134 results on '"Santiago Escobar"'
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2. Formal Analysis of Post-Quantum Hybrid Key Exchange SSH Transport Layer Protocol
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Duong Dinh Tran, Kazuhiro Ogata, Santiago Escobar, Sedat Akleylek, and Ayoub Otmani
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Formal verification ,post-quantum SSH ,CafeOBJ ,proof score ,security analysis ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Facing the quantum attack threat, a quantum-resistant version of the SSH Transport Layer protocol has been proposed and been standardized by an IETF working group. This standardization process has been motivated by the fact that if practical quantum computers become available, classical key exchange algorithms used today will no longer be safe because their security can be efficiently broken by Shor’s algorithm running on a quantum computer. In this paper, we construct a symbolic model of the proposed protocol, specify it in the specification language CafeOBJ, and conduct a formal analysis of the claimed security properties with the employment of a formal method tool called Invariant Proof Score Generator (IPSG). Three security properties are formally verified with respect to an unbounded number of protocol participants and protocol executions by employing IPSG to produce their formal proofs, the so- called proof scores in CafeOBJ. With another property, namely authentication, we find a counterexample against it, and then we propose to slightly revise the protocol. With the improved version, we formally verify that the authentication property is enjoyed, while the three properties remain secure. To model the presence of malicious participants, we extend the Dolev-Yao intruder, which is the standard intruder model used in security protocol analysis/verification, because the availability assumption of large-scale quantum computers gives the attacker some new capabilities. Under our threat model, the intruder is given capabilities of fully controlling the network as the Dolev-Yao intruder, and additionally breaking ECDH’s security as well as compromising secrets.
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- 2024
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3. Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B Circulation in Poultry and Wild Birds of Colombia
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Santiago Escobar-Alfonso, Diana M. Alvarez-Mira, Magda Beltran-Leon, Gloria Ramirez-Nieto, and Arlen P. Gomez
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Pneumoviridae ,avian metapneumovirus ,avian viruses ,avian health ,avian pathology ,phylogeny ,Medicine - Abstract
The global poultry industry, as a leading producer of animal protein, faces significant challenges related to animal health and production due to high bird density and disease risks. A major concern is the Avian Respiratory Complex (ARC), a multifactorial health issue involving pathogens such as avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), an often-underdiagnosed component of the ARC. Wild birds are seen as reservoirs and spreaders of the virus. This study aimed to detect the presence and subtypes of aMPV in samples from breeders, broilers, laying hens, and wild birds in Colombia. A total of 273 samples, including swabs from the upper respiratory and reproductive tracts, were collected from commercial poultry and wild birds. Using nested RT-PCR targeting the G gene, aMPV subtype B was identified in 23 samples (8.42%). Sequencing revealed high genetic similarity to vaccine strains, classifying all viruses as vaccine-like. In the commercial birds, aMPV-B appeared in 21 samples, regardless of symptoms, often in tests for other ARC agents, indicating diagnostic bias. In the wild birds, two samples tested positive, suggesting potential transmission between wild and domestic birds. These findings highlight the need for broader diagnostics and further research into aMPV’s impact on avian health.
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- 2024
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4. Manejo y resultados de pacientes con diverticulitis aguda: experiencia de cinco años en el Hospital San Vicente Fundación
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Katherine Romero-Moreno, Tatiana Chinkovsky-Ríos, Sebastián Sierra-Sierra, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, and Santiago Escobar Céspedes
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divertículo del colon ,enfermedades diverticulares ,diverticulitis ,diverticulosis del colon ,diagnóstico ,tratamiento conservador ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Introducción. Los datos epidemiológicos de la diverticulitis en Colombia son limitados. El objetivo de este artículo fue caracterizar una población que ingresó con diverticulitis aguda al Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, un centro de referencia de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, para analizar la presentación y comportamiento de la enfermedad en la población local, con estadísticas propias y desenlaces de la enfermedad en los últimos años. Métodos. Estudio observacional retrospectivo, descriptivo, entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2019. Se hizo un estudio exploratorio uni-, bi- y multivariado de factores de riesgo para fallo en el tratamiento y la mortalidad. Resultados. Se incluyeron 103 pacientes. Se presentó principalmente en mujeres y la edad promedio fue de 65 años. La diverticulitis Hinchey Ia fue la más frecuente (41,7 %) y el manejo médico fue exitoso en todos los casos, mientras que en las tipo III y IV, todos se manejaron de forma quirúrgica, con tasas de éxito entre el 50 y el 64 %. La presencia de signos de irritación peritoneal al examen físico, el recuento de leucocitos y la PCR, el ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y la mortalidad aumentaron de forma directamente proporcional con el estadio de Hinchey. Conclusiones. Existe una relación directamente proporcional entre la clasificación de Hinchey y los signos de respuesta inflamatoria clínicos y paraclínicos, la necesidad de manejo quirúrgico, la estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y la mortalidad.
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- 2024
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5. Towards generalization for Caenorhabditis elegans detection
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Santiago Escobar-Benavides, Antonio García-Garví, Pablo E. Layana-Castro, and Antonio-José Sánchez-Salmerón
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C. elegans ,Detection network ,YOLO ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is of significant interest for research into neurodegenerative diseases, aging, and drug screening. However, conducting these assays manually is a tedious and time-consuming process. This paper proposes a methodology to achieve a generalist C. elegans detection algorithm, as previous work only focused on dataset-specific detection, tailored exclusively to the characteristics and appearance of the images in a given dataset. The main aim of our study is to achieve a solution that allows for robust detection, regardless of the image-capture system used, with the potential to serve as a basis for the automation of numerous assays. These potential applications include worm counting, worm tracking, motion detection and motion characterization. To train this model, a dataset consisting of a wide variety of appearances adopted by C. elegans has been curated and dataset augmentation methods have been proposed and evaluated, including synthetic image generation. The results show that the model achieves an average precision of 89.5% for a wide variety of C. elegans appearances that were not used during training, thereby validating its generalization capabilities.
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- 2023
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6. Hybrid post-quantum Transport Layer Security formal analysis in Maude-NPA and its parallel version
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Duong Dinh Tran, Canh Minh Do, Santiago Escobar, and Kazuhiro Ogata
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Post-quantum ,TLS ,Cryptographic protocol ,Maude-NPA ,Parallel Maude-NPA ,Security analysis ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
This article presents a security formal analysis of the hybrid post-quantum Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, a quantum-resistant version of the TLS protocol proposed by Amazon Web Services as a precaution in dealing with future attacks from quantum computers. In addition to a classical key exchange algorithm, the proposed protocol uses a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, which is believed invulnerable under quantum computers, so the protocol’s key negotiation is called the hybrid key exchange scheme. One of our assumptions about the intruder’s capabilities is that the intruder is able to break the security of the classical key exchange algorithm by utilizing the power of large quantum computers. For the formal analysis, we use Maude-NPA and a parallel version of Maude-NPA (called Par-Maude-NPA) to conduct experiments. The security properties under analysis are (1) the secrecy property of the shared secret key established between two honest principals with the classical key exchange algorithm, (2) a similar secrecy property but with the post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, and (3) the authentication property. Given the time limit T = 1,722 h (72 days), Par-Maude-NPA found a counterexample of (1) at depth 12 in T, while Maude-NPA did not find it in T. At the same time T, Par-Maude-NPA did not find any counterexamples of (2) and (3) up to depths 12 and 18, respectively, and neither did Maude-NPA. Therefore, the protocol does not enjoy (1), while it enjoys (2) and (3) up to depths 12 and 18, respectively. Subsequently, the secrecy property of the master secret holds for the protocol up to depth 12.
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- 2023
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7. Modelling and verification of post-quantum key encapsulation mechanisms using Maude
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Víctor García, Santiago Escobar, Kazuhiro Ogata, Sedat Akleylek, and Ayoub Otmani
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Maude ,Rewriting logic ,Formal verification ,Post-quantum protocols ,Key encapsulation mechanisms ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Communication and information technologies shape the world’s systems of today, and those systems shape our society. The security of those systems relies on mathematical problems that are hard to solve for classical computers, that is, the available current computers. Recent advances in quantum computing threaten the security of our systems and the communications we use. In order to face this threat, multiple solutions and protocols have been proposed in the Post-Quantum Cryptography project carried on by the National Institute of Standards and Technologies. The presented work focuses on defining a formal framework in Maude for the security analysis of different post-quantum key encapsulation mechanisms under assumptions given under the Dolev-Yao model. Through the use of our framework, we construct a symbolic model to represent the behaviour of each of the participants of the protocol in a network. We then conduct reachability analysis and find a man-in-the-middle attack in each of them and a design vulnerability in Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation. For both cases, we provide some insights on possible solutions. Then, we use the Maude Linear Temporal Logic model checker to extend the analysis of the symbolic system regarding security, liveness and fairness properties. Liveness and fairness properties hold while the security property does not due to the man-in-the-middle attack and the design vulnerability in Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation.
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- 2023
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8. Impact of healthcare capacity disparities on the COVID-19 vaccination coverage in the United States: A cross-sectional studyResearch in context
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Diego F. Cuadros, Juan D. Gutierrez, Claudia M. Moreno, Santiago Escobar, F. DeWolfe Miller, Godfrey Musuka, Ryosuke Omori, Phillip Coule, and Neil J. MacKinnon
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COVID-19 ,Vaccine uptake ,Healthcare capacity ,Healthcare underserved communities ,United States ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: The impact of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the US has been hampered by a substantial geographical heterogeneity of the vaccination coverage. Several studies have proposed vaccination hesitancy as a key driver of the vaccination uptake disparities. However, the impact of other important structural determinants such as local disparities in healthcare capacity is virtually unknown. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we conducted causal inference and geospatial analyses to assess the impact of healthcare capacity on the vaccination coverage disparity in the US. We evaluated the causal relationship between the healthcare system capacity of 2417 US counties and their COVID-19 vaccination rate. We also conducted geospatial analyses using spatial scan statistics to identify areas with low vaccination rates. Findings: We found a causal effect of the constraints in the healthcare capacity of a county and its low-vaccination uptake. Counties with higher constraints in their healthcare capacity were more probable to have COVID-19 vaccination rates ≤50, with 35% higher constraints in low-vaccinated areas (vaccination rates ≤ 50) compared to high-vaccinated areas (vaccination rates > 50). We also found that COVID-19 vaccination in the US exhibits a distinct spatial structure with defined “vaccination coldspots”. Interpretation: We found that the healthcare capacity of a county is an important determinant of low vaccine uptake. Our study highlights that even in high-income nations, internal disparities in healthcare capacity play an important role in the health outcomes of the nation. Therefore, strengthening the funding and infrastructure of the healthcare system, particularly in rural underserved areas, should be intensified to help vulnerable communities. Funding: None.
