23 results on '"Schreck, Sabine"'
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2. ITER ECRH Upper Launcher diamond window – Qualification and testing of a Protection Important Component
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Schreck, Sabine, Aiello, Gaetano, Dieterle, Stefan, Gagliardi, Mario, Meier, Andreas, Saibene, Gabriella, Scherer, Theo, and Strauss, Dirk
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Update of the cooling design of the ITER EC upper launcher
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Spaeh, Peter, Aiello, Gaetano, Meier, Andreas, Scherer, Theo, Schreck, Sabine, Strauss, Dirk, Vaccaro, Alessandro, and Weinhorst, Bastian
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- 2017
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4. The role of plastidial phosphoglucomutase in carbon partitioning
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Schreck, Sabine Luise
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631 ,Genetic engineering - Published
- 2002
5. ITER ECRH Upper Launcher: Test plan for qualification of the Diamond Torus Window Prototype III
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Schreck, Sabine, Aiello, Gaetano, Meier, Andreas, Strauss, Dirk, Gagliardi, Mario, Saibene, Gabriella, and Scherer, Theo
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- 2016
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6. Design validation of the ITER EC upper launcher according to codes and standards
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Spaeh, Peter, Aiello, Gaetano, Gagliardi, Mario, Grossetti, Giovanni, Meier, Andreas, Scherer, Theo, Schreck, Sabine, Strauss, Dirk, Vaccaro, Alessandro, and Weinhorst, Bastian
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- 2015
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7. Dielectric properties of single crystalline diamond wafers with large area at microwave wavelengths
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Yamada, Hideaki, Meier, Andreas, Mazzocchi, Francesco, Schreck, Sabine, and Scherer, Theo
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- 2015
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8. Numerical analyses of CVD diamond windows in high power microwave applications
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Aiello, Gaetano, Meier, Andreas, Scherer, Theo, Laqua, H. P., Schreck, Sabine, and Strauss, Dirk
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ddc:620 ,Engineering & allied operations - Abstract
Nuclear fusion reactors require electron cyclotron heating and current drive (EC H&CD) systems for plasma heating and stabilization. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polycrystalline diamond windows on both the torus and gyrotron sides of the reactors act as confinement and/or vacuum boundaries allowing the transmission of high-power microwave beams. For example, the beam power scenarios of 1.5 MW and 2 MW are the current targets considered respectively in Wendelstein 7-X and European DEMO fusion machines. In this work, with reference to both reactors, the numerical analyses required to verify the thermal and structural performance of the windows are discussed. Experimental measurements of loss tangent in diamond provided inputs for the numerical analyses. Sensitivity studies of the windows with respect to loss tangent and other parameters were also carried out to check the temperature reserve margins of the design.
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- 2023
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9. The Double-Disk Diamond Window as Backup Broadband Window Solution for the DEMO Electron Cyclotron System
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Aiello, Gaetano, primary, Gantenbein, Gerd, additional, Jelonnek, John, additional, Meier, Andreas, additional, Scherer, Theo, additional, Schreck, Sabine, additional, Strauss, Dirk, additional, and Thumm, Manfred, additional
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- 2022
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10. Basic considerations for fracture toughness measurements of MPA CVD diamond to be used in nuclear fusion
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Aiello, Gaetano, Scherer, Theo, Meier, Andreas, Schreck, Sabine, and Strauss, Dirk
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ddc:620 ,Engineering & allied operations - Abstract
In nuclear fusion, Microwave Plasma Assisted (MPA) Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) polycrystalline diamond is the only material allowing for transmission of high power microwave beams (1-2 MW) in long-pulse gyrotron operations. The reason lies in the combination of extraordinary thermal, mechanical and optical properties of diamond, which is used in the shape of disks having thickness of 1 to 2 mm for windows. Being diamond a brittle material, failure to fracture is the main failure mode. Accordingly, an appropriate mechanical characterization is required as diamond plays a major safety role in fusion machines. Due to limited body of work in literature, fracture toughness measurements have to be first carried out for this material and then a design criterion for structural integrity assessment has to be applied. In this work, the preliminary activities aiming to define the optimum experimental measurement method of fracture toughness for thin diamond samples are shown and discussed. An outlook to the next steps is also given.
