915 results on '"SPANISH colonies"'
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2. Lesser kestrels of the same colony do not overwinter together.
- Author
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García-Macía, Jorge, Chaouni, Munir, Morollón, Sara, Bustamante, Javier, López-Ricaurte, Lina, Martínez-Dalmau, Juan, Rodríguez-Moreno, Beatriz, and Urios, Vicente
- Subjects
- *
GLOBAL Positioning System , *COLONIES (Biology) , *COLONIAL birds , *SPATIAL ecology , *MIGRATORY animals ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
Migratory connectivity describes the linkage between breeding and nonbreeding sites, having major ecological implications in birds: 1 season influence the success of an individual or a population in the following season. Most studies on migratory connectivity have used large-scale approaches, often considering regional populations, but fine-scale studies are also necessary to understand colony connectivity. The lesser kestrel Falco naumanni , an insectivorous migratory raptor which form colonies during the breeding period, was considered to have strong connectivity based on regional populations. However, no small-scale studies on migratory connectivity have been conducted. Therefore, we GPS (Global Positioning System)-tracked 40 adult lesser kestrels from 15 different Spanish breeding colonies, estimating the overlap index between home ranges and the distance between their centroids. It was found that lesser kestrels from the same breeding colony placed their nonbreeding areas at 347 ± 281 km (mean ± standard deviation) away from each other (range = 23–990), and their home ranges overlapped by 38.4 ± 23.6%. No differences between intra-colony and inter-colony metrics were found, which suggests that lesser kestrels from the same breeding cluster do not overwinter together, but they spread out and mixed independently of the colony belonging throughout the nonbreeding range of the species. Ultimately, this study highlights the importance of performing connectivity studies using fine-scale approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Revolución y Diplomacia: el Trienio Liberal y América.
- Author
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Marchena Domínguez, José
- Subjects
SPANISH colonies ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,EXILE (Punishment) ,LIBERALISM ,SLAVERY ,STUDENT aspirations ,REFERENDUM - Abstract
Copyright of Pasado y Memoria. Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Pasado y Memoria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. ANÁLISIS CONSTRUCTIVO Y ESTRUCTURAL DE LAS BATERÍAS DE COSTA EN LA PLAYA LA CHIRA (PERÚ).
- Author
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Celis Estrada, Diego Javier
- Subjects
GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,HISTORIC preservation ,SPANISH colonies ,CULTURAL identity ,WORLD history ,INTEGRITY ,SEVENTEENTH century ,RECOGNITION (Psychology) ,AUTONOMY & independence movements - Abstract
Copyright of Virtual Archaeology Review is the property of Virtual Archaeology Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The Long Shadow of Structural Marxism in International Relations: Historicising Colonial Strategies in the Americas.
- Author
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PARRIS, Samuel and VAN RANKIN, Armando
- Subjects
COLONIES ,HISTORICAL sociology ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,MARXIST philosophy ,SPANISH colonies ,SEVENTEENTH century ,FEUDALISM ,SLAVE trade - Abstract
Over the past decades, Marxist-inspired approaches from the field of International Historical Sociology (IHS) have theorised the relationship between 16th and 17th Century European colonial expansion and the development of relations of production and economic growth on both sides of the Atlantic. In this article, we argue that such attempts - from Dependency Theory (DT), World-Systems Theory (WST), and Uneven and Combined Development (UCD) - are premised on a structuralist perspective which overextend the notion of capitalism and under examine the sphere of production, rendering divergent and distinct strategies of European colonialism a homogenous and under-historicised process. Embracing theoretical innovations from Geopolitical Marxism (GPM), we dispute this unitary logic of expansion, instead applying a radical historicist methodology to demonstrate that British and Spanish colonial strategies in the Americas (intra-imperial free trade vs. mercantilism) were shaped by nationally specific class relations (capitalism vs. feudalism/absolutism), generating unique patterns of settlement on the ground (mineral extraction vs. cash-crop production). Promoting historicism thus allows Marxist International Relations to better recognise "the 'making of' the international order" during the period of European colonial expansion from the 16th century onwards, and, in doing so, further understand its enduring legacies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Gold Deposits Related to the Island Arc Formations and Ophiolitic Complexes of Eastern Cuba: A Review.
- Author
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Costafreda, Jorge L., Martín, Domingo A., Costafreda-Velázquez, Jorge L., and Parra, José Luis
- Subjects
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ISLAND arcs , *ULTRABASIC rocks , *GOLD , *METASOMATISM , *VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc. , *GOLD ores ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
Several gold deposits in the eastern region of Cuba are genetically related to the island arc- and the ophiolitic complex formation. These have been studied and exploited since the time of the Spanish colonization in the mid-sixteenth century. These deposits belong to the Aguas Claras-Guajabales mineral field in the Holguín Province (Cuba) and lie in an elongated zone approximately 15 km in length. The object of this work is to make a methodical, detailed, and chronological review of the geological and mining work carried out in this region, as well as highlight the degree of the previously achieved studies. To realize this, an extensive bibliographic review of all available data, including published reports and articles, as well as unpublished material, was carried out. Moreover, ore mineralogy and petrography were reviewed by thin section analyses from samples from these deposits by petrographic and scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained from this study highlight that the gold mineralization in that area is closely linked to metasomatic processes produced by the circulation of hydrothermal fluids that affected the different volcanic and ultramafic rocks. This study shows that the highest gold contents observed are controlled by the contacts between the different host lithologies with high rheological contrasts. The presence of different alteration styles such as serpentinization, listvenitization, rodingitization, and propylitization have played a primary role in the deposition of gold during mineralization processes. This work could be a very useful exploration guide for future research in this region, as it provides a useful and practical compilation of the characteristics of the mineralization and alteration styles, as well as a precise indication of the spatial position, thicknesses, and contents of the gold-rich horizons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Esclavos Indios and the School of Salamanca after the New Laws of 1542.
