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Visual Literacy As an Approach To Learning Photography. This article is an overview of the current photographic phenomena. Visual literacy as an approach becomes an offer in the development of photography learning science. As a of discipline, photography has the complexity of learning, just like other scientific disciplines. In photography learning, visual literacy is a significant capital. Visual literacy can be understood as a person's ability to respond to phenomena. It's not just the ability to switch media (design); from the oral to the visual, from the textual to the visual, from the audio to the visiual or from the visual to the other visual forms, and the ability to conduct studies of existing visual works. In photography, it is necessary not only to be processed artistically but also processed that has critical considerations, both from ethics, aesthetics, and perspective, to a phenomenon

Leibniz's concept of monads had of great importance for the development of the idealistic conception. Through Kant and his "Physical Monadology" she infiltrated into modern German philosophy. However, not only modern idealists referred to the concept of monads. Especially, that many scientific disciplines, which emanated from philosophy, related to the scope of idealistic notions, for example: psychology or sociology. German psychology and its creators have many often referred to monads theory. Freud, Fromm and Jung presented even their own point of views on this topic. Later theories, such as Lowe's theory, also refer to the concept of monads. These relations and the historical connections between monad theory and modern German psycho-philosophy are shown in this work.

Scientific topics vary in popularity over time. In this paper, we model the life cycles of 200 trending topics by fitting the Logistic and Gompertz models to their frequency over time in published abstracts. Unlike other work, the topics we use are algorithmically extracted from large datasets of abstracts covering computer science, particle physics, cancer research, and mental health. We find that the Gompertz model produces lower median error, leading us to conclude that it is the more appropriate model. Since the Gompertz model is asymmetric, with a steep rise followed a long tail, this implies that scientific topics follow a similar trajectory. We also explore the case of double-peaking curves and find that in some cases, topics will peak multiple times as interest resurges. Finally, when looking at the different scientific disciplines, we find that the lifespan of topics is longer in some disciplines (e.g. cancer research and mental health) than it is others, which may indicate differences in research process and culture between these disciplines.

The stationarity of hydrological systems is dead in the era of the Anthropocene. Has our hydrological or water resources knowledge been well transformed to address this change? By using publications indexed in the Web of Science database since 1900, we aim to investigate the global development of water resources knowledge at the river basin scale with a systems approach, of which water resources knowledge development in a river basin is defined as a complex system involving the co-evolutionary dynamics of scientific disciplines and management issues. It is found that (1) legacy-driven water resources knowledge structures have consistently dominated most of the highly researched river basins in the world, while innovation-driven structures are identified in the river basins receiving increasing research publications in the recent period; (2) the management issues addressed by legacy-driven river basin studies are increasingly homogenized, while a wider range of emerging issues are considered by innovation-driven river basin studies; and (3) cross-disciplinary collaborations have remained largely unchanged and collaborations with social sciences have been very limited. It is concluded that the stationarity of water resources knowledge structure persists. A structural shift of water resources knowledge development is urgently needed to cope with the rapidly changing hydrological systems and associated management issues, and opportunities for such a shift exist in those less researched but globally distributed innovation-driven river basins.

T he current research aims to identify the degree of twenty-first century skills application among university students in the Kingdom. By determining the level of skills available in the university curricula from the students' point of view, determining the level of application of the skills among university students and indicating the differences reflected in the response of the sample members (gender and specialization).The research sample consisted of (576) male and female students from Saudi universities. The researcher prepared a scale through reviewing several studies related to its construction and application to use it with the participants. This scale consisted of two parts: The first part is a survey measuring the 21st century skills in the university curricula. The second part is the university students’ application of the skills of the twenty-first century.The results of the research showed that the skills of the 21st century are available and applicable in the university curricula with a high degree among university students, with statistically significant differences between the literary and scientific disciplines of students in favor of the scientific students. There are no differences between the gender of the participants in possessing the skills of the 21st century, except in flexibility in favor of males.

Este ensayo busca analizar los procesos de institucionalización de la formación de los profesores de Educación Física en Argentina durante el siglo XX. Para ello relevamos las instancias de creación de las instituciones educativas y las principales líneas rectoras de la formación disciplinar. Con base en ello identificamos cuatro momentos de la matriz instruccional, en donde se procuró instituir determinadas concepciones disciplinares, modelos formativos y campos de acción profesional. Ello encontró sustento en diversas disciplinas científicas, la participación de actores sociales inscritos en múltiples tramas y los lineamientos de las políticas educativas destinadas al nivel superior.

