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In this study, we examine a model of inventory for things that are deteriorating along with the price dependent demand. The deterioration rate is constant and Salvage value is related to goods that are deteriorating, and holding cost is time-dependent. The suggested approach allows for some backlog in the shortage. Based on the length of time it will be before the next replenishment, the backlog rate is determined. This framework is solved to reduce the overall cost of given inventory to showing some numerical examples with sensitivity analysis to find the optimal solution for various parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets is an important factor in imparting desired treatment as repeated breakages during treatment not only delay its completion but also affect the quality of treatment. Thus, the aim of this review is to analyze the in vitro studies related to bond strength testing and to identify experimental conditions that are not standardized while performing in vitro studies. Materials and Method: The total of 580 studies were searched, and 84 studies were accepted for review as per inclusion criteria. The 12 experimental conditions were analyzed, and it was found that none of the studies described all the conditions listed. Results: There is no uniformity in parameters guidelines such as storing media, temperature, crosshead speed, type of testing method, and testing machine used in studies. None of the studies considered all reviewed conditions in their study design. Conclusion: There is a need to frame proper recommendations for the testing protocols to be followed for in vitro bond strength studies so that baseline data as a reference will allow the intercomparison of results among studies and to reach any conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Kirti. Vishwakarma, Juhi. Kalra, Ravi. Gupta, Mukesh. Sharma, Taruna. Sharma Sir, We are thankful to the reader for his interest in our paper and for the concerns raised. This [...]

Byline: Kirti. Vishwakarma, Juhi. Kalra, Ravi. Gupta, Mukesh. Sharma, Taruna. Sharma Background: We aimed to compare the efficacy of fixed doses of bupropion and ropinirole and iron alone for the [...]

Byline: Kirti. Vishwakarma, Vivekananda. Lahan, Ravi. Gupta, Deepak. Goel, Dilip. Dhasmana, Taruna. Sharma, Juhi. Kalra Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) itself as well as the problems that are secondary to [...]

A double-blind, randomized, parallel study was done to compare sumatriptan, ergotamine, naproxen and rizatriptan in 40 outpatients treating a single migraine attack of moderate to severe intensity. Among these groups, significantly more number of patients had headache relief at 2 hours postdose in naproxen and rizatriptan group as compared to ergotamine. Naproxen, rizatriptan and sumatriptan were better than ergotamine in causing freedom from the associated symptoms of nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia at 2 hour postdose. Naproxen, rizatriptan and sumatriptan were also efficacious in causing functional normalization at 2 hours postdose as compared to ergotamine. The overall results of the study suggest that naproxen is as efficacious as triptan group of drugs but better than ergotamine group in treatment of moderate-severe acute migraine attack. It is more cost effective than triptans and also a well tolerated drug [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: For improving overall care in epileptic patients, careful evaluation of pharmacotherapy, seizure control, quality of life (QOL) and cost effectiveness are helpful but such data are relatively meagre from developing countries. The present study was undertaken to audit all these said factors with different drug combinations comparing older with newer drugs in the setting of a tertiary care epilepsy hospital in India. Methods: Forty patients were divided into four treatment groups, of ten each which were valproic acid + lamotrigine (Group-I), valproic acid+ clonazepam (Group-II), oxcarbazepine + clobazam (Group-III) and phenobarbitone + phenytoin (Group-IV), based on most commonly used dual therapy in local clinical practice. The patients were followed at monthly intervals for six months. Efficacy was assessed by reduction in seizure frequency, QOL was assessed by using an adapted version of 31- items questionnaire QOLIE-31 (quality of life in epilepsy) and cost effectiveness was calculated as ratio of direct cost of medicine and improvement in quality of life. Results: There was a significant reduction in seizure frequency and improvement in QOL in all four groups at 2nd and 6th months. Cost-effectiveness analysis at the end showed that group-IV paid the least for same improvement in QOL. Conclusion: Older drugs are equally efficacious as compared to newer in controlling seizure frequency and improving QOL, but are more cost effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The absence of a common National Treatment Guideline during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India resulted in different treatment strategies, and the use of "off-label drugs" (OfLDs) was one of them. Aims This study aimed to assess the proportion of doctors who prescribed OfLDs, their perceived appropriateness, and the factors leading to their use. Settings and design This is an undergraduate student research project, in which a web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted on doctors who delivered care to COVID-19 patients during the second wave of the pandemic in Uttarakhand, India. Materials and methods The minimum sample size was 370 (for a 95% confidence level, an alpha error of 0.5, and a power of 80%). Data were collected electronically using a validated questionnaire after institutional ethical clearance and the participants' consent. Statistical analysis This is a descriptive-analytical study. Results We received 419 completed responses; all specialties had seen COVID-19 patients, and 91.4% (383) of the doctors had provided care to COVID-19 patients in some way or the other. About 90.7% (380) of the doctors used OfLDs; 62.5% (262) agreed that OfLDs were beneficial, and 78.9% (331) disagreed on universal steroid use. Only 34.1% (143) felt that using OfLDs was ethical. About 16.9% (71) of the doctors believed that alternative medicine was a useful treatment adjunct, and 20% (84) of doctors prescribed OfLDs under duress. About 21.2% (89) believed that Remdesivir was the main treatment for the disease, and 18.6% (78) believed that Tocilizumab was the main treatment for the disease. Personal experience, conviction, or advice from peers were among the various reasons that were put forward for using OfLDs. Conclusions The use of OfLDs during the COVID-19 pandemic in India was extensive. It was done sometimes under pressure and was largely based on confusion (multiplicity of guidelines, many times at variance with each other) as well as on a personal or low level of scientific evidence forwarded to support the use., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Sagar et al.)