- Author
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Méndez Alonzo, Manuel
- Subjects
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BORDERLANDS , *INDIGENOUS peoples , *SPANIARDS , *ANTISLAVERY movements , *CIVIL war , *SLAVERY , *CRIME ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
In 1542, with the promulgation of the New Laws, Spanish authorities made a greater effort to eliminate indigenous slavery in America, after the doubts expressed by various missionaries about the treatment given to the indigenous people by Spanish settlers. However, legally sanctioned slavery among indigenous people continued in the border regions of the Spanish Empire. My interest is to demonstrate that the persistence of this practice did not result in a legal contradiction, but rather was a means of sanctioning rebellious indigenous groups, using arguments of Francisco de Vitoria and other School of Salamanca scholars, especially in places where control of sovereignty was in question. Methodologically, I will use original texts from various sources, such as the minutes of the Cabildo of the Audiencia of Guadalajara, as well as reports on the Chichimeca War by various clerics and jurists who witnessed the conflict, such as Guillermo de Santa María, Jean Focher, and Fulgencia Vique. Temporally, I will focus on the discussion of war and slavery against the nomadic peoples of northern New Spain, known as the Chichimecas. The result was that, for many New Spanish clerics, slavery would serve to punish the supposed crimes of these peoples against peace, and also to change their archaic customs and teach them sedentary and civil life. Finally, I argue that the establishment of indigenous slavery in the northern frontier of New Spain demonstrates the limitations of the Spanish Empire in maintaining its most remote borders, especially when faced with peoples who did not have a civil political life with definable centers and hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Early Modern Imperial Philologies: Ahmad al-Hajarî and the Lead Books of Granada.
- Author
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Zhiri, Oumelbanine
- Subjects
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PHILOLOGY , *DIPLOMATS ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
The Morisco polymath Ahmad ibn Qâsim al-Hajarî (c.1569–c.1640) was a diplomat, writer and translator. His engagement with philology, i.e., the edition, annotation and translation of texts, especially the Lead Books of Granada, is an important part of his work. This article examines his philological practices and how he deployed them in order to defend Islam and Islamic powers, and to counter the hegemonic claims of the Spanish Catholic Empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Morisco Catechisms: Religious Incorporation and Differentiation in Early Modern Spain.
- Author
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Gilbert, Claire
- Subjects
- *
CATECHISMS , *CONVERSION to Christianity , *ROMANCE languages , *SIXTEENTH century ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
In the debate over the theory and practice of the Spanish empire at the beginning of the sixteenth century, political, religious, and legal discourses differentiated conquered peoples and recent converts to Christianity from so-called "old Christians", thereby creating distinct categories of Spanish subjects. In Spain itself, cultural markers like language, dress, and diet became the foundations of fiscal and legal differences, while normative codes were promulgated and negotiated across a range of documents, e.g., legal instruments, civic and ecclesiastical records, university debates, and juridical theory. Concomitant with this process, a set of Christian catechisms was produced in Spain, both before and after the promulgation of Tridentine reforms, that were directed especially at the converted morisco populations in Granada and Valencia. These catechisms were produced in Iberian Arabic and Romance languages and included instructions about how new converts from Islam should behave, as well as what they should believe in order to participate in liturgical activities and to be recognized as full members of the Christian community. This article examines the morisco catechisms produced in Spain between 1496 and 1566, as these documents are representative of a unique period in both the history of Latin Christianity and the burgeoning Spanish empire. Through the emergence of this corpus and against the backdrop of targeted legislation and new policies aimed at Arabic-speaking moriscos, first in Granada and later in Valencia, the ideological foundations constraining the morisco experience were forged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Las Leyes de Indias: del urbanismo colonial al turismo monumental en Iberoamérica.
- Author
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Menchero Sánchez, Miriam
- Subjects
URBAN growth ,SPANISH colonies ,URBAN planning ,CITIES & towns ,COLONIES ,PROTECTION of cultural property ,URBANIZATION - Abstract
Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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11. A Commercial Bridge Across the Revolutionary Era.
- Author
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Horn, Jeff
- Subjects
- *
CITIZENS , *HISTORY of capitalism ,FRANCE-United States relations ,FRENCH colonies ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
Manuel Covo's book, "Entrepôt of Revolutions," explores the connections between the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions and the history of colonial capitalism. Covo focuses on the concept of commercial republicanism, which aimed to use trade to expand citizens' rights and create more equal relationships with foreign nations. The book examines the commercial relationships between Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) and France and the United States, highlighting the extensive trade between the U.S. and Saint-Domingue during this period. Covo's research is based on transnational sources, including consular correspondence, notarial records, and merchant diaries, and reveals the complex trade networks and practices of the time. While the book provides valuable insights into commercial exchange, it is less effective in addressing broader issues of political economy and the significance of the revolutions. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. the art of dining.
- Author
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Barlow, Wilson
- Subjects
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SPANISH architecture , *INTERIOR decoration , *ABSTRACT painting , *COFFEEHOUSES , *PUBLIC spaces , *URBAN parks , *SHARED workspaces ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
This article explores the design of various restaurants around the world. It highlights Carlo's in Manila, Philippines, which features an abstract painting that complements the saffron-colored upholstery. Another example is CAAA in Lucerne, Switzerland, where an AI-generated image is brought to life through a ceiling made of 3D printed modules. The article also discusses Gloria Café in Kyiv, Ukraine, which combines elements of coworking spaces and public parks, and Milpa in Calgary, Canada, which incorporates Spanish colonial architecture with vivid colors and rounded archways. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
13. Una mirada del arte drag queen en Costa Rica desde la transculturación y el barroco americano.
- Author
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Morales Rodríguez, Diego A.
