Search

Tracking and measuring national carbon footprints is one of the keys to achieving the ambitious goals set by countries. According to statistics, more than 10% of global transportation carbon emissions result from shipping. However, accurate tracking of the emissions of the small boat segment is not well established. Past research has begun to look into the role played by small boat fleets in terms of Greenhouse Gases (GHG), but this either relies on high-level technological and operational assumptions or the installation of Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) sensors to understand how this vessel class behaves. This research is undertaken mainly in relation to fishing and recreational boats. With the advent of open-access satellite imagery and its ever-increasing resolution, it can support innovative methodologies that could eventually lead to the quantification of GHG emissions. This work used deep learning algorithms to detect small boats in three cities in the Gulf of California in Mexico. The work produced a methodology named BoatNet that can detect, measure and classify small boats with leisure boats and fishing boats even under low-resolution and blurry satellite images, achieving an accuracy of 93.9% with a precision of 74.0%. Future work should focus on attributing a boat activity to fuel consumption and operational profile to estimate small boat GHG emissions in any given region. The data curated and produced in this study is freely available at https://github.com/theiresearch/BoatNet.

La Parada Cardiorrespiratoria (PCR) es un problema de salud pública en los países desarrollados. De acuerdo con La Sociedad Española de Resucitación, en España hay alrededor de treinta mil muertes al año y unos veinte mil intentos de resucitación, y aun así hasta hace muy poco los alumnos de Medicina no recibían formación reglada en Soporte Vital Avanzado (SVA). Con la introducción en 2018 de una nueva asignatura afrontamos este problema, y sin embargo nos encontramos con que no está establecido qué tipo de Soporte Vital es el adecuado para nuestros estudiantes. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar de manera comparativa el nivel de adquisición de competencias en SVA y SVI y su evolución temporal en estudiantes de quinto y sexto de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada (UGR). Para alcanzar este objetivo, obtuvimos datos en una primera evaluación de los alumnos de medicina que participaron en la asignatura optativa de SVA en la Universidad de Granada durante los meses de Octubre y Noviembre (2019). Meses después, se llevó a cabo una nueva re evaluación durante los meses de Febrero y Marzo de 2020 a la misma muestra de estudiantes, gracias a la cual obtuvimos los datos para la comparación. Dichos datos mostraron que el nivel de adquisición de competencias en SVI supera al de las competencias que componen el SVA y, además, el efecto de la Curva del Olvido para las competencias incluidas en el SVI es menor. De esta manera, se puede concluir que las competencias que componen el SVI presentan un mayor nivel de adquisición, y un menor efecto de la Curva del Olvido y por tanto deberían ser las que pasaran a formar parte de la formación para los estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada. Cardiac arrest (CA) is a major public health problem in developed countries. According to the Spanish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Council, in Spain there are around thirty thousand deaths a year and about twenty thousand resuscitation attempts, and yet until very recently medical students did not receive formal training in Advanced Life Support (ALS). With the introduction in 2018 of a new subject, we faced the problem of not having established what type of Life Support was appropriate for our students. As a result, the aim of this study is to analyze in a comparative way the degree of acquisition of competences in ALS and Immediate Life Support (ILS) and their temporal evolution by the students of fifth and sixth year (Medicine Degree) of the University of Granada (UGR). To achieve that aim, we obtained the data in an initial evaluation to the medical students who enrolled in the optional subject of Advanced Life Support in the Faculty of Medicine (UGR), during the months of October and November (2019). This evaluation was carried out by external evaluators and was based on the ERC 2015 guidelines. Months later, a reassessment that was carried out during the months of February and March 2020 to the same sample of students gave us the data for the comparison. Data showed that the degree of acquisition of competencies related to the ILS exceeds the level of acquisition of the competences included within the ALS, and that the effect of the Oblivion Curve for the competences included in the ILS is lower than those included in the ALS. We could conclude that the competences that are integrated within the ILS present a higher level of acquisition and a lesser effect on the forgetting curve, so they should become part of the curricular content of the UGR Medical Degree.

