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Background: Anemia, characterized by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin, results in insufficient tissue oxygenation. Nutritional anemia, a prevalent issue in countries like India, particularly affects adolescents and women of reproductive age. Adolescence, crucial for adult development, imposes heightened nutritional demands. Iron deficiency, a common cause of anemia in young females, is associated with compromised leucocyte bactericidal activity. This study explores the impact of anemia on leucocyte and platelet counts. Methodology: The study involved 40 females (18-24 years) with Hb>12gm% in the control group and anemic females (Hb<6gm%) from SLN Hospital. Informed consent was obtained, and subjects were selected based on history and examination. Hemoglobin, leucocyte count, differential count, platelet count, and the L ratio were measured using an electronic cell counter. Statistical analysis employed descriptive statistics and SPSS, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: In anaemic females, the mean hemoglobin was 5.81±1.71, significantly lower than the control group (13.61±1.09). Total leucocyte count was higher in anaemia, with a significant rise in neutrophils and a decrease in monocytes and eosinophils. Platelet count significantly decreased, and the N/L ratio was higher in anaemia (p<0.01). Discussion: Nutritional anemia remains prevalent, impacting physical and mental well-being, especially in children and reproductive-age women. Iron's role in blood cell maturation is vital, and its deficiency compromises immune cell activity. The study aligns with prior research on increased neutrophils in anemia. Lower oxidative stress prolongs neutrophil lifespan, compensating for reduced phagocytic activity. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is associated with reversible arachidonic acid-induced platelet dysfunction, emphasizing the importance of iron replenishment. The study concludes that anemia induces hypoxia, contributing to inflammation, ischemic damage, increased myocardial workload, thrombocytopenia, altered leucocyte counts, and an elevated N/L ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dengue, a vector-borne viral disease, poses a significant public health challenge, especially in South Odisha. This cross-sectional study, conducted at SLN Medical College Hospital, Koraput, Odisha, focuses on evaluating liver function tests in 100 Dengue patients. Acknowledging the importance of hepatic involvement in Dengue, the research aims to provide valuable insights into the manifestations of the disease, potentially enhancing diagnostic and management strategies in the region. Methodology: Employing a systematic approach, this cross-sectional study enrolled 100 Dengue patients at SLN Medical College Hospital, Koraput, Odisha. Standardized liver function tests, including serum bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase, were conducted. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, offering a comprehensive overview of hepatic parameters in Dengue patients within this tertiary care setting. Results: Among the Dengue patients, 40% exhibited less than a 2-fold increase in AST levels, 28% showed a 2-10-fold rise, and 10% demonstrated more than a 10-fold increase. Overall, 22% maintained normal SGOT values, with 78% displaying elevated levels. Regarding SGPT, 20% had normal values, 35% presented with less than a 2-fold increase, 25% displayed a 2-10-fold rise, and 20% had more than a 10-fold increase from normal levels. Early-stage symptoms like vomiting and abdominal pain correlated with hepatic involvement, with statistically higher AST and ALT levels in patients developing complications such as DHF, DSS, hepatic failure, ARDS, AKI, and encephalopathy. Conclusion: This study highlights a notable prevalence of hepatic involvement in Dengue patients, underscoring the significance of vigilant monitoring, especially in cases with early symptoms and those at risk of complications. These findings offer crucial insights for tailored interventions and enhanced patient care within the tertiary care context of South Odisha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes, once perceived as a singular ailment, is now acknowledged as a diverse spectrum of diseases marked by persistent hyperglycemia. Rooted in the impaired production or function of insulin, it poses complications spanning cardiovascular, renal, neurological, ocular, and infectious conditions. Quality of life (QOL) is pivotal, reflecting healthcare objectives, with diabetes impacting QOL through various demographic and psychosocial factors. This study explores the diabetes profile and QOL in urban elderly, addressing the observed noncommunicable disease risk factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study in Koraput from March 2022 to January 2023 included 220 individuals aged 60 and above. Prevalence estimates were based on reported data, and a multistage random sampling technique was used. Questionnaires covered biosocial characteristics, family history, diabetes symptoms, investigations, and WHO-QOL BREF scale. Statistical tools analyzed data and drew conclusions through comparative analysis. Results: Participants (mean age 64.57 ± 4.42 years) showed 20.45% diabetes prevalence. QOL scores varied across domains, with Psychological (43.45 ± 7.52) highest and Physical (39.56 ± 8.29) lowest. Significant differences occurred in overall, physical, and environmental domains. Relationships between diabetes and sociodemographic variables, family history, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, and family history of diabetes were significant. Discussion: Urban diabetes prevalence aligns with comparable studies, emphasizing the evolving understanding of diabetes complexity. QOL dynamics revealed diverse perspectives, notably in the Environmental domain (45.34) and Physical domain (38.10), contrasting with previous studies. These variations underscore the influence of population and setting on QOL domains. Conclusion: This study illuminates diabetes complexity and its impact on QOL in the urban elderly. Findings emphasize the need for personalized interventions to address unique