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Introduction: The data submitted by the Center of Epidemiological Surveillance of the State of São Paulo indicates the number of children affected by infecto-contagious diseases increases yearly. Some of these diseases are considered to be of risk for hearing. Objective: Check and compare the occurrence of risk indicators of the Hearing Loss during the interval of 10 years in a maternity of São Paulo. Method: Quantitative and retrospective study carried out from the research and review of data of registers supplied by a maternity of the city of São Paulo. We surveyed the registers of babies who were born from January through December of the years of 1995 (n=2.077) and 2005 (n=5.129), including those who had risk indicators for deafness and prematurity, low weight and asphyxia, besides having a diagnosis confirmed or suspicion of infecto-contagious diseases of group TORSCH-A. Results: We reviewed reports of 565 children born in 1995, and 1047 born in 2005. Among the risk indicators of deafness, we noticed a significant difference for the indicator of prematurity and asphyxia and there was no significant difference for the low weight indicator. The risk indicators of prematurity, low weight and asphyxia were more frequent than Toxoplasmosis, Syphilis and HIV+. The children born in 1995 tended to have a higher number of risk indicators and/or diseases than those born in 2005 (p

PurposeToday, male and female adult and pediatric cancer patients, individuals transitioning between gender identities, and other individuals facing health extending but fertility limiting treatments can look forward to a fertile future. This is, in part, due to the work of members associated with the Oncofertility Consortium.MethodsThe Oncofertility Consortium is an international, interdisciplinary initiative originally designed to explore the urgent unmet need associated with the reproductive future of cancer survivors. As the strategies for fertility management were invented, developed or applied, the individuals for who the program offered hope, similarly expanded. As a community of practice, Consortium participants share information in an open and rapid manner to addresses the complex health care and quality-of-life issues of cancer, transgender and other patients. To ensure that the organization remains contemporary to the needs of the community, the field designed a fully inclusive mechanism for strategic planning and here present the findings of this process.ResultsThis interprofessional network of medical specialists, scientists, and scholars in the law, medical ethics, religious studies and other disciplines associated with human interventions, explore the relationships between health, disease, survivorship, treatment, gender and reproductive longevity.ConclusionThe goals are to continually integrate the best science in the service of the needs of patients and build a community of care that is ready for the challenges of the field in the future.

Introduction: The antiviral activity of recombinant bovine interferon lambda 3 (bovIFN-λ3) against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been demonstrated in vitro in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells (MDBK) and in vivo in cattle. However, anti-BVDV activity of bovIFN-λ3 has not been studied in bovine respiratory tract epithelial cells, supposedly a primary target of BVDV infection when entering the host by the oronasal route.Methods: Here we investigated the anti-BVDV activity of bovIFN-λ3 in bovine turbinate-derived primary epithelial cells (BTu) using BVDV infection and immunoperoxidase staining, TCID50, RT-qPCR, DNA and transcriptome sequencing, and transfection with plasmids containing the two subunits, IL-28Rα and IL-10Rβ that constitute the bovIFN-λ3 receptor.Results: Our immunoperoxidase staining, RT-qPCR, and TCID50 results show that while BVDV was successfully cleared in MDBK cells treated with bovIFN-λ3 and bovIFN-α, only the latter, bovIFN-α, cleared BVDV in BTu cells. Preincubation of MDBK cells with bovIFN-λ3 before BVDV infection was needed to induce optimal antiviral state. Both cell types displayed intact type I and III IFN signaling pathways and expressed similar levels of IL-10Rβ subunit of the type III IFN receptor. Sequencing of PCR amplicon of the IL-28Rα subunit revealed intact transmembrane domain and lack of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BTu cells. However, RT-qPCR and transcriptomic analyses showed a lower expression of IL-28Rα transcripts in BTu cells as compared to MDBK cells. Interestingly, transfection of BTu cells with a plasmid encoding IL-28Rα subunit, but not IL-10Rβ subunit, established the bovIFN-λ3 sensitivity showing similar anti-BVDV activity to the response in MDBK cells.