- Subjects
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DRAG queens , *ARTISTIC style , *IDENTITY (Psychology) , *WORK in process ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
This paper is part of the work in process' doctoral thesis on drag queen art in Costa Rica, as a dissident and resistance artistic representation. It is a case study analysis based on transculturation, as a historical sociocultural interpretation method and the American Baroque, also a method for interpretation and an artistic style consolidated during Latin America national identity formation processes in the Spanish colony from 16th to 18th centuries, that for some authors continued in its neo-baroque version from 19th to 20th centuries, influencing the 21st century Costa Rica's drag queen artistic representations postmodern aesthetic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. El orden de los libros. Organización del conocimiento en las bibliotecas de las misiones jesuíticas de guaraníes.
- Author
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Vega, Fabián R.
- Subjects
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LIBRARIES , *JESUIT missions , *GUARANI (South American people) , *THEORY of knowledge , *INTELLECTUAL history , *CULTURAL history , *INVENTORIES , *MISSIONARIES , *SCHOLARS , *INFORMATION organization ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
The order of books and libraries allows scholars to explore complex aspects of cultural and intellectual history, such as the organization of knowledge, the understanding of reality, and the different ways of classifying information. Taking into account these possibilities, this work analyzes the order of books in the libraries of the Jesuit-Guaraní missions (17th-18th centuries, Paraguay). The sources consulted are the inventories of goods belonging to the missions, produced as a consequence of the Jesuits' expulsion from the Spanish Empire (1767-1768). The hypothesis is that the missionaries organized the libraries by topics according to a hierarchical criterion. The knowledge considered most significant from an epistemological point of view was located at the beginning of the inventories, but likely also in terms of space and accessibility. The remaining contents were situated subsequently in a progressive arrangement. At the same time, this work suggests that the organization was inspired by the Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Iesu, i. e., a corporate bibliographical proposal developed within the Society of Jesus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. De capitanes pobres y malones. La trayectoria de la conflictividad interétnica en Península Valdés (1779-1810, provincia de Chubut, República Argentina).
- Author
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Buscaglia, Silvana
- Subjects
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ETHNIC relations , *CULTURAL relations , *COMPARATIVE method , *CRITICAL analysis ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to address the predominantly conflictive nature of interethnic relations in the context of the Spanish colonial settlements established in the Valdés Peninsula (Chubut province, República Argentina): San José Fort and Puesto de la Fuente (1779-1810). We specifically present, describe and examine the episodes of inter-ethnic tensions and violence in these settlements over time. To achieve this, we will focus on the analysis and critical discussion of the information provided by the primary sources throughout the 31 years of occupation. Understanding the uniqueness of intercultural relations in these scenarios necessarily involved approaching them from a comparative perspective, by considering their broader historical and regional trajectory in Patagonia in the time period investigated. Consequently, we were able to identify the prominent role of indigenous groups from Southern Patagonia and recognize multiple factors contributing to the genesis of the indigenous raids experienced by these colonial settings. These results unveil the complex network of intercultural connections and colonial relations during the late colonial period in Patagonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
16. La producción del paisaje "periurbano" de Quito en el siglo XVI (1534-1575).
- Author
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Espinosa Fernández de Córdova, Carlos and Salgado Gómez, Mireya
- Subjects
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COLONIAL administration , *PUBLIC spaces , *EVANGELISTIC work , *CITIES & towns , *CITY councils , *URBANIZATION , *COLONIZATION , *INDIGENOUS rights , *ONTOLOGY ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
Objective/Context: The initial decades following the Spanish foundation of Quito were pivotal for shaping its peri-urban spaces. Between 1534 and 1575, three colonization strategies were crucial for producing the space surrounding the colonial city of Quito: Hispanic municipal governance, asymmetrical alliances with indigenous authorities and evangelization. This article explores the intervention in the landscape of Añaquito, on the outskirts of the town of Quito, where distinct agricultural zones were demarcated alongside Christian landmarks and circumscriptions, and places of memory were recognized in association with the acknowledgment of indigenous jurisdictions. The production of this landscape is approached through colonial urban ideals, memory production, linked to colonial governance, and subsequent Christianization of the space. Methodology: The analysis is based on municipal council records, letters from the king or the Council of the Indies to the municipality, and documents regarding land disputes and jurisdictions held in the General Archive of the Indies in Seville. The analysis of these documents focuses on what they tell us about space. Originality: While the urban layout of Quito has been extensively examined, no studies emphasize the significance of peri-urban space. This study's relevance lies in calling attention to the peri-urban space and demonstrating how Spanish colonization was projected physically and ideologically onto the landscape adjacent to the city, the peri-urban space, during its early stages. The multidimensional colonization of the Añaquito landscape shaped it physically and rede!ned its meaning. These contributions will undoubtedly shed light on the formation of peri-urban space in other colonial cities. Conclusions: The landscape produced in the plains neighboring the city of Quito, the peri-urban space, was shaped and provided with meanings due to various colonial strategies of domination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. A Gold Ounce for Every Throat Cut: The Development of Hispano-Portuguese Peace in the Contested Banda Oriental, 1750-1801.
