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We compared changes in fractal dimension (FD) and grayscale value (GSV) of peri-implant alveolar bone on digital panoramic radiography (DPR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) immediately after implant surgery and 12 months postoperative.In this retrospective study, 16 patients who received posterior mandibular area dental implants with CBCT scans taken about 2 weeks after implantation and one year after implantation were analyzed. A region of interest was selected for each patient. FDs and GSVs were evaluated immediately after implant surgery and at 12-month follow-up to examine the functional loading of the implants.There were no significant differences between DPR and CBCT measurements of FD values (The DPR and reconstructed panoramic CBCT images exhibit similar image quality for the assessment of FD. There were no changes in FD values or GSVs of the peri-implant trabecular bone structure at the 12-month postoperative evaluation of the functional loading of the implant in comparison to values immediately after implantation. GSVs representing bone mass do not align with FD values that predict bone microstructural parameters. Therefore, GSVs and FDs should be considered different parameters for assessing bone quality.

Objective:Stress is known as a major cause of sleep bruxism. This disorder is characterised by repeated contraction of the masticatory muscles and requires multidisciplinary treatment. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between sleep bruxism and three elements, namely alexithymia, coping with stress and anxiety on women.Materials and Methods:One hundred female participants were examined in the study. All respondents completed a stress coping questionnaire, State-trait Anxiety inventory (STAI) and Toronto-alexithymia-scale (TAS-20). A Mann-Whitney U test, Student’s t-test and chi-square tests were applied to analyse the data. Statistical significance was assumed for p0.05).Conclusion:The high score of "alcohol-substance use" (dysfunctional coping) in bruxist individuals and a high score of "religion" (emotion-focused coping) in non-bruxist individuals suggested that bruxist individuals have a tendency to prefer temporary methods to reduce stress instead of focusing on the root cause.

This study assessed the associations between chronological age, dental maturation (DM), cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM), and hand-wrist maturation (HWM) in individuals aged 9-19 years. In addition, this study aimed to derive practical methods to evaluate the skeletal age using DM, CVM, or HWM for orthodontic, medical, and forensic purposes and to compare which of these 3 developmental parameters is more accurate for estimating the age of individuals in a Turkish population.Panoramic, lateral cephalometric, and hand-wrist radiographs of 284 patients aged 9-19 years were used in this study. The DM, CVM, and HWM stages were determined. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, kappa, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square, and Spearman correlation tests and simple linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was 0.05.Statistically significant differences were found between chronological age and DM, chronological age and CVM, and chronological age and HWM in both sexes (All correlations between skeletal and dental stages were statistically significant. Our results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between chronological age and DM-estimated age. Therefore, it can be concluded that DM stages have the potential to be used for legal purposes.

