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1. Comparative Evaluation of Fundus Image Interpretation Accuracy in Glaucoma Screening Among Different Physician Groups

Author: Wada-Koike C, Terauchi R, Fukai K, Sano K, Nishijima E, Komatsu K, Ito K, Kato T, Tatemichi M, Kabata Y, and Nakano T
Subjects: glaucoma, fundus images, sensitivity, specificity, health checkup, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract: Chiharu Wada-Koike,1,&ast; Ryo Terauchi,1,&ast; Kota Fukai,2 Kei Sano,1 Euido Nishijima,1 Koji Komatsu,1 Kyoko Ito,3 Tomohiro Kato,3 Masayuki Tatemichi,2 Yoshiaki Kabata,4,&ast; Tadashi Nakano1 1Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; 3Centre for Preventive Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Daisan Hospital, Tokyo, Japan&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yoshiaki Kabata, Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Daisan Hospital, 4-11-1 Izumihontyou, Komae-si, Tokyo, 125-8506, Japan, Tel +81 3 3480 1151, Fax +81 3 3480 5700, Email kabata22122@gmail.comPurpose: To examine the variability in glaucoma screening using fundus images among physicians, including non-ophthalmologists.Patients and Methods: Sixty-nine eyes from 69 patients, including 25 eyes with glaucoma, were included from the Jikei University Hospital from July 2019 to December 2022. Fundus images were captured using TRC-NW8 (Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), and were interpreted by 10 non-ophthalmologists, 10 non-specialist ophthalmologists, and 9 specialists for diagnostic accuracy. We analyzed differences in diagnostic accuracy among the three groups. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Kappa coefficient were compared, using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by a post hoc Dunn’s test.Results: The sensitivity and specificity were 0.22 and 0.92 for non-ophthalmologists, 0.49 and 0.83 for non-specialist ophthalmologists, and 0.68 and 0.87 for specialists, respectively. Both specialists and non-specialist ophthalmologists showed significantly higher sensitivity than non-ophthalmologists (Dunn’s test, P< 0.001 and P=0.031). There was no significant difference in specificity among the three groups (Kruskal–Wallis test, P=0.086). The PPV did not differ significantly between the groups (Kruskal–Wallis test, P=0.108), while the NPV was significantly higher in specialists compared to non-ophthalmologists (Dunn’s test, P< 0.001). Specialists also had a significantly higher Kappa coefficient than non-ophthalmologists and non-specialist ophthalmologists (Dunn’s test, P< 0.001 and P=0.024).Conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy varied significantly based on the physician’s background.Keywords: glaucoma, fundus images, sensitivity, specificity, health checkup
Published: 2024

2. Search for Spatial Correlations of Neutrinos with Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays

Author: The ANTARES collaboration, Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gatelet, Y., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, LeStum, S., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martino, B., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Păun, A., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., collaboration, The IceCube, Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Alameddine, J. M., Alispach, C., Alves Jr., A. A., Amin, N. M., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Anton, G., Argüelles, C., Ashida, Y., Axani, S., Bai, X., V., A. Balagopal, Barbano, A., Barwick, S. W., Bastian, B., Basu, V., Baur, S., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. -H., Tjus, J. Becker, Bellenghi, C., BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Boddenberg, M., Bontempo, F., Borowka, J., Böser, S., Botner, O., Böttcher, J., Bourbeau, E., Bradascio, F., Braun, J., Brinson, B., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Browne, S., Burgman, A., Burley, R. T., Busse, R. S., Campana, M. A., Carnie-Bronca, E. G., Chen, C., Chen, Z., Chirkin, D., Choi, K., Clark, B. A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Dappen, C., Dave, P., De Clercq, C., DeLaunay, J. J., López, D. Delgado, Dembinski, H., Deoskar, K., Desai, A., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., DeYoung, T., Diaz, A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dittmer, M., Dujmovic, H., Dunkman, M., DuVernois, M. A., Dvorak, E., Ehrhardt, T., Eller, P., Erpenbeck, H., Evans, J., Evenson, P. A., Fan, K. L., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feigl, N., Fiedlschuster, S., Fienberg, A. T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer, L., Fox, D., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Fürst, P., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Ganster, E., Garcia, A., Garrappa, S., Gerhardt, L., Ghadimi, A., Glaser, C., Glauch, T., Glüsenkamp, T., Gonzalez, J. G., Goswami, S., Grant, D., Grégoire, T., Griswold, S., Günther, C., Gutjahr, P., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halliday, R., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Minh, M. Ha, Hanson, K., Hardin, J., Harnisch, A. A., Haungs, A., Hebecker, D., Helbing, K., Henningsen, F., Hettinger, E. C., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, C., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Hoshina, K., Huber, M., Huber, T., Hultqvist, K., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., Hymon, K., In, S., Iovine, N., Ishihara, A., Jansson, M., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jin, M., Jones, B. J. P., Kang, D., Kang, W., Kang, X., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Kardum, L., Karg, T., Karl, M., Karle, A., Kauer, M., Kellermann, M., Kelley, J. L., Kheirandish, A., Kin, K., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Klein, S. R., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Kontrimas, T., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Koundal, P., Kovacevich, M., Kowalski, M., Kozynets, T., Kun, E., Kurahashi, N., Lad, N., Gualda, C. Lagunas, Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Lauber, F., Lazar, J. P., Lee, J. W., Leonard, K., Leszczyńska, A., Li, Y., Lincetto, M., Liu, Q. R., Liubarska, M., Lohfink, E., Mariscal, C. J. Lozano, Lucarelli, F., Ludwig, A., Luszczak, W., Lyu, Y., Ma, W. Y., Madsen, J., Mahn, K. B. M., Makino, Y., Mancina, S., Martinez-Soler, I., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., McElroy, T., McNally, F., Mead, J. V., Meagher, K., Mechbal, S., Medina, A., Meier, M., Meighen-Berger, S., Micallef, J., Mockler, D., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Morse, R., Moulai, M., Naab, R., Nagai, R., Naumann, U., Necker, J., Nguyên, L. V., Niederhausen, H., Nisa, M. U., Nowicki, S. C., Pollmann, A. Obertacke, Oehler, M., Oeyen, B., Olivas, A., O'Sullivan, E., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Park, N., Parker, G. K., Paudel, E. N., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Peters, L., Peterson, J., Philippen, S., Pieper, S., Pittermann, M., Pizzuto, A., Plum, M., Popovych, Y., Porcelli, A., Rodriguez, M. Prado, Price, P. B., Pries, B., Przybylski, G. T., Raab, C., Rack-Helleis, J., Raissi, A., Rameez, M., Rawlins, K., Rea, I. C., Rehman, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimann, R., Renzi, G., Resconi, E., Reusch, S., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Roberts, E. J., Robertson, S., Roellinghoff, G., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Cantu, D. Rysewyk, Safa, I., Saffer, J., Herrera, S. E. Sanchez, Sandrock, A., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Schaufel, M., Schindler, S., Schmidt, T., Schneider, A., Schneider, J., Schröder, F. G., Schumacher, L., Schwefer, G., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Sharma, A., Shefali, S., Silva, M., Skrzypek, B., Smithers, B., Snihur, R., Soedingrekso, J., Soldin, D., Spannfellner, C., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stachurska, J., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stein, R., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stürwald, T., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Taboada, I., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Tischbein, F., Tollefson, K., Tönnis, C., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Trettin, A., Tselengidou, M., Tung, C. F., Turcati, A., Turcotte, R., Turley, C. F., Twagirayezu, J. P., Ty, B., Elorrieta, M. A. Unland, Valtonen-Mattila, N., Vandenbroucke, J., van Eijndhoven, N., Vannerom, D., van Santen, J., Verpoest, S., Walck, C., Watson, T. B., Weaver, C., Weigel, P., Weindl, A., Weiss, M. J., Weldert, J., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Weyrauch, M., Whitehorn, N., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wolf, M., Woschnagg, K., Wrede, G., Wulff, J., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yoshida, S., Yu, S., Yuan, T., Zhang, Z., Zhelnin, P., collaboration, The Pierre Auger, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Batista, R. Alves, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Bhatta, G., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia dos, Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Palma, F., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Mendes, L. M. Domingues, Anjos, R. C. dos, Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Vegas, A. L. Garcia, Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Karastathis, N., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Covilakam, V. V. Kizakke, Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, F., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Presti, D. Lo, Lopes, L., López, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. Machado, Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Nicora, G., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Martins, E. E. Pereira, Armand, J. Perez, Bertolli, C. Pérez, Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Szadkowski, Z., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., collaboration, The Telescope Array, Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Arai, Y., Arimura, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Buckland, I., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Fujisue, K., Fujita, K., Fujiwara, R., Fukushima, M., Fukushima, R., Furlich, G., Globus, N., Gonzalez, R., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, M., Hayashida, N., He, H., Hibino, K., Higuchi, R., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inadomi, T., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwakura, H., Iwasaki, A., Jeong, H. M., Jeong, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kasami, S., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kawata, K., Kharuk, I., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. W., Kimura, Y., Kishigami, S., Kubota, Y., Kurisu, S., Kuzmin, V., Kuznetsov, M., Kwon, Y. J., Lee, K. H., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Machida, K., Matsumiya, H., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Mayta, R., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Nagataki, S., Nakai, K., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nakamura, Y., Nakazawa, A., Nishio, E., Nonaka, T., Oda, H., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oku, Y., Okuda, T., Omura, Y., Ono, M., Onogi, R., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Potts, M., Pshirkov, M. S., Remington, J., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G. I., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sahara, R., Saito, Y., Sakaki, N., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sano, K., Sato, K., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shah, P. D., Shibasaki, Y., Shibata, F., Shibata, N., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Shinto, D., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sone, N., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, Y., Takamura, M., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanoue, Y., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsuda, R., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Uehama, T., Urban, F., Warren, D., Wong, T., Yamamoto, M., Yamazaki, K., Yashiro, K., Yoshida, F., Yoshioka, Y., Zhezher, Y., and Zundel, Z.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: For several decades, the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been an unsolved question of high-energy astrophysics. One approach for solving this puzzle is to correlate UHECRs with high-energy neutrinos, since neutrinos are a direct probe of hadronic interactions of cosmic rays and are not deflected by magnetic fields. In this paper, we present three different approaches for correlating the arrival directions of neutrinos with the arrival directions of UHECRs. The neutrino data is provided by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and ANTARES, while the UHECR data with energies above $\sim$50 EeV is provided by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. All experiments provide increased statistics and improved reconstructions with respect to our previous results reported in 2015. The first analysis uses a high-statistics neutrino sample optimized for point-source searches to search for excesses of neutrinos clustering in the vicinity of UHECR directions. The second analysis searches for an excess of UHECRs in the direction of the highest-energy neutrinos. The third analysis searches for an excess of pairs of UHECRs and highest-energy neutrinos on different angular scales. None of the analyses has found a significant excess, and previously reported over-fluctuations are reduced in significance. Based on these results, we further constrain the neutrino flux spatially correlated with UHECRs., Comment: 39 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables; updated source files including xml authorlist
Published: 2022
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3. Observation of Variations in Cosmic Ray Single Count Rates During Thunderstorms and Implications for Large-Scale Electric Field Changes