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- 2022
11. Dielectric loss measurements of CVD diamond disks for ITER windows
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Schreck, Sabine, Aiello, Gaetano, Estebanez, Pablo, Meier, Andreas, Strauss, Dirk, and Scherer, Theo
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ddc:620 ,Engineering & allied operations - Abstract
Diamond disks manufactured by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are essential elements of windows of the Electron Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive systems of fusion reactors like ITER. Diamond is selected as window material because of its high mechanical stability, high thermal conductivity and low dielectric loss. Only diamond disks with a low loss tangent guarantee a high transmission, i.e. a low absorption of microwave power in the disk. The latter results in moderate window temperatures and therefore in low thermal stresses. Hence, the measurement of the loss tangent is essential for the qualification of diamond disks for high-power windows. Dedicated measurement facilities (Fabry-Perot resonators) at KIT allow a high resolution measurement of the loss tangent at the disk centre (spherical set-up) as well as a mapping over the disk area to estimate its homogeneity (hemispherical set-up). Within a contract between F4E and KIT more than 60 diamond disks (D=70mm, t=1.11mm) produced similarly by MPA-CVD need to be qualified for their application in the ITER EC-system. The development of a dedicated test plan as well as initial results for the first disks delivered to KIT will be presented.
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- 2022
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12. Large Area Diamond Disk Growth Experiments and Thermomechanical Investigations for the Broadband Brewster Window in DEMO
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Aiello, Gaetano, primary, Avramidis, Konstantinos A., additional, Franke, Thomas, additional, Gantenbein, Gerd, additional, Jelonnek, John, additional, Meier, Andreas, additional, Scherer, Theo, additional, Schreck, Sabine, additional, Strauss, Dirk, additional, Thumm, Manfred, additional, Tran, Minh Quang, additional, Wild, Christoph, additional, and Woerner, Eckhard, additional
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- 2021
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13. MPA CVD diamond in nuclear fusion: dielectric characterization and influence of defects
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Aiello, Gaetano, Scherer, Theo, Meier, Andreas, Schreck, Sabine, and Strauss, Dirk
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ddc:620 ,Engineering & allied operations - Published
- 2021
14. The rug3 locus of pea encodes plastidial phosphoglucomutase (1)
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Harrison, Christopher J., Mould, Ruth M., Leech, Mark J., Johnson, Susan A., Turner, Lynda, Schreck, Sabine L., Baird, Kathleen M., Jack, Peter L., Rawsthorne, Stephen, Hedley, Cliff L., and Wang, Trevor L.
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Peas -- Genetic aspects ,RNA processing -- Analysis ,Growth (Plants) -- Research ,Biological sciences ,Science and technology - Published
- 2000
15. Diamond window technology for EC heating and current drive: state of the art
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Aiello, Gaetano, Scherer, Theo, Avramidis, Konstantinos, Casal, Natalia, Franke, Thomas, Gagliardi, Mario, Ganbeinbein, Gerd, Henderson, Mark, Jelonnek, John, Meier, Andreas, Saibene, Gabriella, Schreck, Sabine, Strauss, Dirk, Thumm, Manfred, Tran, Minh Quang, Wild, Christoph, and Woerner, Eckhard
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ddc:620 ,Engineering & allied operations - Published
- 2018
16. ITER Torus Diamond Window Unit: FEM Analyses and Impact on the Design
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Aiello, Gaetano, primary, Gagliardi, Mario, additional, Meier, Andreas, additional, Saibene, Gabriella, additional, Scherer, Theo Andreas, additional, Schreck, Sabine, additional, Spaeh, Peter, additional, Strauss, Dirk, additional, and Vaccaro, Alessandro, additional
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- 2019
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17. ITER ECRH upper launcher torus diamond window – Prototyping, testing and qualification
