patients without compared to those with acute exacerbation (405.9 vs. 880.8 min) and in patients with favorable outcomes compared to those with unfavorable outcomes (261.9 vs. 543.4 min)., Conclusion: Similarly to previous studies, the incidence of acute exacerbation was increased by use of antithrombotic agents. These results suggest that patients in Japan who require hematoma evacuation due to symptom exacerbation tend to be treated with reversal agents. Although it is difficult to assess the efficacy of reversal therapy from this study, earlier treatment with reversal agents before the occurrence of acute exacerbation may be useful to improve outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests. Eiichi Suehiro reports financial support was provided by 10.13039/100008322CSL Behring K.K. United States. Eiichi Suehiro reports a relationship with Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany that includes: funding grants. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)
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- 2024
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24. Discriminative Ability of Dynamic Chest Radiography to Identify Left Ventricular Dysfunction.
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Okamoto H, Miyatake H, Kodama M, Matsubayashi J, Matsutani N, Fujino K, Tsujita Y, Shiomi N, and Nakagawa Y
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- Humans, Ventricular Function, Left, Stroke Volume, Echocardiography, Radiography, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Background: Dynamic chest radiography (DCR) produces sequential radiographs within a short examination time. It is also inexpensive and only uses a low dose of radiation. Because of the lack of reports of evaluating cardiac function using DCR in humans, we investigated its discriminative ability for left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in a study cohort., Methods and results: We analyzed the DCR pixel values of 4 circular regions of interest (ROIs) in the hearts of 61 patients with cardiovascular disease and 10 healthy volunteers. We evaluated the relationship between changes in pixel value in the heart and the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiography. We constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate whether the percent change in pixel value (%∆pixel value) could be used to identify patients with reduced LVEF. A total of 21 patients had reduced LVEF (LVEF <50%), and 40 had preserved LVEF (LVEF ≥50%). The correlation between LVEF and %∆pixel value in each ROI was significant, and the area under the ROC curve of the %∆pixel values for identifying patients with reduced LVEF was satisfactory (0.808-0.827) in 3 ROIs where the entire circular area was within the cardiac shadow., Conclusions: LV dysfunction can be detected by changes in the pixel value on DCR.
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- 2023
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25. A highly elastic absorbable monofilament suture fabricated from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate).
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Murayama A, Yoneda H, Maehara A, Shiomi N, and Hirata H
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- Animals, Swine, Physical Phenomena, Sutures, Suture Techniques
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To address the growing demand for more elastic sutures free from unwanted knot loosening, we fabricated an absorbable monofilament suture from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) and subjected it to physical property characterization and performance evaluation (in vitro and in vivo degradability tests and a porcine abdominal wall suture test). As this flexible, highly stretchable, and difficult-to-untie suture exhibited additional advantages of small knot size and medium to long-term bioabsorbability, it was concluded to be a safe alternative to existing monofilament sutures, with far-reaching potential applications., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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26. Pediatric Advance Care Planning for a Patient with a Severe Motor and Intellectual Disorder through Cooperation between an Acute Care Hospital and a Residential Facility.
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Wada H, Funato M, Takemoto K, Iijima Y, Kashiwagi A, Shiomi N, Kogaki S, and Maruyama T
- Abstract
Background: With the rapid progress of medical technology, the number of children with medical complexities who require advanced medical care, including mechanical ventilators, has been increasing steadily in Japan. Accordingly, the issue of how to provide holistic care and support for the entire life of the children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) who live at home has become a new challenge., Case Presentation: We present the case of a three-year-old boy with SMID due to HHV-6B-induced hemorrhagic shock encephalopathy who was cared for at home by the home visit medical team of Osaka Developmental Rehabilitation Center (ODRC; residential facilities with the department of home medical treatment and care). He developed septic shock triggered by an urinary tract infection and was admitted to Osaka General Medical Center (OGMC; acute care facility not directly affiliated with ODRC), where he deteriorated to a terminal stage. After discussing advance care planning (ACP) with his parents, along with the medical team, an ACP document with parental wishes was created through collaboration between the two facilities. The document was approved by the Ethics Committee at OGMC and the parents signed the document. Special end-of-life care planning was given by nurses at OGMC based on the best interests of the patient and the family. The patient passed away peacefully surrounded by his family in a private room of OGMC according to the ACP, despite special limitations caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic., Conclusions: ACP provides a good opportunity to think about the best total care for a child with SMID, for whom it is too difficult to express his or her wishes, together with the parents, who are the legal representatives. The collaboration between two institutions with different roles brought out the best of each, and the resulting ACP was beneficial to the patient and their family., Competing Interests: No competing financial interests exist., (© Hiroshi Wada et al., 2022; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.)
- Published
- 2022
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27. Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Mild or Moderate Acute Subdural Hematomas.