Author: Abbasi, R. U., Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Arai, Y., Arimura, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Buckland, I., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Fujii, T., Fujisue, K., Fujita, K., Fujiwara, R., Fukushima, M., Fukushima, R., Furlich, G., Globus, N., Gonzalez, R., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, M., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Higuchi, R., Honda, K., Husseini, N., Ikeda, D., Inadomi, T., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwakura, H., Iwasaki, A., Jeong, H. M., Jeong, S., Johnson, H., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kasami, S., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kawata, K., Kharuk, I., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, M. H., Kim, S. W., Kimura, Y., Kishigami, S., Kubota, Y., Kurisu, S., Kuzmin, V., Kuznetsov, M., Kwon, Y. J., Lee, K. H., LeVon, R., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lundquist, J. P., Machida, K., Matsumiya, H., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Mayta, R., Mazich, J., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Myers, P., Nagataki, S., Nakai, K., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nakamura, Y., Nakazawa, A., Nishio, E., Nonaka, T., OBrien, K., Oda, H., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oku, Y., Okuda, T., Omura, Y., Ono, M., Onogi, R., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Potts, M., Pshirkov, M. S., Remington, J., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G. I., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sahara, R., Saito, Y., Sakaki, N., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sano, K., Sato, K., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shah, P. D., Shibasaki, Y., Shibata, F., Shibata, N., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Shinto, D., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sone, N., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, Y., Takamura, M., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanoue, Y., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsuda, R., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Uehama, T., Urban, F., Wong, T., Yamamoto, M., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yashiro, K., Yoshida, F., Yoshioka, Y., Zhezher, Y., and Zundel, Z.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract: We present the first observation by the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD) of the effect of thunderstorms on the development of cosmic ray single count rate intensity over a 700 km$^{2}$ area. Observations of variations in the secondary low-energy cosmic ray counting rate, using the TASD, allow us to study the electric field inside thunderstorms, on a large scale, as it progresses on top of the 700 km$^{2}$ detector, without dealing with the limitation of narrow exposure in time and space using balloons and aircraft detectors. In this work, variations in the cosmic ray intensity (single count rate) using the TASD, were studied and found to be on average at the $\sim(0.5-1)\%$ and up to 2\% level. These observations were found to be both in excess and in deficit. They were also found to be correlated with lightning in addition to thunderstorms. These variations lasted for tens of minutes; their footprint on the ground ranged from 6 to 24 km in diameter and moved in the same direction as the thunderstorm. With the use of simple electric field models inside the cloud and between cloud to ground, the observed variations in the cosmic ray single count rate were recreated using CORSIKA simulations. Depending on the electric field model used and the direction of the electric field in that model, the electric field magnitude that reproduces the observed low-energy cosmic ray single count rate variations was found to be approximately between 0.2-0.4 GV. This in turn allows us to get a reasonable insight on the electric field and its effect on cosmic ray air showers inside thunderstorms.
Published: 2021
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4. Indications of a Cosmic Ray Source in the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster

Author: Telescope Array Collaboration, Abbasi, R. U., Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Arai, Y., Arimura, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Buckland, I., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Fujii, T., Fujisue, K., Fujita, K., Fujiwara, R., Fukushima, M., Fukushima, R., Furlich, G., Globus, N., Gonzalez, R., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, M., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Higuchi, R., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inadomi, T., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwakura, H., Iwasaki, A., Jeong, H. M., Jeong, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kasami, S., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kawata, K., Kharuk, I., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, M. H., Kim, S. W., Kimura, Y., Kishigami, S., Kubota, Y., Kurisu, S., Kuzmin, V., Kuznetsov, M., Kwon, Y. J., Lee, K. H., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lundquist, J. P., Machida, K., Matsumiya, H., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Mayta, R., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Nagataki, S., Nakai, K., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nakamura, Y., Nakazawa, A., Nishio, E., Nonaka, T., Oda, H., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oku, Y., Okuda, T., Omura, Y., Ono, M., Onogi, R., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Potts, M., Pshirkov, M. S., Remington, J., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G. I., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sahara, R., Saito, Y., Sakaki, N., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sano, K., Sato, K., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shah, P. D., Shibasaki, Y., Shibata, F., Shibata, N., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Shinto, D., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sone, N., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, Y., Takamura, M., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanoue, Y., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsuda, R., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Uehama, T., Urban, F., Wong, T., Yamamoto, M., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yashiro, K., Yoshida, F., Yoshioka, Y., Zhezher, Y., and Zundel, Z.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The Telescope Array Collaboration has observed an excess of events with $E \ge 10^{19.4} ~{\rm eV}$ in the data which is centered at (RA, dec) = ($19^\circ$, $35^\circ$). This is near the center of the Perseus-Pisces supercluster (PPSC). The PPSC is about $70 ~{\rm Mpc}$ distant and is the closest supercluster in the Northern Hemisphere (other than the Virgo supercluster of which we are a part). A Li-Ma oversampling analysis with $20^\circ$-radius circles indicates an excess in the arrival direction of events with a local significance of about 4 standard deviations. The probability of having such excess close to the PPSC by chance is estimated to be 3.5 standard deviations. This result indicates that a cosmic ray source likely exists in that supercluster., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Published: 2021

5. Association Between Timed Up-and-Go Test and Future Changes in the Frailty Status in a Longitudinal Study of Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Author: Wada Y, Shojima K, Tamaki K, Mori T, Kusunoki H, Onishi M, Tsuji S, Matsuzawa R, Nagai K, Sano K, Hashimoto K, Goto M, Nagasawa Y, and Shinmura K
Subjects: frailty, cardiovascular health study, older adults, physical function, timed up-and-go test, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract: Yosuke Wada,1,2 Kensaku Shojima,1 Kayoko Tamaki,1 Takara Mori,1,3 Hiroshi Kusunoki,1,4 Masaaki Onishi,5 Shotaro Tsuji,5,6 Ryota Matsuzawa,7 Koutatsu Nagai,7 Kyoko Sano,8 Kana Hashimoto,9 Masashi Goto,10 Yasuyuki Nagasawa,1 Ken Shinmura1,10 1Department of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan; 2Roppou Clinic, Toyooka, Hyogo, Japan; 3Amagasaki Medical COOP Honden Clinic, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan; 5Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan; 6Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tatsuno City Hospital, Tatsuno, Japan; 7Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University, Kobe, Japan; 8Takarazuka Rehabilitation Hospital, Takarazuka, Japan; 9School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Kobe, Japan; 10Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Hyogo Medical University, Sasayama Medical Center, Tambasasayama, JapanCorrespondence: Ken Shinmura, Department of General Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan, Tel +81-798-45-6865, Fax +81-798-45-6977, Email ke-shimmura@hyo-med.ac.jpPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between timed up-and-go (TUG) test time and changes in frailty status in a longitudinal cohort study of rural Japanese older adults.Patients and Methods: This prospective cohort study included 545 community-dwelling older adults. Initial and 2-year follow-up surveys were conducted. We compared the number of the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study components during the follow-up period and classified the participants into three groups: the favorable change, unchanged as prefrail, and unfavorable change groups. Associations between changes in frailty status and TUG time in the first survey were examined. The predictive ability of the TUG test was determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: The favorable change group comprised 315 individuals (57.8%), the unchanged as prefrail group 105 (19.2%), and the unfavorable change group 125 (22.9%). TUG time was associated with the favorable and unfavorable changes after adjustment for covariates (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68– 0.92, P=0.001 and OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09– 1.49, P=0.002). The ROC curve of TUG time as a predictor of unfavorable changes showed an area under the curve of 0.59. A cut-off point of TUG was calculated as 6.3 s with 49.6% sensitivity and 66.0% specificity.Conclusion: TUG time in the first survey was significantly associated with changes in frailty status 2 years later. However, its predictive value as a stand-alone test is limited and has the potential to predict future changes in the frailty status in older adults in combination with other tests.Keywords: frailty, cardiovascular health study, older adults, physical function, timed up-and-go test
Published: 2023

6. Surface detectors of the TAx4 experiment

Author: Telescope Array Collaboration, Abbasi, R. U., Abe, M., Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Arai, Y., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Fujii, T., Fujisue, K., Fujita, K., Fujiwara, R., Fukushima, M., Fukushima, R., Furlich, G., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, M., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Higuchi, R., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inadomi, T., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwakura, H., Jeong, H. M., Jeong, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kasami, S., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kawata, K., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, M. H., Kim, S. W., Kimura, Y., Kishigami, S., Kuzmin, V., Kuznetsov, M., Kwon, Y. J., Lee, K. H., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lundquist, J. P., Machida, K., Matsumiya, H., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Mayta, R., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Nagataki, S., Nakai, K., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nakamura, Y., Nonaka, T., Oda, H., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oku, Y., Okuda, T., Omura, Y., Ono, M., Onogi, R., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Remington, J., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G. I., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sahara, R., Saito, Y., Sakaki, N., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sano, K., Sato, K., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shibata, N., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Shinto, D., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sone, N., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Suzawa, T., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, Y., Takamura, M., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanoue, Y., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsuda, R., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Uehama, T., Urban, F., Wong, T., Yada, K., Yamamoto, M., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yashiro, K., Yoshida, F., Zhezher, Y., and Zundel, Z.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Telescope Array (TA) is the largest ultrahigh energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) observatory in the Northern Hemisphere. It explores the origin of UHECRs by measuring their energy spectrum, arrival-direction distribution, and mass composition using a surface detector (SD) array covering approximately 700 km$^2$ and fluorescence detector (FD) stations. TA has found evidence for a cluster of cosmic rays with energies greater than 57 EeV. In order to confirm this evidence with more data, it is necessary to increase the data collection rate.We have begun building an expansion of TA that we call TAx4. In this paper, we explain the motivation, design, technical features, and expected performance of the TAx4 SD. We also present TAx4's current status and examples of the data that have already been collected., Comment: 26 pages, 17 figures, submitted to Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A
Published: 2021
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7. Observations of the Origin of Downward Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes

Author: Belz, J. W., Krehbiel, P. R., Remington, J., Stanley, M. A., Abbasi, R. U., LeVon, R., Rison, W., Rodeheffer, D., Collaboration, the Telescope Array Scientific, Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Barcikowski, E., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Byrne, M., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chikawa, M., di Matteo, A., Fujii, T., Fujita, K., Fujiwara, R., Fukushima, M., Furlich, G., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, M., Hayashi, Y., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inadomi, T., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwakura, H., Jeong, H. M., Jeong, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kasami, S., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawata, K., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kuzmin, V., Kuznetsov, M., Kwon, Y. J., Lee, K. H., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lundquist, J. P., Machida, K., Matsumiya, H., Matthews, J. N., Matuyama, T., Mayta, R., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Nagataki, S., Nakai, K., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nakamura, Y., Nonaka, T., Oda, H., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oku, Y., Okuda, T., Omura, Y., Ono, M., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Potts, M., Pshirkov, M. S., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sahara, R., Saito, K., Saito, Y., Sakaki, N., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sano, K., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sone, N., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanoue, Y., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Uehama, T., Urban, F., Wallace, M., Wong, T., Yamamoto, M., Yamaoka, H., Yamazaki, K., Yashiro, K., Yosei, M., Yoshii, H., Zhezher, Y., and Zundel, Z.
Subjects: Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In this paper we report the first close, high-resolution observations of downward-directed terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) detected by the large-area Telescope Array cosmic ray observatory, obtained in conjunction with broadband VHF interferometer and fast electric field change measurements of the parent discharge. The results show that the TGFs occur during strong initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) in the first few milliseconds of negative cloud-to-ground and low-altitude intracloud flashes, and that the IBPs are produced by a newly-identified streamer-based discharge process called fast negative breakdown. The observations indicate the relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREAs) responsible for producing the TGFs are initiated by embedded spark-like transient conducting events (TCEs) within the fast streamer system, and potentially also by individual fast streamers themselves. The TCEs are inferred to be the cause of impulsive sub-pulses that are characteristic features of classic IBP sferics. Additional development of the avalanches would be facilitated by the enhanced electric field ahead of the advancing front of the fast negative breakdown. In addition to showing the nature of IBPs and their enigmatic sub-pulses, the observations also provide a possible explanation for the unsolved question of how the streamer to leader transition occurs during the initial negative breakdown, namely as a result of strong currents flowing in the final stage of successive IBPs, extending backward through both the IBP itself and the negative streamer breakdown preceding the IBP., Comment: Typo fixed and reference added. Manuscript is 36 pages. Supplemental Information is 42 pages. This paper is to be published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. Online data repository: Open Science Framework DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/Z3XDA
Published: 2020
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8. Search for Large-scale Anisotropy on Arrival Directions of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays Observed with the Telescope Array Experiment

Author: Telescope Array Collaboration, Abbasi, R. U., Abe, M., Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., di Matteo, A., Fujii, T., Fujisue, K., Fujita, K., Fujiwara, R., Fukushima, M., Furlich, G., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, M., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Higuchi, R., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inadomi, T., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ishimori, R., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwakura, H., Jeong, H. M., Jeong, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kasami, S., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kawata, K., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, M. H., Kim, S. W., Kishigami, S., Kuzmin, V., Kuznetsov, M., Kwon, Y. J., Lee, K. H., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lundquist, J. P., Machida, K., Matsumiya, H., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Mayta, R., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Nagataki, S., Nakai, K., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nakamura, Y., Nonaka, T., Oda, H., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oku, Y., Okuda, T., Omura, Y., Ono, M., Onogi, R., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Remington, J., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sahara, R., Saito, Y., Sakaki, N., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sano, K., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sone, N., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Suzawa, T., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, Y., Takamura, M., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanoue, Y., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Uehama, T., Urban, F., Wong, T., Yada, K., Yamamoto, M., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yashiro, K., Yosei, M., Zhezher, Y., and Zundel, Z.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Motivated by the detection of a significant dipole structure in the arrival directions of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays above 8 EeV reported by the Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger), we search for a large-scale anisotropy using data collected with the surface detector array of the Telescope Array Experiment (TA). With 11 years of TA data, a dipole structure in a projection of the right ascension is fitted with an amplitude of 3.3+- 1.9% and a phase of 131 +- 33 degrees. The corresponding 99% confidence-level upper limit on the amplitude is 7.3%. At the current level of statistics, the fitted result is compatible with both an isotropic distribution and the dipole structure reported by Auger., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, Proofed title. Added journal reference and DOI
Published: 2020
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9. Measurement of the Proton-Air Cross Section with Telescope Array's Black Rock Mesa and Long Ridge Fluorescence Detectors, and Surface Array in Hybrid Mode

