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Introduction There is limited data on newborns born to mothers with COVID-19 infection. This multicenter cohort study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of neonates born to mothers with and without COVID-19 infection to fill a gap in the literature review. Methods The medical records of all neonates in Isfahan, Iran, between October 2020 and March 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. Results Among the 600 neonates in this study, 255 (42.5%) were in the infected group and 345 (57.5%) were assigned to the control group as they were born to non-infected mothers. In the infected group, sepsis, fever and pneumothorax were detected in 3 (1.2%), 3 (1.2%) and 4 (1.6%) neonates, respectively, compared with no case in the control group. In the infected group, neonatal respiratory distress (NRDS) (32, 12.5%) was significantly higher than the control group (27, 10.6%). Asphyxia in the infected group was 22(6.4%), compared with 19 (5.5%), in the control group. Preterm labor (PTL) (55, 21.65%), premature rupture of membranes (PROMs) (24, 9.4%) and intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) (15, 5.9%) were significantly higher in women with COVID-19 (45, 13.0%, 4, 1.2% and 7, 2.0%, respectively). Low birth weight (LBW) accounted for 42 (16.5%) neonates in the infected group and 25 (7.2%) in the control group (p < 0.05). Of the 255 neonates born to infected mothers, 38 (14.9%) were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), compared with 31 out of 345 (9.0%) in the control group (p < 0.05). RT-PCR test results were positive in two newborns (0.8%), one of whom died of necrotizing enterocolitis. Conclusion As a result of maternal COVID-19 infections, neonates experienced higher rates of sepsis, fever, pneumothorax, asphyxia and NRDS in addition to PTL, PROMs, IUGR, and LBW.

Unwanted pregnancy is a world problem. In 2008, there were 208 million pregnancies in the world, and 41% of them were unwanted pregnancy. Cross-national reproductive health studies have indicated that the unwanted pregnancy rates remain substantially high in many developing regions, including in Indonesia (Bearak et al. 2018). Unwanted pregnancies in Indonesia increased from 13.6% in 2012 to 16% in 2015. The high rates of unwanted pregnancies are often linked to the gaps in family planning services such as the effective use of contraceptive methods which is also influenced by family socioeconomic backgrounds such as their occupational status. Using the case study at health clinics of PKBI in East Java, this paper attempts to explore the association or relationship between the risk of unwanted pregnancy among couples of childbearing age (CCA) with their use of contraceptive methods and occupational status. A quantitative method of a case-control research design was applied by using a random sampling technique. The study was 50 women couples of childbearing age (15–45 years), who had unwanted and wanted pregnancies. Simple correlation analysis shows that the association are relatively significant between the occurrence of an unwanted pregnancy with the long-term contraceptive use (p-value = 0.008), and with the employed in occupational status (p-value = 0.027). However, there is no correlation between the unwanted pregnancy occurrence with the short-term contraceptives use (p-value = 0.118). The study concludes that the use of short-term contraceptive methods and the employed status can still affect the risk of unwanted pregnancies, while the effective use of long-term contraceptive method has a vital role in preventing unwanted pregnancies.

