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Background Cardiotoxicity is a leading cause of mortality among breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Therefore, an early risk assessment is vital for the clinical prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy, although a recognized tool is scant in our country. Objective To develop a cardiotoxic risk assessment scale for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and to test its reliability and validity. Methods Through reviewing relevant domestic and international literatures, a pool involving items to assess the risk of cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy was created. Semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers at Jiangsu Cancer Hospital from September to October 2022 were performed by purposive sampling, thus primarily forming a tool of items for the cardiotoxic risk assessment scale. In addition, breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital were randomly selected for a pre-survey and validation of the reliability and validity of the scale. Ranked by the score of the cardiotoxic risk assessment scale, the top 27% of participants were assigned into the high-score group, and the remaining were in the low-score group. Cronbach's α coefficient was used to evaluate the internal consistency of the scale. Validity of the scale was verified by measuring the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI). Exploratory factor analysis was performed to assess the structural validity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and the area under tcurve (AUC) was calculated to determine the predictive validity. Results Twenty healthcare providers were included in the semi-structured interviews. After two rounds of expert consultations, a 19-item cardiotoxic risk assessment scale in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy was developed. In this study, there were 79 patients in the low-score group and 83 in the high-score group. No significant differences in the history of smoking, endocrine treatment and immunotherapy were detected between the two groups (P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the history of smoking and immunotherapy was not significantly correlated with the total scores (P>0.05). Eventually, three items of smoking history, history of endocrine treatment and history of immunotherapy were removed, forming a 16-item scale. The Cronbach's α coefficient, test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability were 0.739, 0.983 and 0.984, respectively. Content validity results showed that I-CVI ranged from 0.83 to 1.00, and S-CVI was 0.98. Predictive validity results showed the AUC of 0.887 (95%CI=0.827-0.947, P

As an important branch in the field of computer vision,object tracking has been widely used in many fields such as intelligent video surveillance,human-computer interaction and autonomous driving.Although object tracking has achieved good development in recent years,tracking in complex environment is still a challenge.Due to problems such as occlusion,object deformation and illumination change,tracking performance will be inaccurate and unstable.In this paper,an effective object tracking method AFTM,is proposed with attention features.Firstly,this paper constructs an adaptively generated attention weight factor group,which implements an efficient adaptive fusion strategy for response map to improve the accuracy of object positioning and bounding box scale calculation in the process of classification and regression.Secondly,aiming at the class imbalance in the data set,the proposed method uses the dynamically scaled cross entropy loss as the loss function of the object positioning network,which can modify the optimization direction of the model and make the tracking performance more stable and reliable.Finally,this paper designs a corresponding learning rate adjustment strategy to stochastically average the weight of a number of models,which can enhance the generalization ability of the model.Experimental results on public data sets show that the proposed method has higher accuracy and more stable tracking performance in complex tracking environment.

The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) protein plays a key pathogenic role in oncogenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. Numerous studies have explored the role of metabolic alterations in KRAS-driven cancers, providing a scientific rationale for targeting metabolism in cancer treatment. The development of KRAS-specific inhibitors has also garnered considerable attention, partly due to the challenge of acquired treatment resistance. Here, we review the metabolic reprogramming of glucose, glutamine, and lipids regulated by oncogenic KRAS, with an emphasis on recent insights into the relationship between changes in metabolic mechanisms driven by KRAS mutant and related advances in targeted therapy. We also focus on advances in KRAS inhibitor discovery and related treatment strategies in colorectal, pancreatic, and non-small cell lung cancer, including current clinical trials. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the current understanding of metabolic mechanisms associated with KRAS mutation and related therapeutic strategies, aiming to facilitate the understanding of current challenges in KRAS-driven cancer and to support the investigation of therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammation conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Studies point out an association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and IBD. This study aims to visually assess the research trends and hotspots in the field of H. pylori infection and IBD, review mainstream perspectives in this field, and provide a foundation for future research and treatment. Methods: We searched the Web of Science Core Collection Database for literature related to H. pylori and IBD, using VOS viewer to generate visual charts. Results: A total of 246 publications were included, with articles being the predominant type of document. A significant increase in the number of publications was observed after 2011. China contributed the most of