- Author
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Hiraizumi S, Shiomi N, Echigo T, Oka H, Hino A, Baba M, and Hitosugi M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Glasgow Coma Scale, Hematoma, Subdural, Acute complications, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Hematoma, Subdural, Acute mortality, Hematoma, Subdural, Acute surgery
- Abstract
The factors influencing the outcomes of mild/moderate acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) are still unclear. Retrospective analyses were performed to identify such factors. The medical records of all patients who were admitted to Saiseikai Shiga Hospital with mild (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score of 14-15) or moderate (GCS score of 9-13) ASDH between April 2008 and March 2017 were reviewed. Comparisons between the patients who exhibited favorable and poor outcomes were performed. Then, independent factors that contributed to poor outcomes were identified via logistic regression analyses. A total of 266 patients with a mean age of 70.2 were included in this study. The most common concomitant injuries were subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAHs; 56.8%). The patients' Injury Severity Scores (ISS) ranged from 16 to 75 (median: 21). The 66 moderate ASDH patients exhibited significantly higher frequencies of surgery and mortality (24.2% and 13.6%, respectively) than the 200 mild ASDH patients (8.0% and 4.5%, respectively). The factors associated with poor outcomes were age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.06) and the ISS (OR: 1.24) in the mild ASDH patients, and older age (OR: 1.09) and the higher ISS (OR: 1.15) in the moderate group, too.
- Published
- 2020
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28. Clinical data on rare case of spontaneous disappearance of intracranial Aneurysm.
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Yokoya S, Hino A, Oka H, and Shiomi N
- Abstract
The data contained within this paper are related to another paper entitled "Rare Spontaneous disappearance of intracranial aneurysm" (Yokoya et al., 2020). Spontaneous disappearance of an unruptured non-giant aneurysm of the anterior circulation is very rare. We identified a saccular cerebral aneurysm, which disappeared spontaneously and was followed up for 12 years. The present article describes the relevant clinical data of the patient, including her medical history and imaging findings., Competing Interests: We have no declarations of interest., (© 2020 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2020
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29. Fatal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Rare Presentation of Ruptured A2 Dissecting Aneurysm.
- Author
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Yokoya S, Ogata A, Hino A, Nishii S, Goto Y, Oka H, and Shiomi N
- Abstract
Anterior cerebral artery dissection (ACAD), especially simultaneously presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and cerebral infarction (CI), is rare. Only a few cases of severe SAH due to ACAD have been reported. Herein, we present an unusual case of severe SAH with simultaneous CI caused by ACAD. A 56-year-old male was brought to our hospital for severe disturbance of consciousness. Head computed tomography (CT) disclosed SAH with intracerebral hematoma. We suspected ruptured anterior communicating artery saccular aneurysm on CT angiography. Emergency craniotomy was performed to avoid cerebral herniation which confirmed the ruptured ACAD of right A2. The dissecting site was treated by wrapping with a Goretex sheet. ACAD of A2 may present with a severe hemorrhagic event., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Asian Journal of Neurosurgery.)
- Published
- 2020
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30. Organized Chronic Subdural Hematoma Treated with Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization and Small Craniotomy: Two Case Reports.
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Yokoya S, Nishii S, Takezawa H, Katsumori T, Takagi Y, Goto Y, Oka H, Shiomi N, and Hino A
- Abstract
The most preferred treatment for organized chronic subdural hematoma (OSDH) remains controversial. Although a large craniotomy has been reported to be necessary and effective for the treatment of an OSDH, a craniotomy is associated with postoperative hemorrhagic complications and recurrence. Although middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization has been reported to be effective for a refractory chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), its efficacy for an OSDH remains unclear. We report two cases of OSDH treated with MMA embolization followed by hematoma removal via a small craniotomy under local anesthesia with good progress. Case 1: A 71-year-old man underwent a single burr hole irrigation for a CSDH, which failed due to a solid hematoma. He underwent a small craniotomy under local anesthesia after an MMA embolization. During the craniotomy, a small hemorrhage from the hematoma and its outer membrane was observed. Postoperatively, the symptoms disappeared immediately, and the hematoma did not recur. Case 2: A 77-year-old man underwent a burr hole irrigation, but the hematoma was not evacuated because of an OSDH, and he remained in motor aphasia. After an MMA embolization, a craniotomy was performed under local anesthesia. Intraoperative hemorrhage was minimal, and after the craniotomy, his neurological symptoms improved without any recurrence. MMA embolization and hematoma removal with a small craniotomy could be a treatment option for an OSDH., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Asian Journal of Neurosurgery.)
- Published
- 2020
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31. Association between physician-staffed ambulances and patient prognoses after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests with respect to shockable and non-shockable rhythms: a retrospective observational study in a southern area of Shiga Prefecture Japan.