The main characteristics of the 50 most highly cited reviews based on Scopus data, published in 2013–2017, have been studied. A detailed analysis of these reviews is given in terms of topic relevance, authors’ team authority, and sources rating. The majority of reviews were for medicine, chemistry, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. Many of them were written with the participation of an authoritative expert group from the world’s leading scientific institutions as a regularly updated result review. The largest numbers of authors belonged to the G7 countries, China, and Switzerland. In comparison with these reviews, the Russian practice of preparing review publications has been considered.

The fields of C–H functionalization and photoredox catalysis have garnered enormous interest and utility in the past several decades. Many different scientific disciplines have relied on C–H functionalization and photoredox strategies including natural product synthesis, drug discovery, radiolabeling, bioconjugation, materials, and fine chemical synthesis. In this Review, we highlight the use of photoredox catalysis in C–H functionalization reactions. We separate the review into inorganic/organometallic photoredox catalysts and organic-based photoredox catalytic systems. Further subdivision by reaction class—either sp(2) or sp(3) C–H functionalization—lends perspective and tactical strategies for use of these methods in synthetic applications.

This paper examines the role of book reviews in the discipline of the history of science by comparing their appearance in two periodicals, Isis, the flagship journal of the discipline that was founded in 1913, and the Journal for the History of Astronomy, founded in 1970 to serve a newly emerging, specialized subfield within the broader discipline. Our analysis of the reviews published in selected slices of time finds differing norms and reviewing practices within the two journals. Despite important changes during the past century in the conceptualization of the history of science and its research methods, reviewing practices in Isis remained remarkably consistent over time, with reviewers generally defending a fixed set of norms for “good” scholarship. More change appears in reviews of the Journal for the History of Astronomy, as its audience shifted from a mix of the laity, working astronomers, and historians to a specialized group of professional historians of astronomy. Scholarly norms, reflected in the reviews, shifted with these changes in readership. We conclude that book reviews offer rich sources for analyzing the evolution of scholarly disciplines and norms.

En la década de 1970, en el marco de la reforma educativa de Luis Echeverría, un grupo liderado por científicas y científicos mexicanos diseñó una gran reforma curricular de ciencias naturales en primaria. Se ha explicado que esta reforma fue una réplica con retraso de la llamada “primera revolución” en educación en ciencia, originada en Estados Unidos, que buscaba una enseñanza de las disciplinas científicas “tal cual eran” mediante el método científico y la experimentación. Este artículo va más allá de esa explicación: analiza el contexto de la reforma, su proceso de diseño y sus libros de texto bajo una mirada histórica, filosófica y social sobre la ciencia y la tecnología. Muestra cómo la reforma abrevó de largas tradiciones del mundo occidental, y a la vez reflejó significados locales de la naturaleza, el campo, la ciencia, la tecnología y su papel para la niñez y el México de entonces.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the global recognition for greater inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary working, and the need for systematic approaches which recognise the interconnectedness and interactions between human, animal and environmental health. The notion of such a One Team/One science approach is perhaps best exemplified by the One Health concept, a systematic approach which is rapidly entering into the mainstream. However, the concept of One Health, as we presently know it, originated from One Medicine, a notion which is much older and which emerged to promote collaboration between the human and veterinary medicine professions and the allied health/scientific disciplines. Whilst One Medicine is perhaps better known by the veterinary community, some misconceptions of what One Medicine is have arisen. Therefore, this review introduces this emerging concept and how it can help to address overlapping (communicable and non-communicable disease) health challenges faced by both human and veterinary medicine.

The periodic table is one of the best-known systems of classification in science. Because of the information it contains, it raises explanation-seeking questions. Quantum mechanical models of the behaviour of electrons (which describe an electron configuration for each kind of atom) may be seen as providing explanations in response to these questions. In this paper we first address the question ‘Do quantum mechanical models of atoms provide legitimate explanations?’ Because our answer is positive, our next question is ‘Are the explanations provided by quantum mechanical models of atoms mechanistic explanations?’. This question is motivated by the fact that in many scientific disciplines, mechanistic explanations are abundant. Because our answer to the second question is negative, our last question is ‘What kind of explanation do quantum mechanical models of atom provide?’ By addressing these questions, we shed light on the nature of an important type of chemical explanation.

