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1. Mimikveränderungen während einer Traumatherapie : Explorative Studie zum Zusammenhang mimisch-affektiver Veränderungen mit therapeutischen Outcomes

Author

Kirsch, A., Spang, J., Schäfer, S. K., Pfaltz, Monique C., Krause, R., Sachsse, U., Michael, T., Kirsch, A., Spang, J., Schäfer, S. K., Pfaltz, Monique C., Krause, R., Sachsse, U., and Michael, T.

Abstract

Background: Clinicians frequently describe changes in facial affective behavior during the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). An increase in facial affective behavior is seen in association with a reduction of numbing symptoms. Objective: The purpose of this exploratory study was to demonstrate the changes in facial affective behavior (especially negative affects) during inpatient eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment and to examine to what extent these changes correspond to shifts in symptom severity. Material and methods: Facial affective behavior was coded during therapeutic sessions for 16 patients who were chronically traumatized during their youth, using the facial action coding system (FACS) for 3 time points, before, during and 1 year after treatment with EMDR. Data of the impact of event scale revised (IES-R), the symptom checklist (SCL-90-R), Beck depression inventory (BDI-V) and a questionnaire for dissociative symptoms (FDS) was documented for 16 female patients with a mean age of 39 years (SD = ±10). Results and conclusion: There was a significant change in facial affective behavior during and after treatment (χ2(2) = 5.73, p = 0.030). Total facial affective behavior and the expression of negative affect significantly increased 1 year after therapy; however, there were no significant correlations between the change of facial affective behavior during EMDR treatment and relevant outcome variables. Further research will show if monitoring facial affective behavior is useful to assess therapeutic success, especially with respect to social interactions. © 2017, Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH. more...

Published
2018
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2. Neurobiologie komplexer Traumafolgestörungen

Author

Sack, M, Sachsse, U, Schellong, J, Sack, M ( M ), Sachsse, U ( U ), Schellong, J ( J ), Irle, E, Lange, C, Weniger, G, Sack, M, Sachsse, U, Schellong, J, Sack, M ( M ), Sachsse, U ( U ), Schellong, J ( J ), Irle, E, Lange, C, and Weniger, G more...

Published
2013

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3. Neurobiologische Veränderungen bei posttraumatischen Zuständen

Author

Dulz, B, Herbertz, S, Kernberg, O F, Sachsse, U, Dulz, B ( B ), Herbertz, S ( S ), Kernberg, O F ( O F ), Sachsse, U ( U ), Irle, E, Lange, C, Weniger, G, Dulz, B, Herbertz, S, Kernberg, O F, Sachsse, U, Dulz, B ( B ), Herbertz, S ( S ), Kernberg, O F ( O F ), Sachsse, U ( U ), Irle, E, Lange, C, and Weniger, G more...

Published
2011

5. Reduced amygdala and hippocampus size in trauma-exposed women with borderline personality disorder and without posttraumatic stress disorder

Author

Weniger, G, Lange, C, Sachsse, U, Irle, E, University of Zurich, and Irle, E

Subjects
2738 Psychiatry and Mental Health, nervous system, mental disorders, 2736 Pharmacology (medical), 610 Medicine & health, 10056 Clinic for Clinical and Social Psychiatry Zurich West (former), 2803 Biological Psychiatry, behavioral disciplines and activities, borderline personality disorder, hippocampus, amygdala
Abstract

Background Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) display reduced hippocampus size and impaired cognition. However, studies on individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are rare, and studies on trauma-exposed patients with BPD but without PTSD are lacking. Methods Twenty-four trauma-exposed women with BPD (10 with PTSD and 14 without) and 25 healthy controls underwent 3-dimensional structural magnetic resonance imaging of the amygdala and hippocampus and a clinical and neuropsychological investigation. Results Compared with controls, patients with BPD and PTSD displayed significantly reduced amygdala (34%) and hippocampus (12%) size and significantly impaired cognition. Trauma-exposed patients with BPD but without PTSD also showed significantly reduced amygdala (22%) and hippocampus (11%) size but normal cognition. Amygdala and hippocampus size did not differ significantly between patients with and without PTSD. Limitations The sample sizes of trauma-exposed groups are relatively small. A larger sample size may have revealed statistically significant differences in amygdala size between those with and without PTSD. Conclusion Our results demonstrate strong amygdala size reduction in trauma-exposed patients with BPD with or without PTSD, much exceeding that reported for trauma-exposed individuals without BPD. Our data suggest that BPD is associated with small amygdala size. Furthermore, evidence is increasing that amygdala and hippocampus size reduction is not only due to PTSD, but also to traumatic exposure. peerReviewed more...