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Kato F, Fujino K, Shiomi N, and Eguchi Y
- Abstract
Aim: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) are a significant public health problem; to improve patients' prognoses, various interventions, such as providing physician-staffed ambulances, have been implemented. We aimed to examine whether physician-staffed ambulances were associated with patients' prognoses after OHCA with respect to first-monitored rhythms., Methods: This retrospective observational study was undertaken between 1 September 2011 and 31 December 2015, using data based on Utstein-style guidelines. We extracted data on age, sex, first-monitored rhythm (shockable or non-shockable), presence of a witness, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, time from call to arrival at the scene, out-of-hospital adrenaline administration, out-of-hospital intubation, return of spontaneous circulation before arrival at the hospital, and survival and neurological outcomes 30 days after OHCA, according to cerebral performance categories. We undertook logistic regression analyses to assess the association between physician-staffed ambulances and patients' prognoses., Results: A total of 882 OHCA patients were eligible for this study. Physician-staffed ambulances attended to 164 OHCA patients. Multivariable analysis found that in non-shockable rhythm patients, physician-staffed ambulances significantly improved good neurological outcome (odds ratio, 3.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-10.50; P = 0.02), return of spontaneous circulation before arrival at the hospital (odds ratio, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.62-4.42; P < 0.001), and 30-day survival (odds ratio, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.30-6.45; P = 0.009). However, physician-staffed ambulances were not associated with patient prognoses in shockable rhythm patients., Conclusion: Despite our study's limitations, physician-staffed ambulances might be associated with good neurological outcomes in non-shockable rhythm patients. Our observations could provide more appropriate prehospital treatment options for OHCA patients.
- Published
- 2019
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32. Aplastic or Twig-Like Middle Cerebral Artery Presenting with Intracerebral Hemorrhage During Pregnancy: Report of Two Cases.
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Goto Y, Oka H, Hiraizumi S, Okamoto T, Nishii S, Yamamoto H, Yamanaka T, Nanto M, Shiomi N, Hino A, and Hashimoto N
- Abstract
Background: An aplastic or twig-like middle cerebral artery (Ap/T-MCA) is a rare congenital anomaly that can present with both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The etiology of this pathology has remained unclear. Here, we report 2 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) owing to an Ap/T-MCA in pregnant patients., Case Description: In both patients, cerebral angiography revealed a steno-occlusive lesion and an abnormal arterial network on the unilateral middle cerebral artery. One patient was treated conservatively for a putaminal hemorrhage, and a cesarean section was performed uneventfully 6 months after onset of the ICH. The other patient underwent a craniotomy for evacuation of the lobar hemorrhage. Subsequently, a cesarean section was performed uneventfully. Both patients gradually recovered without significant disabilities., Conclusions: An Ap/T-MCA is a rare congenital anomaly and is a potential cause of ICH for pregnant patients. A cesarean section is a useful option for pregnant patients with this condition.
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- 2019
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33. Chemical Structure and Localization of Levan, the Predominant Fructan Type in Underground Systems of Gomphrena marginata (Amaranthaceae).
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Joaquim EO, Hayashi AH, Torres LMB, Figueiredo-Ribeiro RCL, Shiomi N, de Sousa FS, Lago JHG, and Carvalho MAM
- Abstract
Gomphrena marginata Seub. (Amaranthaceae) is an endemic species from Brazilian campos rupestres with a fructan accumulating underground reserve system. Analyses of high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC-PAD) revealed the presence of the soluble carbohydrates glucose, fructose, sucrose, 1-kestose, 6-kestose, nystose and fructans with degree of polymerization (DP) up to approximately 40 fructose units. Data of
1 H and13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, including Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation (HSQC) and Heteronuclear Multiple-Bonds Correlation (HMBC) showed the presence of β (2,6) linkages, characteristic of the linear molecule of levan-type fructan(2,6). These results confirmed previous studies suggesting that the reserve carbohydrate in the underground system of this species was levan-type fructans, similar to that of G. macrocephala . Structural analyses of the thickened underground system using light microscopy revealed a mixed origin system consisting mainly of a gemmiferous tuberous root with the upper region formed by short branched stems, both presenting vascular cylinders with unusual growth patterns. Fructan spherocrystals were visualized under polarized light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mostly in the cortex and vascular cylinder in both thickened stem and root. In addition to data reported in the literature concerning the occurrence of fructans in the Amaranthaceae, the results presented here suggest that fructans are a trait in this family while the levan-type fructan prevail in Gomphrena species.- Published
- 2018
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34. Purification, characterization, and functional analysis of a novel 6G&1-FEH mainly hydrolyzing neokestose from asparagus.
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Ueno K, Sonoda T, Yoshida M, Shiomi N, and Onodera S
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Asparagus Plant metabolism, Glycoside Hydrolases chemistry, Glycoside Hydrolases metabolism, Hydrolysis, Phylogeny, Plant Proteins chemistry, Plant Proteins metabolism, Sequence Alignment, Trisaccharides metabolism, Asparagus Plant genetics, Glycoside Hydrolases genetics, Plant Proteins genetics, Trisaccharides chemistry
- Abstract
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) accumulates inulin- and inulin neoseries-type fructans. Fructose released by the hydrolysis of fructans is an energy source for emerging asparagus spears. Plant fructans are hydrolyzed by fructan exohydrolases (FEHs), whose presence in asparagus has not yet been fully characterized. Here, we describe for the first time the purification and characterization of an FEH from asparagus, and the functional analysis of its gene. The purified enzyme was predicted to exist as a dimer (approximately 130 kDa) consisting of two polypeptides with a molecular mass of approximately 68 kDa. N-terminal sequences of the purified enzyme were matched with the amino acid sequences of aoeh4a and aoeh4b cDNAs isolated from asparagus (cv. Gijnlim and Taihouwase). Native enzymes obtained from asparagus roots and recombinant enzymes produced by Pichia pastoris showed fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH) activity via the hydrolysis of inulin-type fructan. Unlike other 1-FEHs, these enzymes showed minimal hydrolysis of 1-kestose but efficiently hydrolyzed neokestose. Therefore, the enzyme was termed 6G&1-FEH. Gene expression studies in asparagus roots showed that aoeh4 increased during root storage at 2 °C and spear harvesting. These findings suggest that 6G&1-FEH may be involved in fructan hydrolysis in asparagus roots to provide an energy source for emerging asparagus spears.