- Author
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KLEISER, R. GRANT
- Subjects
PORTUGUESE colonies ,POLITICAL development ,POLITICAL geography ,SPANISH colonies ,COLONIZATION - Abstract
Peace in the Banda Oriental, at the borders between the Spanish and Portuguese empires in the Río de la Plata region, marks one of the major developments in the political geography of Latin America from 1777-1801, yet the subject has not been studied rigorously. This article explores how this peace came about after failing several times previously. Both Spanish and Portuguese colonial agents and policy-makers affected such peace by overcoming resistance to imperialism. A Luso-Hispanic policy of removal resulted in the Jesuits' loss of power in South America. Several successful mapping expeditions reduced Iberian dependence on native guides, limiting indigenous control over European colonization. Near extermination of cattle in the region and increased Spanish and Portuguese patrols over grazing lands curbed much of the illicit cattle hunting in the Río de la Plata. And the Spanish conquest of Colonia del Sacramento, a key contraband base, decreased smugglers' activity in the region. As the power of these non-governmental actors diminished, Iberian empires augmented their claims to sovereignty in the region and could finally affect the peace that Lisbon and Madrid so desired. This moment demonstrates a brief apogee in Iberian colonial control in the late eighteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. "El poema Escotida o vida del Doctor Sutil Escoto" (1744), de fray Gregorio Farías, un antecedente americano del dogma de la Inmaculada Concepción.
- Author
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ÁLVAREZ, RODRIGO
- Subjects
SPANISH colonies ,COLONIES ,DOGMA ,FAITH ,BULLS ,MAPUCHE (South American people) - Abstract
Copyright of Teología y Vida is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Teologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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19. El largo camino a la libertad: el creciente descontento de piuranos y norteños en el siglo XVIII.
- Author
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Aldana Rivera, Susana
- Subjects
SPANISH colonies ,DISCONTENT ,HEIRS - Abstract
Copyright of Historia Regional is the property of Historia Regional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
20. El imperio en casa: Género, raza y nación en la España Contemporánea.
- Author
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Bengochea Tirado, Enrique
- Subjects
WOMEN'S history ,SPANISH colonies ,CULTURAL history ,RACE ,BOOK titles ,MASCULINITY - Abstract
Copyright of Arenal.Revista de Historia de las Mujeres is the property of Arenal. Revista de Historia de las Mujeres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
21. Presentación del dossier: Oaxaca en movimiento: trayectorias de ideas, mercancías y gentes, siglos XVI al XVIII.
- Author
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Traffano, Daniela, Martín, Marta, and Escalona, Huemac
- Subjects
SPANISH colonies ,HISTORY of colonies ,DIOCESES ,JURISDICTION - Abstract
Copyright of Americanía. Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos is the property of Revista Americania - Universidad Pablo de Olavide and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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22. Control y castigo entre crisis, revolución y guerra. Una aproximación a las autoridades de policía en la ciudad de Buenos Aires y de México a inicios del siglo XIX.
- Author
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Vaccaroni, Maria Agustina
- Subjects
SPANISH colonies ,POLICE administration ,REVOLUTIONS ,SOCIAL order ,PUNISHMENT ,HISTORIOGRAPHY - Abstract
Copyright of Americanía. Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos is the property of Revista Americania - Universidad Pablo de Olavide and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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23. Cocaine was used in Europe earlier than we thought.
- Author
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Berdugo, Sophie
- Subjects
- *
SIXTEENTH century , *NINETEENTH century , *COCAINE , *NATIVE plants ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
The mummified brain tissue of two individuals found in a 17th-century crypt in Milan, Italy, contains traces of cocaine, indicating that the drug was being used in Europe 200 years earlier than previously believed. Spanish explorers had learned about the psychoactive properties of coca leaves, but it was thought that the plant did not transport well. However, researchers have now discovered that the plant could survive the journey from South America, suggesting that the people of Milan had access to it and knew of its properties. This finding challenges previous assumptions about the history of cocaine use in Europe. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Housing the King's Enslaved Workers in the Spanish Caribbean.
- Author
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Luengo, Pedro
- Subjects
MILITARY engineers ,SPANISH colonies ,BUILT environment ,MILITARY engineering ,EIGHTEENTH century ,FORCED labor - Abstract
The construction of military edifices in Spanish Caribbean was overseen by engineers, as previous studies have largely shown, but forced labor played a key role in the processes, an understudied aspect. Hundreds of enslaved workers in San Juan de Puerto Rico or San Juan de Ulúa (Veracruz, Mexico) and thousands in Havana (Cuba) helped create the built environment of the Spanish empire in the eighteenth century yet both their significant physical presences and housing situations have not been discussed at large. Furthermore, general maintenance of these structures was one of the duties of military engineers serving in Spanish Caribbean and, thus, archival material should be rich in describing this aspect, yet very few plans or reports offer any information concerning enslaved workers' habitations, apart from Havana's galeras and some sections of San Juan de Ulúa, both unpublished until now. Recognizing that Spanish authorities paid little attention to the lodgings of their enslaved workers, this paper considers the forms of structures created by enslaved peoples for their lodgings. Through examples discussed in Havana and for San Juan de Ulúa, this study demonstrates that European architectural traditions were eschewed in favor of native and, likely, African customs. These examples offer unique insights into enslaved peoples' living environments and expand our discussions into how race contributed to the diversity of architectural practices in the early modern Iberian world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Metagenomic Sequencing of Lloviu Virus from Dead Schreiber's Bats in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Author
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Goletic, Sejla, Goletic, Teufik, Omeragic, Jasmin, Supic, Jovana, Kapo, Naida, Nicevic, Melisa, Skapur, Vedad, Rukavina, Dunja, Maksimovic, Zinka, Softic, Adis, and Alic, Amer
- Subjects
SHOTGUN sequencing ,METAGENOMICS ,VIRAL tropism ,BATS ,SPANISH colonies ,NATURAL numbers ,RABIES virus ,EBOLA virus ,RNA viruses - Abstract
Bats are a natural host for a number of viruses, many of which are zoonotic and thus present a threat to human health. RNA viruses of the family Filoviridae, many of which cause disease in humans, have been associated with specific bat hosts. Lloviu virus is a Filovirus which has been connected to mass mortality events in Miniopterus schreibersii colonies in Spain and Hungary, and some studies have indicated its immense zoonotic potential. A die-off has been recorded among Miniopterus schreibersii in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina for the first time, prompting the investigation to determine the causative agent. Bat carcasses were collected and subjected to pathological examination, after which the lung samples with notable histopathological changes, lung samples with no changes and guano were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing and RT-PCR. A partial Lloviu virus genome was sequenced from lung samples with histopathological changes and found to be closely related to Hungarian and Italian virus sequences. Further accumulation of mutations on the GP gene, coding the glycoprotein responsible for cell tropism and host preference, enhances the need for further characterization and monitoring of this virus to prevent spillover events and protect human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. As folhas-volantes na América Latina: uma análise do fenômeno comunicacional que antecedeu o jornalismo periódico.