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Schreck, Sabine, primary, Aiello, Gaetano, additional, Meier, Andreas, additional, Strauss, Dirk, additional, Ikeda, Ryosuke, additional, Oda, Yasuhisa, additional, Sakamoto, Keishi, additional, Takahashi, Koji, additional, and Scherer, Theo, additional
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- 2015
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18. Durch Tumorzellen induzierte Leukozyten-Migration im Hodgkin Lymphom (HL): prognostische Beeutungvon T-Zelluntergrupen, B-zellen und Epstein-Barr Birus (EBV) Infektion im HL
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Schreck, Sabine
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Lymphozyt ,Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät -ohne weitere Spezifikation ,ddc:570 ,Entzündliches Infiltrat ,Lymphogranulomatose - Abstract
1 Summary 1.1 Background I: Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) is associated with an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infection in 20-50% of all cases in Western countries. Furthermore, it is characterised by the presence of relatively few neoplastic cells, Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, embedded in a background of abundant reactive cells, including lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, and others. The functional role of these tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is controversially discussed. Generally, TIL are considered to represent a host immune response directed against neoplastic cells and a Th1-mediated cytotoxic T-cell response in the tumour cell environment has been shown to be prognostic favourable in several tumour models. By contrast, the Th2-response pattern is considered to promote tumour growth possibly by allowing tumour cells to evade anti-neoplastic immunity. Furthermore, regulatory T-cells (Treg) are considered to have negative effects on prognosis, probably by their ability to inhibit effector cells. It has been suggested that a local accumulation of Th2-cells and Treg provide an explanation as to how HRS cells may escape anti-tumour or anti-viral immunity. 1.2 Hypothesis I: cHL is characterised by a local accumulation of Th2-cells and Treg. We hypothesise that these cells negatively affect the prognosis of cHL patients. 1.3 Experimental design I: Biopsy specimens from 87 patients with cHL were immunostained using antibodies specific for Granzyme B (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, CTL), T-bet (Th1-cells), c-Maf (Th2-cells), FoxP3 (Treg), CD20 (B-cells) and CD21 (follicular dendritic cells). Double labelling immunohistochemistry served to define the nature of cells expressing T-bet, c-Maf and FoxP3. EBER-specific in situ hybridisation was used to determine the EBV-status of HRS cells. TIL subsets were enumerated using a semiautomatic image analysis program. SPSS and the log-rank test were used to evaluate their prognostic impact (overall survival, disease-free survival, event-free survival and 2nd-tumor-free survival). 1.4 Results I: The inflammatory infiltrate of cHL was dominated by c-Maf+ Th2-cells (average 720 cells/mm2) and FoxP3+ Treg (average 653 cells/mm2), whereas Granzyme B+ (GrB) CTL (average 200 cells/mm2) and T-bet+ Th1-cells (average 150 cells/mm2) cells were underrepresented in most cases. Additionally, an average of 0.43/mm2 B-cell follicles was detected in cHL lymph nodes. Large numbers of tumour-infiltrating Th2-cells were associated with a statistically significant improvement of disease-free survival (p=0.021) and event-free survival (p=0.012). A high ratio of Treg over Th2-cells resulted in a significantly shortened disease-free survival (p=0.025). A tendency towards an improved overall survival, disease-free survival and event-free survival was observed, when numerous CD20+ lymphoid follicles were present in the non-neoplastic infiltrate. 48% of all investigated cHL cases were associated with an EBV-infection in HRS cells. Patients with EBV+ cHL showed a tendency towards an increased risk of developing a second neoplasm (p=0.08), though this was not statistically significant. No other effect of EBV on survival parameters was observed. 1.5 Conclusion I: The negative prognostic impact of a loss of Th2-cells from the cHL microenvironment was unexpected since such a microenvironment would be expected to facilitate immune recognition of tumour cells by a CTL response. However, our observation is in agreement with previous studies showing that CTL are prognostically unfavourable in cHL. Our results may indicate that the tumour cells have acquired independence from supporting stimuli provided by Th2-cells. It may be further suggested that Treg may exert inhibitory effects on anti-tumour immune responses mediated through Th2-cells. This notion is supported by the observed improved prognosis associated with large numbers of B-cell follicles present in cHL lymph nodes. 