- Published
- 2018
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35. Structural Analysis of a Novel Oligosaccharide Isolated from Fermented Beverage of Plant Extracts.
- Author
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Yamamori A, Takata Y, Fukushi E, Kawabata J, Okada H, Kawazoe N, Ueno K, Onodera S, and Shiomi N
- Abstract
A fermented beverage of plant extracts (Super Ohtaka
® ) was prepared from about 50 kinds of fruits and vegetables. This natural fermentation was performed by yeast ( Zygosaccharomyces spp. and Pichia spp.) and lactic acid bacteria ( Leuconostoc spp.) and resulted in the production of a novel fructopyranose-containing saccharide, which was subsequently isolated using carbon-Celite column chromatography and preparative-HPLC. The structure of the saccharide was determined using MALDI-TOF MS and NMR, and the saccharide was identified as β-D-fructopyranosyl-(2→6)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2↔1)-α-D-glucopyranoside. This is the first description of this novel saccharide and its isolation from a natural source., (2017 by The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience.)- Published
- 2017
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36. Structural Analysis of Novel Low-Digestible Sucrose Isomers Synthesized from D-Glucose and D-Fructose by Thermal Treatment.
- Author
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Yamamori A, Takata Y, Fukushi E, Kawabata J, Okada H, Kawazoe N, Ueno K, Onodera S, and Shiomi N
- Abstract
The synthesis of the saccharide β-D-fructopyranosyl-(2→6)-D-glucopyranose, which was isolated from Super Ohtaka
® , has recently been reported. During the synthesis of this saccharide, the formation of two novel saccharides from D-glucose and D-fructose was observed. The present study aimed to confirm the structures of the two disaccharides synthesized from D-glucose and D-fructose by thermal treatment. Furthermore, various properties of the saccharides were investigated. Both saccharides were isolated from the reaction mixture by carbon-Celite column chromatography and an HPLC system and were determined to be novel sucrose-isomers, β-D-fructopyranosyl-(2↔1)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2↔1)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), by MALDI-TOF MS and NMR analyses. Both saccharides showed low digestibility in vitro , and the sweetness of saccharide 2 was 0.45 times that of sucrose., (2017 by The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience.)- Published
- 2017
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37. Deoxyinosine triphosphate induces MLH1/PMS2- and p53-dependent cell growth arrest and DNA instability in mammalian cells.
- Author
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Yoneshima Y, Abolhassani N, Iyama T, Sakumi K, Shiomi N, Mori M, Shiomi T, Noda T, Tsuchimoto D, and Nakabeppu Y
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, DNA metabolism, HCT116 Cells, HeLa Cells, Humans, Inosine analysis, Inosine Nucleotides metabolism, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Pyrophosphatases metabolism, RNA Interference, RNA, Small Interfering genetics, Cell Proliferation genetics, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 metabolism, Genomic Instability genetics, Inosine metabolism, Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2 metabolism, MutL Protein Homolog 1 metabolism, Pyrophosphatases genetics, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 metabolism
- Abstract
Deoxyinosine (dI) occurs in DNA either by oxidative deamination of a previously incorporated deoxyadenosine residue or by misincorporation of deoxyinosine triphosphate (dITP) from the nucleotide pool during replication. To exclude dITP from the pool, mammals possess specific hydrolysing enzymes, such as inosine triphosphatase (ITPA). Previous studies have shown that deficiency in ITPA results in cell growth suppression and DNA instability. To explore the mechanisms of these phenotypes, we analysed ITPA-deficient human and mouse cells. We found that both growth suppression and accumulation of single-strand breaks in nuclear DNA of ITPA-deficient cells depended on MLH1/PMS2. The cell growth suppression of ITPA-deficient cells also depended on p53, but not on MPG, ENDOV or MSH2. ITPA deficiency significantly increased the levels of p53 protein and p21 mRNA/protein, a well-known target of p53, in an MLH1-dependent manner. Furthermore, MLH1 may also contribute to cell growth arrest by increasing the basal level of p53 activity.
- Published
- 2016
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38. Criteria for CT and Initial Management of Head Injured Infants: A Review.