- Author
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Comerlato, Eduardo and Hohlfeldt, Antonio
- Subjects
PAMPHLETS ,SPANISH colonies ,FIFTEENTH century ,JOURNALISM ,SIXTEENTH century - Abstract
Copyright of Methaodos: Social Science Journal / Methaodos: Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicacion y Sociologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Beads and Ceremony: The Collision of Pan-American, European, African, and Asian Bead Networks in the Sixteenth-Century Spanish Empire.
- Author
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Beck, Lauren
- Subjects
- *
BEADS , *RITES & ceremonies , *EUROPEAN communities , *PRECIOUS metals , *RELIGIOUS articles , *NATIVE Americans ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
A powerful bead network that wove together a transcontinental tapestry of cultures predated the Spanish invasion of the Americas. Beads created in the northeastern Atlantic world found themselves in Aztec and Incan territories, as did beads made from rocks found in the Pacific Northwest, all of which had been borne along trade networks that have existed for ages. Sixteenth-century illustrations found in the Mexican codices demonstrate the traditional manufacture of beads, which were used for a range of quotidian and ceremonial purposes. Since medieval times, Spaniards employed beads, called rescate, as currency for inequitable trade, whether for slaves or precious metals. The Spanish invasion introduced beads manufactured in other parts of the world to the Americas to form part of the ceremonial and spiritually endowed objects and ceremonies, and vice versa, American beads made their way into Spanish clothing and religious objects such as the rosary. A significant infusion of new beads from Spain rushed into the American bead network in the sixteenth century, some of which had international origins from places such as Venice, India, and West Africa. As material objects, beads negotiated intercultural relationships in powerful ways throughout the Spanish empire: beads were involved in treaties, territorial agreements, prayer, spiritual relations, wayfinding, and most importantly, ceremony. This article maps out the collision of bead networks within the sixteenth-century Spanish empire so as to flesh out the similar and innovative uses of beads, whether among Native American, Afro-descendant, or European communities, and their connection to spiritual and ceremonial practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. "If He Is Converted": A New Spanish Featherwork Ecce Homo in Southeastern Africa.
- Author
-
Holohan, Kate E.
- Subjects
- *
SIXTEENTH century , *WAGE increases , *FEATHERS , *EMPERORS ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
In recent years, scholars have paid increasing attention to the material, spiritual, and collecting histories of both pre-invasion and colonial New Spanish (Mexican) featherworks. Rapidly and globally disseminated through religious and family networks, these objects traveled from Mexico to Spain, and other locations, before the end of the sixteenth century. This article explores the little-known history of a devotional featherwork Ecce Homo sent from Portugal to southeastern Africa in 1569. Originally a gift to Sebastian I of Portugal sent from the Spanish-colonized Americas, the Ecce Homo later entered the collection of Catherine of Austria, Sebastian's grandmother. Catherine presented it to the Jesuits accompanying the Portuguese evangelizing and gold-seeking mission to Mutapa, a vast kingdom that encompassed parts of present-day Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Its intended recipient was the Mutapa emperor. However, this was not a gift meant to grease the wheels of diplomacy, nor was it designated as a tool for conversion: it was, instead, meant for the Mutapa emperor "se se convertese"—if he is converted. That is, it was conceived as a gift from one Catholic monarch to another, for use in personal devotion. The perceived spiritual efficacy of these feather images —themselves recently assimilated to Catholic Iberia from polytheistic Mesomerica—thus extended well beyond the transatlantic Iberian realms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Colonial Carpenters: Construction, Race, and Agency in the Viceroyalty of Peru during the 16th and 17th Centuries.
- Author
-
Mamani Fuentes, Francisco
- Subjects
SIXTEENTH century ,SEVENTEENTH century ,CARPENTERS ,SPANISH colonies ,COLONIAL administration ,FORCED labor - Abstract
This article examines colonial documents to shed light on the presence of non-white carpenters in the carpentry trade during the first two centuries of Spanish colonial rule in Peru. It first offers a general definition of carpentry work during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and then explores the specific environments in which Indigenous, black, and mixed-race carpenters carried out their activities. Through this analysis, it becomes evident that the agency of non-white individuals and groups in the carpentry trade was shaped by the diverse labor systems that predominated in colonial society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. THE GALICEÑO.
