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5. Antidegenerative effects of Mg(2+)-valproate in cultured cerebellar neurons

Author

Bruno, V., Sortino, M. A., Scapagnini, U., Ferdinando NICOLETTI, and Canonico, P. L.

Subjects
chemistry/drug effects, Free Radicals, analysis, Cells, Neurotoxins, Glutamic Acid, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, analysis/pharmacology, Cerebellum, Receptors, Animals, Magnesium, Cyclic GMP, Cells, Cultured, Neurons, Cultured, Valproic Acid, metabolism/pharmacology/toxicity, analysis/biosynthesis, Rats, drug effects, Nerve Degeneration, Animals, Calcium, metabolism, Cells, Cultured, Cerebellum, chemistry/drug effects, Cyclic GMP, analysis/biosynthesis, Free Radicals, analysis, Glutamic Acid, metabolism/pharmacology/toxicity, Magnesium, analysis/pharmacology, Nerve Degeneration, drug effects, Neurons, chemistry/drug effects, Neurotoxins, biosynthesis, Rats, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, drug effects, Transfer RNA Aminoacylation, drug effects, Valproic Acid, Calcium, Transfer RNA Aminoacylation, biosynthesis, metabolism
Abstract

We have investigated in the present study the effect of Mg(2+)-valproate on necrotic degeneration induced by an excitotoxic insult in primary culture of cerebellar neurons, that is an homogeneous population of glutamatergic neurons. Mg(2+)-valproate protected cultures against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity, acting as an indirect N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, thus reducing free radical formation and affecting the biochemical parameters (i.e. 45Ca(2+)-influx, cyclic GMP formation, inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and protein kinase C translocation) that undergo modifications following NMDA receptor activation in cerebellar granule cells.

Published
1995

8. Dihydroergocryptine protects from acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat

Author

Pl, Canonico, Maria Angela Sortino, Favit A, Aleppo G, and Scapagnini U

Subjects
Central Nervous System, Neurologic Examination, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Rats, Inbred Lew, Animals, Dihydroergotoxine, Female, Lymphocyte Activation, Prolactin, Rats
Abstract

The effect of dihydroergocryptine, a natural alkaloid derivative which exhibits D2 dopaminomimetic properties, has been studied in Lewis female rats with experimentally induced allergic encephalomyelitis. A chronic treatment with dihydroergocryptine started two days before immunization, induced a dramatic reduction of prolactin levels accompanied by a marked amelioration of neurological signs. In addition, the proliferative activity of splenic lymphocytes induced by the mitogen Concanavalin-A (Con-A) was reduced in dihydroergocryptine-treated animals. It is suggested that this effect is related to the ability of dihydroergocryptine to lower prolactin concentrations or also, partially, to a neuroprotective action of this drug.

Published
1993

9. COLLABORATIVE PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF THE FRAGILE-X SYNDROME - ONE-YEAR PROGRESS REPORT

Author

Sherman, Sl, Barbi, G, Brondumnielsen, K, Brown, Wt, Carpenter, Nj, Chudley, Ae, Ferraz, Op, Ferreira, P, Gustavson, Kh, Halliday, J, Hockey, A, Howardpeebles, Pn, Jenkins, E, Kennerknecht, I, Kahkonen, M, Ladaique, P, Leisti, J, Maddalena, A, Mazurczak, T, Mattei, Jf, Mattina, Teresa, Mckinley, Mj, Murphy, P, Pellissier, Mc, Purvissmith, S, Robinson, H, Scapagnini, U, Schaap, T, Shapiro, Lr, Smits, Apt, Steinbach, P, Turner, G, Uchida, Ia, Vanoost, Ba, Voelckel, Ma, Weaver, Dd, Webb, T., and University of Groningen

Subjects
PARENTAL ORIGIN, FRAGILE-X SYNDROME, MALES, RECURRENCE RISKS, X-LINKED MENTAL RETARDATION, ISOLATED CASE
Abstract

A prospective study of the fragile X syndrome [fra(X)] was initiated one year ago to refine the estimates of recurrence risks based on the phenotype of the mother and the family history of the syndrome. The basic unit of data consists of the description of the conceptus of women known to carry the fra(X) gene or of mothers of an isolated case. To date, information on 261 women and their conceptuses was ascertained primarily through prenatal diagnosis; these data are summarized here. Although tests of significance were limited due to small sample sizes in subgroups, the following trends were observed: 1) the penetrance of fra(X) site expression was 80% in both male and female conceptuses suggesting that fra(X) site expression is equally penetrant early in development; 2) the sex ratio at the time of prenatal diagnosis did not differ from one, indicating that selection against fra(X) fetuses, if any, does not differ among sexes; 3) the recurrence risk among offspring of borderline/mildly retarded mothers was higher than that among offspring of intellectually normal mothers; 4) the recurrence risk in offspring did not differ based on the mother's fra(X) site expression; and 5) the recurrence risk in offspring of mothers with isolated cases was slightly less (34%) than that of obligate carrier mothers (41%) although this was not significant. The potential use of these prospective data on the fra(X) syndrome is emphasized.

Published
1992

11. Pain sensitivity and the immune response

Author

Bernardini, Renato, Barbera, NUNZIATA GIUSEPPA ELISABETTA, Cantarella, Giuseppina, Chiarenza, A, Iurato, M. P., Lanza, S, Mauceri, G, and Scapagnini, U.

Published
1991

32. Influence of hyperprolactinemia induced by adenopituitary transplantation under the kidney capsule on the glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in various brain regions

Author

Nicoletti, F., Di Giorgio, R. M., Patti, F., Rampello, L., Daniele Filippo Condorelli, Amico-Roxas, M., Canonico, P. L., and Scapagnini, U.

Subjects
Animals, Brain, enzymology, Carboxy-Lyases, metabolism, Glutamate Decarboxylase, metabolism, Kidney, physiology, Male, Pituitary Gland, Anterior, physiology/transplantation, Prolactin, blood, Rats, Transplantation, Homologous, kidney, prolactin, brain, enzymology, pituitary gland, anterior, animals, blood, carboxy-lyases, glutamate decarboxylase, homologous, male, metabolism, physiology, physiology/transplantation, rats, transplantation, Pituitary Gland, Anterior, Transplantation, Homologous
Abstract

Glutamic acid decarboxylase activity was assayed in rat substantia nigra, corpus striatum, medial basal hypothalamus and cerebellum under conditions of hyperprolactinemia induced by transplantation of adenopituitary under the kidney capsule. The results indicate that hyperprolactinemia induces a slight increase in the glutamic acid decarboxylase activity of substantia nigra and medial basal hypothalamus and a more evident increase at striatal level. No change was observed in the cerebellum.

Published
1981

35. Hormonal interference in experimental models of depression

Author

Scapagnini, U., Canonico, P. L., Ferdinando Nicoletti, Patti, F., Fiore, L., Tigano, G., Clementi, G., and Gessa, G. L.

Subjects
Depressive Disorder, disease models, Apomorphine, Behavior, Animal, behavior, receptors, Motor Activity, Prolactin, Receptors, Dopamine, Disease Models, Animal, drug effects/physiology, blood, animal, animals, apomorphine, depressive disorder, dopamine, drug effects, haloperidol, humans, motor activity, muscle tonus, pharmacology, physiopathology, prolactin, Muscle Tonus, Animals, Haloperidol, Humans
Published
1982

44. Behavioral effects of calcitonin

Author

Nicoletti, F, Ferrara, N, Bernardini, Renato, Patti, Francesco, Clementi, G, Prato, A, Drago, Filippo, and Scapagnini, U.

Published
1982

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