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- 2023
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9. Kyber, Saber, and SK-MLWR Lattice-Based Key Encapsulation Mechanisms Model Checking with Maude
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Duong Dinh Tran, Kazuhiro Ogata, Santiago Escobar, Sedat Akleylek, and Ayoub Otmani
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Computer engineering. Computer hardware ,TK7885-7895 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Facing the potential threat raised by quantum computing, a great deal of research from many groups and industrial giants has gone into building public-key post-quantum cryptographic primitives that are resistant to the quantum attackers. Among them, there is a large number of post-quantum key encapsulation mechanisms (KEMs), whose purpose is to provide a secure key exchange, which is a very crucial component in public-key cryptography. This paper presents a formal security analysis of three lattice-based KEMs including Kyber, Saber, and SK-MLWR. We use Maude, a specification language supporting equational and rewriting logic and a high-performance tool equipped with many advanced features, such as a reachability analyzer that can be used as a model checker for invariant properties, to model the three KEMs as state machines. Because they all belong to the class of lattice-based KEMs, they share many common parts in their designs, such as polynomials, vectors, and message exchange patterns. We first model these common parts and combine them into a specification, called base specification. After that, for each of the three KEMs, by extending the base specification, we just need to model some additional parts and the mechanism execution. Once completing the three specifications, we conduct invariant model checkings with the Maude search command, pointing out a similar man-in-the-middle attack. The occurrence of this attack is due to the fact that authentication is not part of the KEMs, and therefore an active attacker can modify all communication between two honest parties.
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- 2023
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10. Radiological differential diagnosis and management of retroperitoneal hematomas posterior to radical inguinal orchiectomies. A case report
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Santiago Escobar-Urrejola, Gastón Astroza, Felipe Del Valle, Alberto Fuentes, and Álvaro Zúñiga
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Orchiectomy ,Postoperative complications ,Hematoma ,Therapy ,Differential diagnosis ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Introduction: Retroperitoneal hematomas are rare complications of radical inguinal orchiectomy. This case report discusses their radiological differential diagnosis and management. Case presentation: A radical inguinal orchiectomy was performed on a 27-year-old patient. After discharge, he referred back pain. Computed tomography showed a retroperitoneal hematoma. A conservative approach was decided. Discussion: Traditionally, retroperitoneal hematomas have been considered possible radiologic pitfalls, which has therapeutical implications. This pitfall seems less likely in contemporary clinical practice.A conservative approach is preferred in stable patients, whereas active management should be offered to unstable patients. Conclusion: Future studies are necessary to offer evidence-based therapeutical options.
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- 2022
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11. Trends in treatments for erectile dysfunction in Chile between 2010 and 2020 with special focus on penile prostheses
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Marcelo Marconi, Cristian Palma, Sergio Moreno, Jose Miguel Flores, and Santiago Escobar-Urrejola
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Erectile dysfunction treatment ,Pharma-trends ,Penile prosthesis ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Objectives: Evidence regarding demand trends for erectile dysfunction (ED) treatments are scarce in South America. This study aims to evaluate trends in ED treatments in Chile over a 10-year period (2010- 2020) and estimate the potential number of candidates for penile prosthesis. Materials and methods: Sales trends of pharmacological treatments and penile prosthesis were obtained from market studies. The potential number of candidates for penile prosthesis implantation was calculated by crossing epidemiological data with previously reported ED prevalence, proportion of sexually active men, percentage of men seeking medical assistance for ED, and the proportion of patients who are non-responders to ED oral drug therapies Results: In the 10-year studied period, the Chilean male population older than 50 years increased 34.7%, with an average annual variation (AAV) of 3.4%. For the same period, the sales of oral drug therapies for ED increased by 71.3% (AAV 6.2%), the sales of intracavernosal vasoactive agents (ICVA) decreased by 0.4% (AAV -0.2%), and penile prosthesis sales increased by 113% (AAV 6.7%). We estimated that only 0.05% of sexually active men older than 50 years old with ED who sought medical assistance finally had a penile prosthesis implanted to manage their condition. Conclusions: Demand for ED oral drug therapies significantly increased in Chile during the last decade, while ICVA remained stable. The annual rate of penile prosthesis implantation increased. However, the gap between the potential penile prosthesis candidates and the actual number of devices implanted is suspected to remain extremely high.
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- 2022
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12. A partial evaluation methodology for optimizing rewrite theories incrementally
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María Alpuente, Demis Ballis, Santiago Escobar, Daniel Galán Pascual, and Julia Sapiña
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Concurrent and non-deterministic system modeling ,Algebraic specification ,Code optimization ,Narrowing-based partial evaluation ,Symbolic reasoning ,Rewriting logic, Maude ,Science - Abstract
Partial evaluation (PE) is a branch of computer science that achieves code optimization via specialization. This article describes a PE methodology for optimizing rewrite theories that encode concurrent as well as nondeterministic systems by means of the Maude language. The main advantages of the proposed methodology can be summarized as follows: • An automatic program optimization technique for rewrite theories featuring several PE criteria that support the specialization of a broad class of rewrite theories. • An incremental partial evaluation modality that allows the key specialization components to be encapsulated at the desired granularity level to facilitate progressive refinements of the specialization. • All executability theory requirements are preserved by the PE transformation. Also the transformation ensures the semantic equivalence between the original rewrite theory and the specialized theory under rather mild conditions.
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- 2022
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13. Most General Variant Unifiers
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Santiago Escobar and Julia Sapiña
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Mathematics ,QA1-939 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Equational unification of two terms consists of finding a substitution that, when applied to both terms, makes them equal modulo some equational properties. Equational unification is of special relevance to automated deduction, theorem proving, protocol analysis, partial evaluation, model checking, etc. Several algorithms have been developed in the literature for specific equational theories, such as associative-commutative symbols, exclusive-or, Diffie-Hellman, or Abelian Groups. Narrowing was proved to be complete for unification and several cases have been studied where narrowing provides a decidable unification algorithm. A new narrowing-based equational unification algorithm relying on the concept of the variants of a term has been developed and it is available in the most recent version of Maude, version 2.7.1, which provides quite sophisticated unification features. A variant of a term t is a pair consisting of a substitution sigma and the canonical form of tsigma. Variant-based unification is decidable when the equational theory satisfies the finite variant property. However, it may compute many more unifiers than the necessary and, in this paper, we explore how to strengthen the variant-based unification algorithm implemented in Maude to produce a minimal set of most general variant unifiers. Our experiments suggest that this new adaptation of the variant-based unification is more efficient both in execution time and in the number of computed variant unifiers than the original algorithm available in Maude.
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- 2019
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14. Nueva metodología geométrica para evaluar la morfología del eritrocito normal
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Javier Rodríguez, Santiago Escobar, Lesly Abder, Johnsen Del Río, Luis Quintero, and David Ocampo
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Matemáticas ,Fractales ,Hematología ,Eritrocito ,Morfofisiología ,Geometría ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Objetivo. Desarrollar una nueva metodología para caracterizar la estructura del eritrocito normal mediante el espacio ocupado por el anillo del eritrocito normal caracterizado con el método de Box Counting. Método. se analizaron las imágenes de 20 extendidos de sangre periférica, cuyos eritrocitos fueron evaluados por un experto como normales. Se superpusieron dos rejillas Kp de 5 x 5 pixeles y Kg de 10 x 10 pixeles, para calcular el espacio ocupado por dos regiones del eritrocito estos son, el disco y centro de este, visto de manera frontal mediante el método de Box Counting. Resultados. Los espacios ocupados por la región del disco con la rejilla Kp variaron entre 47 y 56, la región del centro del eritrocito, varió entre 9 y 14. La dimensión fractal de estas dos regiones varió entre 0,941 y 1,115 para el disco, entre 0,652 y 1,222 para el centro. Conclusiones. La estructura del eritrocito normal puede ser caracterizada mediante el espacio ocupado por cada una de las regiones del eritrocito a partir de la geometría fractal.
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- 2017
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15. The role of violence: a revision of the work of Marx, Engels and Lenin
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Luisa Fernanda Correa Jiménez, Santiago Escobar, and Camilo Gallego Pulgarín
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violencia ,superestructura ,revolución ,oprimido ,insurrección popular. ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
From the Marxist conception of society, violence is not a phenomenon that is advocated per se, but to understand the historical-social development, it is perceived that violence, as class societies, has played a decisive role for the configuration, consolidation and decline of the same. Reject this approach both reactionary violence and abstract pacifism and recognize revolutionary violence as the only form of radical transformation of society, which will be necessary at some particular moment in history to end the capitalist mode of production, and thus, give to a new social formation that encourages the transition towards a communist society.
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- 2017
16. Entre caballos y elefantes. Una conversación sobre documentar, intervenir y fotografiar
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Juanita Escobar and Santiago Escobar Jaramillo
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Anthropology ,GN1-890 ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Published
- 2017
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17. Obtención de juntas disimiles de la aleación de aluminio AA7075 – T6 y polietileno de alta densidad (HDPE) empleando el proceso Friction Stir Welding (FSW)
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Santiago Escobar-Muñoz and Elizabeth Hoyos-Pulgarín
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AA7075-T6 ,Friction Stir Welding ,HDPE ,Soldaduras disímiles ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
En este trabajo se empleó el proceso de soldadura en estado sólido Friction Stir Welding (FSW), aprovechando su condición para obtener uniones permanentes sin superar la temperatura de fusión de los materiales involucrados y sin requerir material de aporte. Sus características lo convierten en una buena opción para la obtención de juntas disímiles y específicamente para la combinación AA 7075 – T6 y polietileno de alta densidad (HDPE, por sus siglas en inglés). Esta aleación es comúnmente empleada en el sector aeroespacial, y es ideal para el proceso FSW, ya que se caracteriza por su baja soldabilidad por métodos tradicionales por fusión, al presentar problemas de susceptibilidad al agrietamiento durante la solidificación. Las uniones polímero-aluminio se presentan como una alternativa para la fabricación de componentes que requieren altas relaciones resistencia–peso. Para las juntas se empleó material base de 50 x 150 mm y 3/16 in de espesor, una maquina CNC equipada con un dispositivo de medición de fuerzas, axiales y longitudinales, adaptado a la bancada; una herramienta no consumible de acero H13 con hombro convexo de círculos concéntricos, y un pin cilíndrico roscado de 4,5 mm de largo. Los parámetros evaluados estuvieron entre 500 y 2450 rpm de velocidad de giro, y entre 25 y 100 mm/min para la velocidad de avance. Las juntas obtenidas se evaluaron empleando ensayos no destructivos (END) de inspección visual (IV) y líquidos penetrantes (LP). Adicionalmente se empleó corte por chorro de agua y partículas, buscando así el menor nivel de afectación, para obtener probetas y comparar el nivel de continuidad o unión en la sección transversal de las juntas, empleando estereoscopia óptica. Como complemento de las técnicas de inspección, se contrastaron los resultados con datos de fuerza longitudinal y axial y el comportamiento mecánico de algunas juntas. A partir de los resultados obtenidos por los métodos mencionados se encontró que ante valores intermedios de velocidades de rotación y de avance en el intervalo evaluado, la sección transversal de las soldaduras presenta mayor continuidad y mejores prestaciones. Resalta la combinación de parámetros: soldaduras a 50 mm/min, entre 1150 a 2450 RPM, y la combinación de 75 mm/min y 2450 RPM. La obtención de juntas sanas es prometedora, pero aún está en desarrollo.