- Author
-
PAVIA, AUDREY
- Subjects
SHOW horses ,HORSE breeders ,SPANISH colonies ,TRAIL riding ,HORSE shows - Abstract
The Galiceño is a rare breed of horse with Spanish descent that was brought to the New World by Christopher Columbus and Hernán Cortés. These horses were used for breeding programs to produce horses for colonization in the Americas. Over time, the pure Galiceño breed disappeared, but some still exist in coastal regions of Mexico. In the 1950s, some Galiceños were brought to the US and used to create other horse breeds. Galiceños are part of the family of Colonial Spanish Horses and have distinct physical characteristics such as short backs, narrow but deep chests, and a classic Spanish head. Today, there are only about 100 purebred Galiceños in the US, making them critically endangered. The Galiceño Horse Breeders Association is working to increase their numbers and raise awareness about the breed. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
31. Ambrogio Spinola between Genoa, Flanders, and Spain,.
- Author
-
Condren, John
- Subjects
- *
PATRONAGE , *NAVAL officers , *BUSINESSPEOPLE , *BROTHERS ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
This article discusses a book titled "Ambrogio Spinola between Genoa, Flanders, and Spain" edited by Silvia Mostaccio, Bernardo J. García García, and Luca Lo Basso. The book explores the life and career of Ambrogio Spinola, a military figure of the early modern period. It examines Spinola's military genius, political astuteness, and his role as a financial kingpin. The book also delves into Spinola's family network, his relationships with influential figures, and how his accomplishments were portrayed in the media and by artists. Overall, the book provides a comprehensive and enlightening look at Spinola's varied and honorable career. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. La escuadra de Asia: guerra, comercio e información en el ocaso de la primera edad global (1795-1803).
- Author
-
Rodríguez Jiménez, José María
- Subjects
SPANISH colonies ,TRADE missions ,EIGHTEENTH century ,GLOBALIZATION ,MICROHISTORY - Abstract
Copyright of Vínculos de Historia is the property of Vinculos de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
33. REIMAGINING THE NAJA.
- Author
-
Baxter, Paula A.
- Subjects
PLAINS peoples (North American peoples) ,NATIVE American art ,HORSE breeds ,SPANISH colonies ,NATIVE Americans ,NATIVE American history - Abstract
This article from Native American Art Magazine explores the origins and evolution of the naja, a crescent-shaped pendant commonly found in Native Southwest jewelry. The author discusses various theories about the naja's origins, including influences from Spanish colonial silver horse stalls and Plains Indian ornamentation. The article also examines the changes in naja designs over time, from traditional craftsmanship to more stylized and contemporary forms. The author highlights specific examples of najas from different time periods to illustrate these changes. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive overview of the naja's history and its significance in Native American jewelry. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
34. ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENA IN THE CULTURAL PRACTICES OF THE KUMBA-QUIMBAYA INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY OF COLOMBIA.
- Author
-
Sánchez-Giraldo, Daniela and Quintero-Salazar, Edwin A.
- Subjects
- *
INDIGENOUS peoples of South America , *LUNAR phases , *LUNAR calendar , *INDIGENOUS peoples ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
The Quimbaya were a South American native people who inhabited the central region of Colombia, extinct due to the Spanish colonization. However, it was recently discovered that the Kumba-Quimbaya indigenous community, currently living in the village of La Iberia in the municipality of Riosucio, Caldas, is descendant of the ancient Quimbaya culture. This paper describes the implicit astronomical phenomena found in the cultural practices of the ancestral Kumba-Quimbaya people and characterizes the relationship between these practices and the daily activities of this community. This qualitative study relies on three ethnographic techniques to gather information: participant observation, field diaries, and interviews, which were conducted during visits to the community’s rural settlement. The information was systematized in a textual corpus and processed through content analysis. We identified 10 astronomical phenomena embedded within the cultural practices of this community. The phases of the Moon are used to schedule ceremonies and festivities, agricultural activities and within their traditional cuisine. We also identified the ritual use of geography through the observation of the location of the Sun and the Moon with respect to sacred mountains. Likewise, we evidenced the influence of a lunar calendar of their own in current social activities. This work allowed us to describe the relationship between astronomical phenomena and the daily activities of the community, such as rituals to improve their harvests, perform plantings, or anticipate climatic or seasonal changes. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the customs and traditions of the Quimbaya people, as well as broaden our understanding of the use of astronomy by pre-Columbian peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Muchos cadáveres, pocas soluciones. Muertes masivas y cementerios en Caracas: 1764-1856.
- Author
-
Altez, Rogelio
- Subjects
CEMETERIES ,SPANISH colonies ,DATA libraries ,MASS burials ,WESTERN countries ,DEAD ,SECULARIZATION - Abstract
Copyright of Historia Regional is the property of Historia Regional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
36. The Evangelical Church as an Extirpator of Idolatry in the Water Festival in the Andes of Peru.
- Author
-
Gutiérrez-Gómez, Edgar, Huanca-Arohuanca, Jesús Wiliam, Moscoso-Paucarchuco, Ketty Marilú, Paz y Miño-Conde, Manuel Abraham, and Luján-Pérez, Diana
- Subjects
- *
EVANGELICAL churches , *IDOLATRY , *FESTIVALS , *RITES & ceremonies , *RELIGIOUS tolerance , *TOLERATION ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
The research focuses on the Water Festival (Yarqa Aspiy), an ancient event in the Peruvian Andes, and which, as an Inca activity, survived the extirpation of idolatries by the Spanish colonization. The objective is to determine the importance of ancestral rituals in the communal work of this festival that, by merging with those of the Catholic religion, survives to this day. The participant-observation methodology in the Ccarhuaccoco community allowed us to investigate the details of this ancestral communal activity with its Andean rituals. It is concluded that this activity of Inca origin is in the process of extinction due to the growth of the Evangelical Church, which eradicates idolatry in its community practice. Additionally, thanks to religious tolerance, freedom of belief, and the necessary coexistence of water with the community, the festivity is maintained, although with variations in its ritual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. "Made by the Son of a Black": José Campeche as Artist and Free Person of Color in Late Eighteenth-Century Puerto Rico.
- Author
-
Thames, Emily K.
