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2D-MXenes have gained much popularity for energy storage applications such as hybrid capacitors, and they have shown very competitive performance, especially as electrode materials for sodium ion hybrid capacitors. However, they suffer from various problems, such as morphology distortion and fast capacity fading, which results in the poor performance of the battery. As a result, researchers have focused more on MXene-based composite materials to address these issues. In this work, we report a sodium iodide and nickel-decorated MXene-based composite (Ti _2 C/Ni/NaI) material as an electrode for a sodium ion hybrid capacitor. Ti _2 C MXene and Ni were able to provide physical and mechanical strength, and iodine was able to produce redox activity. The composite had a rough surface with readily aggregated 2D-MXene sheets and was uniformly covered with Ni, Na, and I atoms. Several vibrational bands and peaks associated with Ti, Ni, Na, C and O in the Raman while XPS spectra confirmed the effective incorporation of dopants into the MXene sheets and successful synthesis of the Ti _2 C/Ni/NaI composite. The fabricated hybrid capacitor exhibited good capacity retention of 59% after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 0.5 mA g ^−1 ; thus, the Ti _2 C/Ni/NaI composite can be a promising electrode material for sodium-based hybrid capacitors.

Background: Choledochal cyst (CC) is a cystic dilatation of various parts of the biliary tract that requires surgical intervention. Excision of the CC with biliary enteric anastomosis is the standard line of treatment. There are two types of biliary enteric anastomosis, hepaticojejunostomy (HJ), and hepaticoduodenostomy (HD). However, there is no consensus among surgeons regarding the preferred anastomosis technique. Aims and Objectives: In this study, we conducted a survey among pediatric surgeons in India to determine their preferred anastomosis technique following CC excision. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pediatric surgeons in India by circulating a Google™ form containing information about their demographics and their preferred choice of anastomosis in the Indian Association for Pediatric Surgeons Official Telegram™ group called “Pediatric Surgery Academics.” The survey was done in June and July 2019. Results: A total of 53 (9.96%) pediatric surgeons responded to the survey. Among them, 47 (88.7%) were male and 6 (11.3%) were female pediatric surgeons. The mean age of the surgeons was 46.21, and the mean number of cases operated by pediatric surgeons was 28.49. Experience-wise, 8 (15.1%) had

Background: Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a common pediatric surgery emergency, with potential complications such as perforation, obstruction, and bleeding. The demographics, characteristics, and management of these cases can vary based on factors such as age, gender, and type of FB ingested. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to analyze these factors in a prospective study of children with FB ingestion. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study done under 13 years of age with FB ingestion who presented to a tertiary care hospital over a period of 15 months. Results: A total of 133 cases were included, with a mean age of 6.15 years and a higher prevalence in males (60.2%). The most common age group affected was 5–13 years (50.4%). The mean length of ingested FB was 2.77 cm, with 52.6% of cases ingesting FBs >2 cm. The majority of FBs were blunt (92.5%) and circular in shape (61.7%). The primary reason for ingestion was playing (95.5%). The most common site of FB impaction was the intestine (50.4%). Most cases were managed by observation (93.2%). Conclusion: FB ingestion is a common pediatric emergency, with a higher prevalence in males. Most cases can be managed by observation, and endoscopic removal or PR may be required in a small proportion of cases. Awareness of the risk factors and clinical presentation of FB ingestion can aid in prompt diagnosis and management of these cases.

The rise of flexible and wearable electronics has spurred advancements in printed, flexible micro-supercapacitors for energy storage. This study presents the fabrication of flexible micro-supercapacitors using a novel nanocomposite of tin dioxide grown on layered reduced graphene oxide through one-pot in situ synthesis. The conductive functional ink, formulated by mixing the nanocomposite, is effectively utilized in screen-printing technology. The resulting micro-supercapacitors, particularly the SG-1 variant, demonstrate impressive electrochemical performance. The nanocomposites show exceptional versatility across various electrolytes, including alkaline, acidic, and quasi-gel electrolytes with a polyvinyl alcohol matrix infused with potassium hydroxide. An in-depth comparison of their efficacy in these electrolytes highlights the most suitable configurations for optimal performance. At a scan rate of 5 mV s−1, SG-1 achieves areal capacitances of 148.7 mF cm−2 and 87.7 mF cm−2 in the 1 M KOH and polyvinyl alcohol infused with 1 M KOH quasi-gel electrolyte. Additionally, SG-1 in the gel electrolyte demonstrates remarkable energy density of 11.7 mWh cm−2 at power density of 490 mW cm−2. Notably, the fabricated micro-supercapacitors exhibit excellent capacitive retention of 89.5% even after undergoing 5000 cycles of charge–discharge, underscoring their robustness and long-term stability for practical applications in flexible and wearable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the construction industry is moving towards sustainable infrastructure, the need for green construction materials has gained importance in current scenario. Geopolymer concrete is considered to be an alternate to conventional concrete with cement as cement production is considered to emit more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This work has still raised the sustainable part of the geopolymer concrete by using steel sludge generated from automobile industry as partial replacement for fine aggregate. The experimental results were designed using fractional factorial design. The results were analysed for statistical integrity with ANOVA. It has been observed that the maximum compressive strength achieved with steel sludge up to 30% replacement is 48 Mpa with flexural strength of 5.16 Mpa and split tensile strength of 4.6 Mpa. Optimisation was done to find the proportion that gives maximum strength and it was ascertained with experimental validation. XRD and SEM analysis were carried out for studying the microstructure and reaction products formed in the process.