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- 2019
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18. Manufacturing Concept and Prototype for Train Component Using the FSW Process
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Elizabeth Hoyos, Santiago Escobar, Jeroen De Backer, Jonathan Martin, and Mauricio Palacio
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friction stir welding ,aluminum ,railway ,implementation ,Production capacity. Manufacturing capacity ,T58.7-58.8 - Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a process originally developed for joining light materials, such as aluminum and magnesium, as an answer to their poor weldability by conventional fusion processes. In Colombia, the technique has been studied but its industrial implementation is uncommon, due to the high cost of specialized machinery and the unfamiliarity with the technique of local industries. This article presents an implementation case study of FSW on a 6082-aluminum alloy train component from Metro de Medellín (MdM), aiming to establish the component design changes required to accommodate the FSW process, and conventional machines available in the local area which may be available for welding. Additionally, a simple comparison was made between the cost of this approach versus the manufacturing strategy currently used for the selected component. Initially, welding forces were measured when performing the seam on the selected component using an FSW machine. This data was then used to downselect the local milling machines with these capabilities. A simple but specific tool was designed for the geometry of one of the component features. Finally, a prototype was fabricated, and weld samples were obtained, polished, etched, and examined using a microhardness machine and an optical microscope. Results show a good opportunity for the execution of simple components with uniform geometries, which can be carried out using locally available machinery because they do not surpass their maximum loading capacity, the welds do not present visible discontinuities, and an average hardness of 69.5 HV and mechanical efficiency of 95% can be achieved. Additionally, the manufacturing process is around 30% cheaper compared to traditional methods, making the application viable, economically speaking.
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- 2021
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19. 'Las filosofías de Platón y Aristóteles (con un apéndice: Sumario de las Leyes de Platón. Prólogo y tratado primero)'. Traducción, introducción y notas de Rafael Ramón Guerrero. Apeirón Ediciones, colección Eidos, Madrid, 2017. 172 pp.
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Santiago Escobar Gómez
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Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Published
- 2017
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20. Reseñas
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Josep Puig Montada, Salvador Peña Martín, Santiago Escobar Gómez, Miguel Ángel de Bunes Ibarra, Cristina de la Puente, Juan A. Souto, and Elisa Mesa
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History of Civilization ,CB3-482 ,Islam ,BP1-253 - Published
- 2002
21. Reseñas
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Mercedes Garcia-Arenal, Ana Echevarría Arsuaga, Santiago Escobar Gómez, Delfina Serrano, Andrés M. Guijarro Araque, and M.ª J. Viguera Molins
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History of Civilization ,CB3-482 ,Islam ,BP1-253 - Published
- 2000
22. Ciudadelas de conflicto. Tesis de Maestría
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Santiago Escobar Jaramillo
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Colombia ,conflicto ,espacio ,desplazamiento ,fotografía ,Drawing. Design. Illustration ,NC1-1940 ,Visual arts ,N1-9211 - Abstract
‘Ciudadelas en los conflictos” es una tesis de Maestría que quiere mostrar cómo el proceso conceptual de la fotografía va de la realidad a la representación por modelos, pero también cómo las representaciones de estos modelos adquieren un nuevo significado, la realidad de virtualismo y la ilusión. Usar instalaciones o interactuar con modelos es inventar imaginarios, o llamar memorias, que podrían ser puestos sobre una base tangible para fotografiarlas después. Quiero reflexionar sobre ciudades imaginarias y la utopía de la guerra y el desplazamiento, imaginando cada foto como una ciudadela. Los modelos construidos que acompañan este texto se entienden como fortalezas, ya que incluyen, a veces al azar, todas las variables sociales, culturales y físicas que las ciudades tienen, como “imitación de la vida”. Una metáfora de las variadas e irónicas miradas de un desplazado, se podrían obtener al llegar a las ciudades o a los lugares urbanos. Por lo tanto, el ciudadano inesperado vive dentro de una ciudadela en el conflicto. El fenómeno de la guerra y el desplazamiento forzado son la cartografía de las nuevas ciudades en Colombia, que se registran en esta obra de una manera triste y satirizada.
- Published
- 2010
23. Análisis de Confiabilidad de Sistemas de Distribución Eléctrica con penetración de Generación Distribuida
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Gabriel Benjamin Salazar, Luis Chusin, and Santiago Escobar
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Technology (General) ,T1-995 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Resumen: Este proyecto presenta la evaluación de confiabilidad de los sistemas de distribución con penetración de generación distribuida de las empresas CNEL EP – EL ORO y EMELNORTE S.A. Para ello se realizará un modelado de la red a nivel de troncal, considerando a los ramales de la red como cargas concentradas y estableciendo el escenario de estudio a demanda media. Mediante el software DIgSILENT Power Factory 14.1.3 con su módulo de confiabilidad se determina los índices de confiabilidad de cada alimentador con y sin la penetración de generación distribuida, luego se realiza una comparación y análisis de resultados obtenidos, sugiriendo además donde sea posible, la ubicación de un punto de conexión adicional para los generadores y/o inserción de equipos de seccionamiento a nivel de troncal para la creación de tramos; con propósitos de tener una idea de cómo mejoraría la confiabilidad de la red con las adecuaciones mencionadas. Abstract: The objective of this project is to evaluate the systems distribution reliability with distributed generators about two electric enterprises such as CNEL EP – EL ORO and EMELNORTE SA. For this purpose, the networks will be modeled at the level of trunk considering the branch network as concentrated loads and setting the scene of study in average demand. By DIgSILENT 14.1.3 Power Factory software with reliability analysis module, the reliability indices of each feeder is determined “with and without” penetration of distributed generation. Then make a comparison and analysis of results, also if it is possible, an additional connection point is suggested for distributed generators and / or insertion of switching equipment at the level of trunk to create sections, to have an idea of how improve network reliability with the adjustments mentioned
- Published
- 2015
24. La polémica trinitaria entre Yahya ibn ‘Adi y al-Kindi
- Author
-
Juan Carlos González López and Santiago Escobar Gómez
- Subjects
Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Sin resumen
- Published
- 2006
25. El mejor de los mundos en la teología racionalista musulmana clásica
- Author
-
Santiago Escobar Gómez
- Subjects
Racionalismo ,Necesidad ,Lógica ,Determinismo ,Voluntad ,Optimismo ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
El presente trabajo pretende servir como introducción a una teodicea de la filosofía y la teología racionalista (mu`tazilí) árabe a partir de un texto de Algazel. Esta teología y filosofía cree que Dios ha creado el mejor de los mundos posibles debido a su esencia buena, siendo, por tanto, optimista y determinista. Sin embargo, este optimismo en la teología viene dado por la mera voluntad de Dios, mientras que en la filosofía por la causalidad y la necesidad lógica.