- Subjects
PEOPLE of color ,RACE ,COLONIES ,SPANISH colonies ,AFRICAN art ,ARTISTS - Abstract
In response to the absence of a critical discussion of race within his historiography, this essay focuses on José Campeche (1751–1809) as an artist of African descent and argues that the socially and culturally inscribed constructs of race and Campeche's lived experiences of them in late eighteenth-century Puerto Rico shaped and informed his participation in the arts. Campeche lived both as an artist and as a free man of color within a racialized colonial society, and as such, inquiries regarding how race affected Campeche's life and artistic practice, and particularly how his immersion in the community of free people of color in San Juan possibly impacted the manner in which he was trained and worked, allow for a more comprehensive understanding of his art production. Using comparable examples of African descendant artists and artisans active in other colonial centers, such as Mexico City and Havana, this article elucidates connections between Campeche's socioracial reality, his artistic career, and his work through an examination of the relationship between race and art making in Puerto Rico, the broader Caribbean region, and the greater Spanish Empire during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. This analysis of Campeche's career and work prompts new questions about the artist that have not been asked in previous scholarship, such as how the structures of race would have defined his position and interactions within colonial society and also how his complex multiracial identity may have allowed him access to the different kinds of artistic exposure, training, and opportunities he likely had in San Juan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Age, Origin and Functional Study of the Prevalent LDLR Mutation Causing Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in Gran Canaria.
- Author
-
Suárez, Nicolás M., Jebari-Benslaiman, Shifa, Jiménez-Monzón, Roberto, Benito-Vicente, Asier, Brito-Casillas, Yeray, Garcés, Laida, González-Lleo, Ana M., Tugores, Antonio, Boronat, Mauro, Martin, César, Wägner, Ana M., and Sánchez-Hernández, Rosa M.
- Subjects
- *
LOW density lipoprotein receptors , *GENETIC mutation , *ENDOPLASMIC reticulum , *HAPLOTYPES ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
The p.(Tyr400_Phe402del) mutation in the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene is the most frequent cause of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) in Gran Canaria. The aim of this study was to determine the age and origin of this prevalent founder mutation and to explore its functional consequences. For this purpose, we obtained the haplotypic information of 14 microsatellite loci surrounding the mutation in one homozygous individual and 11 unrelated heterozygous family trios. Eight different mutation carrier haplotypes were identified, which were estimated to originate from a common ancestral haplotype 387 (110–1572) years ago. This estimation suggests that this mutation happened after the Spanish colonisation of the Canary Islands, which took place during the fifteenth century. Comprehensive functional studies of this mutation showed that the expressed LDL receptor was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, preventing its migration to the cell surface, thus allowing us to classify this LDLR mutation as a class 2a, defective, pathogenic variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Tracing Colonial Spanish Florida through Bioarchaeology.
- Subjects
- *
TRIBES , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL human remains , *INDIGENOUS peoples , *MOUNDS (Archaeology) , *NATIVE Americans , *NATIVE American history , *SEMINOLE (North American people) ,SPANISH colonies - Published
- 2023
40. Methodologies for the Characterization and Identification of Natural Atacamite as a Pigment in Andean Colonial Painting.
- Author
-
De Haro, Andrea, Córdova, Milagros, Rua Landa, Carlos, Huck-Iriart, Cristián, Siracusano, Gabriela, Maier, Marta S., and Tomasini, Eugenia
- Subjects
- *
REFLECTANCE spectroscopy , *MICROSCOPY , *COPPER chlorides , *X-ray spectroscopy ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
Painting materials used in Spanish American Colonial art comprised pigments and binders from European origin as well as those that were already known in pre-Hispanic times. In recent years, we have identified for the first time the mineral atacamite, a basic copper chloride (Cu2Cl(OH)3), in Andean Colonial art pieces (Viceroyalty of Peru, 16th–18th centuries). This work proposes a methodology based on a multitechnical approach to identify and establish the origin (natural or synthetic) of the atacamite pigment in Andean cultural heritage objects. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) were applied to analyse green pigments from the altarpiece of the Church of Ancoraimes, atacamite mineral samples from Chile, and atacamite obtained as a secondary product from traditional recipes used to produce verdigris, a copper acetate. Viride salsum by Teófilo Presbítero (SXII) and the Spanish translation by Andrés de Laguna (1566) of "De Materia Médica" from Dioscorides are both texts that include recipes involving the use of metallic copper as a starting material. These studies will contribute to the history of Spanish American Colonial art and to the knowledge on technological capacities and skills in the Andean region during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. ESPAÑOLES Y ALEMANES EN LOS FESTEJOS DEL CENTENARIO DE LA INDEPENDENCIA DE MÉXICO, EN PUEBLA 1910.
- Author
-
Santibáñez Tijerina, Blanca Esthela and Méndez Velázquez, Jhovanny Ángel
- Subjects
- *
POWER (Social sciences) , *PUBLIC sculpture , *SOCIAL influence , *PARADES ,GERMAN colonies ,SPANISH colonies ,INAUGURATION of United States presidents - Abstract
The First Centenary of México Independence was raised in a lavish way mainly in Mexico City, the event was of such magnitude that to celebrate it was organized in advance the various celebrations that would take place, the inauguration of sculptures and public buildings was proposed, dances, popular festivals, civic-military parades were organized and foreign nations with which the country had diplomatic relations were invited. In this article we want to emphasize that, although in the city of Puebla the events did not have the same magnitude, despite these different commemorative acts were carried out that made the Angelopolis overflow. And one of the conclusions we have reached is that for this to happen it was essential the collaboration of the Puebla society and to a large extent of the foreigners, who participated actively, mainly the members of the Spanish and German Colony who shone by organizing different events that allowed them to demonstrate their economic power and their social influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Global Transformations as Promoters of New Creations: Birth of Latin American Identity in Missionary Pedagogy.