challenges. Insights contribute to targeted healthcare strategies for specific subpopulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Eclampsia, characterized by generalized convulsions associated with preeclampsia during pregnancy, labor, or within 7 days post-delivery, remains a significant challenge in maternal healthcare. This study explores the incidence, management, and maternal characteristics of eclampsia, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and timely intervention. Materials and Methods: A two-year prospective study was conducted at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, recruiting 821 pregnant mothers with eclampsia. Patients with other causes of pregnancy-related convulsions were excluded. Data on convulsion episodes, treatment modalities, and hypertension control were analyzed. Results: The majority (66%) experienced 2 to 5 convulsion episodes, with a range from 1 to 40. Patients with more than 10 convulsions showed improved outcomes after the Loading Dose of MgSO4. Hypertension control solely through delivery was observed in 29% of cases, with additional administration of Calcigard in some instances. Conclusion: Eclampsia, more prevalent in young primigravida patients, underscores the need for enhanced antenatal care surveillance. Early detection of pre-eclampsia through regular blood pressure monitoring and urine protein screening is crucial. Sensitization of healthcare providers at grassroots levels is imperative for ensuring timely diagnosis and effective management, thus positively impacting maternal and child care outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rhinoplasty presents a unique challenge to facial cosmetic surgeons due to the intricate nasal anatomy, lack of standardization in surgical approaches, and the diverse expectations of patients. This study aims to address the growing trend of rhinoplasty among young individuals, focusing on the need for comprehensive data collection and outcome analysis. Patient-reported outcomes, particularly quality of life (QOL) assessments, are gaining significance in evaluating the success of facial cosmetic procedures. Methodology: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 30 patients with various forms of nasal deformities at SLN Medical College and Hospital, Koraput, Odisha. Surgeries were performed by senior consultants, and the outcomes were analyzed using the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI). Patients were assessed using GBI questionnaires in English and Hindi at 3 and 6 months postsurgery. Inclusion criteria involved patients aged 18 to 60 with parental support and consent for rhinoplasty, while exclusion criteria included psychologically unstable patients and those medically unfit. Detailed preoperative evaluations, standardized surgeries, and postoperative assessments were conducted. Results: Among 31 patients undergoing rhinoplasty, the most common deformity was a crooked nose (38.7%). The mean total GBI score was 63.21, with significant differences observed in total scores, general benefit, and social support scores over 3 and 6 months. Descriptive analysis revealed no significant differences between male and female patients or among different forms of nasal deformities. The study indicated an overall improvement in health status, with a notable impact on general benefit and social support. Discussion: Surgeons undertaking rhinoplasty must navigate the complex interplay of nasal anatomy and psychosocial expectations. Patient satisfaction, a key metric, necessitates scrutiny of surgical outcomes. This study employs GBI, a validated post-intervention questionnaire, to comprehensively assess clinical, QOL, and psychological improvements. The positive results underscore the significance of aesthetic and functional rhinoplasty in enhancing the QOL of the study population. Conclusion: This study concludes that rhinoplasty positively impacts patients' psyches by improving their selfperception and overall well-being. Through meticulous preoperative assessment, proper patient selection, and standardized surgical procedures, rhinoplasty can achieve excellent clinical and psychological outcomes. The Glasgow Benefit Inventory emerges as a vital tool for postintervention assessment in rhinoplasty studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we wanted to evaluate the results of unstable inter-trochanteric fractures treated with primary hemi-replacement arthroplasty in elderly with regard to function restored, morbidity, associated complications, pain score in post-operative period and mortality. Materials and methods: This was a hospital based longitudinal interventional study conducted among 35 patients who presented with peri-trochanteric fractures to the Department of Orthopaedics in M.K.C.G. Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Gangnam, Odisha, over a period of one year after obtaining clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee and written informed consent from the study participants. Results: Most of the patients were reported with satisfactory outcome at the end of the study. Younger age group patients, male patients had better outcome. Patients with Evans type II fracture type had better outcome than the type III variety. Female patients specially having some form of co-morbidity had less favourable outcome. A significant relationship between early post-operative weight bearing and good functional outcome with fewer incidences of complications was noted. Better fracture stability led to better outcome. Our study was limited in aspects like small sample size, short duration of follow-up with variable patient characteristics. Conclusion: Primary hemi replacement arthroplasty is a good treatment option in treating unstable trochanteric fracture in elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we wanted to compare clinical and functional outcomes of Rockwood's type III, IV, V, VI AC joint dislocation treated with open reduction and internal fixation via modified Weaver- Dunn procedure and autogenous tendon graft reconstruction approach. Materials and methods: This was a hospital based prospective comparative study conducted among 30 patients who presented with painful, chronic complete AC joint dislocation, aged between 18 and 60 years irrespective of sex in the Department of Orthopaedics, M.K.C.G. Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, over a period of 24 months from November 2019 to November 2021 after obtaining clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee and written informed consent from the study participants. Results: The difference between semitendinosus graft procedure and modified Weaver-Dunn procedure was statistically significant with regard to the mean operative time of surgery, the mean pre-operative range of abduction, post-operative range of abduction, the mean pre- operative range of flexion, post-operative range of flexion, the mean pre-operative range of external rotation and post-operative range of external rotation, and the mean CC distance. Conclusion: MWD is one of the most popular methods but anatomic reconstruction of CC ligament with autogenous STT graft is increasingly getting popular as it provides better stability, diminishes pain and better function as well as better strength is achieved with STT graft technique procedure. Statistically significant difference between the two groups was found in relation to operative time. The average operating time was more in STT group due to graft harvesting from the patient and strength of this graft obviates the need for augmentation with other non-biological devices. In the study we have seen that there is a statistically significant difference between the MWD and STT group in terms of final outcome as STT graft has better OSS, NCS and UCLA score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Orthopedic disorders are surgical cases that involve hundreds of millions of people globally that are often related to dislocations, fracture. In orthopedic patients, prevention and correction of malnutrition has major impact in preventing operative and post-op complications, particularly in the geriatric age group. Objectives 1. To study the effect of major elective orthopaedic surgery on the nutritional status of patients. 2. To analyse how the nutritional markers behave pre op, post op and at 3 months follow up in patients undergoing major elective orthopaedic surgery. MATERIAL &METHODS Study Design: Hospital based prospective descriptional study. Study Area: The study was done at department of Orthopaedics, in a tertiary care hospital. Study Period: 1 year. Study Population: Patients undergoing major elective orthopaedic surgery. Major orthopaedic surgery includes hip and knee joint replacement surgeries. Sample Size: 199 cases were included in our study. Ethical Consideration: Institutional Ethical committee permission was taken prior to the commencement of the study. Study tools and Data collection procedure: The nutritional assessment was done by both anthropometry (BMI) and biochemical markers (Prealbumin and Transferrin). Since MUAC and TSF were found to be highly observer dependent and inaccurate, they were not used for analysis. Similarly since prealbumin and transferrin were better predictors of the nutritional status, other biochemical markers (albumin and total lymphocyte count) were not analyzed. RESULTS The pre albumin values at pre op, post op and follow up of the Osteosynthesis patients shows a significant difference between all three values (p value 0.000). There was significant difference in the pattern of values in diabetics (p value 0.001) and when comparing the age groups (p value 0.004). CONCLUSION Age > 40 is the main patient related factor that affect the nutritional status of patients undergoing major elective orthopaedic surgery. Among the comorbidities, diabetes mellitus affects the nutritional status of the patients undergoing major elective orthopaedic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted to determine and compare the prevalence of known risk factors for CHD in south Odisha's urban and rural communities. A hospital-based epidemiological study from South Odisha was carried out at MKCG Medical College Hospital. Data was collected using a coded schedule that was designed in advance after receiving oral consent. Different known risk factors for CHD were examined. Questions were asked about family history of CHD, smoking / tobacco use, alcohol consumption, exercise and mental stress. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference of the subjects were recorded. Blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and serum cholesterol for study subjects were also estimated. The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia appeared to be significantly higher among urban subjects compared to rural. High prevalence has been noted for obesity and the family history of CHD among urban subjects compared to that among rural. However, the difference in prevalence was not statistically significant. Smoking / tobacco use, stress and alcohol consumption were higher among rural subjects than those found in cities. Current research clearly shows that the increasing prevalence of CHD risk factors in Odisha is a major problem for public health in India. Population-based emergency measures are needed to control the risk factors in cardiovascular risk factors to prevent CHD in Odisha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background- Type 2 diabetes is one of the major public health problems in India. Diabetes can affect almost every organ in the body, causing blindness, kidney disease, amputation, and increased risk of stroke, heart disease, peripheral neuropathy. Objectives: 1. To detect the spread of type 2 diabetes in Urban Population of Cuttack City 2. How obesity is associated with Diabetes Mellitus Methods: A community-based study was conducted from March 2013 to Feb 2014 at the SCB Medical College gym, at the Jobra urban health center. A collection sample method was used using a total of 502 participants and a pre-developed proforma interviewed. Results: The prevalence of Mellitus diabetes in the current study was 19.5%. Diabetes mellitus gradually increases over the years (X2 = 12.24, df = 3, p = 0.0066). Type Diabetes Mellitus most closely related to duration of exercise (X2 = 4.37, 1df, P = 0.03), family history of Diabetes (X2 = 136.1, 4df, p = 0.001), Weight Index (X2 = 58.18, 3df, p < 0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]