- Published
- 2005
26. Congreso Internacional. VIII Centenario de Averroes.
- Author
-
Santiago Escobar Gómez
- Subjects
Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Sin resumen
- Published
- 1999
27. En torno a la edición de algunos libros con motivo del octavo centenario de Avermes.
- Author
-
Santiago Escobar Gómez
- Subjects
Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Sin resumen
- Published
- 1999
28. Abu Bakr Al-Razi: una nueva visión de su pensamiento.
- Author
-
Santiago Escobar Gómez
- Subjects
Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Sin resumen
- Published
- 1999
29. Xº Congreso Internacional de Filosofia Medieval.
- Author
-
Santiago Escobar Gómez
- Subjects
Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Sin resumen
- Published
- 1997
30. IBN TUFAYL: El filósofó autodidacto (Risla ayy ibn Yaqn)
- Author
-
Santiago Escobar Gómez
- Subjects
Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Sin resumen
- Published
- 1997
31. IBN BA (AVEMPACE), El régimen del solitario.
- Author
-
Santiago Escobar Gómez
- Subjects
Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Sin resumen
- Published
- 1997
32. Equational Unification and Matching, and Symbolic Reachability Analysis in Maude 3.2 (System Description)
- Author
-
Jasmin Blanchette, Laura Kovács, Dirk Pattinson, Francisco Durán, Steven Eker, Santiago Escobar, Martí Oliet, Narciso, José Meseguer, Rubio Cuéllar, Rubén Rafael, Carolyn Talcott, Jasmin Blanchette, Laura Kovács, Dirk Pattinson, Francisco Durán, Steven Eker, Santiago Escobar, Martí Oliet, Narciso, José Meseguer, Rubio Cuéllar, Rubén Rafael, and Carolyn Talcott
- Abstract
Equational unification and matching are fundamental mechanisms in many automated deduction applications. Supporting them efficiently for as wide as possible a class of equational theories, and in a typed manner supporting type hierarchies, benefits many applications; but this is both challenging and nontrivial. We present Maude 3.2’s efficient support of these features as well as of symbolic reachability analysis of infinite-state concurrent systems based on them., Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Junta de Andalucía, FEDER, European Union, Generalitat Valenciana, U. S. Office of Naval Research, Depto. de Sistemas Informáticos y Computación, Fac. de Informática, TRUE, pub
- Published
- 2024
33. Correlación de prueba de antígeno de histoplasma en orina y recuento de linfocitos T CD4+ en pacientes adultos positivos para VIH
- Author
-
Jackeline Andrea Santiago-Escobar, Ana Johanna Samayoa-Bran, and Jessenia Sabrina Navas-Castillo
- Subjects
General Medicine - Abstract
Objetivo: Correlacionar la prueba de antígeno de histoplasma en orina con el recuento de linfocitos T CD4+, en pacientes adultos VIH positivo. Metodología: Estudio transversal, analítico, retrospectivo. Las características clínicas y demográficas se describieron a través de frecuencias y porcentajes. Se calculó la prueba Chi cuadrado con IC 95% para establecer la asociación entre el recuento de linfocitos T CD4+ y positividad de prueba de antígeno de histoplasma en orina. Resultados: La positividad de la prueba fue de 4.3% (21/490), 12 eran de reciente diagnóstico para VIH y 9 se encontraban en abandono de tratamiento antirretroviral; de los 21 pacientes positivos, 71.4% era de sexo masculino, 90.5% tuvo un recuento de Linfocitos T CD4+ menor a 100 cel/µL. El 42.9% presentó además, al menos una enfermedad definitoria de SIDA, siendo la más frecuente la neumonía por Pneumocistis Jiroveci. Conclusión: Es importante realizar la prueba del antígeno de histoplasma en orina a todos los pacientes de reciente diagnóstico de VIH y a pacientes que han retomado su seguimiento de VIH tras abandonar el tratamiento antirretroviral, que tengan un recuento de linfocitos T CD4+ menor a 100 cel/µL; e independientemente del recuento de estas células, en presencia de sospecha clínica.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Genetic Evaluations of Dairy Goats With Few Pedigree Data: Different Approaches to Use Molecular Information
- Author
-
Samir Julián Calvo Cardona, Carolina Andrea García-Baccino, Carlos Santiago Escobar-Restrepo, Henry Cardona Cadavid, Juan David Corrales Álvarez, José Luis Gualdrón Duarte, and Andres Rogberg-Muñoz
- Abstract
One of the limitations of implementing animal breeding programs in small-scale or extensive production systems is the lack of production records and genealogical records. In this context, molecular markers could help to gain information for the breeding program. This study addresses the inclusion of molecular data into traditional genetic evaluation models as a random effect by molecular pedigree reconstruction and as a fixed effect by Bayesian clustering. The methods were tested for lactation curve traits in 14 dairy goat herds with incomplete phenotypic data and pedigree information. The results showed an increment of 37.3% of the relationships regarding the originals with MOLCOAN and clustering into five genetic groups. Data leads to estimating additive variance, error variance, and heritability with four different models, including pedigree and molecular information. Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) values demonstrate a greater fitting of the models that include molecular information either as fixed (genetic clusters) or as random (molecular matrix) effects. The molecular information of simple markers can complement genetic improvement strategies in populations with little information.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Impact of healthcare capacity disparities on the COVID-19 vaccination coverage in the United States: A cross-sectional study
- Author
-
Diego F. Cuadros, Juan D. Gutierrez, Claudia M. Moreno, Santiago Escobar, F. DeWolfe Miller, Godfrey Musuka, Ryosuke Omori, Phillip Coule, and Neil J. MacKinnon
- Subjects
Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Internal Medicine - Abstract
Background The impact of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the US has been hampered by a substantial geographical heterogeneity of the vaccination coverage. Several studies have proposed vaccination hesitancy as a key driver of the vaccination uptake disparities. However, the impact of other important structural determinants such as local disparities in healthcare capacity is virtually unknown. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we conducted causal inference and geospatial analyses to estimate the impact of healthcare capacity on the vaccination coverage disparity in the US. We evaluated the causal relationship between the healthcare system capacity of 2,417 US counties and their COVID-19 vaccination rate. We also conducted geospatial analyses using spatial scan statistics to identify areas with low vaccination rates. Findings We found a positive association between the healthcare capacity of a county and vaccination uptake. We estimated that a 1% increase in the Resource-Constrained Health System Index of a county increases by 0.37% the occurrence of that county in the set of counties classified as low-vaccinated (≤50% vaccination rate). We also found that COVID-19 vaccinations in the US exhibit a distinct spatial structure with defined vaccination coldspots. Interpretation We found that the healthcare capacity of a county is an important determinant of low vaccine uptake. Our study highlights that even in high-income nations, internal disparities in healthcare capacity play an important role in the health outcomes of the nation. Therefore, strengthening the funding and infrastructure of the healthcare system, particularly in rural underserved areas, should be intensified to help vulnerable communities.
- Published
- 2022
36. Order-sorted Equational Generalization Algorithm Revisited
- Author
-
Santiago Escobar, Julia Sapiña, José Meseguer, and María Alpuente
- Subjects
Class (set theory) ,Generalization ,Equational reasoning ,Applied Mathematics ,Rule-based languages ,Empty set ,Commutativity ,Identity (music) ,Prime (order theory) ,Artificial Intelligence ,Identity ,Associativity ,Finitary ,Order-Sorted ,Algorithm ,Least general generalization ,LENGUAJES Y SISTEMAS INFORMATICOS ,Axiom ,Counterexample ,Mathematics - Abstract
Generalization, also called anti-unification, is the dual of unification. A generalizer of two terms t and $t^{\prime }$ is a term $t^{\prime \prime }$ of which t and $t^{\prime }$ are substitution instances. The dual of most general equational unifiers is that of least general equational generalizers, i.e., most specific anti-instances modulo equations. In a previous work, we extended the classical untyped generalization algorithm to: (1) an order-sorted typed setting with sorts, subsorts, and subtype polymorphism; (2) work modulo equational theories, where function symbols can obey any combination of associativity, commutativity, and identity axioms (including the empty set of such axioms); and (3) the combination of both, which results in a modular, order-sorted equational generalization algorithm. However, Cerna and Kutsia showed that our algorithm is generally incomplete for the case of identity axioms and a counterexample was given. Furthermore, they proved that, in theories with two identity elements or more, generalization with identity axioms is generally nullary, yet it is finitary for both the linear and one-unital fragments, i.e., either solutions with repeated variables are disregarded or the considered theories are restricted to having just one function symbol with an identity or unit element. In this work, we show how we can easily extend our original inference system to cope with the non-linear fragment and identify a more general class than one–unit theories where generalization with identity axioms is finitary.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Optimization of rewrite theories by equational partial evaluation
- Author
-
Santiago Escobar, Julia Sapiña, María Alpuente, and Demis Ballis
- Subjects
Correctness ,Unification ,Logic ,Computer science ,Modulo ,Partial evaluation ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Abstraction (mathematics) ,Algebra ,Operator (computer programming) ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION ,Computer Science::Programming Languages ,Finite set ,Software ,Axiom - Abstract
In this paper, we develop an automated optimization framework for rewrite theories that supports sorts, subsort overloading, equations and algebraic axioms with free/non-free constructors, and rewrite rules modeling concurrent system transitions whose state structure is defined by means of the equations. The main idea of the framework is to make the system computations more efficient by partially evaluating the equations to the specific calls that are required by the transition rules. This can be particularly useful for automatically optimizing rewrite theories that contain overly general equational theories which perform unnecessary and costly computations involving pattern matching and/or unification modulo equations and axioms. The transformation is based on a suitable unfolding operator parameter that relies on the symbolic operational engine of Maude's equational theories, called folding variant narrowing, together with a generic abstraction operator. Depending on the properties of the rewrite theory, the unfolding and abstraction operators must be fine-tuned to achieve the biggest optimization possible while ensuring termination and total correctness of the transformation. We formalize two instances of our scheme for the case when the rewrite theory either has an infinite number of most general variants or a finite number of most general variants. Finally, we discuss some experimental results which demonstrate that the proposed optimization technique pays off in practice.
- Published
- 2022
38. Equational Unification and Matching, and Symbolic Reachability Analysis in Maude 3.2 (System Description)
- Author
-
Francisco Durán, Steven Eker, Santiago Escobar, Narciso Martí-Oliet, José Meseguer, Rubén Rubio, and Carolyn Talcott
- Abstract
Equational unification and matching are fundamental mechanisms in many automated deduction applications. Supporting them efficiently for as wide as possible a class of equational theories, and in a typed manner supporting type hierarchies, benefits many applications; but this is both challenging and nontrivial. We present Maude 3.2’s efficient support of these features as well as of symbolic reachability analysis of infinite-state concurrent systems based on them.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Symbolic Specialization of Rewriting Logic Theories with Presto
- Author
-
MARÍA ALPUENTE, SANTIAGO ESCOBAR, JULIA SAPIÑA, and DEMIS BALLIS
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science ,multi-paradigm declarative programming ,narrowing ,partial evaluation ,rewriting logic ,Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO) ,Theoretical Computer Science ,TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Artificial Intelligence ,Hardware and Architecture ,Computer Science::Logic in Computer Science ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Software - Abstract
This paper introduces Presto, a symbolic partial evaluator for Maude's rewriting logic theories that can improve system analysis and verification. In Presto, the automated optimization of a conditional rewrite theory R (whose rules define the concurrent transitions of a system) is achieved by partially evaluating, with respect to the rules of R, an underlying, companion equational logic theory E that specifies the algebraic structure of the system states of R. This can be particularly useful for specializing an overly general equational theory E whose operators may obey complex combinations of associativity, commutativity, and/or identity axioms, when being plugged into a host rewrite theory R as happens, for instance, in protocol analysis, where sophisticated equational theories for cryptography are used. Presto implements different unfolding operators that are based on folding variant narrowing (the symbolic engine of Maude's equational theories). When combined with an appropriate abstraction algorithm, they allow the specialization to be adapted to the theory termination behavior and bring significant improvement while ensuring strong correctness and termination of the specialization. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Presto in several examples of protocol analysis where it achieves a significant speed-up. Actually, the transformation provided by Presto may cut down an infinite folding variant narrowing space to a finite one, and moreover, some of the costly algebraic axioms and rule conditions may be eliminated as well. As far as we know, this is the first partial evaluator for Maude that respects the semantics of functional, logic, concurrent, and object-oriented computations. Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)., Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)
- Published
- 2022
40. Trends in treatments for erectile dysfunction in Chile between 2010 and 2020 with special focus on penile prostheses
- Author
-
Marcelo Marconi, Cristian Palma, Sergio Moreno, Jose Miguel Flores, and Santiago Escobar-Urrejola
- Subjects
Male ,Erectile Dysfunction ,Urology ,Administration, Oral ,Humans ,Chile ,Middle Aged ,Penile Implantation ,Penile Prosthesis ,Article - Abstract
Objectives: Evidence regarding demand trends for erectile dysfunction (ED) treatments are scarce in South America. This study aims to evaluate trends in ED treatments in Chile over a 10-year period (2010- 2020) and estimate the potential number of candidates for penile prosthesis. Materials and methods: Sales trends of pharmacological treatments and penile prosthesis were obtained from market studies. The potential number of candidates for penile prosthesis implantation was calculated by crossing epidemiological data with previously reported ED prevalence, proportion of sexually active men, percentage of men seeking medical assistance for ED, and the proportion of patients who are non-responders to ED oral drug therapies Results: In the 10-year studied period, the Chilean male population older than 50 years increased 34.7%, with an average annual variation (AAV) of 3.4%. For the same period, the sales of oral drug therapies for ED increased by 71.3% (AAV 6.2%), the sales of intracavernosal vasoactive agents (ICVA) decreased by 0.4% (AAV -0.2%), and penile prosthesis sales increased by 113% (AAV 6.7%). We estimated that only 0.05% of sexually active men older than 50 years old with ED who sought medical assistance finally had a penile prosthesis implanted to manage their condition. Conclusions: Demand for ED oral drug therapies significantly increased in Chile during the last decade, while ICVA remained stable. The annual rate of penile prosthesis implantation increased. However, the gap between the potential penile prosthesis candidates and the actual number of devices implanted is suspected to remain extremely high.