WOS:000408113700005, PubMed ID: 28955593, Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı stiloid çıkıntının (SÇ) morfolojisinin ve kalsifikasyon şekillerinin incelenmesi ve bunların bireylerin yaşları, cinsiyetleri ve diş durumlarıyla olan ilişkilerinin belirlenmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntem: 910 panoramik radyografi yaş, diş durumu ve cinsiyete göre gruplandırıldı. SÇ uzunlukları ve morfolojik kalsifikasyon tipleri analiz edildi. SP'nin temporal kemiğin timpanik kısmından ayrılan nokta ile SP'nin kemik ucu arasındaki mesafe ölçüldü. Kalsifikasyon yapıları şu şekilde sınıflandırıldı: (A) Bölge 1, yalnız tympanohyal (B) Bölge 2, tek başına stylohyal (C) Bölge 1 ve 2, ayrı (D) Bölgeler 1 ve 2, sürekli (E) Bölge 1, 2 ve 3, sürekli (F) Bölge 1, 2 ve 3, ayrı (G) Bölge 1 ve 2, sürekli fakat 3'ten ayrı (H) Bölge 2 ve 3 ayrı, (I) Bölge 2 ve 3 sürekli, ancak 1'den ayrı (J) Yalnız bölge 3 (K) Bölge 3 ve 4, sürekli (başka bir bölgede kalsifikasyon içerebilir) (L) Görülen herhangi bir stiloid çıkıntı yok.Bulgular: Sağ taraftaki SÇ'lerin sola göre daha uzun olduğu belirlendi (p0,05). Her iki tarafta en sık görülen morfolojik kalsifikasyon tiplerinin D (sağ % 42.9, sol 42%) ve E (sağ % 33.3, sol% 30.8) olduğu saptandı. Çift taraflı SÇ uzunluklarının arasında cinsiyet, yaş ve diş durumuna göre anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Her iki cinsiyette de, sadece sağ SÇ morfolojik kalsifikasyon tiplerinin yaş gruplarına göre farklılık gösterdiği bulundu (p 0.05). SP morfolojik kalsifikasyon tiplerinin cinsiyet ve diş durumuna göre anlamlı farklılık göstermediği tespit edildi.Sonuç: Morfolojik tipler mevcut alanlarına göre şekillenmektedir. SÇ kalsifikasyon tipleri, SÇ uzunluğuna göre belirlenmesine rağmen, yaş SÇ uzunluğu ile değil, SÇ'nın morfolojik kalsifikasyon tipi ile ilişkiliydi. Buna göre SÇ'nın morfolojik kalsifikasyon tipinin gelişmesinde yaş dışında başka etkenlerin rol oynadığı düşünülebilir. SÇ'nın yapısal özellikleri yaş, cinsiyet ve diş durumu ile ilişkili değildir., Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology and calcification pattern of the styloid process (SP) and to determine their relations with subjects’ age, gender, and dental status. Materials and Methods: 910 panoramic radiographs were stratified by age, dental status and gender. The distance between the points where SP leaves the tympanic plate of the temporal bone and the bony tip of SP was measured. Calcification patterns were classified as : (A) Region 1, tympanohyal alone (B) Region 2, stylohyal alone (C) Region 1 and 2, separate (D) Regions 1 and 2, continuous (E) Regions 1, 2, and 3, continuous (F) Regions 1, 2, and 3, separate (G) Regions 1 and 2, continuous, but separate from 3 (H) Regions 2 and 3, separate (I) Regions 2 and 3, continuous, but separate from 1 (J) Region 3 alone (K) Region 3 and 4, continuous (may include calcification in one other region) (L) No styloid process visible.Results: The right SPs were found to be longer than the left (p0.05). Types D (right 42.9%, left 42%) and E (right 33.3%, left 30.8%) were the most common morphological calcifications on both sides. No statistical difference was found for bilateral SP length between gender, age, and dental status groups. A significant difference was found only for right SP morphological calcification types as to age groups in both genders (p0.05). No significant difference was found for SP morphological calcification types according to gender and dental status.Conclusion: The morphological types are formed at their present area. Even though SP calcification type was determined according to the length of SP, age was not an effective factor on the length, but the morphological calcification type of SP. Therefore, factors other than age may have a role in the development of morphological calcification types. Structural characteristics of SP are not associated with age, gender and dental status.

Background: This study aimed to determine the volumetric size of the maxillary sinus and investigate the effect of gender and age on maxillary sinus volume (MSV) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in a Turkish subpopulation. Materials and methods: This retrospective volumetric CBCT study was carried out on 133 individuals (84 females, 49 males) between 8 and 51 years old. MSV was measured using the MIMICS 21.0 software (Materialise HQ Technologielaan, Leuven, Belgium). All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 21.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) software. Mean and standard deviation of both maxillary sinuses measurements were calculated and compared to gender and age. P values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Mean volume of the right maxillary sinus was 13.173 cm3, while for the left was 13.194 cm3. There was no significant difference between right and left maxillary sinus volumes (p > 0.05). There was no significant correlation between MSV and age (p > 0.05). It was found that MSV did not change according to gender (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Right and left maxillary sinus volumes were not different from each other. Gender and age were not found to be related to maxillary sinus volume.

The radiological interpretation and significance of changes in the sella turcica are dependent on an knowledge of the normal anatomy and pathology of this structure. Clincians should recognize variations in the anatomical structures found on cephalometric films so as to exclude any pathological changes, even before these become clinically apparent. The pituitary gland occupies the sella turcica and it is considered to be a site for brain tumours. Sellas of unusual size, shape and/or with a poorly defined outline may indicate pituitary problems and may be associated with some types of craniofacial malformation and various syndromes.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the maturation levels of the third molar teeth of individuals aged between 7 and 25 years, to evaluate the relationship between dental maturation, chronological age and gender, and to test the reliability of this formula by developing regression formulas based on dental maturation data of the third molars for age estimation in a Turkish populatioMaterial and Methods: In this retrospective study, digital panoramic radiographs of a total of 630 patients including 380 females and 250 males, ages 7-25 years were used. The dental maturation of the third molars on the panoramic radiographs was evaluated with the modified Demirjian’s classification system. The descriptive statistics, Cohen’s Kappa, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal Wallis, Chi- Square, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon, Spearman Correlation and Linear regression tests were used for statistical analysis.Results: The mean chronological age (CA) was 14.38±2.51 years, with a median age of 14.00 years. Mann-Whitney U test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean CA for females and males (p = 0.968). The mean age difference between the estimated dental age (DA) and CA for females and males was 0.002 and -0.004 years, respectively. This was found not to be statistically significant according to Wilcoxon-signed ranks test (p=0.541).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the use of third molars as a developmental marker is appropriate. There were no significant differences in third molar development between genders.Keywords: Age estimation; dental age; Demirjian; maturation; third molar.

