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In recent years, the principle of sustainability has received increasing attention in corporate governance, and corporate sustainability is usually achieved through organizational innovation. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that are critical for companies to influence organizational innovation when promoting Industry 4.0. Our research analyzes the relationship between these factors and Industry 4.0, human resources, and corporate sustainability to investigate organizational innovation and its formative factors against the backdrop of the new industrial era. Integrating partial least squares-structured equation modeling (PLS-SEM), bootstrapping, and other methods, we discover that for companies focusing on promoting Industry 4.0, the most important organizational innovation that affects sustainability is influenced by customer orientation, organizational culture, and leadership style in descending order of influence. Meanwhile, knowledge integration capability (KIC) is more important than knowledge absorptivity. It indicates that in the promotion of Industry 4.0, the trend of sustainability led by the leaders is fading, and the customer-driven trend will become more and more obvious in the future.

Graphical abstract, Identification of exact causative genes is important for in silico drug repositioning based on drug-gene-disease relationships. However, the complex polygenic etiology of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a challenge in the identification of etiological genes. The network-based core gene identification method can effectively use the interactions between genes and accurately identify the pathogenic genes of ASD. We developed a novel network-based drug repositioning framework that contains three steps: network-specific core gene (NCG) identification, potential therapeutic drug repositioning, and candidate drug validation. First, through the analysis of transcriptome data for 178 brain tissues, gene network analysis identified 365 NCGs in 18 coexpression modules that were significantly correlated with ASD. Second, we evaluated two proposed drug repositioning methods. In one novel approach (dtGSEA), we used the NCGs to probe drug-gene interaction data and identified 35 candidate drugs. In another approach, we compared NCG expression patterns with drug-induced transcriptome data from the Connectivity Map database and found 46 candidate drugs. Third, we validated the candidate drugs using an in-house mental diseases and compounds knowledge graph (MCKG) that contained 7509 compounds, 505 mental diseases, and 123,890 edges. We found a total of 42 candidate drugs that were associated with mental illness, among which 10 drugs (baclofen, sulpiride, estradiol, entinostat, everolimus, fluvoxamine, curcumin, calcitriol, metronidazole, and zinc) were postulated to be associated with ASD. This study proposes a powerful network-based drug repositioning framework and also provides candidate drugs as well as potential drug targets for the subsequent development of ASD therapeutic drugs.

Abnormal accumulations of misfolded Aβ and tau proteins are major components of the hallmark plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. These abnormal protein deposits cause neurodegeneration through a number of proposed mechanisms, including downregulation of the cAMP-response-element (CRE) binding protein 1 (CREB) signaling pathway. Using CRE-GFP reporter cells, we investigated the effects of three coumarin-chalcone derivatives synthesized in our lab on CREB-mediated gene expression. Aβ-GFP- and ΔK280 tauRD-DsRed-expressing SH-SY5Y cells were used to evaluate these agents for possible antiaggregative, antioxidative, and neuroprotective effects. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration was assessed by pharmacokinetic studies in mice. Of the three tested compounds, (E)-3-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)acryloyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (LM-021) was observed to increase CREB-mediated gene expression through protein kinase A (PKA), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in CRE-GFP reporter cells. LM-021 exhibited antiaggregative, antioxidative, and neuroprotective effects mediated by the upregulation of CREB phosphorylation and its downstream brain-derived neurotrophic factor and BCL2 apoptosis regulator genes in Aβ-GFP- and ΔK280 tauRD-DsRed-expressing SH-SY5Y cells. Blockage of the PKA, CaMKII, or ERK pathway counteracted the beneficial effects of LM-021. LM-021 also exhibited good BBB penetration ability, with brain to plasma ratio of 5.3%, in in vivo pharmacokinetic assessment. Our results indicate that LM-021 works as a CREB enhancer to reduce Aβ and tau aggregation and provide neuroprotection. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of LM-021 in treating AD.

Self-assembly of the corresponding europium and terbium salts with designed chiral ligand (S)-5-((2-carboxy-5-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)isophthalic acid (H3L) generated two novel 3D coordination polymers {[Eu(L)]·0.5CH3CN}n (1) and {[Tb(L)]·0.5CH3CN}n (2). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that 1 and 2 are isostructural metal-organic frameworks built from four-stranded helixes. Complexes 1 and 2 are intriguing homochiral porous architectures with 6,6-connected (48∙66∙8)(413∙62) topology, whose homochirality was further confirmed by their solid-state circular dichroism spectra. Thermal analyses disclose that the desolvated frameworks of 1 and 2 can maintain their structural stability below 370 ​°C. Solid-state photoluminescence studies show that 1 and 2 exhibit strong characteristic Eu(III) and Tb(III) emissions with long lifetimes of 1.31 and 1.35 ​ms, respectively. In addition, 1 and 2 also exhibit significant second harmonic generation activities with their intensities of about 0.29 and 0.31 times larger than that of potassium dihydrogenphosphate, respectively. Very importantly, the excellent thermostabilities and strong red and green emissions of 1 and 2 are of great significance for further exploration of their applications in optical devices.