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Shiomi N, Echigo T, Hino A, Hashimoto N, and Yamaki T
- Subjects
- Brain Injuries etiology, Brain Injuries therapy, Humans, Infant, Brain Injuries diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Abstract
Criteria for computed tomography (CT) to head injured infants have not been established. Since the identification of neurological findings is difficult in infants, examination by CT may be necessary in some cases, but it may be difficult to perform CT because of problems with radiation exposure and body movement. Moreover, even though no intracranial abnormality was found immediately after injury, abnormal findings may appear after several hours. From this viewpoint, course observation after injury may be more important than CT in the initial treatment of head trauma in infants. The complaints and neurological manifestations of infants, particularly those aged 2 or younger, are frequently unclear; therefore, there is an opinion that CT is recommended for all pediatric patients. However, the appropriateness of its use should be determined after confirming the mechanism of injury, consciousness level, neurological findings, and presence/absence of a history of abuse. Among the currently available rules specifying criteria for CT of infants with head trauma, the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) study may be regarded as reliable at present. In Japan, where the majority of emergency hospitals are using CT, it may be necessary to develop criteria for CT in consideration of the actual situation. CT diagnosis for pediatric head trauma is not always necessary. When no imaging is performed, this should be fully explained at the initial treatment before selecting course observation at home. Checking on a state of the patients by telephone is useful for both patients and physicians.
- Published
- 2016
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39. DNA-damage tolerance mediated by PCNA*Ub fusions in human cells is dependent on Rev1 but not Polη.
- Author
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Qin Z, Lu M, Xu X, Hanna M, Shiomi N, and Xiao W
- Subjects
- Chromatin genetics, Chromatin metabolism, DNA Damage, DNA Replication, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase genetics, Epistasis, Genetic, Gene Fusion, HCT116 Cells, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Mutation, Nuclear Proteins genetics, Nucleotidyltransferases genetics, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen genetics, Pyrimidine Dimers genetics, Pyrimidine Dimers metabolism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae radiation effects, Ubiquitin genetics, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Ubiquitination, Ultraviolet Rays, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase metabolism, Nuclear Proteins metabolism, Nucleotidyltransferases metabolism, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen metabolism, Ubiquitin metabolism
- Abstract
In response to replication-blocking lesions, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) can be sequentially ubiquitinated at the K164 residue, leading to two modes of DNA-damage tolerance, namely, translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and error-free lesion bypass. Although the majority of reported data support a model whereby monoubiquitinated PCNA enhances its affinity for TLS polymerases and hence recruits them to the damage sites, this model has also been challenged by several observations. In this study, we expressed the PCNA-164R and ubiquitin (UB) fusion genes in an inducible manner in an attempt to mimic PCNA monoubiquitination in cultured human cells. It was found that expression of both N- and C-terminal PCNA•Ub fusions conferred significant tolerance to ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage. Surprisingly, depletion of Polη, a TLS polymerase dedicated to bypassing UV-induced pyrimidine dimers, did not alter tolerance conferred by PCNA•Ub. In contrast, depletion of Rev1, another TLS polymerase serving as a scaffold for the assembly of the TLS complex, completely abolished PCNA•Ub-mediated damage tolerance. Similar genetic interactions were confirmed when UV-induced monoubiquitination of endogenous PCNA is abolished by RAD18 deletion. Hence, PCNA•Ub fusions bypass the requirement for PCNA monoubiquitination, and UV damage tolerance conferred by these fusions is dependent on Rev1 but independent of Polη.
- Published
- 2013
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40. SPICE-NIRS microbeam: a focused vertical system for proton irradiation of a single cell for radiobiological research.
- Author
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Konishi T, Oikawa M, Suya N, Ishikawa T, Maeda T, Kobayashi A, Shiomi N, Kodama K, Hamano T, Homma-Takeda S, Isono M, Hieda K, Uchihori Y, and Shirakawa Y
- Subjects
- Bystander Effect radiation effects, Cytoplasm radiation effects, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded radiation effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Equipment Design, Histones metabolism, Humans, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Polyethylene Glycols chemistry, Radiation Dosage, Cell Nucleus radiation effects, Particle Accelerators instrumentation, Protons, Radiobiology instrumentation
- Abstract
The Single Particle Irradiation system to Cell (SPICE) facility at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) is a focused vertical microbeam system designed to irradiate the nuclei of adhesive mammalian cells with a defined number of 3.4 MeV protons. The approximately 2-μm diameter proton beam is focused with a magnetic quadrupole triplet lens and traverses the cells contained in dishes from bottom to top. All procedures for irradiation, such as cell image capturing, cell recognition and position calculation, are automated. The most distinctive characteristic of the system is its stability and high throughput; i.e. 3000 cells in a 5 mm × 5 mm area in a single dish can be routinely irradiated by the 2-μm beam within 15 min (the maximum irradiation speed is 400 cells/min). The number of protons can be set as low as one, at a precision measured by CR-39 detectors to be 99.0%. A variety of targeting modes such as fractional population targeting mode, multi-position targeting mode for nucleus irradiation and cytoplasm targeting mode are available. As an example of multi-position targeting irradiation of mammalian cells, five fluorescent spots in a cell nucleus were demonstrated using the γ-H2AX immune-staining technique. The SPICE performance modes described in this paper are in routine use. SPICE is a joint-use research facility of NIRS and its beam times are distributed for collaborative research.
- Published
- 2013
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41. Secondary prevention of stroke: Pleiotropic effects of optimal oral pharmacotherapy.