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) offers negligible NOx and SOx emissions as well as reductions in CO2 compared with other liquid hydrocarbons. LNG is a significant player in the global energy mix, with a projection of 40% increase in demand for the next two decades. It is anticipated that the expected rise in demand will cause the fleet of LNG carriers (LNGC) to expand. This work concentrates on steam-powered LNGC, which accounted for 47% of the LNGC fleet in 2018. It performs an empirical analysis of continuous monitoring data that provide high levels of accuracy and transparency. The analysis is done on data collected from 40 LNGCs for over a year to estimate the fleet's operational profile, fuel mix and energy performance. The findings of this work are relevant for bottom-up analysis and simulation models that depend on technical assumptions, but also for emission studies such as the upcoming Fourth International Maritime Organization Greenhouse Gases study.

La parada cardiorrespiratoria (PCR) es un problema de salud pública en los países desarrollados. Sin embargo, hasta no hace mucho tiempo las Facultades de Medicina españolas no ofrecían a sus estudiantes formación en Soporte Vital Avanzado (SVA) y por esta razón, no está establecido el tipo de formación más apropiado para el alumnado de esta titulación (SVA vs Soporte Vital Inmediato (SVI)). En 2018, la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada (UGR) implanta una nueva asignatura optativa centrada en la formación por competencias en SVA. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue analizar el grado de adquisición de las competencias adquiridas en SVA vs SVI por los estudiantes de Medicina matriculados en esta asignatura optativa de SVA (UGR) y el efecto de la Curva del Olvido a través del tiempo. Para ello, los estudiantes que se matricularon en dicha asignatura recibieron inicialmente formación online basada en las guías del European Resuscitation Countil (ERC) de 2015. Una vez finalizada, durante los meses de marzo y abril en 2019 (grupo 1), octubre y noviembre de 2019 (grupo 2) y octubre y noviembre de 2020 (grupo 3) se llevaron a cabo 9 talleres para cada grupo de aproximadamente 1 hora cada uno. Posteriormente, se realizó una evaluación inicial a cada grupo. Tres meses después se desarrollaron las revaluaciones, que aportaron los datos para la comparación. Tanto las evaluaciones iniciales como las revaluaciones se realizaron gracias a evaluadores auditores externos, empleando la misma metodología y en base a las guías del ERC de 2015. Los datos mostraron que el efecto de La Curva del Olvido para las competencias incluidas en el SVI es menor que para aquellas incluidas en el SVA, de manera que se podría concluir que, dado que el grado de adquisición de las competencias incluidas en el SVI es más elevado que en el SVA, y la Curva del Olvido es menor para estas mismas competencias (SVI), la enseñanza del SVI debería de contemplarse en el Plan Formativo de los estudiantes del Grado en Medicina. Los resultados de este trabajo hacen posible el inicio de estudios más avanzados en diferentes áreas geográficas con el objetivo de validar lo obtenido en nuestro estudio y apostar por el desarrollo de una formación específica en SVI para los estudiantes del Grado en Medicina., Tesis Univ. Granada.

Tropical coastal areas are characterised by high levels of wind and solar resources with large potentials to be utilised for low-energy building design. This paper presents a multi-objective optimisation framework capable of evaluating cost-efficient and low-exergy coastal building designs considering the influence of the thermal breeze. An integrated dynamic simulation tool has been enhanced to consider the impacts of the sea-land breeze effect, aiming at potentiating natural cross-ventilation to improve occupant's thermal comfort and reduce cooling energy demand. Furthermore, the technological database considers a wide range of active and passive energy conservation measures. As a case study, a two-storey/two-flat detached social house located in the North-Pacific coast of Mexico has been investigated. The optimisation problem has considered the minimisation of: i. annual exergy consumption, ii. life cycle cost, and iii. thermal discomfort. Optimisation results have shown that adequate building orientation and window opening control to optimise the effects of the thermal breeze, combined with other passive and active strategies such as solar shading devices, an improved envelope's physical characteristics, and solar assisted air source heat pumps have provided the best performance under a limited budget. Compared to the baseline design, the closest to utopia design has increased thermal comfort by 93.8% and reduced exergy consumption by 10.3% whilst increasing the life cycle cost over the next 50 years by 18.5% (from US$39,864 to US$47,246). The importance of renewable generation incentives is further discussed as a counter effect measure for capital cost increase as well as unlocking currently high-cost low-exergy technologies.

