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Graphene exhibits great mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, making it an imperative material to use as a window layer in a thin-film solar cell. The efficiency and fill factor of the Cu_2ZnSnS_4 (CZTS) solar cell are increased owing to the incorporation of graphene. Numerical modeling and Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS)-1D simulation have been explored on an efficient CZTS based thin-film solar cell via simulating the proposed structure (Graphene/ZnO/CZTS/Ni) to obtain a nature-friendly solar cell. Besides, the effects of the absorber layer’s properties on cell performance parameters have been analyzed. In the proposed cell, the number of layers has been optimized using highly transparent graphene to reach enough sunlight intensity to the absorber layer and back contact. This paper also revealed the effect of temperature and found higher stability in the proposed cell. The optimized cell attributes V_oc=0.85 V and J_sc=23.815 mAcm^−2, FF=84.68%, η=17.14%.

Copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) can be considered an important absorber layer material for utilization in thin film solar cell devices because of its non-toxic, earth abundance, and cost-effective properties. In this study, the effect of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a buffer layer on the different parameters of CZTS-based solar cell devices was explored to design a highly efficient solar cell. While graphene is considered a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer for the superior quantum efficiency of CZTS thin film solar cells, MoS2 acts as a hole transport layer to offer electron–hole pair separation and an electron blocking layer to prevent recombination at the graphene/CZTS interface. This study proposed and analyzed a competent and economic CZTS solar cell structure (graphene/MoS2/CZTS/Ni) with MoS2 and graphene as the buffer and TCO layers, respectively, using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS)-1D. The proposed structure exhibited the following enhanced solar cell performance parameters: open-circuit voltage—0.8521 V, short-circuit current—25.3 mA cm−2, fill factor—84.76%, and efficiency—18.27%.

Bakso merupakan perishable food yang mudah terkontaminasi oleh mikroba saat proses penyimpanan. Bakso tanpa bahan pengawet memiliki masa simpan maksimal 1 hari pada suhu ruang dan 2 hari pada suhu dingin. Untuk memperpanjang masa simpan dan mempertahankan kualitas bakso, dianjurkan menggunakan edible coating. Edible coating yang dapat digunakan adalah agar-agar dengan penambahan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik bakso ayam yang diberi edible coating selama penyimpanan pada suhu ruang 23°C di hari ke-0, dan hari ke-2, lalu pada suhu dingin 4°C di hari ke-4, 8, dan 12. Tahapan penelitian ini terdiri dari pembuatan bakso, pembuatan larutan edible coating serta aplikasinya, dan pengamatan karakteristik yang terdiri dari nilai pH, uji organoleptik, dan TPC. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aplikasi edible coating berbasis agar-agar dengan penambahan VCO dapat mempertahankan pH bakso sehingga tidak melebihi batas SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia), memiliki karakteristik warna, aroma, tekstur dan kenampakan keseluruhan yang lebih baik daripada sampel non-coating, dapat menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba, dan mampu memperpanjang masa simpan hingga 8 hari pada penyimpanan suhu dingin 4°C.