Author: Abbasi, R. U., Abe, M., Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., di Matteo, A., Fujii, T., Fujisue, K., Fujita, K., Fujiwara, R., Fukushima, M., Furlich, G., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, M., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Higuchi, R., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inadomi, T., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ishimori, R., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwakura, H., Jeong, H. M., Jeong, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kasami, S., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kawata, K., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, M. H., Kim, S. W., Kishigami, S., Kuzmin, V., Kuznetsov, M., Kwon, Y. J., Lee, K. H., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lundquist, J. P., Machida, K., Matsumiya, H., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Mayta, R., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Nagataki, S., Nakai, K., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nakamura, Y., Nonaka, T., Oda, H., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oku, Y., Okuda, T., Omura, Y., Ono, M., Onogi, R., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Remington, J., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sahara, R., Saito, Y., Sakaki, N., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sano, K., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sone, N., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Suzawa, T., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, Y., Takamura, M., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanoue, Y., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Uehama, T., Urban, F., Wong, T., Yada, K., Yamamoto, M., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yashiro, K., Yosei, M., Zhezher, Y., and Zundel, Z.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Ultra high energy cosmic rays provide the highest known energy source in the universe to measure proton cross sections. Though conditions for collecting such data are less controlled than an accelerator environment, current generation cosmic ray observatories have large enough exposures to collect significant statistics for a reliable measurement for energies above what can be attained in the lab. Cosmic ray measurements of cross section use atmospheric calorimetry to measure depth of air shower maximum ($X_{\mathrm{max}}$), which is related to the primary particle's energy and mass. The tail of the $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ distribution is assumed to be dominated by showers generated by protons, allowing measurement of the inelastic proton-air cross section. In this work the proton-air inelastic cross section measurement, $\sigma^{\mathrm{inel}}_{\mathrm{p-air}}$, using data observed by Telescope Array's Black Rock Mesa and Long Ridge fluorescence detectors and surface detector array in hybrid mode is presented. $\sigma^{\mathrm{inel}}_{\mathrm{p-air}}$ is observed to be $520.1 \pm 35.8$[Stat.] $^{+25.0}_{-40}$[Sys.]~mb at $\sqrt{s} = 73$ TeV. The total proton-proton cross section is subsequently inferred from Glauber formalism and is found to be $\sigma^{\mathrm{tot}}_{\mathrm{pp}} = 139.4 ^{+23.4}_{-21.3}$ [Stat.]$ ^{+15.0}_{-24.0}$[Sys.]~mb.
Published: 2020
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10. Evidence for a Supergalactic Structure of Magnetic Deflection Multiplets of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays

Author: Telescope Array Collaboration, Abbasi, R. U., Abe, M., Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., di Matteo, A., Fujii, T., Fujisue, K., Fujita, K., Fujiwara, R., Fukushima, M., Furlich, G., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, M., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Higuchi, R., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inadomi, T., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ishimori, R., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwakura, H., Jeong, H. M., Jeong, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kasami, S., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kawata, K., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, M. H., Kim, S. W., Kishigami, S., Kuzmin, V., Kuznetsov, M., Kwon, Y. J., Lee, K. H., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lundquist, J. P., Machida, K., Matsumiya, H., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Mayta, R., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Nagataki, S., Nakai, K., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nakamura, Y., Nonaka, T., Oda, H., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oku, Y., Okuda, T., Omura, Y., Ono, M., Onogi, R., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Remington, J., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sahara, R., Saito, Y., Sakaki, N., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sano, K., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sone, N., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Suzawa, T., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, Y., Takamura, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanoue, Y., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Uehama, T., Urban, F., Wong, T., Yada, K., Yamamoto, M., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yashiro, K., Yosei, M., Zhezher, Y., and Zundel, Z.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Evidence for a large-scale supergalactic cosmic ray multiplet (arrival directions correlated with energy) structure is reported for ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) energies above 10$^{19}$ eV using seven years of data from the Telescope Array (TA) surface detector and updated to 10 years. Previous energy-position correlation studies have made assumptions regarding magnetic field shapes and strength, and UHECR composition. Here the assumption tested is that, since the supergalactic plane is a fit to the average matter density of the local Large Scale Structure (LSS), UHECR sources and intervening extragalactic magnetic fields are correlated with this plane. This supergalactic deflection hypothesis is tested by the entire field-of-view (FOV) behavior of the strength of intermediate-scale energy-angle correlations. These multiplets are measured in spherical cap section bins (wedges) of the FOV to account for coherent and random magnetic fields. The structure found is consistent with supergalactic deflection, the previously published energy spectrum anisotropy results of TA (the hotspot and coldspot), and toy-model simulations of a supergalactic magnetic sheet. The seven year data post-trial significance of this supergalactic structure of multiplets appearing by chance, on an isotropic sky, is found by Monte Carlo simulation to be 4.2$\sigma$. The ten years of data post-trial significance is 4.1$\sigma$. Furthermore, the starburst galaxy M82 is shown to be a possible source of the TA Hotspot, and an estimate of the supergalactic magnetic field using UHECR measurements is presented.
Published: 2020

11. MIRIS observation of near-infrared diffuse Galactic light

Author: Onishi, Y., Sano, K., Matsuura, S., Jeong, W. -S., Pyo, J., Kim, I. -J., Seo, H. J., Han, W., Lee, D. -H., Moon, B., Park, W. -K., Park, Y., Kim, M. G., Matsumoto, T., Matsuhara, H., Nakagawa, T., Tsumura, K., Shirahata, M., Arai, T., and Ienaka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We report near-infrared (IR) observations of high Galactic latitude clouds to investigate diffuse Galactic light (DGL), which is starlight scattered by interstellar dust grains. The observations were performed at $1.1$ and $1.6\,\rm{\mu m}$ with a wide-field camera instrument, the Multi-purpose Infra-Red Imaging System (MIRIS) onboard the Korean satellite STSAT-3. The DGL brightness is measured by correlating the near-IR images with a far-IR $100\,\rm{\mu m}$ map of interstellar dust thermal emission. The wide-field observation of DGL provides the most accurate DGL measurement achieved to date. We also find a linear correlation between optical and near-IR DGL in the MBM32 field. To study interstellar dust properties in MBM32, we adopt recent dust models with or without $\rm{\mu m}$-sized very large grains and predict the DGL spectra, taking into account reddening effect of interstellar radiation field. The result shows that observed color of the near-IR DGL is closer to the model spectra without very large grains. This may imply that dust growth in the observed MBM32 field is not active owing to its low density of interstellar medium., Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures, accepted for PASJ
Published: 2018
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12. Evidence for Declination Dependence of the Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Spectrum in the Northern Hemisphere

Author: Abbasi, R. U., Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Arai, Y., Arimura, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Buckland, I., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Fujii, T., Fujisue, K., Fujita, K., Fujiwara, R., Fukushima, M., Fukushima, R., Furlich, G., Globus, N., Gonzalez, R., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, M., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Higuchi, R., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inadomi, T., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwakura, H., Iwasaki, A., Jeong, H. M., Jeong, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kasami, S., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kawata, K., Kharuk, I., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, M. H., Kim, S. W., Kimura, Y., Kishigami, S., Kubota, Y., Kurisu, S., Kuzmin, V., Kuznetsov, M., Kwon, Y. J., Lee, K. H., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lundquist, J. P., Machida, K., Matsumiya, H., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Mayta, R., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Nagataki, S., Nakai, K., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nakamura, Y., Nakazawa, A., Nishio, E., Nonaka, T., Oda, H., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oku, Y., Okuda, T., Omura, Y., Ono, M., Onogi, R., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Potts, M., Pshirkov, M. S., Remington, J., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G. I., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sahara, R., Saito, Y., Sakaki, N., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sano, K., Sato, K., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shah, P. D., Shibasaki, Y., Shibata, F., Shibata, N., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Shinto, D., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sone, N., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, Y., Takamura, M., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanoue, Y., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsuda, R., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Uehama, T., Urban, F., Wong, T., Yamamoto, M., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yashiro, K., Yoshida, F., Yoshioka, Y., Zhezher, Y., and Zundel, Z.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Telescope Array (TA) is the largest experiment in the Northern Hemisphere studying ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. TA measurements of the cosmic ray spectrum using the surface detector have the best statistical power in the experiment, and observe the ankle of the spectrum and the high energy cutoff. When the data are divided into two declination bands, above and below 24.8 degrees, the cutoff appears at $10^{19.64 \pm 0.04}$ ($10^{19.84 \pm 0.02}$) eV in the lower (higher) band, an energy difference of 58\%. The global significance of the difference is 4.3 standard deviations. The lack of an instrumental cause of this difference implies it is astrophysical in nature.
Published: 2018

13. Interlaminar Fracture Toughness Measurement of Multilayered 2D Thermoelectric Materials Bi2Te3 by a Tapered Cantilever Bending Experiment

Author: Wang, P., Wang, K. F., Wang, B. L., Xi, L., Sano, K., Shimada, T., Hirakata, H., and Fang, D. N.
Published: 2022
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14. Ultraviolet to optical diffuse sky emission as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph

Author: Kawara, K., Matsuoka, Y., Sano, K., Brandt, T., Sameshima, H., Tsumura, K., Oyabu, S., and Ienaka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We present an analysis of the blank sky spectra observed with the Faint Object Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. We study the diffuse sky emission from ultraviolet to optical wavelengths, which is composed of the zodiacal light (ZL), diffuse Galactic light (DGL), and residual emission. The observations were performed toward 54 fields distributed widely over the sky, with the spectral coverage from 0.2 to 0.7 um. In order to avoid contaminating light from the earthshine, we use the data collected only in orbital nighttime. The observed intensity is decomposed into the ZL, DGL, and residual emission, in eight photometric bands spanning our spectral coverage. We found that the derived ZL reflectance spectrum is flat in the optical, which indicates major contribution of C-type asteroids to the interplanetary dust (IPD). In addition, the ZL reflectance spectrum has an absorption feature at ~0.3 um. The shape of the DGL spectrum is consistent with those found in earlier measurements and model predictions. While the residual emission contains a contribution from the extragalactic background light, we found that the spectral shape of the residual looks similar to the ZL spectrum. Moreover, its optical intensity is much higher than that measured from beyond the IPD cloud by Pioneer10/11, and also than that of the integrated galaxy light. These findings may indicate the presence of an isotropic ZL component, which is missed in the conventional ZL models., Comment: This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Kimiaki Kawara; accepted for publication in PASJ
Published: 2017
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15. First Detection of Galactic Latitude Dependence of Near-Infrared Diffuse Galactic Light from DIRBE Reanalysis

Author: Sano, K., Matsuura, S., Tsumura, K., Arai, T., Shirahata, M., and Onishi, Y.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Observational study on near-infrared (IR) scattering properties of interstellar dust grains has been limited due to its faintness. Using all-sky maps obtained from Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE), we investigate the scattering property from diffuse Galactic light (DGL) measurements at 1.25, 2.2, and 3.5 {\mu}m in addition to our recent analyses of diffuse near-IR emission (Sano et al. 2015; Sano et al. 2016). As a result, we first find that the intensity ratios of near-IR DGL to 100 {\mu}m emission increase toward low Galactic latitudes at 1.25 and 2.2 {\mu}m. The derived latitude dependence can be reproduced by a scattered light model of interstellar dust with a large scattering asymmetry factor g = of $0.8^{+0.2}_{-0.3}$ at 1.25 and 2.2 {\mu}m, assuming an infinite Galaxy disk as an illuminating source. The derived asymmetry factor is comparable to the values obtained in the optical, but several times larger than that expected from a recent dust model. Since possible latitude dependence of ultraviolet-excited dust emission at 1.25 and 2.2 {\mu}m would reduce the large asymmetry factor to the reasonable value, our result may indicate the first detection of such an additional emission component in the diffuse interstellar medium., Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, ApJ Letters accepted
Published: 2016