- Author
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Kikuchi K, Kawahara KI, Miura N, Ito T, Morimoto Y, Tancharoen S, Takeshige N, Uchikado H, Sakamoto R, Miyagi N, Kikuchi C, Iida N, Shiomi N, Kuramoto T, Hirohata M, Maruyama I, Morioka M, and Tanaka E
- Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. During the past three decades, major advances have occurred in secondary prevention, which have demonstrated the broader potential for the prevention of stroke. Risk factors for stroke include previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, hypertension, high blood cholesterol and diabetes. Proven secondary prevention strategies are anti-platelet agents, antihypertensive drugs, statins and glycemic control. In the present review, we evaluated the secondary prevention of stroke in light of clinical studies and discuss new pleiotropic effects beyond the original effects and emerging clinical evidence, with a focus on the effect of optimal oral pharmacotherapy.
- Published
- 2012
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42. Growth retardation of Paramecium and mouse cells by shielding them from background radiation.
- Author
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Kawanishi M, Okuyama K, Shiraishi K, Matsuda Y, Taniguchi R, Shiomi N, Yonezawa M, and Yagi T
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, DNA Repair, Leukemia L5178, Mice, Radiation Protection, Time Factors, Background Radiation adverse effects, Cell Proliferation radiation effects, Paramecium tetraurelia growth & development, Paramecium tetraurelia radiation effects
- Abstract
In the 1970s and 1980s, Planel et al. reported that the growth of paramecia was decreased by shielding them from background radiation. In the 1990s, Takizawa et al. found that mouse cells displayed a decreased growth rate under shielded conditions. The purpose of the present study was to confirm that growth is impaired in organisms that have been shielded from background radiation. Radioprotection was produced with a shielding chamber surrounded by a 15 cm thick iron wall and a 10 cm thick paraffin wall that reduced the γ ray and neutron levels in the chamber to 2% and 25% of the background levels, respectively. Although the growth of Paramecium tetraurelia was not impaired by short-term radioprotection (around 10 days), which disagreed with the findings of Planel et al., decreased growth was observed after long-term (40-50 days) radiation shielding. When mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells were incubated inside or outside of the shielding chamber for 7 days, the number of cells present on the 6th and 7th days under the shielding conditions was significantly lower than that present under the non-shielding conditions. These inhibitory effects on cell growth were abrogated by the addition of a ¹³⁷Cs γ-ray source disk to the chamber. Furthermore, no growth retardation was observed in XRCC4-deficient mouse M10 cells, which display impaired DNA double strand break repair.
- Published
- 2012
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43. Beyond free radical scavenging: Beneficial effects of edaravone (Radicut) in various diseases (Review).
- Author
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Kikuchi K, Takeshige N, Miura N, Morimoto Y, Ito T, Tancharoen S, Miyata K, Kikuchi C, Iida N, Uchikado H, Miyagi N, Shiomi N, Kuramoto T, Maruyama I, Morioka M, and Kawahara KI
- Abstract
Free radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases; thus, they are an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in these diseases. Compounds capable of scavenging free radicals have been developed for this purpose and some, developed for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke, have progressed to clinical trials. One such scavenger, edaravone, is used to treat patients within 24 h of stroke. Edaravone, which can diffuse into many disease-affected organs, also shows protective effects in the heart, lung, intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, bladder and testis. As well as scavenging free radicals, edaravone has anti-apoptotic, anti-necrotic and anti-cytokine effects in various diseases. Here, we critically review the literature on its clinical efficacy and examine whether edaravone should be considered a candidate for worldwide development, focusing on its effects on diseases other than cerebral infarction. Edaravone has been safely used as a free radical scavenger for more than 10 years; we propose that edaravone may offer a novel treatment option for several diseases.
- Published
- 2012
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44. Beyond neurological disease: new targets for edaravone (Review).
- Author
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Kikuchi K, Uchikado H, Miyagi N, Morimoto Y, Ito T, Tancharoen S, Miura N, Miyata K, Sakamoto R, Kikuchi C, Iida N, Shiomi N, Kuramoto T, and Kawahara K
- Subjects
- Animals, Antipyrine pharmacology, Antipyrine therapeutic use, Apoptosis drug effects, Cardiovascular Diseases metabolism, Cardiovascular Diseases pathology, Edaravone, Free Radical Scavengers therapeutic use, Free Radicals metabolism, Heart drug effects, Humans, Liver drug effects, Liver metabolism, Liver pathology, Lung drug effects, Lung metabolism, Lung pathology, Mice, Necrosis drug therapy, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Pancreas drug effects, Pancreas metabolism, Pancreas pathology, Rats, Wounds and Injuries metabolism, Wounds and Injuries pathology, Antipyrine analogs & derivatives, Cardiovascular Diseases drug therapy, Free Radical Scavengers pharmacology, Free Radicals antagonists & inhibitors, Wounds and Injuries drug therapy
- Abstract
Free radicals play major roles in the pathogenesis of tissue damage in many diseases and clinical conditions, and the removal of free radicals may offer a treatment option. Several modulators of free radical scavenger pathways have been developed and some have progressed to clinical trials. One such agent, edaravone, was approved in 2001 in Japan for the treatment of cerebral infarction. It has since been shown that edaravone can diffuse into many organs and, in addition to its effects on hydroxyl radical removal, edaravone modulates inflammatory processes, matrix metalloproteinase levels, nitric oxide production, apoptotic cell death, and necrotic cell death. Edaravone also exerts protective effects in a number of animal models of disease and tissue damage, including models of myocardial, lung, intestinal, liver, pancreatic and renal injury. Together with the proven safety of edaravone following 9 years of use as a modulator of free radical scavenging pathways in neurological disease, these additional effects of edaravone suggest that it may offer a novel treatment for several non-neurological diseases and clinical conditions in humans.