- Published
- 2021
41. Book Review
- Author
-
Mercedes Garcia-Arenal, Ana Echevarría Arsuaga, Santiago Escobar Gómez, Delfina Serrano, Andrés M. Guijarro Araque, and M.ª J. Viguera Molins
- Subjects
lcsh:CB3-482 ,lcsh:Islam ,lcsh:History of Civilization ,lcsh:BP1-253 - Published
- 2019
42. Assessment of the accuracy of open-circuit respiration chambers for measuring enteric methane emissions in cattle
- Author
-
Ever del Jesus Flores-Santiago, Carlos Santiago Escobar-Restrepo, Jeyder Israael Arceo-Castillo, Carlos Fernando Aguilar-Pérez, Rafael Jiménez-Ocampo, Patricia Quintana-Owen, Juan Carlos Ku-Vera, and Francisco J. Solorio-Sánchez
- Subjects
Methane emissions ,Accuracy and precision ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Environmental engineering ,01 natural sciences ,Methane ,Enteric methane ,Respiration chamber ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Greenhouse gas ,Respiration ,Calibration ,Environmental science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Ruminants are the main source of methane emissions from the agricultural sector. Emission inventories and mitigation strategies require reliable technics of measurement. The respiration chamber methodology is a precise approach for measuring enteric methane emissions in cattle. A set of experiments was carried out to validate two respiration chambers for measuring enteric methane emissions of cattle. The chambers were calibrated considering three main components: the methane analyzer, the air duct and air extraction system, and the chamber itself, by evaluating linearity and response time of the analyzer, plateau variability and high purity methane recoveries in chambers. Recovery test calculations carried out after releasing high purity methane into the chambers gave calibration factors of 0.95 ± 0.05 and 1.03 ± 0.03 for the complete system of respirations chambers one and two, respectively, with corresponding uncertainties of 4.87 and 2.49%. Thus, the respiration chambers for enteric methane measurements of cattle at the University of Yucatan, Mexico function with precision and accuracy. This technique can be used to establish methane inventories and methane mitigation strategies in cattle.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Protocol Analysis with Time
- Author
-
José Meseguer, Damián Aparicio-Sánchez, Catherine Meadows, Santiago Escobar, and Julia Sapiña
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Soundness ,Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ,Syntax (programming languages) ,Computer science ,Programming language ,Process calculus ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Protocol analysis ,02 engineering and technology ,Cryptographic protocol ,computer.software_genre ,Symbolic data analysis ,Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO) ,Satisfiability modulo theories ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Cryptography and Security (cs.CR) ,Protocol (object-oriented programming) ,computer ,LENGUAJES Y SISTEMAS INFORMATICOS - Abstract
[EN] We present a framework suited to the analysis of cryptographic protocols that make use of time in their execution. We provide a process algebra syntax that makes time information available to processes, and a transition semantics that takes account of fundamental properties of time. Additional properties can be added by the user if desirable. This timed protocol framework can be implemented either as a simulation tool or as a symbolic analysis tool in which time references are represented by logical variables, and in which the properties of time are implemented as constraints on those time logical variables. These constraints are carried along the symbolic execution of the protocol. The satisfiability of these constraints can be evaluated as the analysis proceeds, so attacks that violate the laws of physics can be rejected as impossible. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by using the Maude-NPA protocol analyzer together with an SMT solver that is used to evaluate the satisfiability of timing constraints. We provide a sound and complete protocol transformation from our timed process algebra to the Maude-NPA syntax and semantics, and we prove its soundness and completeness. We then use the tool to analyze Mafia fraud and distance hijacking attacks on a suite of distance-bounding protocols., This paper was partially supported by the EU (FEDER) and the Spanish MCIU under grant RTI2018-094403-B-C32, by the Spanish Generalitat Valenciana under grant PROMETEO/2019/098 and APOSTD/2019/127, by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number FA9550-17-1-0286, and by ONR Code 311.
- Published
- 2020
44. A Partial Evaluation Framework for Order-sorted Equational Programs modulo Axioms
- Author
-
José Meseguer, María Alpuente, Angel Cuenca-Ortega, and Santiago Escobar
- Subjects
System ,Computer science ,Logic ,Modulo ,0102 computer and information sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Partial evaluation ,Theoretical Computer Science ,ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION ,Commutative property ,Axiom ,Associative property ,Term (logic) ,Deduction ,Algebra ,TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,010201 computation theory & mathematics ,Binary operation ,TheoryofComputation_LOGICSANDMEANINGSOFPROGRAMS ,Computer Science::Programming Languages ,Offline partial evaluation ,Rewriting ,LENGUAJES Y SISTEMAS INFORMATICOS ,Software - Abstract
[EN] Partial evaluation is a powerful and general program optimization technique with many successful applications. Existing PE schemes do not apply to expressive rule-based languages like Maude, CafeOBJ, OBJ, ASF+SDF, and ELAN, which support: 1) rich type structures with sorts, subsorts, and overloading; and 2) equational rewriting modulo various combinations of axioms such as associativity, commutativity, and identity. In this paper, we develop the new foundations needed and illustrate the key concepts by showing how they apply to partial evaluation of expressive programs written in Maude. Our partial evaluation scheme is based on an automatic unfolding algorithm that computes term variants and relies on high-performance order-sorted equational least general generalization and order-sorted equational homeomorphic embedding algorithms for ensuring termination. We show that our partial evaluation technique is sound and complete for convergent rewrite theories that may contain various combinations of associativity, commutativity, and/or identity axioms for different binary operators. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Maude's automatic partial evaluator, Victoria, on several examples where it shows significant speed-ups. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved., This work has been partially supported by the EU (FEDER) and the Spanish MCIU under grant RTI2018-094403-B-C32, by Generalitat Valenciana under grant PROMETEO/2019/098, and by NRL under contract number N00173-17-1-G002. Angel Cuenca-Ortega has been supported by the SENESCYT, Ecuador (scholarship program 2013).
- Published
- 2020
45. Inspecting Maude variants withGLINTS
- Author
-
Santiago Escobar, Julia Sapiña, María Alpuente, and Angel Cuenca-Ortega
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Maude ,Model checking ,Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science ,Unification ,Computer science ,Modulo ,Finite Variant Property ,0102 computer and information sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Artificial Intelligence ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Canonical form ,Variant ,Narrowing ,Rewriting Logic ,Commutative property ,Axiom ,Computer Science - Programming Languages ,Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO) ,Algebra ,Automated theorem proving ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,010201 computation theory & mathematics ,Hardware and Architecture ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Rewriting ,LENGUAJES Y SISTEMAS INFORMATICOS ,Software ,Programming Languages (cs.PL) ,Embedding - Abstract
This paper introduces GLINTS, a graphical tool for exploring variant narrowing computations in Maude. The most recent version of Maude, version 2.7.1, provides quite sophisticated unification features, including order-sorted equational unification for convergent theories modulo axioms such as associativity, commutativity, and identity (ACU). This novel equational unification relies on built-in generation of the set of 'variants' of a term $t$, i.e., the canonical form of $t \sigma$ for a computed substitution $\sigma$. Variant generation relies on a novel narrowing strategy called 'folding variant narrowing' that opens up new applications in formal reasoning, theorem proving, testing, protocol analysis, and model checking, especially when the theory satisfies the 'finite variant property', i.e., there is a finite number of most general variants for every term in the theory. However, variant narrowing computations can be extremely involved and are simply presented in text format by Maude, often being too heavy to be debugged or even understood. The GLINTS system provides support for (i) determining whether a given theory satisfies the finite variant property, (ii) thoroughly exploring variant narrowing computations, (iii) automatic checking of node 'embedding' and 'closedness' modulo axioms, and (iv) querying and inspecting selected parts of the variant trees. This paper is under consideration for acceptance in TPLP., Comment: Paper presented at the 33nd International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP 2017), Melbourne, Australia, August 28 to September 1, 2017 15 pages, LaTeX, 7 PDF figures, 2 PNG figures
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. [Neuropsychiatric comorbidity in HIV infection]
- Author
-
Santiago, Escobar-Urrejola, María Elena, Ceballos, and Pablo, Toro
- Subjects
Depressive Disorder, Major ,Prevalence ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,HIV Infections ,Comorbidity - Abstract
The prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders in HIV infected individuals is around 50%. Despite this, these diseases are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Direct effects of the virus, opportunistic infections, adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy and the sociocultural context of the infected persons, contribute to the development of HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and major depressive disorder (MDD), both of which have an impact in quality of life and disease progression.To introduce physicians in the pathophysiology, clinical features and management of psychiatric disease in seropositive patients.Early detection and treatment of neuropsychiatric comorbidity in HIV infected individuals improve clinical outcomes, quality of life and is an important milestone in the control of the pandemic.
- Published
- 2019
47. Proceso de vigilancia e inteligencia tecnológica competitiva para el Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de una empresa de productos de consumo
- Author
-
Santiago Escobar, Guadalupe Elideth, directora: Dra. Alejandra Herrera, and lectores: Mtro. Abel Arturo Arredondo Zamudio, Mtro. Ángel Otero Mac Kinne, Mtro. Edgar Ortíz Loyola Rivera Melo.
- Subjects
CIENCIAS SOCIALES ,Administración de sistemas de información - Procesamiento de datos ,Empresas - Administración - Automatización - Abstract
Estudio de caso (Maestría en Gestión de la Innovación Tecnológica) 1. Introducción 2. Problemática 3. Objetivo general 4. Objetivos específicos 5. Marco contextual 6. Marco teórico 7. Metodología 8. [Conclusiones].