Extreme weather events cause large-scale population displacement in Bangladesh. It is important to know how household displacement due to such events might affect women's antenatal care (ANC) service utilization.In 2017, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted in 25 rural villages in either displacement prone or non-displacement prone areas of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 611 respondents (a woman or her husband) who reported having had a live birth in the past three years; of those, 289 had experienced household displacement due to an extreme weather event. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between experience of household displacement and women's ANC service utilization during their last pregnancy resulting in a live birth.Eighty-three percent of women had received at least one ANC visit during their last pregnancy resulting in a live birth; of those, 31% received at least four visits with a trained provider. Women from households that had been displaced three or more times were less likely than those from nondisplaced households to have received an ANC visit and at least four visits with a trained provider (odds ratios, 0.3 and 0.4, respectively). Receiving at least four visits with a trained provider was also associated with having previous children (0.3-0.4), age at pregnancy (2.5-3.9), husband's occupation (2.2 for "other") and joint parental decision-making about ANC visits (1.8).Strengthening family planning services and extending eligibility for Bangladesh's Maternity Allowance benefits in the areas prone to floods and riverbank erosion are recommended to improve ANC service utilization.RESUMEN Contexto: Los eventos climáticos extremos causan desplazamientos de población a gran escala en Bangladesh. Es importante conocer cómo el desplazamiento de hogares debido a tales eventos podría afectar la utilización que las mujeres hacen de los servicios de atención prenatal (APN). Métodos: En 2017, se condujo una encuesta transversal de hogares en 25 pueblos rurales de Bangladesh tanto en áreas propensas al desplazamiento como en áreas no propensas al mismo. Se recolectaron datos de 611 personas entrevistadas (mujeres o sus cónyuges) que reportaron haber tenido un nacido vivo en los tres años previos; de ellas, 289 habían experimentado desplazamiento del hogar debido a un evento climático extremo. Se llevaron a cabo análisis de regresión logística para examinar la relación entre la experiencia del desplazamiento del hogar y la utilización de servicios de APN por las mujeres durante su último embarazo que resultó en un nacido vivo. Resultados: Ochenta y tres por ciento de las mujeres habían tenido al menos una visita de APN durante su último embarazo que resultó en un nacido vivo; de ellas, 31% tuvo al menos cuatro visitas con un proveedor de servicios capacitado. Las mujeres de hogares que habían sido desplazados tres o más veces tuvieron menos probabilidad que las mujeres de hogares no desplazados de haber tenido una visita de APN y al menos cuatro visitas con un proveedor de servicios capacitado (razón de probabilidades, 0.3 y 0.4, respectivamente). Tener hijos previamente (0.3–0.4), edad al embarazo (2.5–3.9), ocupación del cónyuge (2.2 para “otro”) y toma de decisiones parentales conjunta sobre visitas de APN (1.8) también estuvieron asociados con el hecho de tener al menos cuatro visitas con un proveedor de servicios capacitado. Conclusiones: Se recomienda fortalecer los servicios de planificación familiar y extender la elegibilidad para los beneficios de la Prestación por Maternidad del Gobierno de Bangladesh en las áreas propensas a inundaciones y erosión de las riberas de los ríos para mejorar la utilización de servicios de APN.RÉSUMÉ Contexte: Les phénomènes météorologiques extrêmes sont la cause de déplacements de population à grande échelle au Bangladesh. Il importe de documenter l'effet éventuel de ce déplacement des ménages sur le recours des femmes aux prestations de soins prénatals (SPN). Méthodes: En 2017, une enquête transversale auprès des ménages a été menée dans 25 villages bangladais situés dans des zones sujettes ou non au déplacement. Les données ont été collectées auprès de 611 répondants (les femmes ou leur mari) ayant déclaré avoir eu une naissance vivante au cours des trois dernières années. Parmi ces répondants, 289 avaient connu un déplacement du ménage dû à un phénomène météorologique extrême. La relation entre le vécu de ce déplacement et le recours des femmes aux prestations SPN durant leur dernière grossesse ayant abouti sur une naissance vivante a été examinée par analyses de régression logistique. Résultats: Quatre-vingt-trois pour cent des femmes avaient obtenu au moins une consultation SPN durant leur dernière grossesse ayant abouti sur une naissance vivante; parmi elles, 31% en avaient obtenu au moins quatre avec un prestataire qualifé. Les femmes des ménages déplacés trois fois ou davantage étaient moins susceptibles que celles des ménages non déplacés d'avoir obtenu une consultation SPN et au moins quatre consultations avec un prestataire qualifié (RC, 0,3 et 0,4, respectivement). L'expérience antérieure de la maternité (0,3–0,4), l'âge au moment de la grossesse (2,5–3,9), l'activité professionnelle du mari (2,2 pour « autre ») et la prise de décision parentale conjointe concernant les consultations SPN (1,8) se sont aussi avérés associés à l'obtention d'au moins quatre consultations avec un prestataire qualifié. Conclusions: Le renforcement des services de planification familiale et l'admissibilité accrue aux prestations de maternité du gouvernement bangladais dans les zones vulnérables aux inondations et à l'érosion des rives sont recommandés pour améliorer le recours aux prestations SPN.