espanolObjetivos: Estimar la incidencia de ITU en embarazadas de un centro de salud urbano que fueron estudiadas entre enero 2017 y junio 2018, detectando el germen mas frecuentemente implicado y distinguiendo entre persistencia/recurrencia. Conocer las complicaciones en embarazadas derivadas de haber sufrido algun episodio de ITU. Material y metodo: Estudio observacional retrospectivo que se llevo a cabo en centro de salud urbano. Muestra: 79 mujeres embarazadas que tuvieron un seguimiento completo de su gestacion en el centro de salud y en el periodo de tiempo indicado. Variables: Seguimiento correcto del proceso, urocultivos positivos, germen implicado, episodios de persistencia/recurrencia y complicaciones tanto no obstetricas (pielonefritis aguda (PNA)) como obstetricas (bajo peso al nacer, parto pretermino y mortalidad perinatal). Resultados: Seguimiento correcto del proceso en un 96,2 % de embarazos. Incidencia de ITU del 14%. Germen implicado mas frecuente: Escherichia coli con una incidencia mayor del 45% y Klebiella con un 27%. Aparece un episodio de persistencia de Streptococo agalactiae y una recurrencia. Un episodio de PNA, lo que supone un 9% de complicaciones. Conclusiones: Encontramos una incidencia de ITU mayor a la descrita en la literatura. Germen implicado con mayor frecuencia: Escherichia coli. Aparece una complicacion por PNA sin darse complicaciones obstetricas. EnglishObjectives: To estimate the incidence of UTI in pregnant women from an urban health center who were studied between January 2017 and June 2018, detecting the germ most frequently involved and distinguishing between persistence / recurrence. To know the complications in pregnant women derived from having suffered an episode of UTI. Material and method: Retrospective observational study that took place in an urban health center. Sample: 79 pregnant women who had a complete follow-up of their pregnancy in the health center and in the period of time indicated. Variables: Correct follow-up of the process, positive urine cultures, germ implicated, episodes of persistence / recurrence and both non-obstetric complications (acute pyelonephritis (PNA)) and obstetric (low birth weight, preterm delivery and perinatal mortality). Results: Correct follow-up of the process in 96.2% of pregnancies. ITU incidence of 14%. The most frequent implicated germ: Escherichia coli with an incidence higher than 45% and Klebiella with 27%. An episode of Streptococcus agalactiae persistence and recurrence appears. An episode of ANP, which represents 9% complications. Conclusions: An incidence of UTI greater than that described in the literature was found. Germ most frequently implicated: Escherichia coli. A complication appears for PNA without obstetric complications.