- Published
- 2019
48. Turismo sostenible y desarrollo: análisis del desarrollo turístico sostenible colombiano mediante el estudio de la efectividad de los programas de asistencia al desarrollo como modelos de ayuda a la sostenibilidad local
- Author
-
Santiago Escobar, Diana Milena, Martinell, Alfons, and Universitat de Girona. Institut Superior d'Estudis Turístics
- Subjects
Sustainable tourism ,91 - Geografia. Viatges ,Colombia ,Colòmbia ,Turisme sostenible ,Turismo sostenible ,Cooperation ,Cooperativisme ,Indicadores ,332 - Economia regional i territorial. Economia del sòl i de la vivenda ,Indicadors ,Sustainable development ,Desenvolupament sostenible ,Cooperativismo ,Indicators ,Desarrollo sostenible - Abstract
The identification of cases that allow to identify if the relationship between international cooperation and tourism can be generator of good practices, in order to design a methodological tool to analyse and evaluate sustainable tourism planning processes in international development aid 2/2 programmes. A conceptual approach is made to the role of development, international cooperation and sustainable tourism, selecting different experiences that allow checking their current situation, in order to propose a methodological tool of indicators to evaluate the tourism sustainability within projects developed in communities with low level of development. International development aid programmes can encourage the promotion of tourism, but it must be borne in mind that, if all the interested parties are not involved, their management can have shortcomings, making the results of the project even more difficult, reaching negative impacts on the local community La identificación de casos que permitan conocer sí la relación que existe entre la cooperación internacional y turismo pueden llegar a ser generadores de buenas prácticas para poder diseñar una herramienta metodológica que permita analizar y evaluar los procesos de planificación sostenible del turismo en los programas de ayuda para el desarrollo. Se hace una aproximación conceptual al papel de desarrollo, cooperación internacional y turismo sostenible, seleccionando diferentes experiencias que permitan comprobar su situación actual, para plantear una propuesta metodológica de indicadores de sostenibilidad para evaluar la sostenibilidad turística de los proyectos en comunidades con bajo nivel de desarrollo. Los programas de ayuda al desarrollo pueden fomentar el impulso del turismo, pero se ha de tener en cuenta que, si no se involucra a todas las partes interesadas, su gestión puede llegar a tener falencias, dificultado el éxito de los resultados del proyecto, incluso llegando a producir impactos negativos en la comunidad local
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- 2019
49. Homeomorphic Embedding Modulo Combinations of Associativity and Commutativity Axioms
- Author
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María Alpuente, Angel Cuenca-Ortega, José Meseguer, and Santiago Escobar
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Computer science ,Modulo ,010102 general mathematics ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,Symbolic execution ,01 natural sciences ,Algebra ,Binary operation ,ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Embedding ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,0101 mathematics ,Commutative property ,Axiom ,Associative property - Abstract
The Homeomorphic Embedding relation has been amply used for defining termination criteria of symbolic methods for program analysis, transformation, and verification. However, homeomorphic embedding has never been investigated in the context of order-sorted rewrite theories that support symbolic execution methods modulo equational axioms. This paper generalizes the symbolic homeomorphic embedding relation to order–sorted rewrite theories that may contain various combinations of associativity and/or commutativity axioms for different binary operators. We systematically measure the performance of increasingly efficient formulations of the homeomorphic embedding relation modulo associativity and commutativity axioms. From our experimental results, we conclude that our most efficient version indeed pays off in practice.
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Neotropical xenarthrans: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics
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Guilherme Braga Ferreira, Javier de la Maza, Sandra M. C. Cavalcanti, Samir Gonçalves Rolim, Diana Letícia Kruger Pacheco Carvalho, Juan L. Peña-Mondragón, Jessica Castro-Prieto, Maria Luisa S. P. Jorge, Carlos De Angelo, Micheli Ribeiro Luiz, Daniel H. Thornton, Jesús A. Iglesias, Arthur Francisco Araújo Fernandes, Jonas Sponchiado, Juliani Bruna Zanoni, Lucas Lacerda Toth Quintilham, Thadeu Sobral-Souza, Daniel da Silva Ferraz, Rayana Diniz da Silva, Agustin Manuel Abba, María Eugenia Iezzi, Andreas Kindel, Flávia Regina Miranda, Gabriel Ivan Boaglio, Pamella Gusmão de Goés Brennand, Maurício Eduardo Graipel, Paula Alves Condé, Paulina Arroyo-Gerala, Rogério Cunha de Paula, Sebastián Andrés Costa, Natasha Moraes de Albuquerque, Teresa Cristina Anacleto, Erich Fischer, Adriano Garcia Chiarello, Fernando M. Contreras-Moreno, Roan McNab, André Luis Regolin, Zoila Vega Guarderas, Francesca Belem Lopes Palmeira, Rodrigo de Almeida Nobre, Marcia Maria de Assis Jardim, Diego Queirolo, Erika Castro, Luciano Carramaschi de Alagão Querido, Freddy Pérez-Garduza, Gabriel Favero Massocato, Karine Galisteo Diemer Lopes, Beatriz Fernandes Lima Luciano, Bruno Rodrigo de Albuquerque França, Enrique González, Giordano Ciocheti, Agustin Paviolo, Eleonore Z. F. Setz, Victor Gasperotto Krepschi, Felipe Martello, Juan Pablo Arrabal, Paulo de Tarso Zuquim Antas, Daiane Buscariol, Frederico Gemesio Lemos, Joana Zorzal Nodari, Cristiano Trapé Trinca, Fernanda Santos, Valéria da Cunha Tavares, Luis Renato Rezende Bernardo, Maria Angélica Barbosa Beccato, Juliana F. Ribeiro, Marina Ochoa Favarini, Alexine Keuroghlian, Cesar Rojano, Márcio Leite de Oliveira, Laura K. Honda, Lilian Elaine Rampim, Paloma Marques Santos, Nicolás Cantero, Helena Alves do Prado, Miriam Lucia Lages Perilli, Whaldener Endo, Diego Varela, Mauricio M. Núñez-Regueiro, Ernesto B.Viveiros de Castro, Fábio de Barros, Sebastián A. Ballari, Andreia Magro Moraes, Scarlat Dalva Ferreira, Lerrane de Fatima Cunha, William James Loughry, Ana Cecilia Ochoa, Alexandra Cravino Mol, Milton José de Paula, Igor Pfeifer Coelho, Samuel Eurich Betkowski, Erika de la Peña-Cuéllar, Milene Alves-Eigenheer, Evelyn Beatriz Brítez, Benoit de Thoisy, María Alicia de la Colina, Fabiana Lopes Rocha, Bibiana Gómez-Valencia, Cecília Licarião Luna, Hugo Fernandes-Ferreira, Gustavo Gonsioroski, Jeffrey J. Thompson, Deborah Faria, Izar Aximoff, Katyucha Von Kossel de Andrade Silva, Pierre-Cyril Renaud, Raone Beltrão-Mendes, Carlos Henrique Salvador, Alexandre Casagrande Faustino, Pedro Volkmer de Castilho, Paula Koeler Lira, Natalia Fraguas Versiani, Ricardo Sampaio, Santiago Carvalho, Marina Zanin, Geruza Leal Melo, Anne Karoline de Oliveira, Paulo Afonso Hartmann, Leonardo Carreira Trevelin, Marianela Velilla, Ana Raíssa Cunha Costa, Luiz Flamarion B. Oliveira, Patrício Adriano da Rocha, Carla Danielle de Melo-Soares, Dênis A. Sana, Danielle de Oliveira Moreira, Nivaldo Peroni, Carolina Depolito Melo, Marina Furlan Giubbina, José Julio de Toledo, Fredy Ramírez Pinto, Julio Chacón Pacheco, Javier Hinojosa, Pablo Gerardo Fernández Santiago, Maximiliano Augusto Benedetti, Vinícius Santana Orsini, Patrícia Gonçalves Guedes, Elisandra de Almeida Chiquito, Fabiane Girardi, Douglas de Matos Dias, Layla Reis de Andrade, Soledad de Bustos, Maria João Ramos Pereira, Wellington Hannibal, Mariana Bueno Landis, Juliano André Bogoni, Gindomar Gomes Santana, Eloisa Neves Mendonça, Miguel Coutinho Moretta Monteiro, Andre Monnerat Lanna, Isadora Beraldi Esperandio, Francys E. da Veiga da Costa, Sérgio Lucena Mendes, Wesley Dáttilo, Juan M. Campos Krauer, Sebastián Cirignoli, Fernando Gonçalves, Caryne Braga, Helena Godoy Bergallo, Ariane Teixeira Bertoldi, J. Antonio de la Torre, Luciana Souza Araújo, Paulo Marinho, Carla Cristina Gestich, Magnus Machado Severo, Ludmilla Oliveira Ribeiro, Juliane Pereira-Ribeiro, Jairo José Zocche, Mariana B. Nagy-Reis, Fernanda Zimmermann Teixeira, Fábio D. Mazim, Fernando Ferreira de Pinho, Leandro Perez Godoy, André Valle Nunes, Mozart C. Freitas-Junior, André Luiz Ferreira da Silva, Bruno Leles, Flávio Kulaif Ubaid, Fernando Pedroni, Vilmar Picinatto Filho, Sofia Marques Silva, Allison L. Devlin, Denise Lidoro de Mattia, William Douglas de Carvalho, Juan A. Martínez-Lanfranco, Marcela Alvares Oliveira, Bruna Silva Santos, Jorge Ferreira Lima Neto, Fernando Lima, Emiliano Guijosa-Guadarrama, Amadeo Sánchez, Juan I. Reppucci, Sixto Fernández Ramirez, Simonne Chinem, Ana Yoko Ykeuti Meiga, Vinicius A. G. Bastazini, Omar Correia Neto, Gabriel Lima Aguiar, Camila Cantagallo, Luiz H. Varzinczak, Italo Mourthe, Yamil Edgardo Di Blanco, Lydia Möcklinghoff, Bruna Gomes Oliveira, Stefani Gabrieli Age, Gabriel Preuss, Pryscilla Moura Lombardi, José Maurício Barbanti Duarte, Nicholas Gengler, Paul François Colas-Rosas, Paula Gonzalez Ciccia, Fernanda Guedes da Silva, Claudia Zukeran Kanda, Marcelo Hideki Yamane, Marina Lima da Silva, Gustavo Alvez da Costa Toledo, Cintia Gisele Tellaeche, Guilherme Cavicchioli, Larissa Oliveira Gonçalves, Juliana Silveira dos Santos, Alessandra Bertassoni, Newton Mota Filho, Nila Rássia Costa Gontijo, Maria Augusta Andrade da Silva, Guillermo E. Gil, Cyntia Cavalcante Santos, Alexandre Camargo Martensen, Anelise Montanarin, Barbara Zimbres, Anna Carolina Figueiredo de Albuquerque, Frédéric Delsuc, Mircea Mihart Hidalgo, Fernando