- Published
- 2011
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45. HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in spinal cord injury: A hypothesis for novel therapy development.
- Author
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Kikuchi K, Uchikado H, Miura N, Morimoto Y, Ito T, Tancharoen S, Miyata K, Sakamoto R, Kikuchi C, Iida N, Shiomi N, Kuramoto T, Miyagi N, and Kawahara KI
- Abstract
Historically, clinical outcomes following spinal cord injury (SCI) have been dismal. Severe SCI leads to devastating neurological deficits, and there is no treatment available that restores the injury-induced loss of function to a degree that an independent life can be guaranteed. To address all the issues associated with SCI, a multidisciplinary approach is required, as it is unlikely that a single approach, such as surgical intervention, pharmacotherapy or cellular transplantation, will suffice. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an inflammatory cytokine. Various studies have shown that HMGB1 plays a critical role in SCI and that inhibition of HMGB1 release may be a novel therapeutic target for SCI and may support spinal cord repair. In addition, HMGB1 has been associated with graft rejection in the early phase. Therefore, HMGB1 may be a promising therapeutic target for SCI transplant patients. We hypothesize that inhibition of HMGB1 release rescues patients with SCI. Taken together, our findings suggest that anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibodies or short hairpin RNA-mediated HMGB1 could be administered for spinal cord repair in SCI patients.
- Published
- 2011
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46. Cloning and functional characterization of a fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH) in edible burdock (Arctium lappa L.).
- Author
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Ueno K, Ishiguro Y, Yoshida M, Onodera S, and Shiomi N
- Abstract
Background: We have previously reported on the variation of total fructooligosaccharides (FOS), total inulooligosaccharides (IOS) and inulin in the roots of burdock stored at different temperatures. During storage at 0°C, an increase of FOS as a result of the hydrolysis of inulin was observed. Moreover, we suggested that an increase of IOS would likely be due to the synthesis of the IOS by fructosyltransfer from 1-kestose to accumulated fructose and elongated fructose oligomers which can act as acceptors for fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (1-FFT). However, enzymes such as inulinase or fructan 1-exohydorolase (1-FEH) involved in inulin degradation in burdock roots are still not known. Here, we report the isolation and functional analysis of a gene encoding burdock 1-FEH., Results: A cDNA, named aleh1, was obtained by the RACE method following PCR with degenerate primers designed based on amino-acid sequences of FEHs from other plants. The aleh1 encoded a polypeptide of 581 amino acids. The relative molecular mass and isoelectric point (pI) of the deduced polypeptide were calculated to be 65,666 and 4.86. A recombinant protein of aleh1 was produced in Pichia pastoris, and was purified by ion exchange chromatography with DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, hydrophobic chromatography with Toyopearl HW55S and gel filtration chromatography with Toyopearl HW55S. Purified recombinant protein showed hydrolyzing activity against β-2, 1 type fructans such as 1-kestose, nystose, fructosylnystose and inulin. On the other hand, sucrose, neokestose, 6-kestose and high DP levan were poor substrates.The purified recombinant protein released fructose from sugars extracted from burdock roots. These results indicated that aleh1 encoded 1-FEH.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Differences in sensitivity to DNA-damaging Agents between XRCC4- and Artemis-deficient human cells.
- Author
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Katsube T, Mori M, Tsuji H, Shiomi T, Shiomi N, and Onoda M
- Subjects
- Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Survival, Chromosome Aberrations, DNA Ligase ATP, DNA Ligases metabolism, Endonucleases, Fluorouracil pharmacology, HCT116 Cells, Humans, Kinetics, Models, Genetic, Phosphorylation, Radiation Tolerance, X-Rays, DNA radiation effects, DNA Damage, DNA End-Joining Repair, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Nuclear Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) is the predominant pathway for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human cells. XRCC4 is indispensable to NHEJ and functions together with DNA ligase IV in the rejoining of broken DNA ends. Artemis is a nuclease required for trimming of some, but not all, types of broken DNA ends prior to rejoining by the DNA ligase IV/XRCC4 complex. To better understand the roles of these factors, we generated XRCC4- and Artemis-deficient cells from the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HCT116 by gene targeting and examined their cellular responses to several DNA-damaging agents including X-rays. As anticipated, kinetic analyses of γ-H2AX foci and chromosomal aberrations after ionizing radiation (IR) demonstrated a serious incompetence of DSB repair in the XRCC4-deficient cells, and relatively moderate impairment in the Artemis-deficient cells. The XRCC4-deficient cells were highly sensitive to etoposide and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine as well as IR, and moderately sensitive to camptothecin, methyl methanesulfonate, cisplatin, mitomycin C, aphidicolin and hydroxyurea, compared to the parental HCT116 cells. The Artemis-deficient cells were not as sensitive as the XRCC4-deficient cells, except to cisplatin and mitomycin C. By contrast, the Artemis-deficient cells were significantly more resistant to hydroxyurea than the parental cells. These observations suggest that Artemis also functions in some DNA damage response pathways other than NHEJ in human cells.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Role of the ubiquitin-binding domain of Polη in Rad18-independent translesion DNA synthesis in human cell extracts.