16. Measurements of Diffuse Sky Emission Components in High Galactic Latitudes at 3.5 and 4.9 um Using DIRBE and WISE Data

Author: Sano, K., Kawara, K., Matsuura, S., Kataza, H., Arai, T., and Matsuoka, Y.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Using all-sky maps obtained from COBE/DIRBE at 3.5 and 4.9 um, we present a reanalysis of diffuse sky emissions such as zodiacal light (ZL), diffuse Galactic light (DGL), integrated starlight (ISL), and isotropic residual emission including the extragalactic background light (EBL). Our new analysis, which includes an improved estimate of ISL using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) data, enabled us to find the DGL signal in a direct linear correlation between diffuse near-infrared and 100 um emission at high Galactic latitudes (|b| > 35 degree). At 3.5um, the high-latitude DGL result is comparable to the low-latitude value derived from the previous DIRBE analysis. In comparison with models of the DGL spectrum assuming a size distribution of dust grains composed of amorphous silicate, graphite, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), the measured DGL values at 3.5 and 4.9 um constrain the mass fraction of PAH particles in the total dust species to be more than ~ 2%. This was consistent with the results of Spitzer/IRAC toward the lower Galactic latitude regions. The derived residual emission of 8.9 +/- 3.4 nW m^{-2} sr^{-1} at 3.5 um is marginally consistent with the level of integrated galaxy light and the EBL constraints from the gamma-ray observations. The residual emission at 4.9 um is not significantly detected due to the large uncertainty in the ZL subtraction, same as previous studies. Combined with our reanalysis of the DIRBE data at 1.25 and 2.2 um, the residual emission in the near-infrared exhibits the Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum., Comment: ApJ accepted
Published: 2015
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17. Derivation of a large isotropic diffuse sky emission component at 1.25 and 2.2um from the COBE/DIRBE data

Author: Sano, K., Kawara, K., Matsuura, S., Kataza, H., Arai, T., and Matsuoka, Y.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Using all-sky maps obtained with COBE/DIRBE, we reanalyzed the diffuse sky brightness at 1.25 and 2.2 um, which consists of zodiacal light, diffuse Galactic light (DGL), integrated starlight (ISL), and isotropic emission including the extragalactic background light. Our new analysis including an improved estimate of the DGL and the ISL with the 2MASS data showed that deviations of the isotropic emission from isotropy were less than 10% in the entire sky at high Galactic latitude (|b|>35). The result of our analysis revealed a significantly large isotropic component at 1.25 and 2.2 um with intensities of 60.15 +/- 16.14 and 27.68 +/- 6.21 nWm-2sr-1, respectively. This intensity is larger than the integrated galaxy light, upper limits from gamma-ray observation, and potential contribution from exotic sources (i.e., Population III stars, intrahalo light, direct collapse black holes, and dark stars). We therefore conclude that the excess light may originate from the local universe; the Milky Way and/or the solar system., Comment: ApJ accepted
Published: 2015
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18. Measurement and comparison of individual external doses of high-school students living in Japan, France, Poland and Belarus -- the 'D-shuttle' project --

Author: Adachi, N., Adamovitch, V., Adjovi, Y., Aida, K., Akamatsu, H., Akiyama, S., Akli, A., Ando, A., Andrault, T., Antonietti, H., Anzai, S., Arkoun, G., Avenoso, C., Ayrault, D., Banasiewicz, M., Banaśkiewicz, M., Bernandini, L., Bernard, E., Berthet, E., Blanchard, M., Boreyko, D., Boros, K., Charron, S., Cornette, P., Czerkas, K., Dameron, M., Date, I., De Pontbriand, M., Demangeau, F., Dobaczewski, Ł., Dobrzyński, L., Ducouret, A., Dziedzic, M., Ecalle, A., Edon, V., Endo, K., Endo, T., Endo, Y., Etryk, D., Fabiszewska, M., Fang, S., Fauchier, D., Felici, F., Fujiwara, Y., Gardais, C., Gaul, W., Guérin, L., Hakoda, R., Hamamatsu, I., Handa, K., Haneda, H., Hara, T., Hashimoto, M., Hashimoto, T., Hashimoto, K., Hata, D., Hattori, M., Hayano, R., Hayashi, R., Higasi, H., Hiruta, M., Honda, A., Horikawa, Y., Horiuchi, H., Hozumi, Y., Ide, M., Ihara, S., Ikoma, T., Inohara, Y., Itazu, M., Ito, A., Janvrin, J., Jout, I., Kanda, H., Kanemori, G., Kanno, M., Kanomata, N., Kato, T., Kato, S., Katsu, J., Kawasaki, Y., Kikuchi, K., Kilian, P., Kimura, N., Kiya, M., Klepuszewski, M., Kluchnikov, E., Kodama, Y., Kokubun, R., Konishi, F., Konno, A., Kontsevoy, V., Koori, A., Koutaka, A., Kowol, A., Koyama, Y., Kozioł, M., Kozue, M., Kravtchenko, O., Kruczała, W., Kudła, M., Kudo, H., Kumagai, R., Kurogome, K., Kurosu, A., Kuse, M., Lacombe, A., Lefaillet, E., Magara, M., Malinowska, J., Malinowski, M., Maroselli, V., Masui, Y., Matsukawa, K., Matsuya, K., Matusik, B., Maulny, M., Mazur, P., Miyake, C., Miyamoto, Y., Miyata, K., Miyazaki, M., Molęda, M., Morioka, T., Morita, E., Muto, K., Nadamoto, H., Nadzikiewicz, M., Nagashima, K., Nakade, M., Nakayama, C., Nakazawa, H., Nihei, Y., Nikul, R., Niwa, S., Niwa, O., Nogi, M., Nomura, K., Ogata, D., Ohguchi, H., Ohno, J., Okabe, M., Okada, M., Okada, Y., Omi, N., Onodera, H., Onodera, K., Ooki, S., Oonishi, K., Oonuma, H., Ooshima, H., Oouchi, H., Orsucci, M., Paoli, M., Penaud, M., Perdrisot, C., Petit, M., Piskowski, A., Płocharski, A., Polis, A., Polti, L., Potsepnia, T., Przybylski, D., Pytel, M., Quillet, W., Remy, A., Robert, C., Sadowski, M., Saito, M., Sakuma, D., Sano, K., Sasaki, Y., Sato, N., Schneider, T., Schneider, C., Schwartzman, K., Selivanov, E., Sezaki, M., Shiroishi, K., Shustava, I., Śniecińska, A., Stalchenko, E., Staroń, A., Stromboni, M., Studzińska, W., Sugisaki, H., Sukegawa, T., Sumida, M., Suzuki, Y., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, R., Suzuki, H., Świderski, W., Szudejko, M., Szymaszek, M., Tada, J., Taguchi, H., Takahashi, K., Tanaka, D., Tanaka, G., Tanaka, S., Tanino, K., Tazbir, K., Tcesnokova, N., Tgawa, N., Toda, N., Tsuchiya, H., Tsukamoto, H., Tsushima, T., Tsutsumi, K., Umemura, H., Uno, M., Usui, A., Utsumi, H., Vaucelle, M., Wada, Y., Watanabe, K., Watanabe, S., Watase, K., Witkowski, M., Yamaki, T., Yamamoto, J., Yamamoto, T., Yamashita, M., Yanai, M., Yasuda, K., Yoshida, Y., Yoshida, A., Yoshimura, K., Żmijewska, M., and Zuclarelli, E.
Subjects: Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract: Twelve high schools in Japan (of which six are in Fukushima Prefecture), four in France, eight in Poland and two in Belarus cooperated in the measurement and comparison of individual external doses in 2014. In total 216 high-school students and teachers participated in the study. Each participant wore an electronic personal dosimeter "D-shuttle" for two weeks, and kept a journal of his/her whereabouts and activities. The distributions of annual external doses estimated for each region overlap with each other, demonstrating that the personal external individual doses in locations where residence is currently allowed in Fukushima Prefecture and in Belarus are well within the range of estimated annual doses due to the background radiation level of other regions/countries.
Published: 2015
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19. Electron localization near Mott transition in organic superconductor $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)$_{2}$Cu[N(CN)$_{2}]$Br

Author: Sano, K., Sasaki, T., Yoneyama, N., and Kobayashi, N.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract: The effect of disorder on the electronic properties near the Mott transition is studied in an organic superconductor $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)$_{2}$Cu[N(CN)$_{2}$]Br, which is systematically irradiated by X-ray. We observe that X-ray irradiation causes Anderson-type electron localization due to molecular disorder. The resistivity at low temperatures demonstrates variable range hopping conduction with Coulomb interaction. The experimental results show clearly that the electron localization by disorder is enhanced by the Coulomb interaction near the Mott transition., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2010
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20. Effect of helium irradiation on the hydrogen isotope retention in tungsten by in situ TEM and STEM-EELS analysis

Author: Miyamoto, M., primary, Sano, K., additional, Sawae, T., additional, Haruta, M., additional, and Kurata, H., additional
Published: 2023
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21. Phase diagram of the one-dimensional Hubbard model with next-nearest-neighbor hopping

Author: Nishimoto, S., Sano, K., and Ohta, Y.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: We study the one-dimensional Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor hopping integrals by using the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method and Hartree-Fock approximation. Based on the calculated results for the spin gap, total-spin quantum number, and Tomonaga-Luttinger-liquid parameter, we determine the ground-state phase diagram of the model in the entire filling and wide parameter region. We show that, in contrast to the weak-coupling regime where a spin-gapped liquid phase is predicted in the region with four Fermi points, the spin gap vanishes in a substantial region in the strong-coupling regime. It is remarkable that a large variety of phases, such as the paramagnetic metallic phase, spin-gapped liquid phase, singlet and triplet superconducting phases, and fully polarized ferromagnetic phase, appear in such a simple model in the strong-coupling regime., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2007
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22. Charge Gap in the One-Dimensional Extended Hubbard Model at Quarter Filling

Author: Sano, K. and Ono, Y.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: We propose a new combined approach of the exact diagonalization, the renormalization group and the Bethe ansatz for precise estimates of the charge gap $\Delta$ in the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model with the onsite and the nearest-neighbor interactions $U$ and $V$ at quarter filling. This approach enables us to obtain the absolute value of $\Delta$ including the prefactor without ambiguity even in the critical regime of the metal-insulator transition (MIT) where $\Delta$ is exponentially small, beyond usual renormalization group methods and/or finite size scaling approaches. The detailed results of $\Delta$ down to of order of $10^{-10}$ near the MIT are shown as contour lines on the $U$-$V$ plane., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2006
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23. Magnetism and Superconductivity in a Two-band Hubbard Model in Infinite Dimensions

Author: Ono, Y. and Sano, K.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract: We study a two-band Hubbard model using the dynamical mean-field theory combined with the exact diagonalization method. At the electron density $n=2$, a transition from a band-insulator to a correlated semimetal occurs when the on-site Coulomb interaction $U$ is varied for a fixed value of the charge-transfer energy $\Delta$. At low temperature, the correlated semimetal shows ferromagnetism or superconductivity. With increasing doping $|n-2|$, the ferromagnetic transition temperature rapidly decreases and finally becomes zero at a critical value of $n$. The second-order phase transition occurs at high temperature, while a phase separation of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states takes place at low temperature. The superconducting transition temperature gradually decreases and finally becomes zero near $n=1$ ($n=3$) where the system is Mott insulator which shows antiferromagnetism at low temperature., Comment: 3 pages, 5 figures, proceedings of the International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electrons with Orbital Degrees of Freedom (ORBITAL2001)
Published: 2003

24. Sentinel Surveillance for International Shigella by a Quarantine Station in Japan

Author: Taniguchi, H., Nakano, T., Katayama, Y., Harada, F., Arai, Y., Mori, K., Hirata, K., Kamiya, K., Maruyama, H., and Sano, K.
Published: 2005

25. 1087 The efficacy of new cultivar of paeonia lactiflora flower extract ‘Yumesaika’

Author: Yotsumoto, K., primary, Sano, K., additional, Kinjo, A., additional, Fuchino, H., additional, Igarashi, M., additional, and Hishida, A., additional
Published: 2023
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26. Survey of Vibrio cholerae O1 and Its Survival over the Winter in Marine Water of Port of Osaka