Published
2009

6. Reduced amygdala and hippocampus size in trauma-exposed women with borderline personality disorder and without posttraumatic stress disorder.

Author

Weniger G, Lange C, Sachsse U, and Irle E

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) display reduced hippocampus size and impaired cognition. However, studies on individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are rare, and studies on trauma-exposed patients with BPD but without PTSD are lacking. METHODS: Twenty-four trauma-exposed women with BPD (10 with PTSD and 14 without) and 25 healthy controls underwent 3-dimensional structural magnetic resonance imaging of the amygdala and hippocampus and a clinical and neuropsychological investigation. RESULTS: Compared with controls, patients with BPD and PTSD displayed significantly reduced amygdala (34%) and hippocampus (12%) size and significantly impaired cognition. Trauma-exposed patients with BPD but without PTSD also showed significantly reduced amygdala (22%) and hippocampus (11%) size but normal cognition. Amygdala and hippocampus size did not differ significantly between patients with and without PTSD. LIMITATIONS: The sample sizes of trauma-exposed groups are relatively small. A larger sample size may have revealed statistically significant differences in amygdala size between those with and without PTSD. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate strong amygdala size reduction in trauma-exposed patients with BPD with or without PTSD, much exceeding that reported for trauma-exposed individuals without BPD. Our data suggest that BPD is associated with small amygdala size. Furthermore, evidence is increasing that amygdala and hippocampus size reduction is not only due to PTSD, but also to traumatic exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Published
2009

7. [Childhood-onset versus acute, adult-onset traumatized patients in the light of amnestic tendencies and derealisation].

Author

Kirsch A, Krause R, Spang J, and Sachsse U

Subjects
Acute Disease, Adult, Amnesia psychology, Amnesia therapy, Borderline Personality Disorder diagnosis, Borderline Personality Disorder psychology, Borderline Personality Disorder therapy, Child, Comorbidity, Crime Victims psychology, Defense Mechanisms, Depersonalization psychology, Depersonalization therapy, Depressive Disorder diagnosis, Depressive Disorder psychology, Depressive Disorder therapy, Desensitization, Psychologic methods, Eye Movements, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Assessment, Somatoform Disorders diagnosis, Somatoform Disorders psychology, Somatoform Disorders therapy, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic therapy, Violence psychology, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse psychology, Affect, Amnesia diagnosis, Depersonalization diagnosis, Facial Expression, Nonverbal Communication, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic diagnosis
Abstract

Objectives: In the present study we examined the facial affective behaviour of acute adult-onset traumatized patients versus childhood-onset traumatized patients. Furthermore, we analyzed whether a decrease in emotional numbing results from a reduction of symptoms. We used amnestic tendencies as a moderator variable., Methods: The facial affective behaviour was coded with the Emotional Facial Acting Coding System, an instrument for the registration of facial movements with emotional relevance. The facial affective behaviour of the patient's first and last EMDR sessions was compared., Results: Childhood-onset and acute adult-onset traumatized patients showed the same reduction of overall facial activity. We found significantly higher psychic complaints (global severity index) (SCL-90-R) in childhood-onset traumatized patients and no difference in amnestic tendencies (FDS) between the two groups. Childhood-onset traumatized patients showed higher values of derealisation (FDS)., Conclusions: The facial affective reduction remains constant over time. Also childhood-onset traumatized patients developed more psychic complaints and greater derealisation. more...

Published
2008
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