R. Tortato, Breno Campelo Lima, Ana Cristina Mendes de Oliveira, Rodolfo Assis Magalhães, Eduardo Marques Santos, Ezequiel Pedó, Danianderson Rodrigues Carvalho, Marcelo Cervini, Antonio M. Mangione, Nereyda Falconi, Jose Roberto de Matos, Roberta Montanheiro Paolino, Mauricio Neves Godoi, Rodrigo Costa Araújo, Tayana Godim, Itiberê P. Bernardi, Daniel M. Casali, Alberto Gonzalez Gallina, Flávia P. Tirelli, Carlos Henrique de Freitas, Marcelo Juliano Rabelo Oliveira, Viviana B. Rojas Bonzi, Fernando A. Perini, Catalina Sánchez-Lalinde, Daniela Rodrigues Vasconcellos, Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros Ferraz, Juarez Carlos Brito Pezzuti, Julia Camara Assis, João Gabriel Ribeiro Giovanelli, Lucía Martínez Retta, Renata Twardowsky Ramalho Bonikowski, Rubem A.P. Dornas, Igor Kintopp Ribeiro, Alvaro García-Olaechea, Ricardo Sartorello, Camila Clozato Lara, Marcos Adriano Tortato, Clinton N. Jenkins, Anderson Feijó, Andrew J. Noss, Roque Lázaro de Gaspari Júnior, Alberto Yanosky, Gabriela Teixeira Duarte, Yaribeth Bravata de la Cruz, Erica Vanessa Maggiorini, Robson Odeli Espíndola Hack, Marcos de Souza Fialho, Noé U. de la Sancha, Camila Silveira Lima, Ricardo S. Bovendorp, Cláudia Bueno de Campos, Fernando Gaspari, Marcelo de Assumpção Pereira da Silva, Alexandre Reis Percequillo, Mauro Galetti, Manoel dos Santos-Filho, Filipe Pereira Rego Santos, Alexandre Martins Costa Lopes, Lucas Neves Perillo, Cindy M. Hurtado, Paula Akkawi, Lilian Bonjorne, Rony García Anleu, Julia Martinez Pardo, Anamélia de Souza Jesus, Ramon Lima Silva, Kena Ferrari Moreira da Silva, Franco L. Souza, Maria Santina de Castro Morini, Arnaud Leonard Jean Desbiez, Caroline Leuchtenberger, João Alves de Oliveira, Ailin Gatica, Luiza Neves Guimarães, Alan N. Costa, Gustavo Gabirele Gaspari, Colleen McDonough, Marcela Figuerêdo Duarte Moraes, Erick Francisco Aguiar, Átilla Colombo Ferreguetti, Denison José Henz, Adryelle Francisca de Souza Moreira, Eduardo G. Carrano, Cristina Jaques da Cunha, Edson Fiedler de Abreu-Júnior, Mariana Sampaio Xavier, Gabriel Selbach Hofmann, Ana Cristyna Reis Lacerda, Ricardo Corassa Arrais, Viviane Maria Guedes Layme, Paulo Ribeiro, Rodrigo Lima Massara, Francisco Grotta-Neto, Jéssica Caroline de Faria Falcão, Gustavo A. Marás, Milton Cezar Ribeiro, Elizandra de Matos Cardoso, Antonio Rossano Mendes Pontes, Armando Muniz Calouro, Tatiane Campos Trigo, Adriana Bocchiglieri, Bernardo Brandão Niebuhr, Otávio Santi Ribeiro, Wilson Roberto Spironello, Emiliano Esterci Ramalho, Ângela Camila Deffaci, Santiago Escobar, Rodrigo Raúl León Pérez, Akyllan Zoppi Medeiro, Ricardo Miranda Braga, Hugo Cabral, Maíra Benchimol, Sean Keuroghlian-Eaton, Juan Carlos Rudolf, Nina Attias, Felipe Moreli Fantacini, Jardel Brandão Seibert, Laura K. Marsh, Sérgio Bazilio, Laís dos Santos Everton, Fernando Cesar Cascelli de Azevedo, Marcelo Passamani, Liana Mara Mendes de Sena, Mario Henrique Alves, Franciane Almeida da Silva, Vinícius Peron de Oliveira Gasparotto, Karl-L. Schuchmann, Ana Carolina Srbek-Araujo, Emerson M. Vieira, Felipe Pedrosa, Clarissa Alves da Rosa, Ricardo Machado, Júlia Beduschi, Júlia Emi de Faria Oshima, Luiz Gustavo R. Oliveira-Santos, Henrique Villas Boas Concone, Alexandre Vogliotti, Leonardo Henrique da Silva, Débora Regina Yogui, Manuela Vieira dos Santos, Carlos Candia-Gallardo, Rafael Souza Cruz Alves, Marcelo Magioli, Adriano Pereira Paglia, Murillo Prado da Silva, Pablo Rodrigues Gonçalves, Marina Rivero, Jose Luis Cartes, Lívia de Almeida Rodrigues, Mayara Guimarães Beltrão, Felipe Bortolotto Peters, Jéssica Helena Mangueira Dias, Josué Santos Almeida, Robert L. Wallace, Ludmila Hufnagel, Daiane Cristina Carreira, Danielle D. Brown, Rogério Grassetto Teixeira da Cunha, Jorge José Cherem, Helio Secco, Pablo G. Perovic, Daniele Barcelos, Ubiratan Piovezan, Caetano Troncoso Oliveira, Elvira D'Bastiani, André Hirsch, Ana Maria de Oliveira Paschoal, Marina Xavier da Silva, Valeria Towns, Edgar Federico Rivadeneira, Marinêz Isaac Marques, Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato, Roxane Schaub, Marcus Vinícius Vieira, Ednaldo Cândido Rocha, Shirley Seixas Pereira Silva, Ingridi Camboim Franceschi, Rodrigo Ayala, Mariana Guenther, Fernando Carvalho, Paula Modenesi Ferreira, John Polisar, Rafael Reyna Hurtado, Burton K. Lim, Alejandro Jesus, Andressa Gatti, Agnis Cristiane de Souza, Pedro Henrique de Faria Peres, Luziene Conceição de Sousa, Gabriela S Oliveira, Alex Bager, Ana Kellen Nogueira Campelo, Marcell Soares Pinheiro, Carlos Eduardo Lustosa Esbérard, Marília A. S. Barros, Marcos Dums, Gabrielle Beca, Daniella Leal Ramos, Bruno Augusto Torres Parahyba Campos, Flavia Caruso, Marcelo Gordo, Diana Friedeberg, Fernanda Delborgo Abra, Luana Marina de Castro Mendonça, Carlos Benhur Kasper, Silvia Benito Santamaría, Fabio de Oliveira Roque, Cinthya Chiva dos Santos, Guilherme Mourão, José Fernando Moreira Ramírez, Rita de Cassia Bianchi, Mario S. Di Bitetti, Nacho Villar, Fernando C. Passos, Flávio Henrique Guimarães Rodrigues, Herbert Duarte, Sabrina Laurito, João Paulo Pandini Favoretti, Paula Cruz, Olivier Pays, Diego Astúa, Pedro Cordeiro Estrela, Saulo Ramos Lima, Cecília Bueno, Tadeu Gomes de Oliveira, Alessandro Rocha, Tainah Cruz Moreira, Laury Cullen, Lucas Lobo Barbosa, Carlos A. Peres, William Bercê, Sara Cortez, Raissa Danielle Praxedes Grangeiro, Rafael Hoogesteijn, Thiago Bernardes Maccarini, María José Andrade-Núñez, Carlos Eduardo Fragoso, Alex Augusto Abreu Bovo, Lucas Leuzinger, Nilton C. Cáceres, Luiz Henrique Medeiros Borges, Joceleia G. Koenemann, Nielson Pasqualotto, Rugieri Juárez, Graziele Oliveira Batista, Micaela Camino, Kathrin Burs, Andrezza Bellotto Nobre, Elildo A.R. Carvalho, Nathália Fernandes Canassa, Donald P. Eaton, Carlos Rodrigo Brocardo, Bráulio A. Santos, Fernanda Cavalcanti de Azevedo, Nicole da Rosa Oliveira, Thiago Ferreira Rodrigues, Verónica Andrea Quiroga, Bernardo Papi, André Luis Moura Botelho, Hugo Fernando del Castillo Cordero, Rosane Vieira Marques, Hugo Reis Medeiros, Gastón Andrés Fernandez Giné, Natalia Mariana Denkiewicz, Vinicius Rodrigues Tonetti, Rafael de Souza Laurindo, Paula Fabiana Pinheiro, Larissa L. Bailey, Martin Roberto Del Valle Alvarez, Ezequiel Vanderhoeven, Vinicius Alberici, Cynthia Elisa Widmer, Claudia Regina Silva, Leonardo Sartorello, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Marcos Santos P., Bocchiglieri A., Garcia Chiarello A., Pereira Paglia A., Moreira A., Souza A.C., Abba A.M., Gatica A., Zoppi Medeiro A., Costa A.N., Gonzalez Gallina A., Yanosky A., Jesus A., Bertassoni A., Rocha A., Abreu Bovo A.A., Bager A., Cravino Mol Alexandra, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales., Camargo Martensen A., Casagrande Faustino A., Martins Costa Lopes A., Reis Percequillo A., Vogliotti A., Keuroghlian A., Colina M.A., Devlin A., García-Olaechea A., Sánchez A., Srbek-Araujo A.C., Ochoa A.C., Mendes Oliveira A.C., Reis Lacerda A.C., Nogueira Campelo A.N., Oliveira Paschoal A.M., Cunha Costa A.R., Ykeuti Meiga A.Y., Souza Jesus A., Feijó A., Hirsch A., Ferreira da Silva A.F., Moura Botelho A.L., Regolin A.L., Monnerat Lanna A., Valle Nunes A., Kindel A., Magro Moraes A., Gatti A., Noss A., Bellotto Nobre A., Montanarin A., Deffaci A.C., Figueiredo de Albuquerque A.C., Oliveira A.K., Mangione A.M., Rossano Mendes Pontes A., Teixeira Bertoldi A., Muniz Calouro A., Desbiez A., Fernandes A., Colombo Ferreguetti A., Andrade da Silva M.A., Zimbres B., Fernandes Lima Luciano B., Thoisy B., Niebuhr B.B., Papi B., Gómez-Valencia B., Santos B., Campelo Lima B., Gomes Oliveira B., Silva Santos B., Torres Parahyba Campos B.A., Leles B., Albuquerque França B.R., Lim B., Troncoso Oliveira C., Cantagallo C., Clozato Lara C., Silveira Lima C., Gestich C.C., Melo-Soares C.D., Peres C., Benhur Kasper C., Candia-Gallardo C., Angelo C., Fragoso C.E., Freitas C.H., Salvador C.H., Brocardo C.R., Depolito Melo C., Leuchtenberger C., Braga C., Sánchez-Lalinde C., Bueno C., Licarião Luna C., Rojano C., Hurtado C.M., Santos C.C., Tellaeche C., Rosa C., Bueno de Campos C., Silva C.R., Zukeran Kanda C., Jenkins N., McDonough C., Trapé Trinca C., Jaques da Cunha C., Widmer C.E., Santos C., Buscariol D., Carreira D.C., Rodrigues Carvalho D., Silva Ferraz D., Casali D., Thornton D., Rodrigues Vasconcellos D., Barcelos D., Brown D., Leal Ramos D., Oliveira Moreira D., Yogui D.R., Faria D., Sana D.A., Lidoro de Mattia D., Henz D.J., Friedeberg D., Kruger Pacheco Carvalho D.L., Astúa D., Queirolo D., Varela D., Eaton D., Matos Dias D., Rivadeneira E.F., Rocha E.C., Abreu-Júnior E.F., Carrano E., Marques Santos E., Freire Setz E.Z., Alves Ribeiro Carvalho E., Almeida Chiquito E., Matos Cardoso E., Neves Mendonça E., D’Bastiani E., Vieira E., Ramalho E.E., Guijosa-Guadarrama E., González E., Maggiorini E.V., Fischer E., Aguiar E.F., Castro E.P., Peña-Cuéllar E., Viveiros de Castro E., Brítez E.B., Vanderhoeven E.A., Pedó E., Lopes Rocha F., Girardi F., Oliveira Roque F., Dias Mazim F., Monteiro de Barros F., Martello F., Moreli Fantacini F., Pedrosa F., Bortolotto Peters F., Delborgo Abra F., Cavalcanti de Azevedo F., Silva Santos F., Guedes da Silva F., Zimmermann Teixeira F., Araujo Perini F., Passos F., Carvalho F., Cascelli de Azevedo F.C., Ferreira de Pinho F., Gonçalves, Lima F., Contreras-Moreno F., Pedroni F., Tortato F.R., Pereira Rego Santos F., Caruso F., Pereira Tirelli F., Miranda F.R., Guimarães Rodrigues F.H., Kulaif Ubaid F., Lopes Palmeira F.B., Almeida da Silva F., Grotta-Neto F., Souza F.L., Costa F.E., Pérez-Garduza F., Delsuc F., Lemos F.G., Ramirez Pinto F., Boaglio G.I., Fávero Massocato G., Preuss G., Selbach Hofmann G., Lima Aguiar G., Schuck Oliveira G., Teixeira Duarte G., Beca G., Fernandez Giné G.A., Oliveira Batista G., Gil G.E., Gonsioroski G., Secco