Cardiac arrest (CA) is a major public health problem in developed countries.According to the Spanish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Council, in Spain there arearound thirty thousand deaths a year and about twenty thousand resuscitation attempts,and yet until very recently medical students did not receive formal training in AdvancedLife Support (ALS). With the introduction in 2018 of a new subject, we faced the problemthat it was not established what type of Life Support was appropriate for our students. Asa result, the aim of this study is to analyze in a comparative way the degree of acquisitionof competences in ALS and Immediate Life Support (ILS) and their temporal evolution by he students of fifth and sixth year (Medicine Degree) of the University of Granada (UGR).To achieve that aim, we obtained the data in an initial evaluation to the medical studentswho enrolled the optional subject of Advanced Life Support in the Faculty of Medicine(UGR), during the months of October and November (2019). This evaluation was carriedout by external evaluators and was based on the ERC 2015 guidelines. Months later, areassessment that was carried out during the months of February and March 2020 to thesame sample of students gave us the data for the comparison. Data showed that the degreeof acquisition of competencies related to the ILS exceeds the level of acquisition of thecompetences included within the ALS, and that the effect of the Oblivion Curve for thecompetences included in the ILS is lower than those included in the ALS. We couldconclude that the competences that are integrated within the ILS present a higher level ofacquisition and a lesser effect on the forgetting curve, so they should be the ones becomingpart of the curricular content of the UGR Medical Degree. La Parada Cardiorrespiratoria (PCR) es un problema de salud pública en los países desarrollados. De acuerdo con La Sociedad Española de Resucitación, en España hay alrededor de treinta mil muertes al año y unos veinte mil intentos de resucitación, y aun así hasta hace muy poco los alumnos de Medicina no recibían formación reglada en Soporte Vital Avanzado (SVA). Con la introducción en 2018 de una nueva asignatura afrontamos este problema, y sin embargo nos encontramos con que no está establecido qué tipo de Soporte Vital es el adecuado para nuestros estudiantes. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar de manera comparativa el nivel de adquisición de competencias en SVA y Soporte Vital Inmediato (SVI) y su evolución temporal en estudiantes de quinto y sexto de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada (UGR). Para alcanzar este objetivo, obtuvimos datos en una primera evaluación de los alumnos de medicina que participaron en la asignatura optativa de SVA en la Universidad de Granada durante los meses de Octubre y Noviembre (2019). Esta evaluación se llevó a cabo a través de evaluadores externos y en base a las variables que recoge la ERC de 2015. Meses después, se llevó acabo una nueva re evaluación durante los meses de Febrero y Marzo de 2020 a la misma muestra de estudiantes, gracias a la cual obtuvimos los datos para la comparación. Dichos datos mostraron que el nivel de adquisición de competencias en SVI supera al de las competencias que componen el SVA y, además, el efecto de la Curva del Olvido para las competencias incluidas en el SVI es menor. De esta manera, se puede concluir que las competencias que componen el SVI presentan un mayor nivel de adquisición, y un menor efecto de la Curva del Olvido y por tanto deberían ser las que pasaran a formar parte de la formación para los estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada.

In the present work the effect of the presence of soluble and insoluble protein on the stability of oil-water emulsions prepared with amaranth protein isolates (API) was analyzed. For this purpose, four types of emulsions were prepared: API-pH2 and API-pH6.3 dispersions and solutions. At pH 2.0 the amaranth proteins present higher solubility, are denatured and partially hydrolyzed; while at pH 6.3 its solubility is lower and its structure is more similar to the native protein. The soluble proteins present in API-pH2 and API-pH6.3 reduce with equal intensity the interfacial tension. However, the proteins present in API-pH2 are adsorbed twice as fast as those present in API-pH6.3, with equal rearrangement rate at the oil/water interface. Both, solutions and dispersions of API-pH2 and API-pH6.3 allow the formation of oil-in-water emulsions. Flocculation phenomena are evident, particularly in the case of API-pH6.3 dispersions. The calculated creaming-flocculation constant demonstrates that stability of emulsions increase with protein concentration and with the decrease of pH. The behaviour of API-pH2 and API-pH6.3 solutions was similar to that corresponding to the dispersions discarding a negative effect of the insoluble protein on the emulsifying properties of amaranth proteins., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos

The aim of this work was to analyse the hypotensive effect of amaranth protein/peptides on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The mechanism of action of these peptides was studied in vivo and ex vivo. We also tested the effect of protection against gastrointestinal digestion (GID) exerted by an O:W emulsion on the integrity of the antihypertensive peptides. All samples tested produced a decrease in blood pressure (SBP). The animals treated with emulsion (GE) and emulsion + peptide (GE+VIKP) showed the most significant reduction in the SBP (42 ± 2 mmHg and 35 ± 2 mmHg, respectively). The results presented suggest that after GID, a variety of peptides with biological activities were released or were resistant to this process. These peptides play a role in the regulation of the SBP by acting on plasma ACE, plasma renin and the vascular system. These results support the use of amaranth protein/peptides in the elaboration of functional foods for hypertensive individuals., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas

We analyze the possibility of using the emulsifying properties of amaranth proteins and the bioactivity shown by peptide sequences encrypted in these proteins to formulate functional emulsions with angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. For this we formulate O:W emulsions, 20:80, from a mixture in equal parts (50:50) of amaranth protein isolates (API), and hydrolysates (AH) at 1 and 2% protein w/v. Results obtained showed that these emulsions, API50-AH50-1% and API50-AH50-2%, are highly flocculated (Flocculation index: 8.2 and 5.9) and stable at least for 8 days, without evident creaming or coalescence. The components present in the emulsions were capable of inhibiting ACE, in in vitro assays (IC₅₀ of 0.14 ± 0.02 mg/mL). API and API50-AH50 emulsions were subjected to a simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. The emulsions were susceptible to aggregation and coalescence phenomena during this process, which could be a consequence of the chaotropic action of the bile salt on the interface and the proteolytic and lipolytic action of pancreatin and lipase, respectively (D₄.₃ of original emulsion: 1.22 ± 0.01 μm and D₄.₃ of digested emulsion 79.5 ± 17.1 μm). We also found that amaranth proteins were more resistant to gastric than duodenal digestion. After the process of simulated gastrointestinal digestion, the inhibition of ACE (IC₅₀ of 0.13 ± 0.07 mg/mL) was maintained. This fact evidences the protective effect of the emulsion on the bioavailability of the ACE inhibitory peptides, by either their participation in the formation of the interfacial film and/or their participation in the network of formed flocs., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos

This paper considers the practical application of exhaust gas waste heat recovery from the main engines of merchant ships. A water-based Rankine Cycle is used as a baseline and this is compared with five organic Rankine cycle systems using benzene, heptane, hexamethyldisiloxane, toluene and R245fa. The thermodynamic model of the waste heat recovery system is described. This is then applied in a case study utilising an Aframax tanker. The case study allows the comparison of the different waste heat recovery systems in more realistic scenarios. The efficiency of the different systems is compared as well as their potential to reduce CO2 emissions, ship impact, and economic viability are also discussed. The paper closes with consideration of the safety and regulatory issues associated with the use of organic fluids in the marine environment.

Electro-Turbo-Compounding (ETC) is a system whereby energy contained in the hot gas of a diesel-engine exhaust is partially recovered through its conversion via a high-speed gas turbine driven alternator into electrical energy. ETC makes a diesel-engine system work more cleanly and effectively thereby improving power density and fuel efficiency. The technology is equally suited to new-build and retrofit applications. Applications to date have been extensive in the 150 kW – 2 MW range and the 10 MW – 20 MW but almost exclusive to shore-based power stations across the world. This paper reports on the progress of an Innovate UK funded project (2015-18) to develop ‘marinised’ units with partners UCL, Bowman Power Group Ltd., Lloyd’s Register and Rolls Royce PLC. With an expectation on the shipping industry (including naval ships) to reduce their carbon footprint the ETC is suitable for marine engineering application in those ships not easily able to use the conventional Rankine Cycle exhaust gas waste heat recovery system. The paper discussions include the design, modelling and practical testing approaches, results on performance for various arrangements for propulsion and electrical power, and importantly the integration challenge to ensure NOx Compliance and Certification. Within the paper discussion is also made about the financial aspects for propulsion and electric generation applications. The operating profile of different vessels gives different paybacks which are particularly favourable at times of rising fuel prices.