Data sharing is one of the cornerstones of modern science that enables large-scale analyses and reproducibility. We evaluated data availability in research articles across nine disciplines in Nature and Science magazines and recorded corresponding authors’ concerns, requests and reasons for declining data sharing. Although data sharing has improved in the last decade and particularly in recent years, data availability and willingness to share data still differ greatly among disciplines. We observed that statements of data availability upon (reasonable) request are inefficient and should not be allowed by journals. To improve data sharing at the time of manuscript acceptance, researchers should be better motivated to release their data with real benefits such as recognition, or bonus points in grant and job applications. We recommend that data management costs should be covered by funding agencies; publicly available research data ought to be included in the evaluation of applications; and surveillance of data sharing should be enforced by both academic publishers and funders. These cross-discipline survey data are available from the plutoF repository.

This article aims to examine the methodology of Ijtihād tat̟bīqī KH. Sahal Mahfudh in contextualizing and actualizing classical fiqh texts. The method used is qualitative with the theoretical approach of ijtihād tat̟bîqî by Abû Ishâq Ibrâhîm al-Syâtibi and the theory of Social Construction of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann with the basis of the Sociology of Knowledge analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are three methodologies of Ijtihād tat̟bīqī KH. Sahal Mahfudh: first, historical approach. Second, the cultural approach (culture), Third, the sociological approach. The contribution of this research is to actualize and contextualize classical fiqh texts while maintaining their relevant authenticity and then synergizing them with more positive modern scientific disciplines so that they exist and survive in the present and as the future development of Indonesian and world fiqh.

Citations are important rhetorical devices that when properly and strategically employed, allow writers to promote their current research findings persuasively and efficiently. As knowledge construction is progressive and cumulative, specifically in scientific disciplines, it is evident that acquiring skills for adequate and effective application of citations is essential for success. Scientific writers are required to possess advanced academic literacy skills in order to ably position their study within the framework of existing knowledge, and strategically employ citations to advance the acceptability of their research findings. This paper endeavors to propose materials for teaching the rhetorical functions of citations in advanced academic writing courses. The tasks are designed specifically to raise students’ awareness of citation norms, especially in their own specific disciplines. Since the practice of citing the work of others ethically is highly challenging for emerging research writers, materials suggested in this paper can be beneficial to instructors who are involved in developing advanced discipline-specific writing courses, or short-term academic writing workshops.

As one of the scientific disciplines in the sociolinguistic field, Arabic is often only fixated on the concept of language without involving other scientific studies, thus giving birth to Arabic learners who are less responsive to the times. This study aims to analyze the values of integration-interconnection contained in the material in the Arabic textbook class XII Islamic Senior High School published by the Indonesian Ministry of Religion, supported by other relevant documents using a literature study. The data collected in the field were analyzed using descriptive-qualitative. This study indicated that the five chapters has already contained the value of integration-interconnection between religious, scientific, and social sciences. However, there were no value in scientific knowledge found in Chapter II and III. Also, the result of this study needed to be emphasized the application of the value of integration-interconnection in Arabic learning. It is not enough to rely only on textbooks alone, but it also requires the presence of teachers who participate in extracting other scientific values. The results are expected to contribute to improving the concept of Arabic textbooks, which contain the value of integration-interconnection. Further research is expected to explore the value of integration-interconnection at every level of education. It is highly expected that this will create Arabic language learning that can meet other scientific disciplines.