The development of digital technology tool and the progress of animation design activities have led to great progress in the animation field. The storyboard is a type of media used to present animator ideas. Therefore, it is commonly viewed as fundamental to the animation industry. This study aims to discuss cognitive style- and gender-based differences in word and image idea associations and how to create a story using word and image stimuli. Using a cognitive style index instrument, 104 university freshmen (48 males and 56 females) were classified into the four type groups of male analytic, male intuitive, female analytic, and female intuitive. Each participant was then asked to execute two design tasks: associate word and image ideas (ideational process) and develop a storyboard (ideational outcome). Four experts evaluated outcomes in terms of creativity, structure, and drawing skill. Results show that larger numbers of words and images correlate with good word and image ideas and that analytic females exhibited the greatest level of ideation and intuitive males exhibited the least.

The neutrophil is the major phagocyte and the final effector cell of the innate immunity, with a primary role in the clearance of extracellular pathogens. Using the broad array of cytokines, extracellular traps, and effector molecules as the humoral arm, neutrophils play a crucial role in the host defense against pathogen infections. On the other hand, the pathogen has the capacity to overcome neutrophil-mediated host defense to establish infection causing human disease. Pathogens, such asS. aureus, have the potential to thwart neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis and thereby succeed in evading killing by neutrophils. Furthermore,S. aureussurviving within neutrophils promotes neutrophil cytolysis, resulting in the release of host-derived molecules that promote local inflammation. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils kill the extracellular pathogens and how pathogens evade neutrophils degradation. This review will provide insights that might be useful for the development of novel therapies against infections caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens.

Drawing on theories of cognitive psychology, I have developed a research model to explain the relationship between the visual factors and the aesthetic impression of a web page according to users’ emotional responses. A series of investigations of a web-based learning system were explored in order to further understand the aesthetic impression created by different cognitive styles. The results indicated that: 1) 15 adjective pairs were classified two major visual factors, order and complexity, through semantic difference method and factor analysis; 2) a perceptual map of web-based learning systems was drawn up according to the two dimensions of complexity vs. simple, and order vs. confused; 3) the intermediate students showed higher emotional responses than holistic and analytic students especially in regard to the order factor when viewing a webpage.

Deterministic inventory model, the economic order quantity (EOQ), reveals that carrying inventory or ordering frequency follows a relation of tradeoff. For probabilistic demand, the tradeoff surface among annual order, expected inventory and shortage are useful because they quantify what the firm must pay in terms of ordering workload and inventory investment to meet the customer service desired. Based on a triobjective inventory model, this paper employs the successive approximation to obtain efficient control policies outlining tradeoffs among conflicting objectives. The nondominated solutions obtained by successive approximation are further used to plot a 3D scatterplot for exploring the relationships between objectives. Visualization of the tradeoffs displayed by the scatterplots justifies the computation effort done in the experiment, although several iterations needed to reach a nondominated solution make the solution procedure lengthy and tedious. Information elicited from the inverse relationships may help managers make deliberate inventory decisions. For the future work, developing an efficient and effective solution procedure for tradeoff analysis in multiobjective inventory management seems imperative.

An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant defective in chloroplast protein import was isolated and the mutant locus, cia5, identified by map-based cloning. CIA5 is a 21-kD integral membrane protein in the chloroplast inner envelope membrane with four predicted transmembrane domains, similar to another potential chloroplast inner membrane protein-conducting channel, At Tic20, and the mitochondrial inner membrane counterparts Tim17, Tim22, and Tim23. cia5 null mutants were albino and accumulated unprocessed precursor proteins. cia5 mutant chloroplasts were normal in targeting and binding of precursors to the chloroplast surface but were defective in protein translocation across the inner envelope membrane. Expression levels of CIA5 were comparable to those of major translocon components, such as At Tic110 and At Toc75, except during germination, at which stage At Tic20 was expressed at its highest level. A double mutant of cia5 At tic20-I had the same phenotype as the At tic20-I single mutant, suggesting that CIA5 and At Tic20 function similarly in chloroplast biogenesis, with At Tic20 functioning earlier in development. We renamed CIA5 as Arabidopsis Tic21 (At Tic21) and propose that it functions as part of the inner membrane protein-conducting channel and may be more important for later stages of leaf development.