Cet article envisage divers modeles, tant spatiaux que temporels, afin de permettre une comparaison internationale des niveaux de migration interne entre tous les pays du monde. En premier lieu, parmi les divers modeles spatiaux utilises, le modele reliant les migrations aux decoupages du territoire permet de resumer simplement cette relation. Mais ses parametres n’ont pas de signification claire pour une comparaison internationale. En second lieu, le modele « migrant-migration » permet de ramener des effectifs de migrants, mesures sur des periodes variables, a un taux instantane independant des migrations multiples et des retours survenant sur une periode plus large. Des lors, une comparaison internationale n’est possible que pour les taux instantanes de changement de logement, indicateur classique dont la signification est claire. Les auteurs montrent a l’aide de nombreux exemples que l’utilisation simultanee des deux types de modeles permet, sous certaines conditions, d’estimer de facon approchee un tel taux, que l’on peut relier aux parametres de ces modeles. Dans certains pays, ou l’on dispose d’une mesure directe des changements de logement, la validite des modeles peut etre testee et confirmee.

In this article, we undertake an event-history analysis of fertility in Ghana. We exploit detailed life history calendar data to conduct a more refined and definitive analysis of the relationship among personal traits, urban residence, and fertility. Although urbanization is generally associated with lower fertility in developing countries, inferences in most studies have been hampered by a lack of information about the timing of residence in relationship to childbearing. We find that the effect of urbanization itself is strong, evident, and complex, and persists after we control for the effects of age, cohort, union status, and education. Our discrete-time event-history analysis shows that urban women exhibit fertility rates that are, on average, 11% lower than those of rural women, but the effects vary by parity. Differences in urban population traits would augment the effects of urban adaptation itself. Extensions of the analysis point to the operation of a selection effect in rural-to-urban mobility but provide limited evidence for disruption effects. The possibility of further selection of urbanward migrants on unmeasured traits remains. The analysis also demonstrates the utility of an annual life history calendar for collecting such data in the field.

In the last few years, there is an increasing interest in connecting Indonesian diaspora around the world in order to assist in the national development. A recent event called “Congress of Indonesian Diaspora” held by Indonesian Diaspora Network (IDN) in Jakarta has been conducted to focus on this issue. Nevertheless, there is still little known about the actual size and composition of the global Indonesian diaspora. This paper attempts to contribute to fill in this gap by analysing migration patterns and several specific demographic factors among Indonesian diaspora as part of the largest global community. The paper will also explore the potential impacts of Indonesian diaspora could play in Indonesian development.

Internal migration is the most significant process driving changes in the pattern of human settlement across much of the world, yet remarkably few attempts have been made to compare internal migration between countries. Differences in data collection, in geography and in measurement intervals seriously hinder rigorous cross-national comparisons. We supplement data from the University of Minnesota IPUMS collection to make comparisons between 28 countries using both five year and lifetime measures of migration, and focusing particularly on migration intensity and spatial impacts. We demonstrate that Courgeau's k (Courgeau 1973) provides a powerful mechanism to transcend differences in statistical geography. Our results reveal widespread differences in the intensity of migration, and in the ages at which it occurs, with Asia generally displaying low mobility and sharp, early peaks, whereas Latin America and the Developed Countries show higher mobility and flatter age profiles usually peaking at older ages. High mobility is commonly offset by corresponding counter-flows but redistribution through internal migration is substantial in some countries, especially when computed as a lifetime measure. Time series comparisons show five year migration intensities falling in most countries (China being a notable exception), although lifetime data show more widespread rises due to age structure effects. Globally, we estimate that 740 million people, one in eight, were living within their home country but outside their region of birth, substantially above the commonly cited figure of 200 million international migrants.