El Comportamiento Informacional Web y la Experiencia de Usuario son disciplinas científicas que comparten aspectos comunes. No se evidencian estudios precedentes que delimiten las relaciones entre las disciplinas Comportamiento Informacional Web y Experiencia de Usuario desde la perspectiva métrica. Se planteó como objetivo del estudio: caracterizar las relaciones entre las disciplinas Comportamiento Informacional Web y Experiencia de Usuario desde el análisis de la producción científica de las disciplinas del conocimiento. Para la obtención de resultados se emplearon métodos en los niveles teórico y empírico, fundamentalmente el bibliométrico. Se concluye que los estudios de comportamiento informacional de usuarios a nivel internacional contemplan el espacio Web para determinar cómo es la interacción. El análisis de las disciplinas científicas a partir de su producción permitió la identificación de las relaciones en temáticas, instituciones, países, idiomas, entre otras. La relación disciplinar entre relación disciplinar del Comportamiento Informacional Web y la Experiencia de Usuario es incipiente. Existen puntos en común sobre todo en el empleo de técnicas para el estudio de usuario, pero no se concibe explícitamente la relación entre ambas disciplinas. RESUMOO Comportamento da Informação na Web e a Experiência do Utilizador são disciplinas científicas que partilham aspectos comuns. Não existem provas de estudos anteriores que delimitem as relações entre as disciplinas de Comportamento de Informação na Web e Experiência do Utilizador a partir de uma perspectiva métrica. O objectivo do estudo era caracterizar as relações entre as disciplinas de Comportamento de Informação na Web e a Experiência do Utilizador a partir da análise da produção científica das disciplinas de conhecimento. Foram utilizados métodos teóricos e empíricos para obter os resultados, principalmente métodos bibliométricos. Conclui-se que os estudos do comportamento de informação dos utilizadores a nível internacional contemplam o espaço Web para determinar como é a interacção. A análise das disciplinas científicas com base na sua produção permitiu a identificação de relações em assuntos, instituições, países, línguas, entre outros. A relação disciplinar entre o Comportamento de Informação na Web e a Experiência do Utilizador é incipiente. Há pontos em comum, especialmente na utilização de técnicas para o estudo do utilizador, masnão está explicitamente concebida a relação entre ambas as disciplinas. ABSTRACTWeb Informational Behavior and User Experience are scientific disciplines that share common aspects. There are no previous studies that delimit the relationships between the disciplines Web Informational Behavior and User Experience from a metric perspective. The study's objective was to characterize the relationships between the disciplines Web Informational Behavior and User Experience from the analysis of the scientific production of the disciplines of knowledge. To obtain results, methods were used, mainly the bibliometric. It is concluded that the studies of informational behavior of users at an international level contemplate the Web space to determine how the interaction is. The analysis of scientific disciplines from their production allowed the identification of relations around themes, institutions, countries, and languages, among others. The disciplinary relationship between the disciplinary relationship of Web Informational Behavior and User Experience is incipient. There are common points, especially in using techniques for user study, but the relationship between the two disciplines is not explicitly conceived.

Autor analizuje metodologiczną specyfikę takich dziedzin nauki jak kryminalistyka, kryptografia, archeologia czy program SETI, wskazując, że wbrew twierdzeniom zwolenników teorii inteligentnego projektu, którzy utrzymują, iż stosują analogiczną metodologię, teoria ta istotnie się od nich różni na płaszczyźnie metodologicznej i nie posiada znamion naukowości.

En el presente artículo se presenta una reconstrucción del episodio histórico de la cristalización del management industrial a través de la introducción de la Teoría de la Dinámica de Sistemas de Jay Wright Forrester de la Sloan School of Management del MIT. Para ello, se utilizarán explícitamente las herramientas historiográficas provistos por el marco metateórico de Thomas Kuhn, por considerarlo de gran fertilidad para dar cuenta de los episodios de maduración de disciplinas científicas.

Life experiences influence our research and motivate us to ask scientific questions and shape research goals. Here, Trends in Molecular Medicine authors share their journey in science. Their portraits highlight the diversity of scientists and that there is no standard career in science. We hope that these inspiring stories will help to build bridges of understanding between science and society, and motivate others to join the melting pot of scientific disciplines united in Trends in Molecular Medicine.

As the rate at which scientific work is published continues to increase, so does the need to discern high-impact publications. In recent years, there have been several approaches that seek to rank publications based on their expected citation-based impact. Despite this level of attention, this research area has not been systematically studied. Past literature often fails to distinguish between short-term impact, the current popularity of an article, and long-term impact, the overall influence of an article. Moreover, the evaluation methodologies applied vary widely and are inconsistent. In this work, we aim to fill these gaps, studying impact-based ranking theoretically and experimentally. First, we provide explicit definitions for short-term and long-term impact, and introduce the associated ranking problems. Then, we identify and classify the most important ideas employed by state-of-the-art methods. After studying various evaluation methodologies of the literature, we propose a specific benchmark framework that can help us better differentiate effectiveness across impact aspects. Using this framework we investigate: (1) the practical difference between ranking by short- and long-term impact, and (2) the effectiveness and efficiency of ranking methods in different settings. To avoid reporting results that are discipline-dependent, we perform our experiments using four datasets from different scientific disciplines.