1.6 Background II: The mechanism of how T-cells enter the tumour site is currently investigated in cHL as well as in different types of cancer. Chemotactic stimuli in the tumour cell environment are prerequisite for the recruitment of inflammatory cells. HRS cells have been shown to produce a number of specific chemokines, e.g. MDC/CCL22 and TARC/CCL22, which may support the development of a predominant Treg and Th2-immune response. 1.7 Hypothesis II: In this part of the study, two alternative hypotheses were tested. Firstly, we wanted to asses to what extent chemokines produced by HRS cells in vitro are capable of recruiting TIL to the tumour site of cHL. Secondly, we hypothesised that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HL patients might show a different migration behaviour towards chemotactic stimuli as compared to PBMC from healthy donors. 1.8 Experimental design II: Cell culture supernatants from three EBV-negative cHL derived cell lines (KMH-2, L-428 and HDLM-2) and one EBV-infected cHL derived cell line (KMH2-EBV) were generated and analysed on protein level for their production of chemokines (MCP1/CCL2, RANTES/CCL5, TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22) in Sandwich-ELISA. RNAse protection assay (RPA) was used to analyse the chemokine production of these cells on RNA level. Biopsy specimens of cHL were immunostained using antibodies specific for MDC/CCL22 and TARC/CCL17. RANTES-specific in situ hybridisation was performed for the detection of the chemokine RANTES in vivo. Cell culture supernatants and PBMC from healthy volunteers and HL patients were used in chemotaxis assays. Migrated cells were characterised in fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analyses with antibodies specific for CD4, CD8, CD25 and FoxP3. 1.9 Results II: In vitro investigation on cHL derived cell lines revealed that the Th2 and Treg chemokine TARC/CCL17 was expressed in all cell lines, whereas MDC/CCL22 was only expressed in HDLM-2 cells. In vivo, both chemokines were detected in the majority of cHL cases. Although in vivo never detected in HRS cells but in TIL, all cell lines expressed and secreted RANTES. Due to its chemokine expression profile HDLM-2 cells reflected the in vivo status most closely. EBV-infection of KMH-2 cells did not result in an altered chemokine expression profile. Cell culture supernatants of cHL derived cell lines induced the migration of PBMC with HDLM-2 cells inducing the strongest effect. Again, EBV-status of KMH-2 cells did not affect the chemotactic activity of lymphocytes. Furthermore, chemotaxis assays showed no differences in the migration behaviour of PBMC from HL patients compared to healthy individuals. After migration towards cell culture supernatants of cHL derived cell lines, CD8+ cells and Treg were enriched in PBMC from both healthy and HL donors. 1.10 Conclusion II: The chemokine expression pattern of cHL derived cell lines in vitro differs from those of HRS cells in vivo. Although, cHL derived cell lines are not fully representatives of HRS cells in vivo they are currently the best available tool to investigate the interaction of HRS cells and TIL at a functional level and HDLM-2 cells seem to reflect the in vivo status best. Unexpectedly, EBV-infection of KMH2 cells did not alter the chemokine expression pattern of these cells. Thus, a role for EBV in the induction of chemokine expression in HRS cells in vivo remains questionable. The mechanism by which TIL enter the tumour site seems to depend on chemokines produced by neoplastic HRS cells in cHL. In the present study we saw that chemokine containing cell culture supernatants from cHL derived cell lines induced the migration of PBMC, which resulted in an enrichment of CD8+ and FoxP3+ cells both in healthy persons and HL patients. However, whole lymphocytes or subpopulations of PBMC from HL patients showed no enhanced migration so that an increased sensitivity of patient lymphocytes for migratory stimuli does not seem to contribute to the presence of TIL in cHL. 1 Zusammenfassung 1.1 Hintergrund I: In westlichen Ländern sind 20-50% aller klassischen Hodgkin Lymphome (cHL) Erkrankungen mit einer Epstein-Barr Virus- (EBV-) Infektion