The objective of this paper is to design organic Rankine cycle units that are cooled by air or seawater and show the changes in net power output and power requirement as the ambient air temperatures change both geographically and seasonally. The organic Rankine cycle unit uses the available waste heat from the scavenge air system for a 4,100 TEU container ship. This work uses a two-step single objective optimisation capable of selecting 14 design characteristics of the organic Rankine cycle unit and with the aim of minimising the vessel’s CO2 emissions. The work contributes to the study of off-design operation and different cooling fluids for marine waste heat recovery systems. The results show that the organic Rankine cycle unit is more adaptable to ambient air temperatures when using seawater as a cooling fluid while air is an attractive option for extremely low ambient temperatures.

En base a: - La información disponible sobre la baja biodisponibilidad de la mayoría de los péptidos en condiciones fisiológicas debido a su reducida absorción y rápida eliminación, consecuencia de los procesos de ingestión, digestión y absorción; - La relevancia que tendría disponer de conocimientos relacionados con la estabilidad de péptidos bioactivos durante el transporte gastrointestinal para el desarrollo de ingredientes y/o alimentos funcionales con efectos en la salud del consumidor; se propone como objetivo general del presente trabajo de tesis: - Desarrollar sistemas transportadores de péptidos bioactivos que mejoren su biodisponibilidad sin afectar su actividad fisiológica y desarrollar una matriz alimentaria formulada a base de amaranto con actividad funcional., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

El estudio del paisaje urbano de Tisaleo, en la región interandina del Ecuador, es objeto de una investigación cuyo fin es el desarrollo de un ecoturismo que gravite alrededor del mestizaje intercultural y los recursos naturales y paisajísticos característicos de la zona. A pesar de que el Plan de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial (PDOT) del municipio presenta un escenario de pervivencia y conservación de la arquitectura tradicional, los fenómenos de globalización recientes han propiciado un proceso de pérdida progresiva de la identidad idiosincrática de los pueblos andinos, que ha acarreado la destrucción y abandono de sus manifestaciones arquitectónicas más representativas. El artículo analiza este legado constructivo desde la perspectiva de la conformación de un paisaje cultural, acorde a los principios de la la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO), y pone en valor el rol que un patrimonio arquitectónico característico puede desempeñar como agente complementario de un proceso de desarrollo de ecoturismo. This study of the urban landscape of Tisaleo, in the Inter-Andean region of Ecuador, is aimed at informing the development of eco-tourism activities revolving around intercultural mix, natural resources and typical landscapes in the area. In spite of the fact that the city’s Land Management and Development Plan (PDOT) considers the survival and conservation of traditional architecture, globalization has led to a growing loss of the idiosyncratic identity of Andean peoples, resulting in the destruction and abandonment of their most relevant architectural representations. The study discusses this construction legacy from the viewpoint of the arrangement of a cultural space, under the principles of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and values the role that a typical architecture heritage can play as a complementary agent in ecotourism development processes. Proyecto Prometeo de la Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de la República del Ecuador 0.187 SJR (2016) Q2, 38/117 Architecture; Q3, 78/138 Urban Studies UEC

Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es analizar la curva del olvido en el aprendizaje del Soporte Vital Básico en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Granada. Material y métodos: Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo transversal, que establece como población diana a los estudiantes de Grado de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada que cursan cuarto y quinto curso. Periodo de estudio comprendido entre octubre de 2015 y enero de 2017.Se emplearon los datos obtenidos en una evaluación inicial que se realizó en la Facultad de Medicina, y los de una reevaluación que se les realizó a una muestra de cada uno de los cursos. Se incluyeron en el estudio de forma voluntaria todos los alumnos matriculados en la asignatura bases de la medicina interna II para cada uno de los cursos académicos. El análisis se realizó utilizando medidas de tendencia central, tablas de frecuencias y posteriormente se realizó un análisis estadístico mediante la Prueba T de Student. Resultados: Los alumnos de cuarto consiguieron una media en la primera evaluación de 13,91 sobre 15 puntos, mientras que en la segunda la media fue de 13,81. Por otro lado, los alumnos de quinto consiguieron una media de 13,80 en la primera evaluación y una de 13,18 en la reevaluación. Estos datos nos hablan de que, a pesar de que los cursos resultaron muy satisfactorios en ambos cursos, encontramos un mayor impacto de la curva del olvido en alumnos que llevan más tiempo sin realizar un reciclaje en Soporte Vital Básico. Conclusiones: A pesar de existir una disminución de los conocimientos y habilidades relacionados con la práctica del soporte vital al año de recibir la formación específica en ambos grupos, no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas para los sujetos de nuestro grupo que obliguen a establecer programas de reciclaje entre seis y nueve meses como establecen las recomendaciones actuales. A la luz de nuestro estudio, recomendamos el desarrollo de programas específicos de reciclaje en períodos de tiempo superiores a los doce meses después de recibir la formación inicial., Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the oblivion curve after the learning of Basic Life Support (BLS) in medicine students from the University of Granada. Method: This was an observational, transversal descriptive study, which established as target population students from the Faculty of Medicine (University of Granada) who attended fourth and fifth year. The Study period comprised between October 2015 and January 2017. The data which was used was obtained in an initial evaluation that was done at the Faculty of Medicine and in a re-evaluation which was applied to a selected sample of students from each year. All the students included voluntarily in the study were enrolled in the subject Internal Medicine II. The analysis was carried out using measures of central tendency, frequency tables and after that, a statistical analysis using the Student´s T-test. Results: Fourth year students obtained an average in the first evaluation of 13,91 over 15 points, while in the second evaluation it was 13,81. Meanwhile, fifth year students achieved an average of 13,80 in the first evaluation and of 13,18 in the re-evaluation. This data speak of very satisfactory results for students in both years, although the impact of the oblivion curve is higher in students who have spent more time without taking a recycling course of BLS. Conclusions:.Even though there is a decrease of knowledge and abilities related to the practice of basic life support a year after receiving the specific training in both groups, there are not differences statistically significant for the subjects of our group that would make us establish recycling programs after six or nine months, as advice the actual recommendations. 2.Based on the results we obtained, we would recommend the development of specific recycling programs in periods of time bigger than twelve months after receiving the initial training.

As Arctic sea ice coverage declines it is expected that marine traffic could increase in this northern region due to shorter routes. Navigating in the Arctic offers opportunities and challenges for waste heat recovery systems (WHRS). Lower temperatures require larger heating power on board, hence a larger demand for waste heat usage, to cover services and maintaining on board spaces temperatures. However, a lower heat rejection temperature increases the WHRS thermal efficiency. The air temperature for the Arctic route selected is colder than that of the seawater, opening the opportunity of having air as coolant. This paper explores the use of two different coolants, air and seawater, for an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) unit using the available waste heat in the scavenge air system of a container ship navigating in Arctic Circle. Using a two-step single objective optimisation process, detailed models of air and seawater heat exchangers are evaluated as the WHRS condensers. The results suggest that an ORC unit using R1233zd(E) as its working fluid coupled with seawater as its coolant is the preferable option to reduce CO2 emissions. Using the ambient air as the coolant while a less effective option could be cheaper to install.

¿Cuál es la importancia del curso? ¿Qué es lo que ellos deben hacer? Cuál es la razón de que sea necesario que cada vez más gente que no pertenece al ámbito sanitario sea capaz de realizar la Reanimación Cardiopulmonar. Pero, sobre todo, cómo. Cómo pueden ellos transmitir la información que previamente se les ha dado, cómo deben conseguir el interés de sus futuros discentes. Cómo la mayor parte de paradas cardiorrespiratorias ocurren en el ambiente extra-hospitalario y cómo, por ello, los equipos sanitarios no suelen llegar a tiempo. Cómo ellos pueden ser parte de la solución que se intenta dar a este problema. Cómo. La pregunta de este curso no es el qué, es el cómo.