Author: Miyagi, K., Nakano, T., Yagi, T., Hanafusa, M., Imura, S., Honda, T., Nakano, Y., and Sano, K.
Published: 2003

27. Frequency of Failure to Isolate Shigella Spp. By the Direct Plating Technique and Improvement of Isolation by Enrichment in Selenite Broth

Author: Miyagi, K., Takegaki, Y., Nakano, T., Nakano, Y., Honda, T., and Sano, K.
Published: 2001

28. Survival of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 in Marine Water and Frequent Detection of the Shiga Toxin Gene in Marine Water Samples from an Estuary Port

Author: Miyagi, K., Omura, K., Ogawa, A., Hanafusa, M., Nakano, Y., Morimatsu, S., and Sano, K.
Published: 2001

29. Determination of Exchange Parameters for CaV_4O_9

Author: Takano, Ken'ichi and Sano, K.
Subjects: Condensed Matter
Abstract: Magnetic susceptibility measured for CaV$_4$O$_9$ is analyzed by a method with high temperature expansion. The analysis is consistent with the $g$-value which is close to 2 and is observed by an ESR experiment. Four exchange parameters in a two-dimensional Heisenberg model are determined to represent CaV$_4$O$_9$. All the exchange parameters are about 500 K and strongly frustrated. The observed spin gap originates from the frustration., Comment: 11 pages, latex format, 3 figures available on request from takano@toyota-ti.ac.jp (please write your postal address; figures will be sent by conventional mail)
Published: 1996

30. Small femoral offset is a risk factor for lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury during total hip arthroplasty using a direct anterior approach

Author: Ozaki, Y., Homma, Y., Sano, K., Baba, T., Ochi, H., Desroches, A., Matsumoto, M., Yuasa, T., and Kaneko, K.
Published: 2016
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31. Search for Spatial Correlations of Neutrinos with Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays

Author: Albert, A., Alves, S., Belhorma, B., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Shah, P. D., Shibasaki, Y., Shibata, F., Shibata, N., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Shinto, D., Smith, J. D., Martino, B., Sokolsky, P., Sone, N., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, Y., Takamura, M., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Melis, K., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanoue, Y., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Migliozzi, P., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsuda, R., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Uehama, T., Urban, F., Warren, D., Moussa, A., Wong, T., Yamamoto, M., Yamazaki, K., Yashiro, K., Yoshida, F., Yoshioka, Y., Zhezher, Y., Zundel, Z., IceCube Collaboration, Pierre Auger Collaboration, Muller, R., Telescope Array Collaboration, Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Păun, A., Bendahman, M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Bertin, V., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Salesa Greus, F., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Biagi, S., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Bissinger, M., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Boumaaza, J., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Alameddine, J. M., Alispach, C., Alves, A. A., Amin, N. M., Anderson, T., Anton, G., Bouta, M., Argüelles, C., Ashida, Y., Axani, S., Bai, X., Balagopal, V. A., Barbano, A., Barwick, S. W., Bastian-Querner, Benjamin, Basu, V., Baur, S., Bouwhuis, M. C., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K.-H., Becker Tjus, J., Bellenghi, C., BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Brânzaş, H., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, Summer, Boddenberg, M., Bontempo, F., Borowka, J., Böser, S., Böttcher, J., Bourbeau, E., Bradascio, Federica, Bruijn, R., Braun, J., Brinson, B., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, Jannes, Browne, S., Burgman, A., Burley, R. T., Busse, R. S., Campana, M. A., Carnie-Bronca, E. G., André, M., Brunner, J., Chen, Z., Chirkin, D., Choi, K., Clark, B. A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Busto, J., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Dappen, C., Dave, P., De Clercq, C., DeLaunay, J. J., López, D. Delgado, Dembinski, H., Deoskar, K., Desai, A., Caiffi, B., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., DeYoung, T., A. Diaz, A. Diaz., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dittmer, M., Dujmovic, H., Dunkman, M., Calvo, D., DuVernois, M. A., Dvorak, E., Ehrhardt, T., Eller, P., Erpenbeck, H., Evans, J., Evenson, P. A., Fan, K. L., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Capone, A., Feigl, N., Fiedlschuster, S., Fienberg, A. T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer, Leander, Fox, D., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Caramete, L., Fürst, P., Glaser, C., Günther, C., Hill, C., Kappes, A., Karle, A., Kheirandish, A., Kopper, C., Oeyen, B., Sarkar, S., Carr, J., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Kääpä, A., Kemp, J., Pedreira, F., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Ganster, E., Garcia, A., Garrappa, Simone, Carretero, V., Gerhardt, L., Ghadimi, A., Glauch, T., Glüsenkamp, T., Gonzalez, J. G., Goswami, S., Grant, D., Grégoire, T., Griswold, S., Hill, G. C., Celli, S., Gutjahr, P., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halliday, R., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Ha Minh, M., Hanson, K., Hardin, J., Harnisch, A. A., Chabab, M., Haungs, A., Hebecker, D., Helbing, K., Henningsen, F., Hettinger, E. C., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hoffman, K. 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Lozano, Lucarelli, F., Ludwig, A., Luszczak, W., Lyu, Y., Coyle, P., Ma, Wing Yan, Madsen, J., Mahn, K. B. M., Makino, Y., Mancina, S., Martinez-Soler, I., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., McElroy, T., McNally, F., Creusot, A., Mead, J. V., Meagher, K., Mechbal, Sarah, Medina, A., Meier, M., Meighen-Berger, S., Micallef, J., Mockler, D., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Díaz, A. F., Morse, R., Moulai, M., Naab, Richard, Nagai, R., Naumann, U., Necker, Jannis David, Nguyễn, L. V., Niederhausen, H., Nisa, M. U., Nowicki, S. C., O'Fearraigh, B., Obertacke Pollmann, A., Oehler, M., Olivas, A., O'Sullivan, E., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Park, N., Parker, G. K., Paudel, E. N., Paul, L., Ardid, M., Alves, Jr. A. A., de los Heros, C. Pérez, Peters, L., Peterson, J., Philippen, S., Pieper, S., Pittermann, M., Pizzuto, A., Plum, M., Popovych, Y., Porcelli, A., Andeen, K., Rodriguez, M. Prado, Price, P. B., Pries, B., Przybylski, G. T., Raab, C., Rack-Helleis, J., Raissi, A., Rameez, M., Rawlins, K., Rea, I. C., Botner, O., Rehman, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimann, R., Renzi, G., Resconi, E., Reusch, Simeon, Rhode, W., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Roberts, E. J., Chen, C., Robertson, S., Roellinghoff, G., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Cantu, D. Rysewyk, Safa, I., Saffer, J., Herrera, S. E. Sanchez, Diaz, A., Sandrock, A., Santander, M., Satalecka, K., Schaufel, M., Schindler, S., Schmidt, T., Schneider, A., Schneider, J., Schröder, F. G., Schumacher, L., Distefano, C., Schwefer, G., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Sharma, A., Shefali, S., Silva, M., Skrzypek, B., Smithers, B., Snihur, R., Di Palma, I., Soedingrekso, J., Soldin, D., Spannfellner, C., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stachurska, Juliana, Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stein, Robert, Stettner, J., Domi, A., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stürwald, T., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Taboada, I., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Tischbein, F., Tollefson, K., Donzaud, C., Tönnis, C., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Trettin, Alexander, Tselengidou, M., Tung, C. F., Turcati, A., Turcotte, R., Turley, C. F., Twagirayezu, J. P., Dornic, D., Ty, B., Unland Elorrieta, M. A., Valtonen-Mattila, N., Vandenbroucke, J., van Eijndhoven, N., Vannerom, D., Santen, Jakob van, Verpoest, S., Walck, C., Watson, T. B., Ardid, S., Drouhin, D., Weaver, C., Weigel, P., Weindl, A., Weiss, M. J., Weldert, J., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Weyrauch, M., Whitehorn, N., Wiebusch, C. H., Eberl, T., Williams, D. R., Wolf, M., Woschnagg, K., Wrede, G., Wulff, J., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yoshida, S., Yu, S., Yuan, T., van Eeden, T., Zhang, Z., Zhelnin, P., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., van Eijk, D., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araújo Ferreira, P. R., Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Khayati, N. El, Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Bhatta, G., Biermann, P. L., Enzenhöfer, A., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Fermani, P., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Ferrara, G., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Filippini, F., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Fusco, L. A., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., dos Santos, D. Correia, Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. 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Margiotta, A. Marinelli, J. A. Mart??nez-Mora, B. Martino, K. Meli, P. Migliozzi, A. Moussa, R. Muller, L. Nauta, S. Nava, E. Nezri, B. ??. Fearraigh, A. P??un, G. E. P??v??la??, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin, V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, C. Poir??, V. Popa, T. Pradier, N. Randazzo, D. Real, S. Reck, G. Riccobene, A. Romanov, A. S??nchez-Losa, F. Salesa Greu, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, P. Sapienza, J. Schnabel, J. Schumann, F. Sch??ssler, J. Seneca, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, S. J. Tingay, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, J. Wilm, S. Zavatarelli, A. Zegarelli, J. D. Zornoza, J. Z????iga, R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adam, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahler, M. Ahren, J. M. Alameddine, C. Alispach, A. A. Alves Jr., N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, G. Anton, C. Arg??elle, Y. Ashida, S. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tju, C. Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufu, S. Blot, M. Boddenberg, F. Bontempo, J. Borowka, S. B??ser, O. Botner, J. B??ttcher, E. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, B. Brinson, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, S. Browne, A. Burgman, R. T. Burley, R. S. Busse, M. A. Campana, E. G. Carnie-Bronca, C. Chen, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, K. Choi, B. A. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cro, C. Dappen, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, D. Delgado L??pez, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vrie, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. D??az-V??lez, M. Dittmer, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernoi, E. Dvorak, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, H. Erpenbeck, J. Evan, P. A. Evenson, K. L. Fan, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, N. Feigl, S. Fiedlschuster, A. T. Fienberg, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, P. F??rst, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, A. Garcia, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Glaser, T. Glauch, T. Gl??senkamp, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, T. Gr??goire, S. Griswold, C. G??nther, P. Gutjahr, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. A. Harnisch, A. Haung, D. Hebecker, K. Helbing, F. Henningsen, E. C. Hettinger, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. H??nnefeld, R. Hussain, K. Hymon, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, M. Jin, B. J. P. Jone, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappe, D. Kappesser, L. Kardum, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, M. Kauer, M. Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, K. Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrima, L. K??pke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynet, E. Kun, N. Kurahashi, N. Lad, C. Lagunas Gualda, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, J. W. Lee, K. Leonard, A. Leszczy??ska, Y. Li, M. Lincetto, Q. R. Liu, M. Liubarska, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, S. Mancina, I. Martinez-Soler, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, T. McElroy, F. McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, S. Mechbal, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, R. Naab, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, J. Necker, L. V. Nguy???n, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, B. Oeyen, A. Oliva, E. O???Sullivan, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. P??rez de los Hero, L. Peter, J. Peterson, S. Philippen, S. Pieper, M. Pittermann, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, P. B. Price, B. Prie, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, J. Rack-Hellei, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlin, I. C. Rea, A. Rehman, P. Reichherzer, R. Reimann, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, E. J. Robert, S. Robertson, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, J. Saffer, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, S. Schindler, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schr??der, L. Schumacher, G. Schwefer, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, A. Sharma, S. Shefali, M. Silva, B. Skrzypek, B. Smither, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, C. Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatiko, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, T. St??rwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter-Antonyan, S. Tilav, F. Tischbein, K. Tollefson, C. T??nni, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, J. P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, S. Verpoest, C. Walck, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, M. J. Wei, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. William, M. Wolf, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, J. P. Yanez, S. Yoshida, S. Yu, T. Yuan, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, J. M. Albury, I. Allekotte, K. Almeida Cheminant, A. Almela, J. Alvarez-Mu??iz, R. Alves Batista, G. A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, P. R. Ara??jo Ferreira, E. Arnone, J. C. Arteaga Vel??zquez, H. Asorey, P. Assi, G. Avila, A. M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, J. A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, G. Bhatta, P. L. Biermann, V. Binet, K. Bismark, T. Bister, J. Biteau, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, J. Bl??mer, M. Boh????ov??, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, N. Borodai, A. M. Botti, J. Brack, T. Bretz, P. G. Brichetto Orchera, F. L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, M. B??sken, K. S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caccianiga, F. Canfora, I. Caraca, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R. W. Clay, A. C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M. R. Coluccia, R. Concei????o, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, F. Contrera, F. Convenga, D. Correia dos Santo, C. E. Covault, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, J. A. Day, R. M. de Almeida, J. de Jes??, S. J. de Jong, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, D. de Oliveira Franco, F. de Palma, V. de Souza, E. De Vito, A. Del Popolo, M. del R??o, O. Deligny, L. Deval, A. di Matteo, M. Dobre, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D???Olivo, L. M. Domingues Mende, R. C. dos Anjo, M. T. Dova, J. Ebr, R. Engel, I. Epicoco, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, B. Fick, J. M. Figueira, A. Filip??i??, T. Fitoussi, T. Fodran, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, C. Galea, C. Galelli, B. Garc??a, A. L. Garcia Vega, H. Gemmeke, F. Gesualdi, A. Gherghel-Lascu, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, F. Gollan, G. Golup, M. G??mez Berisso, P. F. G??mez Vitale, J. P. Gongora, J. M. Gonz??lez, N. Gonz??lez, I. Goo, D. G??ra, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T. D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G. P. Guede, E. Guido, S. Hahn, P. Hamal, M. R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, V. M. Harvey, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, C. Hojvat, J. R. H??randel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovsk??, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, P. Janecek, J. A. Johnsen, J. Jurysek, A. K????p??, K. H. Kampert, N. Karastathi, B. Keilhauer, A. Khakurdikar, V. V. Kizakke Covilakam, H. O. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, F. Knapp, N. Kunka, B. L. Lago, R. G. Lang, N. Langner, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, V. Lenok, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, D. Lo Presti, L. Lope, R. L??pez, L. Lu, Q. Luce, J. P. Lundquist, A. Machado Payera, G. Mancarella, D. Mandat, B. C. Manning, J. Manshanden, P. Mantsch, S. Marafico, F. M. Mariani, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Mari??, G. Marsella, D. Martello, S. Martinelli, O. Mart??nez Bravo, M. Mastrodicasa, H. J. Mathe, J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, S. Mayotte, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, S. Michal, M. I. Micheletti, L. Miramonti, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, L. Morejon, C. Morello, M. Mostaf??, A. L. M??ller, M. A. Muller, K. Mulrey, R. Mussa, M. Muzio, W. M. Namasaka, A. Nasr-Esfahani, L. Nellen, G. Nicora, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. No??ka, A. Nucita, L. A. N????ez, C. Oliveira, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, J. Pawlowsky, M. Pech, J. P??kala, R. Pelayo, J. Pe??a-Rodriguez, E. E. Pereira Martin, J. Perez Armand, C. P??rez Bertolli, M. Perlin, L. Perrone, S. Petrera, C. Petrucci, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, B. Pont, M. Pothast, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghau, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. J. Roncoroni, S. Rossoni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, A. Saftoiu, M. Saharan, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, J. D. Sanabria Gomez, F. S??nchez, E. M. Santo, E. Santo, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, C. Sarmiento-Cano, R. Sato, P. Savina, C. M. Sch??fer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schl??ter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schov??nek, J. Schulte, T. Schulz, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, A. Segreto, S. Sehgal, R. C. Shellard, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, R. Smau, R. ??m??da, P. Sommer, J. F. Soriano, R. Squartini, M. Stadelmaier, D. Stanca, S. Stani??, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, A. Streich, M. Su??rez-Dur??n, T. Sudholz, T. Suomij??rvi, A. D. Supanitsky, Z. Szadkowski, A. Tapia, C. Taricco, C. Timmerman, O. Tkachenko, P. Tobiska, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tom??, Z. Torr??, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, C. Trimarelli, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, J. F. Vald??s Galicia, L. Valore, E. Varela, A. V??squez-Ram??rez, D. Veberi??, C. Ventura, I. D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, J. Vink, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, C. Watanabe, A. A. Watson, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczy??ski, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, A. Yushkov, O. Zapparrata, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, L. Zehrer, T. Abu-Zayyad, M. Allen, Y. Arai, R. Arimura, E. Barcikowski, J. W. Belz, D. R. Bergman, S. A. Blake, I. Buckland, R. Cady, B. G. Cheon, J. Chiba, M. Chikawa, K. Fujisue, K. Fujita, R. Fujiwara, M. Fukushima, R. Fukushima, G. Furlich, N. Globu, R. Gonzalez, W. Hanlon, M. Hayashi, N. Hayashida, H. He, K. Hibino, R. Higuchi, K. Honda, D. Ikeda, T. Inadomi, N. Inoue, T. Ishii, H. Ito, D. Ivanov, H. Iwakura, A. Iwasaki, H. M. Jeong, S. Jeong, C. C. H. Jui, K. Kadota, F. Kakimoto, O. Kalashev, K. Kasahara, S. Kasami, S. Kawakami, S. Kawana, K. Kawata, I. Kharuk, E. Kido, H. B. Kim, J. H. Kim, S. W. Kim, Y. Kimura, S. Kishigami, Y. Kubota, S. Kurisu, V. Kuzmin, M. Kuznetsov, Y. J. Kwon, K. H. Lee, B. Lubsandorzhiev, K. Machida, H. Matsumiya, T. Matsuyama, J. N. Matthew, R. Mayta, M. Minamino, K. Mukai, I. Myer, S. Nagataki, K. Nakai, R. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, Y. Nakamura, A. Nakazawa, E. Nishio, T. Nonaka, H. Oda, S. Ogio, M. Ohnishi, H. Ohoka, Y. Oku, T. Okuda, Y. Omura, M. Ono, R. Onogi, A. Oshima, S. Ozawa, I. H. Park, M. Pott, M. S. Pshirkov, J. Remington, D. C. Rodriguez, G. I. Rubtsov, D. Ryu, H. Sagawa, R. Sahara, Y. Saito, N. Sakaki, T. Sako, N. Sakurai, K. Sano, K. Sato, T. Seki, K. Sekino, P. D. Shah, Y. Shibasaki, F. Shibata, N. Shibata, T. Shibata, H. Shimodaira, B. K. Shin, H. S. Shin, D. Shinto, J. D. Smith, P. Sokolsky, N. Sone, B. T. Stoke, T. A. Stroman, Y. Takagi, Y. Takahashi, M. Takamura, M. Takeda, R. Takeishi, A. Taketa, M. Takita, Y. Tameda, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, Y. Tanoue, S. B. Thoma, G. B. Thomson, P. Tinyakov, I. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, S. Troitsky, R. Tsuda, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, S. Udo, T. Uehama, F. Urban, D. Warren, T. Wong, M. Yamamoto, K. Yamazaki, K. Yashiro, F. Yoshida, Y. Yoshioka, Y. Zhezher, Z. Zundel, Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LAB - Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay [Orsay] (LPT), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IceCube, Pierre Auger, Telescope Array, Auger, ANTARES, ANR-18-IDEX-0001,Université de Paris,Université de Paris(2018), Albert, A., Alves, S., Andr??, M., Anghinolfi, M., A., M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Br??nza??, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Cherkaoui El Moursli, R., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., D??az, A. F., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., El Khayati, N., Enzenh??fer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gatelet, Y., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Gracia Ruiz, R., Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hern??ndez-Rey, J. J., H??ssl, J., Hofest??dt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., De Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Le Breton, R., Lestum, S., Lef??vre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Mart??nez-Mora, J. A., Martino, B., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. ??., P??un, A., P??v??la??, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poir??, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., S??nchez-Losa, A., Salesa Greus, F., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Sch??ssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., Z????iga, J., Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. 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Subjects: Astrofísica, interaction [cosmic radiation], POINT-LIKE, Neutrino astronomy, High energy astrophysics, Ultra-high-energy cosmic radiation, Astronomy, magnetic field, cosmic radiation: interaction, Astrophysics, neutrino: flux, Astronomical observatories, IceCube, Ultra-high-energy cosmic, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, 330, High-Energy Phenomena and Fundamental Physics, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Physics, OBSERVATÓRIOS, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, neutrino: UHE, Auger, UHE [neutrino], ddc, observatory, statistics, Observatoris astronòmics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FLUX, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, UHE [cosmic radiation], FOS: Physical sciences, SURFACE DETECTOR, High energy astrophysic, ddc:530, ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS, High Energy Physics, Neutrins, cosmic radiation: UHE, Neutrinos, ANTARES, Telescopis, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, flux [neutrino], SCALE ANISOTROPY, Neutrino astrophysics, radiation, PATTERN, Physics and Astronomy, RESOLUTION, Space and Planetary Science, FISICA APLICADA, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], correlation, Experimental High Energy Physics, ddc:520, ARRAY, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Neutrino astronomy, High energy astrophysics, Ultra-high-energy cosmic radiation, Telescopes
Abstract: For several decades, the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been an unsolved question of highenergy astrophysics. One approach for solving this puzzle is to correlate UHECRs with high-energy neutrinos, since neutrinos are a direct probe of hadronic interactions of cosmic rays and are not deflected by magnetic fields. In this paper, we present three different approaches for correlating the arrival directions of neutrinos with the arrival directions of UHECRs. The neutrino data are provided by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and ANTARES, while the UHECR data with energies above ∼50 EeV are provided by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. All experiments provide increased statistics and improved reconstructions with respect to our previous results reported in 2015. The first analysis uses a high-statistics neutrino sample optimized for pointsource searches to search for excesses of neutrino clustering in the vicinity of UHECR directions. The second analysis searches for an excess of UHECRs in the direction of the highest-energy neutrinos. The third analysis searches for an excess of pairs of UHECRs and highest-energy neutrinos on different angular scales. None of the analyses have found a significant excess, and previously reported overfluctuations are reduced in significance. Based on these results, we further constrain the neutrino flux spatially correlated with UHECRs., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commission Européenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10- LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Région Île-de-France (DIM-ACAV), Région Alsace (contrat CPER), Région Provence- Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Département du Var and Ville de La Seyne-sur-Mer, France, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy, Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands, Council of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and leading scientific schools supporting grants, Russia, Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation (UEFISCDI), Romania, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, Investigación y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento (refs. PGC2018-096663-B-C41, -A-C42, -BC43, -B-C44) (MCIU/FEDER), Generalitat Valenciana: Prometeo (PROMETEO/2020/019), Grisolía (refs. GRISOLIA/ 2018/119, /2021/192) and GenT (refs. CIDEGENT/2018/ 034, /2019/043, /2020/049, /2021/023) programs, Junta de Andalucía (ref. A-FQM-053-UGR18), La Caixa Foundation (ref. LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019), EU: MSC program (ref. 101025085), Spain, Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation, Morocco, and the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, Kuwait, U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division, U.S. National Science Foundation-EPSCoR, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC) at the University of Wisconsin−Madison, Open Science Grid (OSG), Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), Frontera computing project at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, U.S. Department of Energy−National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Particle astrophysics research computing center at the University of Maryland, Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University, and Astroparticle physics computational facility at Marquette University, Belgium—Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS and FWO), FWO Odysseus and Big Science programmes, and Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo), Germany—Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), and High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen, Sweden—Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Australia—Australian Research Council, Canada— Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Calcul Québec, Compute Ontario, Canada Foundation for Innovation, WestGrid, and Compute Canada, Denmark—Villum Fonden and Carlsberg Foundation, New Zealand—Marsden Fund, Japan—Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) of Chiba University, Korea—National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Switzerland—Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), United Kingdom—Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Argentina—Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza; Municipalidad de Malargüe; NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas; in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access; Australia—the Australian Research Council, Belgium—Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS); Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Brazil—Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No. 2019/10151-2, No. 2010/07359-6 and No. 1999/ 05404-3; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (MCTIC), Czech Republic—Grant No. MSMT CR LTT18004, LM2015038, LM2018102, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/ 16_013/0001402, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010, and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, France—Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Conseil Régional Ile-de-France; Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS); Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS); Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) Grant No. LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 within the Investissements d’Avenir Programme Grant No. ANR-11-IDEX- 0004-02, Germany—Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP); Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF); Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Württemberg, Italy—Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF); Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Universitá e della Ricerca (MIUR); CETEMPS Center of Excellence; Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE), México—Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) No. 167733; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM, The Netherlands— Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of SURF Cooperative, Poland —Ministry of Education and Science, grant No. DIR/WK/ 2018/11, National Science Centre, Grants No. 2016/22/M/ ST9/00198, 2016/23/B/ST9/01635, and 2020/39/B/ST9/ 01398, Portugal—Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (COMPETE), Romania—Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS/CCCDI—UEFISCDI, projects PN19150201/16N/ 2019, PN1906010, TE128 and PED289, within PNCDI III, Slovenia—Slovenian Research Agency, grants P1-0031, P1- 0385, I0-0033, N1-0111, Spain—Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (FPA2017-85114-P and PID2019- 104676GB-C32), Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2017/07), Junta de Andalucía (SOMM17/6104/UGR, P18-FR-4314) Feder Funds, RENATA Red Nacional Temática de Astropartículas (FPA2015-68783-REDT) and María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence (MDM-2016-0692), USA—Department of Energy, Contracts No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41 300, No. DE-FG02-99ER41107, and No. DE-SC0011689; National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696; The Grainger Foundation; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET; European Particle Physics Latin American Network; and UNESCO., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through Grants-in- Aid for Priority Area 431, for Specially Promoted Research JP21000002, for Scientific Research (S) JP19104006, for Specially Promoted Research JP15H05693, for Scientific Research (S) JP15H05741, for Science Research (A) JP18H03705, for Young Scientists (A) JPH26707011, and for Fostering Joint International Research (B) JP19KK0074, by the joint research program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo; by the Pioneering Program of RIKEN for the Evolution of Matter in the Universe (r-EMU), U.S. National Science Foundation awards PHY-1404495, PHY-1404502, PHY-1607727, PHY-1712517, PHY-1806797, PHY-2012934, and PHY-2112904, National Research Foundation of Korea (2017K1A4A3015188, 2020R1A2C1 008230, and 2020R1A2C2102800), Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under the contract 075-15-2020-778, IISN project No. 4.4501.18, Belgian Science Policy under IUAP VII/37 (ULB)
Published: 2022