assoziiert. Des Weiteren ist das HL durch wenige maligne Zellen, die Hodgkin und Reed-Sternberg (HRS) Zellen, gekennzeichnet, welche von einem ausgiebigen inflammatorischen Infiltrat (Lymphozyten, Eosinophile, Plasmazellen, und andere) umgeben sind. Die funktionelle Rolle dieser Tumor-infiltrierenden Lymphozyten (TIL) wird kontrovers diskutiert. Generell wird vermutet, dass TIL der Ausdruck einer Immunantwort gegen die neoplastischen Zellen ist. In einigen Tumormodellen wurde zum Beispiel gezeigt, dass Th1-vermittelte zytotoxische T-Zellantworten sich prognostisch günstig auswirken. Im Gegensatz dazu wird von Th2-Antworten angenommen, dass sie sich begünstigend auf das Tumorwachstum auswirken, wahrscheinlich indem sie die Tumorzellen darin unterstützen einer gegen den Tumor gerichteten Immunantwort zu entgehen. Des Weiteren geht man davon aus, dass Tumor-infiltrierende regulatorische T-Zellen (Treg) die Prognose negativ beeinflussen, vermutlich durch ihre Fähigkeit Effektor T-Zellen zu inhibieren. Es wird vermutet, dass im HL durch die lokale Anreicherung von Th2-Zellen und Treg die neoplastischen HRS Zellen anti-Tumor und anti-viralen Immunantworten gehen. 1.2 Hypothese I: HL ist durch eine lokale Anreicherung von Th2-Zellen und Treg charakterisiert. Wir haben die Hypothese, dass diese Zellen einen negativen Effekt auf die Prognose von cHL Patienten haben. 1.1 Methoden I: Für diese Arbeit standen Biopsien von 87 in Formalin fixierten und in Wachs eingebetteten klassischen Hodgkin Lymphomen (cHL) zur Verfügung. Mit diesen wurden immunhistochemische Untersuchungen mittels Antikörper spezifisch für Granzym B (zytotoxische T-Lymphozyten, CTL), T-bet (Th1-Zellen), c-Maf (Th2-Zellen) FoxP3 (Treg), CD20 (B-Zellen) und CD21 (follikuläre Dendritische Zellen) durchgeführt. Immunhistochemische Doppelmarkierungen und Immunfluoreszenz-Doppelfärbungen wurden durchgeführt, um die Natur derjenigen Zellen zu bestimmen, die T-bet, c-Maf und FoxP3 exprimieren. Um das Epstein-Barr Virus nachzuweisen, wurde die EBER-spezifische in-situ-Hybridisierung mit radioaktiv markierten Sonden zum Nachweis viraler RNA Transkripte angewandt. Zur Quantifizierung der TIL Untergruppen wurde ein Computer-gestütztes Bildanalysesystem mit der Histo-Software (Fa. Biomas, Erlangen) verwendet. Die prognostische Bedeutung wurde mittels des SPSS-Programmes und des Log-rank Tests evaluiert (Gesamtüberleben, rezidivfreies Überleben, ereignisfreies Überleben und zweittumorfreies Überleben. 1.4 Ergebnisse I: FoxP3+ Treg (durchschnittlich 653 Zellen/mm2) und c-Maf+ Th2-Zellen (durchschnittlich 720 Zellen/mm2) dominierten das entzündliche Infiltrat im HL, wohingegen Granzym B+ CTL (durchschnittlich 200 Zellen/mm2) und T-bet+ Th1-Zellen (durchschnittlich 150 Zellen/mm2) unterrepräsentiert waren. Durchschnittlich fanden sich 0.43/mm2 B-Zellfollikel im HL. Eine große Zahl an Tumor-infiltrierenden Th2-Zellen war mit einer statistisch signifikant verbesserten Prognose für rezidivfreies Überleben (p=0.021) und für ereignisfreies Überleben (p=0.012) assoziiert. Ein hoher Quotient von Treg zu Th2-Zellen resultierte in einem signifikant verkürzten rezidivfreien Überleben (p=0.025). Viele CD20+ Lymphfollikel hatten tendenziell einen günstigen Einfluss auf Gesamtüberleben, rezidivfreies Überleben und ereignisfreies Überleben. 48% aller cHL Fälle waren mit einer EBV-Infektion assoziiert und Patienten mit EBV-positivem HL wiesen tendenziell ein erhöhtes Risiko auf, an einem Zweittumor zu erkranken (p=0.08). Dies war allerdings statistisch nicht signifikant. Andere Effekte von EBV auf die Prognose von cHL Patienten wurden nicht beobachtet. 1.5 Schlussfolgerungen I: Das Fehlen von Th2-Zellen in der Tumorzellumgebung ergab einen unerwartet negativen prognostischen Effekt. Th2-dominierte Immunantworten in Tumoren werden generell als Mechanismus angesehen, wie neoplastische Zellen einer gegen den Tumor gerichteten Immunantwort entgehen und das Fehlen dieser Zellen sollte eigentlich mit einer verbesserten Erkennung von HRS Zellen durch CTL einhergehen. Dennoch sind unsere Beobachtungen im Einklang mit vorangegangen Studien, die gezeigt haben, dass im HL infiltrierende CTL prognostisch ungünstige Marker sind. Unsere Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass die Tumorzellen im HL unabhängig von den wachstumsfördernden Faktoren der Th2-Zellen geworden sind. Des Weiteren gibt es Grund zur Vermutung, dass Treg anti-Tumor Immunantworten hemmen, welche durch Th2-Zellen vermittelt werden. Diese Idee wird auch dadurch unterstützt, dass eine hohe Zahl von B-Zellfollikeln mit einer verbesserten Prognose assoziiert war. 1.5 Hintergrund II: Der Mechanismus, wie TIL Tumoren infiltrieren wird momentan nicht nur im HL, sondern auch in verschiedenen anderen Krebserkrankungen untersucht. In der Tumorzellumgebung sind chemotaktische Stimuli Voraussetzung für die Rekrutierung von TIL. HRS Zellen exprimieren eine Reihe spezifischer Chemokine, z.B. MDC/CCL22 und TARC/CCL17, die wahrscheinlich die Entwicklung einer Th2- und Treg-dominierten Immunantwort begünstigen. 