Objective: Current diagnostic tools for non-cavitated occlusal caries are not very reliable. For this reason, newer systems need to be developed. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of visual inspection (ICDAS-II), laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent pen), and the near-infrared transillumination technique (DIAGNOcam) in the detection of non-cavitated occlusal caries lesions under clinical and laboratory conditions in 90 third molar teeth planned for extraction. Materials and Methods:Ninety third molar teeth were firstly examined in clinical conditions, scored according to ICDAS-II criteria, and examined with DIAGNOdent pen and DIAGNOcam devices. After finishing the clinical examination, the teeth were re-evaluated shortly after the extractions with the same methods. Then, the teeth were sectioned for histological validation according to Downer’s criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated based on the histological results. Results: For the D0–D1–4 threshold, the area under the ROC curve values ranged between 0.754 and 0.881 for all systems. Sensitivity values ranged between 80.5 and 96.1%, and specificity values ranged between 61.5 and 84.6% for the three caries detection methods. DIAGNOcam had the best correlation value (0.616) according to histological observations and demonstrated a sensitivity rate of 96.1%, a specificity rate of 61.5%, and an accuracy rate of 91.1%. Conclusions: DIAGNOcam was found to be the most effective method for the diagnosis of occlusal caries without cavitation in permanent molar teeth.

Background The presence of notched R or S waves without accompanying typical bundle branch blocks, or the existence of an additional wave like RSR’ pattern in the original QRS complex (with a duration of 120 points (OR = 4.765), age >70 years (OR = 4.041), anterior MI localization (OR = 3.148), and presence of fQRS (OR = 2.484) were significant predictors of primary end points. fQRS increased the predictive ability of GRACE score >120 about two folds (OR = 7.305, P < 0.001). Conclusion Persistent fQRS on ECG is associated with poor prognosis and there is a lack of expected mortality benefit of RPT, particularly that of fibrinolytic therapy, in STEMI patients with fQRS.

The ponticulus posticus (PP) is a bridge of bone sometimes found on the atlas vertebra surrounding the vertebral artery and the first cervical nerve root. Sella turcica bridging (STB) is the fusion of anterior and posterior clinoid processes. The objective of this study was to find out the association between STB and PP. For the study, 752 digital lateral cephalograms were retrieved from the archived records of Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Dentistry, Konya, Turkey. There was a significant relationship between the presence of STB and PP (p=0.000, p

BACKGROUND: The presence of notched R or S waves without accompanying typical bundle branch blocks, or the existence of an additional wave like RSR’ pattern in the original QRS complex (with a duration of 120 points (OR = 4.765), age >70 years (OR = 4.041), anterior MI localization (OR = 3.148), and presence of fQRS (OR = 2.484) were significant predictors of primary end points. fQRS increased the predictive ability of GRACE score >120 about two folds (OR = 7.305, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Persistent fQRS on ECG is associated with poor prognosis and there is a lack of expected mortality benefit of RPT, particularly that of fibrinolytic therapy, in STEMI patients with fQRS.

BACKGROUND: Narrow fragmented QRS (fQRS) has recently been recognized as a significant predictor of prognosis in various cardiovascular diseases. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that the presence of narrow fQRS on admission electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with decompensated systolic heart failure (HF) of any cause would be associated with long‐term prognosis. METHODS: Patients hospitalized for decompensated HF due to ischemic or nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (left ventricular ejection fraction

Lyme disease (borreliosis) is a systemic illness resulting from infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. It is transmitted to humans by the bites of infected ticks belonging to several species of the genus Ixodes. After the bacteria enter the body via the dermis, most patients develop the early, localised form of Lyme disease, which is characterised by erythema migrans and influenza-like symptoms. This disease may also affect the heart, nervous system and joints. The neurological findings of this disease may include peripheral and central nervous system signs. A 21-year-old woman attended a family medicine outpatient clinic complaining of unexplained pain and muscle power loss in her lower extremities. The problem had started in her right leg 3 months earlier and worsened in the last week. She had a neurology consultation and was hospitalised. Her neurological examination revealed bilateral facial paralysis and sensory impairment. Immunoglobulin M antibody to B. burgdorferi was positive on Western blotting in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The patient was diagnosed with subacute neuroborreliosis and treated.