- Author
-
ZHIZHKO, OLENA and BELTRÁN, GALI-ALEKSANDRA
- Subjects
- *
AMERICAN identity , *MISSIONARIES , *SEVENTEENTH century , *WORLD culture , *LOCAL culture , *SIXTEENTH century ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
This article presents the results of a historical-pedagogical investigation, which objective was to establish the main features of hybrid pedagogy and missionary-educational system developed in the Spanish colonies in the Americas in the 16th and 17th centuries, as well as to ascertain how they contributed to cultural hybridization and the construction of Latin American identity in tremulous conditions of meeting of two very different, even opposite ones, worlds and cultures. The authors found that despite the very complicated situation in which the first evangelizing missionaries found themselves, taking into account, among other things, their total ignorance of the local languages and cultures, they were able to devise innovative didactics using improvised means and all their ingenuity to be able to fulfill their duty: “to save the souls of sinners” by converting them to the Christian faith. Thus, they created the missionary-educational system, in which the aspects of preHispanic education with the elements of the European conventual schools joined in itself. This educational model contributed to cultural hybridization and the construction of Latin American identity from the first years of the conquest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. “Soft Gold” Before the Gold Rush: Sea Otter Pelts in the “Competitive Expansion” of Merchant Capitalism and the Creation of a Pacific Ocean Economy.
- Author
-
Giráldez, Arturo and Richard, Analiese
- Subjects
- *
SEA otter , *GOLD mining , *BLUE economy , *MILITARY missions , *FUR trade , *COLONIZATION , *HIDES & skins ,SPANISH colonies - Abstract
Objective/Context: In this article, we examine how Chinese demand for pelts—of sea otters and other marine mammals—fueled the eighteenth-century competitive expansion of European and later American merchants and explorers in the Pacific islands and along the Pacific coast of North America. Sea otter pelts were a commodity directly linked to the creation of a Pacific Ocean economy, and California’s colonization resulted from imperial dynamics to which this trade gave rise. Methodology: Using both primary and secondary sources, we examine how these merchants’ quest to supply the lucrative Chinese luxury market with furs—“soft gold”—brought them into contact with indigenous peoples whose livelihoods and commercial networks would also be recruited into this global market but on quite unequal terms and with devastating consequences. Originality: The growth of this Pacific trade throughout the eighteenth century fueled geopolitical rivalries that led to the colonization of California with a system of missions and military garrisons (presidios) and, eventually, to a new ecology as a result of plants and animals brought from New Spain before the Gold Rush and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Many, including Marx and Engels, have claimed that the Gold Rush contributed significantly to the dynamics of industrial capitalism; nevertheless, we argue that its conditions of possibility were laid out centuries earlier via the complex geopolitical and ecological connections through which this Pacific economy was articulated. Conclusions: During the eighteenth century, the Pacific’s products were extracted and commodified in circuits whose demand center was China. It is precisely the prior existence of these global markets—centered on silver and “soft gold,” or sea otter furs—that explains the presence of Europeans and Americans in California eager to prospect for the yellow metal in 1848. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. El humor y su sentido (España, siglos XVIII-XXI).
- Author
-
Lillo-Gutiérrez, Berta
- Subjects
SPANISH colonies ,SOCIAL criticism ,HISTORICAL analysis ,CHILDREN'S books ,WIT & humor ,LAUGHTER - Abstract
Copyright of Pasado y Memoria. Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Pasado y Memoria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. La búsqueda de una independencia consensuada. La política del Primer Imperio Mexicano y del Gobierno Provisional hacia España durante el Trienio Liberal.
- Author
-
Sánchez Andrés, Agustín and Antonio Landavazo, Marco
- Subjects
SPANISH colonies ,METROPOLIS ,TWENTIETH century ,INTERIM governments ,COMMISSIONERS - Abstract
Copyright of Pasado y Memoria. Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Pasado y Memoria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. EL IMPACTO COLONIAL EN LAS ISLAS MARIANAS (S. XVII-XVIII) A TRAVÉS DE LA ARQUEOLOGÍA VIRTUAL: CAMBIO E IDENTIDAD.
- Author
-
Berrocal-Maya, Luis
- Subjects
SPANISH colonies ,LAND settlement patterns ,NUCLEAR families ,SOCIAL dynamics ,GROUP identity ,MODERNITY - Abstract
Copyright of Virtual Archaeology Review is the property of Virtual Archaeology Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Esclavizar para asentar, educar y evangelizar: la justificación teológica y jurídica de la esclavitud chichimeca en la frontera norte de américa española en el siglo XVI.
- Author
-
Méndez-Alonzo, Manuel
- Subjects
NATURAL law ,INTERNATIONAL law ,SPANISH colonies ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,EVANGELICALISM - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Volunteers of the empire. War, identity, and Spanish Imperialism, 1855-1898.
- Author
-
Zúñiga Crespo, Javier
- Subjects
SPANISH colonies ,HISTORY of colonies ,SECONDARY research ,NINETEENTH century ,VOLUNTEERS - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar (RUHM) is the property of Centro de Estudios de la Guerra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
49. Les messages secrets d'Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle à Simon Renard: la question du mariage de Marie Tudor.
- Author
-
Pich-Ponce, Eva
- Subjects
CIPHERS ,SPANISH colonies ,FRENCH language ,LANGUAGE & languages ,SIXTEENTH century ,QUEENS - Abstract
Copyright of Thélème is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. EL DECLIVE DE UN IMPERIO QUE RENACE. NORTE Y SUR DE AMÉRICA EN EL VIAJERO UNIVERSAL DE PEDRO DE ESTALA (1798).
- Author
-
Soriano Muñoz, Nuria
- Subjects
SPANISH colonies ,GENDER role ,REPUTATION ,EUROPEAN integration ,COLONIES - Abstract
Copyright of Intus-Legere Historia is the property of Intus-Legere Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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