H., Reis Medeiros H., Pfeifer Coelho I., Camboim Franceschi I., Bernardi I., Torre J.A., Zocche J.J., Seibert J.B., Faria Falcão J.C., Mangueira Dias J.H., Zorzal Nodari J., Alves Oliveira J., Ribeiro Giovanelli J.G., Pandini Favoretti J.P., Polisar J., Sponchiado J., Cherem J.J., Moreira Ramírez J.F., Toledo J.J., Barbanti Duarte J.M., Matos J.R., Arrabal J.R., Faria Oshima J.E., Fernandes Ribeiro J., Bogoni J.A., Chacón Pacheco J.A., Schuchmann K., Ferraz K., Santos Everton L., Bailey L., Oliveira Gonçalves L., Cullen L., Reis de Andrade L., Carreira Trevelin L., Bonjorne L., Almeida Rodrigues L., Leuzinger L., Neves Perillo L., Souza Araújo L., Hufnagel L., Oliveira Ribeiro L., Rezende Bernardo L.R., Rodrigues Oliveira-Santos L.G., Varzinczak L.H., Medeiros Borges L.H., Neves Guimarães L.H., Möcklinghoff L., Alvares Oliveira M., Magioli M., Assis Jardim M.M., Leite de Oliveira M., Tortato M.A., Dums M., Iezzi M.E., Ramos Pereira M.J., Jorge M.J., Castro Morini M.S., Bueno Landis M., Sampaio Xavier M., Barros M., Lima da Silva M., Rivero M., Zanin M., Marques I.M., Alves M.H., Di Bitetti M., Alvarez M., Graipel M.E., Neves Godoi M., Benedetti M.A., Guimarães Beltrão M., Coutinho Moretta Monteiro M., Paula M.J., Lages Perilli M.L., Prado da Silva M., Villar N., Moraes De Albuquerque N., Canassa N., Mota Filho N., Rosa Oliveira N., Pasqualotto N., Cáceres N.C., Attias N., Ochoa Favarini M., Santi Ribeiro O., Rodrigues Gonçalves P., Rocha P.A., Alves Condé P., Akkawi P., Koeler Lira P., Cruz P., Modenesi Ferreira P., Arroyo-Gerala P., Hartmann P.A., Tarso Zuquim Antas P., Marinho P.H., Faria Peres P.H., Peña-Mondragón J.L., Moura Lombardi P., Souza Laurindo R., Souza Cruz Alves R., Praxedes Grangeiro R.D., Lima Silva R., Beltrão-Mendes R., Twardowsky Ramalho Bonikowski R., Reppucci J., Corassa Arrais R., Sampaio R., Sartorello R., Siqueira Bovendorp R., McNab R., Espíndola Hack R.O., Assis Magalhães R., Costa Araújo R., Almeida Nobre R., León Pérez R.R., Lima Massara R., Cunha de Paula R., García Anleu R., Vieira Marques R., Dornas R., Gonçalves Rolim S., Cavalcanti S., Ramos Lima S., Ballari S., Santamaría S.B., Marques Silva S., Age S.G., Godim T., Sobral-Souza T., Bernardes Maccarini T., Ferreira Rodrigues T., Piovezan U., Cunha Tavares V., Quiroga V.A., Gasperotto Krepschi V., Picinatto Filho V., Galvão Bastazini V.A., Oliveira Gasparotto V.P., Santana Orsini V., Guedes Layme V.M., Hannibal W., Dáttilo W., Carvalho W.D., Loughry W.J., Di Blanco Y.E., Núñez-Regueiro M., Furlan Giubbina M., Passamani M., Carramaschi de Alagão Querido L., Alvez da Costa Toledo G., Kintopp Ribeiro I., Quintilham L., Bustos S., Maza J., Ferreira Lima Neto J., Von Kossel de Andrade Silva K., Sartorello L., Rampim L.E., Marás G., Camino M., Freitas-Junior M.C., Perovic P.G., Montanheiro Paolino R., Ferreira S.D., Towns V., Beraldi Esperandio I., Aximoff A., Beduschi J., Guenther M., Cassia Bianchi R., Keuroghlian-Eaton K., Lucena Mendes S., Fatima Cunha L., Cirignoli S., Ciocheti G., Alves do Prado H., Fernandes-Ferreira F., Mendes de Sena L.M., Hideki Yamane M., Brennand P., Silva R.D., Escobar S., Endo W., Reyna Hurtado R., Costa Gontijo R., Marsh L., Machado Severo M., Martinez Pardo J., Costa S.A., Leal Melo G., Gomes Santana G., Miranda Mourão G., Gaspari G.G., Duarte H., Cabral H., Silva L.H., Mendonça L., Barbosa L.L., Vieira dos Santos M., Figuerêdo Duarte Moraes M., Gordo M., Fraguas Versiani N., Cantero N., Pays O., Gonçalves Guedes P., Colas-Rosas P.F., Ribeiro P., Renaud P.C., Hoogesteijn R.J., Ayala R., Grassetto Teixeira da Cunha R., Schaub R., Laurito S., Eurich Betkowski S., Cortez S., Pereira Silva S.S., Gomes de Oliveira T., Spironello W.R., Gengler N., Mihart Hidalgo M., Juárez R., Iglesias J., Anacleto T.C., Souza Fialho M., Cavicchioli G., Barbosa Beccato M.A., Silva M., Correia Neto O., Galisteo Diemer Lopes K., Perez Godoy L., Ribeiro Luiz M., Rojas Bonzi V., Braga Ferreira G., Rabelo Oliveira M.J., Hinojosa J., Barbosa de Oliveira L.F., Nagy-Reis M.B., Fernández Ramirez S., Villas Boas Concone H., Mourthe I., Martínez-Lanfranco J., Zanoni J.B., Cruz Moreira T., Vega Guarderas Z., Bazilio S., Cervini M., Soares Pinheiro M., Gonçalves Morato R., Peroni N., Campos Trigo T., Bomfim Machado R., Gaspari F., Koenemann J., Rudolf J.C., Benchimol M., Vieira M.V., Martínez Retta L., Fernández Santiago P.G., Gonzalez Ciccia P., Cordeiro Estrela P., Carvalho S., Lustosa Esbérard C.E., Bravata-de la Cruz Y., Castro-Prieto J., Miranda Braga R., Cartes J.L., Andrade-Núñez M.J., Denkiewicz N.M., Falconi N., Brito Pezzuti J.C., Castillo Cordero H.E., Conceição de Sousa L., Gaspari Júnior R.L., Santos-Filho M., Almeida J.S., Thompson J., Silveira dos Santos J., Pereira-Ribeiro J., Burs K., Ferrari Moreira da Silva K., Velilla M., Xavier da Silva M., Sancha N., Pinheiro P.F., Volkmer de Castilho P., Bercê W., Camara Assis J., Rodrigues Tonetti V., Alves-Eigenhee M., Chinem S., Honda L., Godoy Bergallo H., Alberici V., Wallace R., Campos Krauer J.M., Ribeiro M.C., and Galetti M.
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,NEOTROPICAL REGION ,biodiversity hotspot ,xenarthra ,habitat loss ,Pilosa ,HABITAT LOSS ,Forest fragmentation ,XENARTHRA ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,PILOSA ,Ciencias Biológicas ,Cingulata ,neotropical mammals ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,NEOTROPICAL MAMMALS ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,forest fragmentation ,BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT ,pilosa ,biology ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Xenarthra ,FOREST FRAGMENTATION ,Ecología ,biology.organism_classification ,Biodiversity hotspot ,Data set ,Geography ,Habitat destruction ,cingulata ,neotropical region ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,CINGULATA ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS - Abstract
Xenarthrans -anteaters, sloths, and armadillos- have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. Have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become. Fil: Marques Santos, Paloma. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Brasil Fil: Bocchiglieri, Adriana. Universidade Federal de Sergipe; Brasil Fil: Garcia Chiarello, Adriano. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Pereira Paglia, Adriano. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Brasil Fil: Moreira, Adryelle. Amplo Engenharia e Gestão de Projetos ; Brasil Fil: Abba, Agustin Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentina Fil: Paviolo, Agustin Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; Argentina Fil: Gatica, Ailin. Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; Argentina Fil: Ochoa, Ana Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; Argentina Fil: de Angelo, Carlos Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente.; Argentina Fil: Tellaeche, Cintia Gisele. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Centro de Estudios Ambientales Territoriales y Sociales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina Fil: Varela, Diego Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina Fil: Vanderhoeven, Ezequiel Andres. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Caruso, María Flavia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Administración de Parques Nacionales. Delegación Regional del Noroeste; Argentina Fil: Arrabal, Juan Pablo. Secretaria de Gobierno de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical - Sede Puerto Iguazú Misiones; Argentina. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico; Argentina Fil: Iezzi, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina Fil: Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina Fil: Cruz, Paula Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico; Argentina Fil: Reppucci, Juan Ignacio. Administración de Parques Nacionales. Delegación Regional del Noroeste; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Benito Santamaria, Silvia. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina Fil: Quiroga, Verónica Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina Fil: Di Blanco, Yamil Edgardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina Fil: Marás, Gustavo Arnaldo. Administración de Parques Nacionales. Delegación Regional del Noroeste; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Camino, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina Fil: Perovic, Pablo Gastón. Administración de Parques Nacionales. Delegación Regional del Noroeste; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Martínez Pardo, Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina Fil: Costa, Sebastián Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina Fil: Pinheiro, Fabiana. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Volkmer de Castilho, Pedro. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasil Fil: Bercê, William. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Camara Assis, Julia. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho. Faculdade de Engenharia.; Brasil Fil: Rodrigues Tonetti, Vinicius. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Alves Eigenheer, Milene. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Chinem, Simonne. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Honda, Laura K.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Bergallo, Helena de Godoy. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Alberici, Vinicius. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Wallace, Robert. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados Unidos Fil: Ribeiro, Milton Cezar. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Galetti, Mauro. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil
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