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of various experimental factors on the photoisomerization of nitrobenzaldehyde. The experimental factors included light source, light energy, exposure time, light path distance and the concentration of nitrobenzaldehyde. The results showed that the photoisomerization of nitrobenzaldehyde increased with increasing light exposure. Different light sources and light path distances demonstrated significant impact on the reaction rate constants and half-lives of nitrobenzaldehyde. Although the light energy of UV photoreactor was 47% lower than that of xenon photoreactor, quantum yield and UV/VIS absorption pattern confirmed the finding that the effect of ultraviolet photoreactor on nitrobenzaldehyde was similar to that of xenon photoreactor with the light path of 17 cm. It was caused by the shorter wavelength of UV photoreactor mainly on 254 nn. The product of nitrobenzaldehyde photoisomerization, nitrosobenzoic acid, was detected from samples after 5 or 10 min exposure of three light sources. The concentrations of nitrosobenzoic acid increased with the increasing of exposure time up to 20 or 60 min.

The import of certain proteins into chloroplasts is dependent on the age of the organelle, with age-dependent import being controlled by a specific motif within the signal peptide., Gene-specific, age-dependent regulations are common at the transcriptional and translational levels, while protein transport into organelles is generally thought to be constitutive. Here we report a new level of differential age-dependent regulation and show that chloroplast proteins are divided into three age-selective groups: group I proteins have a higher import efficiency into younger chloroplasts, import of group II proteins is nearly independent of chloroplast age, and group III proteins are preferentially imported into older chloroplasts. The age-selective signal is located within the transit peptide of each protein. A group III protein with its transit peptide replaced by a group I transit peptide failed to complement its own mutation. Two consecutive positive charges define the necessary motif in group III signals for older chloroplast preference. We further show that different members of a gene family often belong to different age-selective groups because of sequence differences in their transit peptides. These results indicate that organelle-targeting signal peptides are part of cells' differential age-dependent regulation networks. The sequence diversity of some organelle-targeting peptides is not a result of the lack of selection pressure but has evolved to mediate regulation., Author Summary It is well known that some genes are preferentially transcribed in young tissues and others are specifically expressed in aging tissue, but protein import into organelles is generally thought to be constitutive and independent of age. In this study, we find that, contrary to expectation, in higher plants the import of proteins into chloroplasts is indeed dependent on the age of the organelle. We find that chloroplast precursor proteins can be divided into three age-selective groups, with each having a preference for chloroplasts of a different age. The age-selective signal is located within the signal peptide of each protein that controls organelle import, and we further identify a motif that is necessary to make a signal peptide target older chloroplasts preferentially. We show that different members of a gene family often belong to different age-selective groups, and that changing the sequence motifs within a protein's signal peptide can change its age selectivity. These results indicate that organelle-targeting signal peptides are one set of tools available to multicellular organisms for differential age-specific regulation.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of diethylamine and xenon simulated sunlight on the photodegradation of two forms of PCBs including PCBs in transformer oil and PCB congener 138. The result of GC chromatograms illustrated the shifting pattern of higher chlorinated biphenyls in transformer oil degraded to lower chlorinated biphenyls with the extension of exposure time. The effect of diethylamine and xenon simulated sunlight was significant on the photodegradation of both PCBs in transformer oil and congener 138. The initial degradation rates of congener 138 (1.14 x 10(-9) to 4.47 x 10(-9) mol l(-1) h(-1)) were in direct proportion to the initial concentrations of congener 138 which confirmed the pseudo-first-order reaction of PCB photodegradation. The apparent quantum yields (phi) of congener 138 using diethylamine in xenon photoreactor were ranged between 2.08 x 10(-2) and 9.8 x 10(-4). PCB congeners 123, 97, 70, 67, 33, 29, 17, 12, and 9 were detected as the descendants of the photodegradation of congener 138 through dechlorination. The major pathway of congener 138 photodegradation in this study was via para-dechlorination.

Mycobacteriophage SWU1 is a newly isolated phage from a soil sample collected at Gongping village, Pingchang County, Sichuan Province, China, using Mycobacterium smegmatis mc 2 155 as a host. Plaques of SWU1 appear as a unique bull's-eye on an M. smegmatis lawn. In this paper, we report the complete genome sequence of SWU1 and some major findings from the analysis result.