"In this paper we solve the stabilization problem of the strongly damping inertia wheel pendulum around its unstable equilibrium. The stabilization is accomplished by using nested saturation functions. The use of nested saturation function is possible because this system can be rewritten approximately as a chain of integrators with and nonlinear perturbation. The proposed control strategy makes the closed-loop system globally asymptotically and locally exponentially stable around the unstable inverted vertical position, even when the physical damping is presented in the model."

espanolCon el advenimiento de las computadoras digitales y la manifestacion de su uso fue posible viabilizar el analisis matricial de las estructuras. Se han desarrollado matrices de rigidez para elementos con diferentes tipos de restricciones. En este travajo se desarrollara la matriz de rigidez de un elemento para analizar una estructura que tiene una barra apoyada de esta manera. Se realizara una comprobacion de los resultados, analizando la estructura usando un metodo clasico no matricial y se compararan los resultados. Al final se llega a conclusiones que conduciran a una definicion mas exacta del termino "rigidez". EnglishWith the advent of digital computers and the manifestation of their use it was possible to make possible the matrix analysis of the structures. Stiffness matrices have been developed for elements with different types of constraints. In this travajo the stiffness matrix of an element will be developed to analyze a structure that has a bar supported in this way. A check of the results will be made, analyzing the structure using a classic non-matrix method and the results will be compared. In the end, conclusions are reached that will lead to a more exact definition of the term "rigidity".

"En este documento se presenta el empleo de reconstructores exactos de estado y de ecuaciones integrales paramétricas para la identificación de parámetros y variables de estado de sistemas dinámicos no lineales caóticos discretos y continuos, respectivamente. En ambos casos se evita el uso de observadores de estado asintóticos y el teorema de la reconstrucción de Takens. La identificación y reconstrucción de sistemas discretos se ilustra con el sistema Lozi. El esquema de reconstrucción de estados para sistemas discretos fue usado en el diseño de un mecanismo de codificación y decodificación de información. El enfoque de reconstructores se extiende para mapas hipercaóticos y el esquema de codificación / decodificación presenta una mejora, que consiste en emplear también la señal observable como portadora de la información codificada. Las ideas desarrolladas para sistemas discretos se trasladaron a sistemas continuos, tomando integrales iterativas de forma análoga a las salidas retrasadas usadas en el diseño de los reconstructores exactos. El proceso de reconstrucción de las variables no observables se llevó a cabo mediante el diseño de ecuaciones iterativas integrales; la identificación de los parámetros desconocidos se obtiene con la solución de un sistema de ecuaciones lineales en las que las incógnitas se forman con combinaciones lineales de tales parámetros. Estos procesos se ilustran con el oscilador de Duffing y el circuito de Chua."

"In this work we propose to use hyperchaotic maps synchronization to encode and decode information. The information to be encode is input to the transmitter as an external perturbation. The transmitted signal is used for synchronization and as the encode information carrier. Once the receiver is synchronized with the transmitter, the former decode the information by reconstruct the external perturbation. Roughly speaking, we design a simple schema to encode and decode data, as a simple inverse problem approach. The schema performance shows to be quite satisfactory, as assess from the numerical implementation. We use the results to build an application to establish secure on-line communication over Internet."

La Teoría de las opciones reales es una teoría prometedora. Se aplica la metodología de las opciones financieras a la gestión de activos reales, esto es, a la valoración de inversiones productivas o empresariales.

This paper shows a simple way to recover the whole unknown parameters set of the Duffing`s oscillator by using a genetic algorithm. The fact that the system is observable and constructible with respect to a suitable output helps in obtaining an integral parameterization of the output. Subsequently an integral parameterization of the output which depends upon the unknown parameters, and, a random estimation of the output is proposed, assuming that the set of unknown parameters are contained into a bounded set. This random estimation is chosen provided that the error between the actual output and the estimated output minimizes the errors of a quadratic function. The minimization problem and the random estimations of the output are formulated directly in terms of a genetic algorithm. A population of chromosomes is codified with the parameters of the Duffing`s oscillator system. A fitness function is established to evaluate the chromosomes, in such a way that it minimizes the errors of a quadratic function. The chromosomes population evolves till a fitness average threshold is obtained. This method is numerically possible and easy to implement in a digital computer.