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the sensitivity of cells to bovIFN-λ3 depends not only on the quality but also of the quantity of the IL-28Rα subunit of the heterodimeric receptor. A reduction in IL-28Rα transcript expression was detected in BTu as compared to MDBK cells, despite the absence of spliced variants or SNPs. The establishment of bovIFN-λ3 induced anti-BVDV activity in BTu cells transfected with an IL-28Rα plasmid suggests that the level of expression of this receptor subunit is crucial for the specific antiviral activity of type III IFN in these cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The effectiveness of the supplementation of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics as a therapeutic approach in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to critically examine the current scientific evidence on the impact of modulating the microbiota, through the use of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, in patients diagnosed with CRC undergoing treatment, to determine the potential therapeutic use of this approach. Methods: This systematic review was made according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing the impact of pre-, pro-, or synbiotic supplementation with placebo or standard care in patients with CRC undergoing treatment. Exclusion criteria were nonhuman studies, non-RCTs, and studies in languages other than English or Portuguese. Six databases were consulted, namely, Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Scopus, Cinahl, MedicLatina and Web of Science until May of 2023. RAYYAN software was used to manage the search results and risk of bias was assessed according to the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration using the Rob 2.0 tool. Results: Twenty-four RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Administration of pre-, pro-, or synbiotics improved surgical outcomes such as the incidence of infectious and non-infectious postoperative complications, return to normal gut function, hospital length of stay, and antibiotic usage. The supplementation of these microorganisms also alleviated some symptoms from chemotherapy and radiotherapy, mainly diarrhea. Evidence on the best approach in terms of types of strains, dosage and duration of intervention is still scarce. Conclusions: Pre-, pro-, and synbiotics supplementation appears to be a beneficial therapeutic approach in CRC treatment to improve surgical outcomes and to alleviate side-effects such as treatment toxicity. More RCTs with larger sample sizes and less heterogeneity are needed to confirm these potential benefits and to determine the best strains, dosage, and duration of administration in each situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals with devastating economic implications. The current FMD vaccine, routinely used in enzootic countries, requires at least 7 days to induce protection. However, FMD vaccination is typically not recommended for use in non-enzootic areas, underscoring the need to develop new fast-acting therapies for FMD control during outbreaks. Interferons (IFNs) are among the immune system's first line of defense against viral infections. Bovine type III IFN delivered by a replication defective adenovirus (Ad) vector has effectively blocked FMD in cattle. However, the limited duration of protection--usually only 1-3 days post-treatment (dpt)--diminishes its utility as a field therapeutic. Here, we test whether polyethylene glycosylation (PEGylation) of recombinant bovine IFNλ3 (PEGboIFNλ3) can extend the duration of IFN-induced prevention of FMDV infection in both vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle. We treated groups of heifers with PEGboIFNλ3 alone or in combination with an adenovirus-based FMD O1Manisa vaccine (Adt-O1M) at either 3 or 5 days prior to challenge with homologous wild type FMDV. We found that pre-treatment with PEGboIFNλ3 was highly effective at preventing clinical FMD when administered at either time point, with or without co-administration of Adt-O1M vaccine. PEGboIFNλ3 protein was detectable systemically for >10 days and antiviral activity for 4 days following administration. Furthermore, in combination with Adt-O1M vaccine, we observed a strong induction of FMDV-specific IFNγ+ T cell response, demonstrating its adjuvanticity when co-administered with a vaccine. Our results demonstrate the promise of this modified IFN as a pre-exposure prophylactic therapy for use in emergency outbreak scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Age-related changes in the mitochondrial status of human cumulus cells (hCCs) impact oocyte quality; however, the relationship between hCC mitochondrial (dys)function and reproductive aging remains poorly understood. This study aimed to establish the interplay between hCC mitochondrial dysfunction and women's reproductive potential. In this investigation, 266 women were enrolled and categorized into two groups based on their age: a young group (<35 years old) and an advanced maternal age (AMA) group (≥35 years old). Comprehensive analysis of reproductive outcomes