Injuries are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in adolescents and can be grouped as unintentional (such as motor vehicle crashes and fires) and intentional (violence and suicide). The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of high risk behaviors related to violence in high school students. The population comprised 2,480 randomly selected students from 10 schools among 46,271 students from 72 high schools in 1999-2000 in Adana and 2,352 (94.8%) were reached. They completed a Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire (YRBSQ). The mean age was 16.5 +/- 1 (14-21) years. 275 (11.7%) students stated that they carried a knife or a sharp weapon during the last 30 days, 151 (6.4%) carried a gun, 710 (30.2%) participated in a physical fight, 68 (2.9%) were threatened or injured by a weapon, 73 (3.1%) could not attend school because of threats from other students, 96 (4.1%) were forced into sexual intercourse. Male students were significantly more likely than female students to report all types of high risk behaviors except forced sexual intercourse. The rate of risky behaviors increased with higher grade. Violence towards and by adolescents is a severe problem. Families, teachers, and health care professionals should be aware of risk factors and be active in prevention of high risk behaviors in youth.

Injuries are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in adolescents and can be grouped as unintentional (such as motor vehicle crashes and fires) and intentional (violence and suicide). The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of high risk behaviors related to violence in high school students. The population comprised 2,480 randomly selected students from 10 schools among 46,271 students from 72 high schools in 1999–2000 in Adana and 2,352 (94.8%) were reached. They completed a Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire (YRBSQ). The mean age was 16.5 ± 1 (14–21) years. 275 (11.7%) students stated that they carried a knife or a sharp weapon during the last 30 days, 151 (6.4%) carried a gun, 710 (30.2%) participated in a physical fight, 68 (2.9%) were threatened or injured by a weapon, 73 (3.1%) could not attend school because of threats from other students, 96 (4.1%) were forced into sexual intercourse. Male students were significantly more likely than female students to report all types of high risk behaviors except forced sexual intercourse. The rate of risky behaviors increased with higher grade. Violence towards and by adolescents is a severe problem. Families, teachers, and health care professionals should be aware of risk factors and be active in prevention of high risk behaviors in youth.

Fifty years ago adolescents mostly died of natural causes, whereas they now die from more preventable causes. Part of this change has been a worldwide rise in adolescent suicide rates in both developed and developing countries. Suicides are probably under reported due to cultural and religious stigma attached to self-destruction. Objectives of this study were to collect data about suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts and related sociodemographic details in high school students. The population comprised 2,480 randomly selected students among 46,271 students from 72 high schools in 1999-2000 in Adana and 2,352 (94.8%) students from 10 schools were reached and given a questionnaire modified using Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire (YRBSQ). Chi2 and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used. Mean age was 16.5 +/- 1 (14-21) year, 1,187 (50.5%) students reported severe desperation, 526 students (22.4%) had suicidal thoughts, 332 (14.1%) planned committing suicide, 145 (6.2%) attempted suicide. The occurrence rate of desperation, suicidal thoughts, plans, attempts and the mean number of attempts were significantly higher in females than males. Adolescent suicide is a tragedy affecting individual, family, peers, and community. Families, teachers, and physicians should be aware of risk factors for suicide.

Fifty years ago adolescents mostly died of natural causes, whereas they now die from more preventable causes. Part of this change has been a worldwide rise in adolescent suicide rates in both developed and developing countries. Suicides are probably under reported due to cultural and religious stigma attached to self-destruction. Objectives of this study were to collect data about suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts and related sociodemographic details in high school students. The population comprised 2,480 randomly selected students among 46,271 students from 72 high schools in 1999–2000 in Adana and 2,352 (94.8%) students from 10 schools were reached and given a questionnaire modified using Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire (YRBSQ). x2 and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used. Mean age was 16.5 ±1 (14–21) year, 1,187 (50.5%) students reported severe desperation, 526 students (22.4%) had suicidal thoughts, 332 (14.1%) planned committing suicide, 145 (6.2%) attempted suicide. The occurrence rate of desperation, suicidal thoughts, plans, attempts and the mean number of attempts were significantly higher in females than males. Adolescent suicide is a tragedy affecting individual, family, peers, and community. Families, teachers, and physicians should be aware of risk factors for suicide.