32. Joint analysis of the energy spectrum of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array

Author: Tsunesada, Y., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araújo Ferreira, P. R., Arteaga Velázquez, J. C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Correia Dos Santos, D., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., Almeida, R. M. De, Jesús, J. De, Jong, S. J. De, De Mauro, G., Mello Neto, J. R. T. De, De Mitri, I., Oliveira, J. De, Oliveira Franco, D. De, Palma, F. De, Souza, V. De, De Vito, E., Río, M. Del, Deligny, O., Deval, L., Matteo, A. Di, Dobrigkeit, C., D’Olivo, J. C., Domingues Mendes, L. M., Anjos, R. C. Dos, Santos, D. Dos, Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Karastathis, N., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Khakurdikar, A., Kizakke Covilakam, V. V., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Köpke, M., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., López, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Martínez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K.-D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., Pérez Bertolli, C., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Schulte, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Szadkowski, Z., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Abbasi, R. U., Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Arai, Y., Arimura, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Buckland, I., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Fujisue, K., Fujita, K., Fujiwara, R., Fukushima, M., Fukushima, R., Furlich, G., Gonzalez, R., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, M., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Higuchi, R., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inadomi, T., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwakura, H., Iwasaki, A., Jeong, H. M., Jeong, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kasami, S., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kawata, K., Kharuk, I., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, M. H., Kim, S. W., Kimura, Y., Kishigami, S., Kubota, Y., Kurisu, S., Kuzmin, V., Kuznetsov, M., Kwon, Y. J., Lee, K. H., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Machida, K., Matsumiya, H., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Mayta, R., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Nagataki, S., Nakai, K., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nakamura, Y., Nakazawa, A., Nishio, E., Nonaka, T., Oda, H., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oku, Y., Okuda, T., Omura, Y., Ono, M., Onogi, R., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Potts, M., Pshirkov, M. S., Remington, J., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G. I., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sahara, R., Saito, Y., Sakaki, N., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sano, K., Sato, K., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shah, P. D., Shibasaki, Y., Shibata, F., Shibata, N., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Shinto, D., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sone, N., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, Y., Takamura, M., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanoue, Y., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsuda, R., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Uehama, T., Urban, F., Wong, T., Yada, K., Yamamoto, M., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yashiro, K., Yoshida, F., Yoshioka, Y., Zhezher, Y., Zundel, Z., Augerc, Pierre, and Telescope Arrayd Collaboration And The
Subjects: Telescope, Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, law, Energy spectrum, Astronomy, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Joint analysis, ddc:620, Engineering & allied operations, law.invention
Abstract: The measurement of the energy spectrum of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is of crucial importance to clarify their origin and acceleration mechanisms. The Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina and the Telescope Array (TA) in the US have reported their measurements of UHECR energy spectra observed in the southern and northern hemisphere, respectively. The region of the sky accessible to both Observatories ([−15,+24] degrees in declination) can be used to cross-calibrate the two spectra. The Auger-TA energy spectrum working group was organized in 2012 and has been working to understand the uncertainties in energy scale in both experiments, their systematic differences, and differences in the shape of the spectra. In previous works, we reported that there was an overall agreement of the energy spectra measured by the two observatories below 10 EeV while at higher energies, a remaining significant difference was observed in the common declination band. We revisit this issue to understand its origin by examining the systematic uncertainties, statistical effects, and other possibilities. We will also discuss the differences in the spectra in different declination bands and a new feature in the spectrum recently reported by the Auger Collaboration.
Published: 2022
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33. The UHECR dipole and quadrupole in the latest data from the original Auger and TA surface detectors

Author: Tinyakov, P., Anchordoqui, L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Caccianiga, L., Almeida, R. De, Deligny, O., Matteo, A. Di, Giaccari, U., Harari, D., Kim, J., Kuznetsov, M., Maris, I., Rubtsov, G., Troitsky, S., Urban, F., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araújo Ferreira, P. R., Arteaga Velázquez, J. C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Correia Dos Santos, D., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., Almeida, R. M. De, Jesús, J. De, Jong, S. J. De, De Mauro, G., Mello Neto, J. R. T. De, De Mitri, I., Oliveira, J. De, Oliveira Franco, D. De, Palma, F. De, Souza, V. De, De Vito, E., Río, M. Del, Deval, L., Dobrigkeit, C., D’Olivo, J. C., Domingues Mendes, L. M., Anjos, R. C. Dos, Santos, D. Dos, Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giammarchi, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Karastathis, N., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Khakurdikar, A., Kizakke Covilakam, V. V., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Köpke, M., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., López, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Martínez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K.-D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., Pérez Bertolli, C., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Schulte, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Szadkowski, Z., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Abbasi, R. U., Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Arai, Y., Arimura, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Buckland, I., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Fujisue, K., Fujita, K., Fujiwara, R., Fukushima, M., Fukushima, R., Furlich, G., Gonzalez, R., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, M., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Higuchi, R., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inadomi, T., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwakura, H., Iwasaki, A., Jeong, H. M., Jeong, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kasami, S., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kawata, K., Kharuk, I., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, M. H., Kim, S. W., Kimura, Y., Kishigami, S., Kubota, Y., Kurisu, S., Kuzmin, V., Kwon, Y. J., Lee, K. H., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Machida, K., Matsumiya, H., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Mayta, R., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Nagataki, S., Nakai, K., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nakamura, Y., Nakazawa, A., Nishio, E., Nonaka, T., Oda, H., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oku, Y., Okuda, T., Omura, Y., Ono, M., Onogi, R., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Potts, M., Pshirkov, M. S., Remington, J., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G. I., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sahara, R., Saito, Y., Sakaki, N., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sano, K., Sato, K., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shah, P. D., Shibasaki, Y., Shibata, F., Shibata, N., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Shinto, D., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sone, N., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, Y., Takamura, M., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanoue, Y., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Tsuda, R., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Uehama, T., Wong, T., Yada, K., Yamamoto, M., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yashiro, K., Yoshida, F., Yoshioka, Y., Zhezher, Y., Zundel, Z., Augerb, Pierre, and Collaboration, Telescope Arrayc
Subjects: Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Photon, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galaxy, Auger, Dipole, Quadrupole, Experimental High Energy Physics, Intergalactic travel, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays are still unknown, but assuming standard physics, they are expected to lie within a few hundred megaparsecs from us. Indeed, over cosmological distances cosmic rays lose energy to interactions with background photons, at a rate depending on their mass number and energy and properties of photonuclear interactions and photon backgrounds. The universe is not homogeneous at such scales, hence the distribution of the arrival directions of cosmic rays is expected to reflect the inhomogeneities in the distribution of galaxies; the shorter the energy loss lengths, the stronger the expected anisotropies. Galactic and intergalactic magnetic fields can blur and distort the picture, but the magnitudes of the largest-scale anisotropies, namely the dipole and quadrupole moments, are the most robust to their effects. Measuring them with no bias regardless of any higher-order multipoles is not possible except with full-sky coverage. In this work, we achieve this in three energy ranges (approximately 8--16 EeV, 16--32 EeV, and 32--$\infty$ EeV) by combining surface-detector data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory until 2020 and at the Telescope Array (TA) until 2019, before the completion of the upgrades of the arrays with new scintillator detectors. We find that the full-sky coverage achieved by combining Auger and TA data reduces the uncertainties on the north-south components of the dipole and quadrupole in half compared to Auger-only results., Comment: proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021), 12-23 July 2021, Berlin, Germany
Published: 2022
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34. Inferred Measurements of the Zodiacal Light Absolute Intensity through Fraunhofer Absorption Line Spectroscopy with CIBER

Author: Korngut, P. M., primary, Kim, M. G., additional, Arai, T., additional, Bangale, P., additional, Bock, J., additional, Cooray, A., additional, Cheng, Y. T., additional, Feder, R., additional, Hristov, V., additional, Lanz, A., additional, Lee, D. H., additional, Levenson, L., additional, Matsumoto, T., additional, Matsuura, S., additional, Nguyen, C., additional, Sano, K., additional, Tsumura, K., additional, and Zemcov, M., additional
Published: 2022
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35. Candidate molecules as diagnostic biomarker for human uterine mesenchymal tumors

Author: Yaish P, Sano K, Takuma Hayashi, Ichimura T, Tonegawa S, Yaegashi N, Zharhary D, Kanai Y, Gur G, and Konishi I
Subjects: Leiomyosarcoma, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Poor prognosis, business.industry, Uterine leiomyosarcoma, Mesenchymal stem cell, Cancer, medicine.disease, body regions, Internal medicine, medicine, Overall survival, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Diagnostic biomarker, Stage iv, business, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Unfortunately, uterine leiomyosarcoma still has a poor prognosis. The National Cancer Institute reported that the median overall survival (mOS) at stage I to stage IV of leiomyosarcoma was 31 months.
Published: 2020

36. Interlaminar Fracture Toughness Measurement of Multilayered 2D Thermoelectric Materials Bi2Te3 by a Tapered Cantilever Bending Experiment

Author: Wang, P., primary, Wang, K. F., additional, Wang, B. L., additional, Xi, L., additional, Sano, K., additional, Shimada, T., additional, Hirakata, H., additional, and Fang, D. N., additional
Published: 2021
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37. A 20-Gs/s track-and-hold amplifier in InP HBT technology

Author: Yamanaka, S., Sano, K., and Murata, K.
Subjects: Digital signal processors -- Design and construction, Indium -- Electric properties, Power amplifiers -- Design and construction, Analog to digital converters -- Usage, Digital signal processor, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Published: 2010