This study aims to calculate the number of bays needed in the design year 2037 for a toll plaza on the Bengaluru – Chennai Highway (National Highway No. 48). Data on the classified traffic volume count was gathered from the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) office and relates to the “Nemili toll plaza” on the Bengaluru – Chennai Highway (NH-48). Average daily traffic is calculated using the tollable traffic data that has been gathered as a base. A suitable seasonal correction factor was assumed in order to estimate the annual average daily traffic. Using growth elasticity values derived from the Annual Average Growth Rates (AAGR) of Population, Per-Capita Income, and Net State Domestic Product of the influencing states collected from credible sources and state influencing factors, traffic in the horizon year (2037) was estimated. The necessary number of Electronic Toll Collection (FASTag) bays at the Nemili toll plaza was determined in accordance with Indian Road Congress standards based on the traffic flow forecast for the upcoming year.

The study investigated end milling of Inconel 825 with varying spindle speed (N), feed rate (f) and axial depth of cut (da) with Minimum Quality Lubricant (MQL) and flooded lubrication. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with the average particle size of 10 μm was used as lubricating agent. Work considered, center line average of roughness profile as a measure of surface roughness which was measured with a surface roughness tester. Material Removal Rate (MRR) was also measured experimentally using weight difference. The influence of spindle speed (N), feed rate (f) and axial depth of cut (da) during end milling of Inconel 825 on surface roughness and MRR were studied. Prediction of surface roughness by ANOVA linear model for MQL condition was found functionally adequate with R² = 89.25% which fits with the experimental values. Also, the prediction and optimization of surface roughness using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was proposed. It was found that, RSM model for MQL condition produced good agreement with the measurement of the given range of input cutting conditions with the prediction capability of 91.66%. Further, the machined surfaces and tool wear were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to understand the mechanisms of wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the increasing demand for wireless communication systems operating in the sub 6 GHz frequency band, there has been a growing need for compact and efficient band pass filters. Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) is a promising technology that offers advantages such as miniaturization, low insertion loss, and high selectivity. In this paper, we propose a compact SIW-based band pass filter for sub 6 GHz band applications. The proposed filter is designed using a stepped impedance resonator (SIR) and a modified E shape coupling structure to achieve the desired band pass response. The filter is fabricated on a low-cost and commercially available substrate to make it suitable for mass production. Simulation and measurement results show that the proposed filter exhibits good performance in terms of insertion loss, return loss, and selectivity. The compact size and high performance make the proposed SIW-based band pass filter ideal for various wireless communication systems operating in the sub 6GHz frequency band. The optimization process is performed using Ansoft HFSS software, where the design parameters of the filter are adjusted to achieve the desired frequency response characteristics and is going to be proposed with the requirements of Frequency Coverage of (– 3 dB) i.e.., – 3300 to 3700 MHz, Insertion Loss less than 1 dB, Stop bandwidth – 32 dB and Lower and upper band relaxation of 30 MHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High strength concrete is seldom used in normal construction practice due to its high cost and difficulties in achieving the desired design strength. This paper gives an insight on using waste material which has been disposed in lands as a sustainable construction material to replace sand and to achieve desired strength. The compressive strength of Reactive powder concrete (RPC) produced in this work was 88 MPa and the flexural strength was 20 MPa. Also the influence of different curing methods on the properties of RPC has been investigated. Durability studies also show that the material satisfies the durable parameters to be used as a construction material.

Graphene oxide/Co3O4 nanocomposites were synthesised by a hydrothermal method. The structural properties of the above nanocomposite were elucidated by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The functional group in the graphene oxide/Co3O4 nanocomposite was confirmed by FTIR spectral analysis. The morphological properties of the graphene oxide-Co3O4 nanocomposites were studied by SEM analysis. The elemental compositions of these samples were estimated by EDAX studies. UV, TGA, and Raman were used to assess the crystal nature, morphology, and chemical states of the prepared graphene oxide/Co3O4 nanocomposite, and the electrochemical performance was tested using CV of the prepared nanocomposite materials as supercapacitor electrodes. The electrochemical results showed that the graphene oxide/Co3O4 nanocomposite is a good material for a supercapacitor electrode. AC conductivity’s dielectric properties of charge energy − 2.5318 × 10–6 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]