1.7 Hypothese II In diesem Teil der Studie wurden zwei Hypothesen getestet. Zum einen sollte untersucht werden, in wie weit Chemokine, die von HRS Zellen produziert werden, in vitro die Rekrutierung von TIL zur Tumorzellumgebung induzieren. Zum anderen hatten wir die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass periphäre mononukleäre Blutzellen (PBMC) von HL Patienten ein anderes Wanderungsverhalten auf chemotaktische Stimuli aufweisen als PBMC von gesunden Spendern. 1.8 Methoden II: Es wurden Zellkultur-Überstände von drei EBV-negativen cHL abgeleiteten Zelllinien (KMH-2, L-428 und HDLM-2) und einer EBV-infizierten cHL abgeleiteten Zelllinie (KMH2-EBV) generiert. Diese Überstände wurden mittels Sandwich-ELISA hinsichtlich ihrer Produktion von Chemokinen (MCP1/CCL2, RANTES/CCL5, TARC/CCL17 und MDC/CCL22) auf Proteinebene untersucht. Des Weiteren wurde auf RNA-Ebene mittels RNAse protection assay (RPA) die Chemokin-Expression dieser Zellen untersucht. Biopsien von Patienten mit cHL wurden immunhistochemisch gefärbt mittels Antikörper gegen MDC/CCL22 und TARC/CCL17. Zusätzlich wurde eine RANTES-spezifische in situ Hybridisierung an cHL Biopsien durchgeführt. Zum Vergleich der in vitro Daten wurden PBMC von gesunden Spendern und von HL Patienten isoliert und zusammen mit den Zellkulturüberständen für Chemotaxis Assays verwendet. Anschließend wurden die gewanderten Zellpopulationen mittels Antikörper spezifisch für CD4, CD25 und FoxP3 in durchflusszytometrischen Untersuchungen phänotypisiert. 1.9 Ergebnisse II In vitro Untersuchungen an cHL abgeleiteten Zelllinien ergaben, dass alle Zelllinien das Treg und Th2 Chemokin TARC/CCL17 exprimierten, wohingegen MDC/CCL22 in vitro nur von HDLM-2 Zellen exprimiert wurde. In vivo wurden beide Chemokine in der Mehrzahl der cHL Fälle in den HRS Zellen detektiert. Obwohl in vivo RANTES nie in den HRS Zellen gefunden wurde, aber immer in den TIL, wurde dieses Chemokin von allen Zelllinien exprimiert und sekretiert. Aufgrund ihres Chemokin Expressionsmusters reflektierten HDLM-2 Zellen den in vivo Zustand am ehesten. Der EBV-Status von KMH-2 Zellen hatte keinen Einfluss auf das Chemokin Expressionsmuster. Zellkulturüberstände von cHL abgeleiteten Zelllinien induzierten die Migration von PBMC, wobei HDLM-2 Zellen den stärksten Effekt induzierten. Wiederum veränderte der EBV-Status von KMH-2 Zellen das Wanderungsverhalten der PBMC nicht. In Chemotaxis Assays ergaben sich keine Unterschiede für das Wanderungsverhalten von PBMC von gesunden Spendern und HL Patienten. Nach der Wanderung auf die Zellkulturüberstände fand sich eine Anreicherung von CD8+ und FoxP3+ Zellen, sowohl bei gesunden Spendern als auch bei HL Patienten. 1.10 Schlussfolgerung II: Das Chemokin Expressionsmuster von cHL abgeleiteten Zelllinien unterscheidet sich von dem der HRS Zellen in vivo. Obwohl HL abgeleitete Zelllinien nicht den in vivo Zustand von HRS Zellen repräsentieren, sind sie momentan das beste Mittel, um die Interaktion von HRS Zellen und TIL funktionell zu untersuchen. Des Weiteren scheinen HDLM-2 Zellen den in vivo Status am besten wider zu spiegeln. Unerwarteter Weise, veränderte eine EBV-Infektion in KMH-2 Zellen das Chemokin-Expressionsmuster dieser Zellen nicht. Somit bleibt auch die Rolle von EBV bei der Induktion von Chemokin-Expression in HRS Zellen in vivo fraglich. Es scheint, dass der Mechanismus, wie TIL den Tumor infiltrieren auf Chemokine, die von HRS Zellen produziert werden, zurückzuführen ist. In der gegenwärtigen Studie induzierten chemokinhaltige Zellkulturüberstände von cHL abgeleiteten Zelllinien die Wanderung von PBMC, was in einer Anreicherung von CD8+ Zellen und Treg resultierte, sowohl in PBMC von gesunden Spendern als auch in PBMC von HL Patienten. Allerdings zeigten weder PBMC noch PBMC-Subpopulationen von HL Patienten ein verstärktes Wanderungsverhalten. Das heißt eine höhere Sensitivität für chemotaktische Stimuli scheint nicht für die Anwesenheit von TIL im HL verantwortlich zu sein.