38. The Cosmic-Ray Composition between 2 PeV and 2 EeV Observed with the TALE Detector in Monocular Mode

Author: Abbasi, R. U., primary, Abe, M., additional, Abu-Zayyad, T., additional, Allen, M., additional, Arai, Y., additional, Barcikowski, E., additional, Belz, J. W., additional, Bergman, D. R., additional, Blake, S. A., additional, Cady, R., additional, Cheon, B. G., additional, Chiba, J., additional, Chikawa, M., additional, Fujii, T., additional, Fujisue, K., additional, Fujita, K., additional, Fujiwara, R., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Fukushima, R., additional, Furlich, G., additional, Hanlon, W., additional, Hayashi, M., additional, Hayashida, N., additional, Hibino, K., additional, Higuchi, R., additional, Honda, K., additional, Ikeda, D., additional, Inadomi, T., additional, Inoue, N., additional, Ishii, T., additional, Ito, H., additional, Ivanov, D., additional, Iwakura, H., additional, Jeong, H. M., additional, Jeong, S., additional, Jui, C. C. H., additional, Kadota, K., additional, Kakimoto, F., additional, Kalashev, O., additional, Kasahara, K., additional, Kasami, S., additional, Kawai, H., additional, Kawakami, S., additional, Kawana, S., additional, Kawata, K., additional, Kido, E., additional, Kim, H. B., additional, Kim, J. H., additional, Kim, M. H., additional, Kim, S. W., additional, Kimura, Y., additional, Kishigami, S., additional, Kuzmin, V., additional, Kuznetsov, M., additional, Kwon, Y. J., additional, Lee, K. H., additional, Lubsandorzhiev, B., additional, Lundquist, J. P., additional, Machida, K., additional, Matsumiya, H., additional, Matsuyama, T., additional, Matthews, J. N., additional, Mayta, R., additional, Minamino, M., additional, Mukai, K., additional, Myers, I., additional, Nagataki, S., additional, Nakai, K., additional, Nakamura, R., additional, Nakamura, T., additional, Nakamura, Y., additional, Nonaka, T., additional, Oda, H., additional, Ogio, S., additional, Ohnishi, M., additional, Ohoka, H., additional, Oku, Y., additional, Okuda, T., additional, Omura, Y., additional, Ono, M., additional, Onogi, R., additional, Oshima, A., additional, Ozawa, S., additional, Park, I. H., additional, Pshirkov, M. S., additional, Remington, J., additional, Rodriguez, D. C., additional, Rubtsov, G. I., additional, Ryu, D., additional, Sagawa, H., additional, Sahara, R., additional, Saito, Y., additional, Sakaki, N., additional, Sako, T., additional, Sakurai, N., additional, Sano, K., additional, Sato, K., additional, Seki, T., additional, Sekino, K., additional, Shah, P. D., additional, Shibata, F., additional, Shibata, N., additional, Shibata, T., additional, Shimodaira, H., additional, Shin, B. K., additional, Shin, H. S., additional, Shinto, D., additional, Smith, J. D., additional, Sokolsky, P., additional, Sone, N., additional, Stokes, B. T., additional, Stroman, T. A., additional, Suzawa, T., additional, Takagi, Y., additional, Takahashi, Y., additional, Takamura, M., additional, Takeda, M., additional, Takeishi, R., additional, Taketa, A., additional, Takita, M., additional, Tameda, Y., additional, Tanaka, H., additional, Tanaka, K., additional, Tanaka, M., additional, Tanoue, Y., additional, Thomas, S. B., additional, Thomson, G. B., additional, Tinyakov, P., additional, Tkachev, I., additional, Tokuno, H., additional, Tomida, T., additional, Troitsky, S., additional, Tsuda, R., additional, Tsunesada, Y., additional, Uchihori, Y., additional, Udo, S., additional, Uehama, T., additional, Urban, F., additional, Wong, T., additional, Yada, K., additional, Yamamoto, M., additional, Yamazaki, K., additional, Yang, J., additional, Yashiro, K., additional, Yoshida, F., additional, Zhezher, Y., additional, and Zundel, Z., additional
Published: 2021
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39. Efficacy of Salvage Surgery for HCC Recurred with Vascular Invasion after Long-term Non-surgical Therapies

Author: Tsukayama, H., primary, Sano, K., additional, Minezaki, S., additional, Kawamura, S., additional, Takahashi, K., additional, Ikeda, Y., additional, Shibuya, M., additional, Wada, K., additional, and Miura, F., additional
Published: 2021
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40. Search for Large-scale Anisotropy on Arrival Directions of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays Observed with the Telescope Array Experiment

Author: Abbasi, R. U., Abe, M., Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Fujii, T., Fujisue, K., Fujita, K., Fujiwara, R., Fukushima, M., Furlich, G., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, M., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Higuchi, R., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inadomi, T., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ishimori, R., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwakura, H., Jeong, H. M., Jeong, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kasami, S., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kawata, K., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, M. H., Kim, S. W., Kishigami, S., Kuzmin, V., Kuznetsov, M., Kwon, Y. J., Lee, K. H., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lundquist, J. P., Machida, K., Matsumiya, H., Matsuyama, T., Matteo, A. di, Matthews, J. N., Mayta, R., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Nagataki, S., Nakai, K., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nakamura, Y., Nonaka, T., Oda, H., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oku, Y., Okuda, T., Omura, Y., Ono, M., Onogi, R., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Remington, J., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sahara, R., Saito, Y., Sakaki, N., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sano, K., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sone, N., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Suzawa, T., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, Y., Takamura, M., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanoue, Y., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Uehama, T., Urban, F., Wong, T., Yada, K., Yamamoto, M., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yashiro, K., Yosei, M., Zhezher, Y., and Zundel, Z.
Subjects: Extragalactic magnetic fields, Ultra-high-energy cosmic radiation, Cosmic ray showers, Cosmic ray detectors, Extragalactic astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray astronomy, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray sources, Cosmic rays
Abstract: Motivated by the detection of a significant dipole structure in the arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays above 8 EeV reported by the Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger), we search for a large-scale anisotropy using data collected with the surface detector array of the Telescope Array Experiment (TA). With 11 yr of TA data, a dipole structure in a projection of the R.A. is fitted with an amplitude of 3.3% ± 1.9% and a phase of 131° ± 33°. The corresponding 99% confidence-level upper limit on the amplitude is 7.3%. At the current level of statistics, the fitted result is compatible with both an isotropic distribution and the dipole structure reported by Auger., 北半球最高感度で極高エネルギー宇宙線の「大角度異方性」を探索 --観測装置の4倍拡張計画によりさらなる高感度測定へ--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-07-28.
Published: 2020

41. The mutation in the ATP-binding region of JAK1, identified in human uterine leiomyosarcomas, results in defective interferon-γ inducibility of TAP1 and LMP2

Author: Hayashi, T, Kobayashi, Y, Kohsaka, S, and Sano, K
Published: 2006
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42. Chromosomal change during 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) therapy in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: the growth of a 6-MP-refractory clone that already exists at onset

Author: Matsuda, K, Matsuzaki, S, Miki, J, Hidaka, E, Yanagisawa, R, Nakazawa, Y, Sakashita, K, Kamijo, T, Asami, K, Sano, K, and Koike, K
Published: 2006
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43. Isotemporal substitution of sedentary time with physical activity and its associations with frailty status

Author: Nagai K, Tamaki K, Kusunoki H, Wada Y, Tsuji S, Itoh M, Sano K, Amano M, Shimomura S, and Shinmura K
Subjects: Geriatrics, RC952-954.6, physical activity, frailty, isotemporal substitution
Abstract: Koutatsu Nagai,1 Kayoko Tamaki,2 Hiroshi Kusunoki,2 Yosuke Wada,3 Shotaro Tsuji,4 Masako Ito,5 Kyoko Sano,5 Manabu Amano,6 Soji Shimomura,7 Ken Shinmura2 1Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan; 2Department of General Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan; 3Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo College of Medicine Sasayama Medical Center, Sasayama, Japan; 4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine Sasayama Medical Center, Sasayama, Japan; 5Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan; 6School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan; 7Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Hyogo College of Medicine Sasayama Medical Center, Sasayama, Japan Objectives: Recently, isotemporal substitution has been developed to substitute activity time for an equivalent amount of another activity. This study employed this method to demonstrate the effects of replacing sedentary behavior (SB) time with an equivalent amount of light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) on the risk for different severities of frailty.Methods: A total of 886 older adults (average age 73.6 years, female 70%) participated in this cross-sectional study. Frailty status was assessed according to the cardiovascular health study criteria.Main outcome measures: Wrist-worn accelerometers were used to measure SB, LPA, and MVPA. Isotemporal substitution models were applied to show the estimated effects of substituting 30 min of SB with an equal amount of time spent in LPA or MVPA on the risk for pre-frailty and frailty.Results: The physical activity level and SB were not associated with the incidence of pre-frailty. However, a 16% (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78–0.90) and 42% (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37–0.92) decrease in frailty risk was noted when SB was substituted with LPA and MVPA, respectively, in the crude model. In the adjusted model, the significant effect was sustained for LPA (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.80–0.92) but not for MVPA (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.47–1.17).Conclusions: This study indicates that replacing 30 min of SB with an equivalent amount of LPA decreases the risk for frailty in older adults. Moreover, increasing LPA seems more feasible than increasing MVPA in older adults, with substantial benefit. Keywords: isotemporal substitution, frailty, physical activity, sedentary behavior
Published: 2018

44. Exercise program improved subjective dry eye symptoms for office workers

Author: Sano K, Kawashima M, Takechi S, Mimura M, and Tsubota K
Subjects: Ophthalmology, Dry Eye, Office workers, RE1-994, Exercise
Abstract: Kokoro Sano,1 Motoko Kawashima,1 Sayuri Takechi,2 Masaru Mimura,2 Kazuo Tsubota1 1Department of Ophthalmology, 2Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Introduction: We investigated the benefits of a cognitive behavior therapy-based exercise program to reduce the dry eye symptoms of office workers. Materials and methods: We recruited 11 office workers with dry eye symptoms, aged 31–64 years, who voluntarily participated in group health guidance at a manufacturing company. Participants learned about the role of physical activity and exercise in enhancing wellness and performed an exercise program at home 3 days per week for 10 weeks. We estimated the indexes of body composition, dry eye symptoms, and psychological distress using the Dry Eye-Related Quality of Life Score and the World Health Organization’s Subjective Well-Being Inventory questionnaires pre- and postintervention. Results: The 10-week exercise program and the questionnaires were completed by 48.1% (39 of 81) of the participants. Body composition did not change pre- and postintervention. However, the average of the Dry Eye-Related Quality of Life Score scores in participants with subjective dry eye significantly improved after the intervention. Moreover, the World Health Organization’s Subjective Well-Being Inventory positive well-being score tended to increase after the intervention. Conclusion: In this study, we showed that a 10-week exercise program improved subjective dry eye symptoms of healthy office workers. Our study suggests that a cognitive behavior therapy-based exercise program can play an important role in the treatment of patients with dry eye disease. Keywords: dry eye, exercise, office workers, cognitive behavioral therapy
Published: 2018

45. Short-term risk stratification using CADILLAC risk score in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction

Author: Satou, T, primary, Kitahara, H, additional, Ishikawa, K, additional, Nakayama, T, additional, Fujimoto, Y, additional, Sano, K, additional, and Kobayashi, Y, additional
Published: 2020
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46. 74P Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of endoplasmic reticulum stress in osteosarcomas

Author: Suehara, Y., primary, Kurihara, T., additional, Hayashi, T., additional, Sano, K., additional, Sasa, K., additional, Kubota, D., additional, Akaike, K., additional, Okubo, T., additional, Kim, Y., additional, and Saito, T., additional
Published: 2020
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47. O-165 Is morphologically selected sperm injection with testicular spermatozoa useful?

Author: Sano, K., Yoshida, A., Tanigiwa, S., Seida, K., Suzuki, H., and Tanaka, M.
Published: 2013

48. Targeted down-regulation of MLL-AF9 with antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide reduces the expression of the HOXA7and -A10 genes and induces apoptosis in a human leukemia cell line, THP-1

Author: Kawagoe, H, Kawagoe, R, and Sano, K
Published: 2001
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49. Interlaminar Fracture Toughness Measurement of Multilayered 2D Thermoelectric Materials Bi2Te3 by a Tapered Cantilever Bending Experiment.

Author: Wang, P., Wang, K. F., Wang, B. L., Xi, L., Sano, K., Shimada, T., Hirakata, H., and Fang, D. N.
Subjects: FRACTURE toughness, THERMOELECTRIC materials, FOCUSED ion beams, CRACK propagation (Fracture mechanics), CANTILEVERS, THERMOELECTRIC apparatus & appliances
Abstract: Background: Multilayered thermoelectric material bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) is widely used in engineering owing to its exceptional thermoelectric performance at room temperature. However, Bi2Te3 is prone to cracks, voids, or other defects due to its multilayered structure, leading to decreased device lifetime and reliability. Objective: This paper aims at stably and precisely measuring the interlaminar fracture toughness (IFT) of multilayered Bi2Te3 for the reliability evaluation of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric devices. In addition, we seek a method to stably measure the IFT even for very brittle materials. Methods: We developed a tapered cantilever bending (TCB) experiment to obtain the IFT. The experimental specimens were fabricated using a focused ion beam (FIB) technique at the micro scale, and the initial interlaminar crack was introduced by the notch method. Results: By performing the TCB experiment, we created an ideally sharp pre-crack and observed stable crack propagation. The critical energy release rate (ERR) for crack propagation obtained in the present paper is around 0.51–0.53 J/m2, which agrees reasonably with theoretical van der Waals (vdW) interlaminar interaction energy. Conclusions: The proposed method can be well-applied in assessing IFTs of multilayered materials, even for very brittle multilayered 2D materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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50. NEW DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND SEVERITY ASSESSMENT FOR ACUTE CHOLANGITIS: TOKYO GUIDELINES 2013: BF016

Author: Miura, F., Takada, T., Sano, K., Strasberg, S. M., Pitt, H. A., Garden, O. J., Gouma, D. J., Yoshida, M., and Mayumi, T.
Published: 2012

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