researches. Keyword clusters revealed that the researches primarily focused on immune mechanism, gut microbiome, diagnosis and treatment of IBD. Time trend results indicated that current researches centered on gut microbiota and immune mechanisms. Conclusion: H. pylori infection may have a protective effect on IBD. The exact mechanisms remain unclear and may involve immunomodulation and changes of gut microbiota. Further researches are necessary for better understanding this relationship and its implications for clinical practice. Further researches and clinical practice should pay attention to this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to reveal the function of LXY30 peptide‐modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes (LXY30‐Exos) in NSCLC. LXY30 peptide is a peptide ligand targeting α3β1 integrin, and LXY30 specifically binds to Exos derived from different cells. We use transmission electron microscopy to identify LXY30‐Exos and tracking analysis for particles, and the LXY30‐Exos internalized by NSCLC cells in vitro and targeted NSCLC tumours in vivo were verified by multiple molecular technologies. The functions of LXY30‐Exos‐encapsulated miR‐30c, miR‐181b or miR‐613 were assessed using cell proliferation, migration and cell apoptosis assays. Meanwhile, the safety of the above engineered Exos was evaluated in vivo. After LXY30‐Exos were isolated and identified, LXY30‐Exos were confirmed to be internalized by NSCLC cells in vitro and specifically targeted NSCLC tumours in vivo. Functionally, LXY30‐Exos‐encapsulated miR‐30c, miR‐181b or miR‐613 weakened the proliferation, migration and cell cycle of NSCLC cells induced cellular apoptosis in vitro and restrained the tumour progression in vivo. Meanwhile, the safety of LXY30‐Exos‐encapsulated miR‐30c, miR‐181b or miR‐613 was confirmed in vivo. Overall, miR‐30c, miR‐181b and miR‐613 encapsulated in LXY30 peptide‐modified BMSC‐Exos relieved NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Etomidate is a general anesthetic that has shown good hemodynamic stability without significant cardiovascular or respiratory depression. Despite several kinds of dosage forms having been reported for this drug, formulation types are very limited in clinical practice, and brain-targeted formulations for this central nervous system (CNS) drug have been rarely reported. Moreover, studies on the biocompatibility, toxicity, and anesthetic effects of the etomidate preparations in vivo were inadequate. The present study was to develop lactoferrin-modified liposomal etomidate (Eto-lip-LF) for enhanced drug distribution in the brain and improved anesthetic effects. Eto-lip-LF had good stability for storage and hemocompatibility for intravenous injection. Compared with the non-lactoferrin-containing liposomes, the lactoferrin-modified liposomes had notably enhanced brain-targeting ability in vivo, which was probably realized by the binding of transferrin with the transferrin and lactoferrin receptors highly distributed in the brain. Eto-lip-LF had a therapeutic index of about 25.3, higher than that of many other general anesthetics. Moreover, compared with the commercial etomidate emulsion, Eto-lip-LF could better achieve rapid onset of general anesthesia and rapid recovery from anesthesia, probably due to the enhanced drug delivery to the brain. The above results demonstrated the potential of this lactoferrin-modified liposomal etomidate to become an alternative preparation for clinical general anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The use of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), simultaneous integrated boost (SIB), and hypofractionated regimen requires adequate patient setup accuracy to achieve an optimal outcome. The purpose of this study was to assess the setup accuracy of patients receiving left‐sided breast cancer radiotherapy using deep inspiration breath‐hold technique (DIBH) and surface guided radiotherapy (SGRT) and to calculate the corresponding setup margins. Methods: The patient setup accuracy between and within radiotherapy fractions was measured by comparing the 6DOF shifts made by the SGRT system AlignRT with the shifts made by kV‐CBCT. Three hundred and three radiotherapy fractions of 23 left‐sided breast cancer patients using DIBH and SGRT were used for the analysis. All patients received pre‐treatment DIBH training and visual feedback during DIBH. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test patient setup differences for statistical significance. The corresponding setup margins were calculated using the van Herk's formula. Results: The intrafractional patient setup accuracy was significantly better than the interfractional setup accuracy (p < 0.001). The setup margin for the combined inter‐ and intrafractional setup error was 4, 6, and 4 mm in the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions if based on SGRT alone. The intrafractional error contributed ≤1 mm to the calculated setup margins. Conclusion: With SGRT, excellent intrafractional and acceptable interfractional patient setup accuracy can be achieved for the radiotherapy of left‐sided breast cancer using DIBH and modern radiation techniques. This allows for reducing the frequency of kV‐CBCTs, thereby saving treatment time and radiation exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numerical simulation of spray lubrication and improvement of lubricant condition in a complex gearbox are researched. An experimental rig for spray lubrication of a pair of high-speed gears is set up and relevant experiments are carried out firstly. The experimental results are used to verify the correctness of numerical simulation method. Then numeric model of spray lubrication in a complex gearbox is established and simulation as well as analysis are conducted. The results show that overlong spray distance,angle of end face and jet flow on out of mesh side make against to lubrication. Then optimization of spray angle based on single-phase flow computational method is studied. Result show that,there is a weakest trace of air in the center plane of meshed gears. And if the axis of the nozzle lays on this trace,the meshed gears will have their best lubricant performance.