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- 2008
19. Preparation and characterization of ceramics laser alloyed with WO3 and CuO nanopowders
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Schreck, Sabine, Sachse, S., Rohde, Magnus, and Publishing Association, EDA
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[PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] - Abstract
A well defined surface layer of a ceramic substrate can be modified by introducing a selected second phase into a melt pool generated locally by a laser beam. CuO, WO3 powders with nano-sized particles were used to alloy alumina and a glass ceramic LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic). Depending on the process parameters the nano-particles were melted during the laser process and solidified during cooling in the ceramic matrix. As a result a composite with complex multiphase microstructure was developed with particle agglomerates, small crystals as well as grains covered with reaction phase, in parts with typical length scales down to the submicron range. Also the geometry of the modified area could be controlled by the process parameters. A significant change of properties could be established for the laser alloyed tracks. Especially the thermal and electrical properties were changed in comparison to that of the ceramic substrate. The developed composites showed a measurable electrical conductivity with a negative temperature coefficient for the resistivity. Therefore, the resistivity decreases with increasing temperature, which is typical for a thermally activated conduction mechanism as in semiconductors. The thermal conductivity could be increased to about 20% for CuO- and up to 70% for WO3-powder compared to the unmodified LTCC-substrate.
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- 2007
20. Thermische und elektrische Leitpfade in Cordierit durch lasergestütztes Dispergieren von metallischen Hartstoffen und Wolfram
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Schreck, Sabine
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ddc:620 ,Engineering & allied operations - Published
- 2003
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21. The ITER EC H&CD Upper Launcher: Analysis of vertical Remote Handling applied to the BSM maintenance
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Grossetti, Giovanni, primary, Aiello, Gaetano, additional, Heemskerk, Cock, additional, Elzendoorn, Ben, additional, Geßner, Robby, additional, Koning, Jarich, additional, Meier, Andreas, additional, Ronden, Dennis, additional, Späh, Peter, additional, Scherer, Theo, additional, Schreck, Sabine, additional, Strauß, Dirk, additional, and Vaccaro, Alessandro, additional
- Published
- 2013
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22. The ITER EC H&CD upper launcher: Structural system
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Spaeh, Peter, primary, Aiello, Gaetano, additional, Gessner, Robby, additional, Grossetti, Giovanni, additional, Meier, Andreas, additional, Scherer, Theo, additional, Schreck, Sabine, additional, Serikov, Arkady, additional, Strauss, Dirk, additional, Vaccaro, Alessandro, additional, and Weinhorst, Bastian, additional
- Published
- 2013
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23. The ITER EC H&CD upper launcher: Design, analysis and testing of a bolted joint for the Blanket Shield Module
- Author
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Gessner, Robby, primary, Aiello, Gaetano, additional, Grossetti, Giovanni, additional, Meier, Andreas, additional, Ronden, Dennis, additional, Spaeh, Peter, additional, Scherer, Theo, additional, Schreck, Sabine, additional, Strauss, Dirk, additional, and Vaccaro, Alessandro, additional
- Published
- 2013
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