The science of cannabis and cannabinoids encompasses a wide variety of scientific disciplines and can appear daunting to newcomers to the field. The encroachment of folklore and ‘cannabis culture’ into scientific discussions can cloud the situation further. This Primer Review is designed to give a succinct overview of the chemistry of cannabis and cannabinoids. It is hoped that it will provide a useful resource for chemistry undergraduates, postgraduates and their instructors, and experienced chemists who require a comprehensive and up to date summary of the field. The Review begins with a brief overview of the history and botany of cannabis, then goes on to detail important aspects of the chemistry of phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinomimetics. Other natural constituents of the cannabis plant are then described including terpenes and terpenoids, polyphenolics, alkaloids, waxes and triglycerides, and important toxic contaminants. A discussion of key aspects of the pharmacology associated with cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system then follows, with a focus on the cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. The medicinal chemistry of cannabis and cannabinoids is covered, highlighting the range of diseases targeted with cannabis and phytocannabinoids, as well as key aspects of phytocannabinoid metabolism, distribution, and delivery. The modulation of endocannabinoid levels through the inhibition of key endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is then discussed. The Review concludes with an assessment of the much touted ‘entourage effect’. References to primary literature and more specialised reviews are provided throughout.

Nanoarchitectonics is a concept envisioned to produce functional materials from nanoscale units through fusion of nanotechnology with other scientific disciplines. For component selection, coordina...

International audience; Background: Decades of research to understand the impacts of various types of environmental occupational and medical stressors on human health have produced a vast amount of data across many scientific disciplines. Organizing these data in a meaningful way to support risk assessment has been a significant challenge. To address this and other challenges in modernizing chemical health risk assessment, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) formalized the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework, an approach to consolidate knowledge into measurable key events (KEs) at various levels of biological organization causally linked to disease based on the weight of scientific evidence (http://oe.cd/aops). Currently, AOPs have been considered predominantly in chemical safety but are relevant to radiation. In this context, the Nuclear Energy Agency’s (NEA’s) High-LevelGroup on Low Dose Research (HLG-LDR) is working to improve research co-ordination, including radiological research with chemical research, identify synergies between the fields and to avoid duplication of efforts and resource investments. To this end, a virtual workshop was held on October 7-8th , 2020 with experts from the OECD AOP Programme together with the radiation and chemical research/regulation communities. The workshop, was a coordinated effort of Health Canada, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). The AOP approach was discussed including key issues to fully embrace its value andcatalyze implementation in areas of radiation risk assessment. Conclusion: A joint chemical and radiological expert group was proposed as a means to encourage cooperation between risk assessors and an initial vision was discussed on a path forward. A global survey was suggested as a way to identify priority health outcomes of regulatory interest for AOP development. Multidisciplinary teams were needed to address the challenge of producing the appropriate data for risk assessments. Data management and machine learning tools were highlighted as a way to progress from weight of evidence to computational causal inference

Within the framework of a nationwide project to boost students’ enrollment in scientific disciplines in Italy, a multilevel science project was designed with a focus on the chemistry of tattoo inks, offering immediate connection with 16–18 year-old high school students. The approach takes into account time constraints, since all sessions have a maximum span of 8 h, and the heterogeneity of the audience, made up of students without background restrictions. Tattoos are perceived as a form of body art and can be conveniently used as the “A” in the STEAM (science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics) methodology. The project involved active lectures and guided inquiry into the simple chemical concepts related to tattoo inks, addressed in practical units with multioutcome experiments and comparative instrumental analysis. The connections with correlated issues, such as norms regarding tattoo ink composition and verification, were also discussed. The efficacy of the tattoo ink Scientific Degree Plan experience was then evaluated through two types of surveys: one on the enjoyment of the plan and the other on mastery of the chemical concepts at the end of the experience.

Muhammad Šakir efendi Muidović, born and bred in Sarajevo, spent almost his entire working life serving as the mufti of Sarajevo. During his lifetime, he collected a valuable library of works from different scientific disciplines, and he bequeathed it in his will to his heirs as evladiyyat waqf (family endowment), provided that his most capable and competent descendants would look after the library. Considering that the descendants did not abide by the waqif’s (endower’s) last will and testament and that they sold out of the library by the middle of the 20th century, this paper focuses on the way in which Mufti Muidović’s library was sold out. Our goal in this paper was to determine the exact number of preserved manuscripts from Mufti Muidović’s library and the place where they are stored and kept today. Moreover, this paper presents the activities that the Islamic community had undertaken in order to safeguard and protect Mufti Muidović’s library, while the appendixes to this paper contain the title and type of the works in Mufti Muidović’s library, registered on the list made by Muhammad Enveri Kadić, which is, to be sure, of major significance, since hitherto conducted research mentions only the number of the works that Mufti Muidović had left to his library.