was conducted in our population. Various mitochondrial-related parameters were analyzed across distinct subsets. Specifically, mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) and mitochondrial mass were examined in 53 samples, mtDNA content in 25 samples, protein levels in 23 samples, bioenergetic profiles using an XF24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer in 6 samples, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in 39 and 43 samples, respectively. In our study, the reproductive potential of AMA women sharply decreased, as expected. Additionally, an impairment in the mitochondrial function of hCCs in older women was observed; however, no differences were found in terms of mitochondrial content. Regarding oxidative phosphorylation, metabolic profiling of hCCs from AMA women indicated a decrease in respiratory capacity, which was correlated with an age-dependent decrease in the ATP synthase (ATP5A1) protein level. However, intracellular ROS and ATP levels did not differ between groups. In conclusion, our study indicates that age-related dysfunction in hCCs is associated with impaired mitochondrial function, and, although further studies are required, ATP synthase could be relevant in this impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a promising therapy in regenerative medicine. However, the lack of standardization in PRP preparation protocols presents a challenge in achieving reproducible and accurate results. This study aimed to optimize the PRP preparation protocol by investigating the impact of two different anticoagulants, sodium citrate (SC) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and resuspension media, plasma versus sodium chloride (NaCl). Platelet recovery rates were calculated and compared between groups, in addition to platelet activity and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) released into plasma after PRP activation. The platelet recovery rate was higher with EDTA in comparison to SC (51.04% vs. 29.85%, p = 0.005). Platelet activity was also higher, with a higher expression of two platelet antibodies, platelet surface P-Selectin (CD62p) and PAC-1, in the EDTA group. The concentration of VEGF was higher with SC in comparison to EDTA (628.73 vs. 265.44 pg/mL, p = 0.013). Platelet recovery rates and VEGF levels were higher in PRP resuspended in plasma when compared to NaCl (61.60% vs. 48.61%, p = 0.011 and 363.32 vs. 159.83 pg/mL, p = 0.005, respectively). Our study reinforces the superiority of EDTA (as anticoagulant) and plasma (for resuspension) in obtaining a higher platelet recovery and preserving platelet functionality during PRP preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many capital cities are expanding bicycle lanes or investing in public bike-sharing systems to make cycling mobility a viable transport solution within urban areas. While bicycles are fit for short-distance trips (<15 minutes), their attractiveness declines for longer trips (Ton et al., 2020; Handy et al., 2014; Jäppinen et al., 2013). So, it is opportune to estimate to what extent the accessibility can be increased when intermodal solutions are available. In this paper, a quantitative analysis of different mobility scenarios is conducted. The aim is to evaluate how time travel and accessibility to amenities by bike, can be improved if public transportation such, as the train, is considered. The analysis uses open data and detailed GIS-based network analysis to examine the spatial relationship between transport opportunities, travel time and amenities access in Lisbon, Portugal. Three mobility scenarios are considered: in the first scenario, short-distance trips by bike from home are evaluated (15-minute travel). Then, to evaluate the contribution in time travel of potential modal shift (bike and train) vs individual car, second and third scenarios are presented considering longer distance travels within the city of Lisbon, during peak hours. Results suggest that for longer trips, the combined use of bicycle and train infrastructure can be a faster or more convenient alternative to individual car use. Also, multimodal cycling can expand riders' area of influence and thus increase the accessibility to opportunities. So, people living near train stations can beneficiate from a "potential" proximity to a diversity of amenities that are geographically more distant. In Lisbon, 34% of the population live within the 10-minute bicycle catchment areas around the 8 train stations from Cintura Line and can thus benefit from this combination of transport modes. City planners can use this methodology to prioritize spaces where investing in accessibility can have the largest impact in terms of improving connections between homes and destinations. This methodology, developed and tested in Lisbon, can be applied in other cities to support planning interventions regarding sustainable transport alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]