- Author
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Schmutz V, Janel-Bintz R, Wagner J, Biard D, Shiomi N, Fuchs RP, and Cordonnier AM
- Subjects
- Cell Extracts, Cell Line, Cell Survival radiation effects, DNA Adducts chemistry, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase genetics, Gene Knockout Techniques, Humans, Mutation, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Pyrimidine Dimers chemistry, Ubiquitin metabolism, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Ultraviolet Rays, DNA biosynthesis, DNA Damage, DNA-Binding Proteins physiology, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase chemistry, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase metabolism
- Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the Rad6/Rad18-dependent monoubiquitination of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) plays an essential role in the switching between replication and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). The DNA polymerase Polη binds to PCNA via a consensus C-terminal PCNA-interacting protein (PIP) motif. It also specifically interacts with monoubiquitinated PCNA thanks to a recently identified ubiquitin-binding domain (UBZ). To investigate whether the TLS activity of Polη is always coupled to PCNA monoubiquitination, we monitor the ability of cell-free extracts to perform DNA synthesis across different types of lesions. We observe that a cis-syn cyclobutane thymine dimer (TT-CPD), but not a N-2-acetylaminofluorene-guanine (G-AAF) adduct, is efficiently bypassed in extracts from Rad18-deficient cells, thus demonstrating the existence of a Polη-dependent and Rad18-independent TLS pathway. In addition, by complementing Polη-deficient cells with PIP and UBZ mutants, we show that each of these domains contributes to Polη activity. The finding that the bypass of a CPD lesion in vitro does not require Ub-PCNA but nevertheless depends on the UBZ domain of Polη, reveals that this domain may play a novel role in the TLS process that is not related to the monoubiquitination status of PCNA.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Characterization of recombinant beta-fructofuranosidase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis G1.
- Author
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Omori T, Ueno K, Muramatsu K, Kikuchi M, Onodera S, and Shiomi N
- Abstract
Background: We have previously reported on purification and characterization of beta-fructofuranosidase (beta-FFase) from Bifidobacterium adolescentis G1. This enzyme showed high activity of hydrolysis on fructo-oligosaccharides with a low degree of polymerization. Recently, genome sequences of B. longum NCC2705 and B. adolescentis ATCC 15703 were determined, and cscA gene in the both genome sequences encoding beta-FFase was predicted. Here, cloning of cscA gene encoding putative beta-FFase from B. adolescentis G1, its expression in E. coli and properties of the recombinant protein are described., Results: Using the information of cscA gene from Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703, cscA gene from B. adolescentis G1 was cloned and sequenced. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified beta-FFase from B. adolescentis G1 was identical to the deduced amino acid sequences of cscA gene from B. adolescentis G1. To confirm the translated product of the cscA gene, the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. Molecular mass of the purified recombinant enzyme was estimated to be about 66,000 by SDS-PAGE and 60,300 by MALDI TOF-MS. The optimum pH of the enzyme was 5.7 and the enzyme was stable at pH 5.0-8.6. The thermostability of the enzyme was up to 50 degrees C. The K(m) (mM), Vmax (micromol/mg of protein/min), k0 (sec(-1)) and k0/K(m)(mM(-1) sec(-1)) for 1-kestose, neokestose, nystose, fructosylnystose, sucrose and inulin were 1.7, 107, 107.5, 63.2, and 1.7, 142, 142.7, 83.9, and 3.9, 152, 152.8, 39.2, and 2.2, 75, 75.4, 34.3, and 38, 79, 79.4, 2.1, and 25.9, 77, 77.4, 3.0, respectively. The hydrolytic activity was strongly inhibited by AgNO3, SDS, and HgCl2., Conclusion: The recombinant enzyme had similar specificity to the native enzyme, high affinity for 1-kestose, and low affinity for sucrose and inulin, although properties of the recombinant enzyme showed slight difference from those of the native one previously described.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Synthesis of β-D-fructopyranosyl-(2→6)-D-glucopyranose from D-glucose and D-fructose by a thermal treatment.
- Author
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Yamamori A, Okada H, Kawazoe N, Onodera S, and Shiomi N
- Subjects
- Disaccharides chemistry, Food Industry, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, Disaccharides chemical synthesis, Fructose chemistry, Glucose chemistry, Temperature
- Abstract
The synthesis is reported of β-D-fructopyranosyl-(2→6)-D-glucopyranose that had previously been isolated from a fermented plant extract as a new saccharide. A disaccharide was predominately formed from an equal amount of D-glucose and D-fructose under melting conditions at 140 °C for 60 to 90 min. This saccharide was isolated from the reaction mixture by carbon-Celite column chromatography and preparative HPLC, and was confirmed to be β-D-fructopyranosyl-(2→6)-D-glucopyranose by TOF-MS and NMR analyses.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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