International audience; Our interest is in the development of modeling activities that link knowledge in various mathematical fields and other scientific disciplines. Looking at mathematics education research we highlight the benefits and limitations of "problem-solving" and of approaches that involve translation between the real world and mathematics. Science education seldom takes mathematics into account. Its contribution is the conception of an "empirical referent". Using epistemological studies, we highlight examples of modeling situations supported by a plurality of models and an organization of work that allows students to engage with them. To do this we adopt the theoretical framework of connected workingspaces. A case study shows how students create linkages between the workspaces and the benefits of the connections on their understanding of concepts at stake.; Nous nous intéressons à la conception d’activités de modélisation pour la mise en relation de connaissances dans divers champs des mathématiques et d’autres disciplines scientifiques. En didactique des mathématiques, nous soulignons les apports, mais aussi les limites des approches "problem solving" et "translation entre réalité et mathématiques". La didactique des sciences prend quant à elle peu en compte les mathématiques. Son apport est dans la conception d’un "référent empirique". A partir d’études épistémologiques, nous privilégions des situations de modélisation s’appuyant sur une pluralité de modèles et une organisation du travail des élèves qui leur permette de confronter ces modèles. Nous adoptons pour cela le cadre théorique des espaces de travail connectés. Un exemple de situation montre comment les élèves créent des connexions entre espaces de travail et les apports de ces connexions à leur compréhension des concepts en jeu.

La neurobiónica es una ciencia que se encuentra limitando entre las ciencias de la salud, las ingenierías y las neurociencias, tomando elementos de dichas disciplinas cientificas, y llegando a configurarse como una ciencia relativamente nueva, lo que ha provocado que sea un campo muy poco conocido, aún entre los profesionales de las ciencias de la salud, sin embargo, no por ello deja de ser una disciplina que por sí misma es una ciencia básica, pero también, una ciencia aplicada. El presente estudio ha empleado dos softwares: CASP y STROBE, para hacer un sondeo por las cuarenta bases de datos de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, con el objeto de revisar los últimos diez años en lo referente a literatura cientifica sobre neurobiónica. Se analizaron seis diferentes ecuaciones para la búsqueda y se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión. El estudio arrojó información y hallazgos que indican que la neurobiónica es un campo sumamente prometedor, tanto para hacer aportaciones para las ciencias de la salud como para las ciencias sociales, dada su enorme versatilidad y capacidad de ejecución de trabajos transdisciplinarios, pues se encuentra en la frontera del conocimiento humano, hasta el punto de obligarnos a repensar la definición de lo que es la especie humana a la luz del uso de tecnologías integradas al sistema nervioso central.

espanolLa compleja terminologia utilizada para la descripcion de los libros medievales en los catalogos de manuscritos y otras contribuciones cientificas da lugar a una amplia gama de posibles ambiguedades y perdidas en todos los idiomas y disciplinas. Estas perdidas se vuelven aun mas evidentes cuando diferentes rutas de recursos se cruzan o se superponen en Internet. Lamentablemente, las verdaderas colaboraciones a largo plazo entre paises y disciplinas son mas la excepcion que la regla, una realidad que tambien explica por que se descuida con frecuencia la importante cuestion de la terminologia y su adecuada traduccion. Las autoras de la presente contribucion, una codicologa italiana y una historiadora del arte alemana, quienes han aportado herramientas de trabajo lexicograficas que han visto varias traducciones, proponen una descripcion completa de las herramientas de trabajo actualmente disponibles (reflexiones teoricas, diccionarios, glosarios multilingues), seguido de una pequena, pero significativa seleccion de ejemplos de omisiones, ambiguedades y otros problemas asociados con la construccion de un lenguaje multilingue compartido en el ambito de los estudios de manuscritos. EnglishThe complex terminology used for the description of medieval books in manuscript catalogues and other scientific contributions gives rise to a wide range of potential ambiguities and losses across languages and disciplines. Such losses become all the more evident when different resource paths intersect or overlap on the Internet. Sadly, true long-term collaborations between countries and disciplines are more the exception than the rule, a reality which also explains why the important question of terminology and its adequate translation is frequently neglected. The authors of the present contribution, an Italian codicologist and a German art historian – both of whom have contributed lexicographical work tools which have seen several translations – propose a thorough overview of the work tools currently available (theoretical reflections, dictionaries, multilingual glossaries), followed by a small but significant selection of examples of omissions, ambiguities and other problems associated with the building of a shared multilingual language in the sphere of manuscript studies.