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At present, with the enormous development of cloud-based applications, the demand of related enterprises for computing and a large number of storage resources is increasing day by day. Due to the characteristics of ultra-large scale and low cost, cloud computing has been gradually applied to complex workflow scheduling problems in various fields. The traditional scheduling algorithms have lot of limitations such as inefficient task management and unreasonable resource allocation. The workflow scheduling problem in the cloud computing environment has been proved to be an NP-complete problem. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an improved ant colony optimization workflow scheduling for workflow execution of tasks within a user-specified deadline. On this basis, a hybrid cloud deadline-constrained cost workflows scheduling algorithm under the hybrid cloud is proposed, which will prioritize scheduling execution in the private cloud, and use the public cloud to schedule part of the workflow when the task execution time exceeds the task deadline constraint. The simulation results show that the proposed workflow scheduling algorithm reduces the cost and attain faster execution time.

This article presents the investigations on RF-behavioral aspects for the possible operation of a V -band, continuous wave (CW) second harmonic gyrotron for plasma diagnostic application. Keeping in view the design goals and constraints, initial design studies for the mode selection and the computation of starting currents are carried out. From these studies, two possible modes, namely, TE 7,3 and TE 8,3 are considered for the second harmonic operation. Later, the cold cavity design and self-consistent calculations are carried out for the selected operating modes. All the computations are performed using the latest version of our in-house code Gyrotron Design Studio Second Harmonic Version 2020 (GDS2H-2020) with Glidcop as the cavity material. The RF behavior studies confirm the feasible operation of such a second harmonic gyrotron with power levels in excess of 115.52/217.64 kW with the chosen modes of operation.

Study question Does the supplementation of vitamin B12 protect the spermatozoa against damage caused by the freeze-thaw process further improving the overall post-thaw survival and DNA integrity? Summary answer The antioxidant property of vitamin B12 protects the spermatozoa and improves the post thaw motility, vitality, and reduces DNA damage caused by freeze-thaw process. What is known already Cryopreservation of spermatozoa is an effective way of fertility preservation in humans, often used in Assisted Reproductive Technology(ART). Despite the refinement in cryopreservation, the salvage of post-thaw sperms remains poor. The reactive oxygen species(ROS), that is formed as a result of freeze-thaw process is known to decrease the motility, plasma membrane integrity and increase the DNA fragmentation. Most vitamins have antioxidant properties, that protect the mammalian cells from oxidative stress one such vitamin is cyanocobalamin(vitamin B12). Vitamin B12 modulates oxidative stress through methionine synthase activity and also acts as a scavenger of ROS. Thus protecting the DNA against free radicals. Study design, size, duration This prospective observational study was performed for a period of 6 months in 111 men, who attended the fertility clinic. The study population included all semen samples except men with azoospermia, surgically retrieved samples and men on vitamin supplements. The study population contained men ageing between 21-40 years. Participants/materials, setting, methods Semen samples were analysed according to WHO 5th edition and were assessed for DNA fragmentation index (DFI) using sperm chromatin dispersion assay (SCD). The ejaculates were split into two as group A: semen samples with equal amount of cryoprotectant and group B: semen samples with equal amount of cryoprotectant supplemented with Vitamin B12 (2mg/ml). They were frozen for a minimum of 24 hrs. Post-thaw motility, vitality and DFI were assessed and compared. Main results and the role of chance The mean age of patients in our study was 34.26±4.7yrs. 58.5% of the study population had primary infertility. 37.8% of the study population had male factor infertility, 32.4% had oligoasthenoteratozoospermia(OAT), 31.1% had normozoospermia 16.2% had asthenoteratozoospermia, 13.5% had teratozoospermia, 3.6% had oligozoospermia and rest 2.7% had asthenozoospermia. There was an overall increase in post thaw motility (41.59±18.09 vs 32.3±18.8,p=0.0005), progressive motility (21.54±13.02 vs 15.91±11.80,p=0.0005), vitality (57.14±15.09 vs 46.76±16.45,p=0.0005) and a significant decrease in DFI (26.69±10.03 vs 32.09±10.00,p=0.0005) in group B compared to group A. Our study also demonstrated that, Normozoospermia patients had a significant increase in vitality (67.17±13.8 vs 58.51±12.0, p = 0.007) and lower DFI (22.68±9.3 vs 27.6±8.9, p = 0.02) in group B than in group A. OAT patients had a significant increase in total motility (26.25±12.15 vs 15.7±11.4,p=0.0003), progressive motility (11.69±8.8 vs 6.14±5.8,p=0.0028), vitality (46.06±11.34 vs 34.31±12.99,p=0.0001) and significantly lower DFI (30.22±9.87 vs 36.08±9.7,p=0.012) in group B. Teratozoospermia patients showed significant increase in progressive motility in group B (27.87±8.81 vs 19.33±10.69,p=0.02) and Asthenoteratozoospermia patients showed significant increase in total motility (40.72± 13.14 vs 30.89±13.06,p=0.02) and vitality (54.39±12.28 vs 43.78±14.14,p=0.02) in group B. However, in asthenozoospermic patients the parameters were comparable in both the groups. Limitations, reasons for caution Due to ethical reasons the samples were not used for in vitro procedures such as intrauterine insemination(IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI). Hence, no inference was obtained regarding the fertilization rates/ pregnancy rates. Wider implications of the findings Our study demonstrated that with supplementation of vitamin B12 the recovery rate significantly increased and also preserved the DNA content. Among the various categories, supplementation of vitamin B12 to OAT samples was more beneficial as it improved the overall viability of the sperms. Trial registration number CSP/21/JUL/96/389

This paper studies the work completed by different specialists to get an all-encompassing picture of the present status of execution of robotization in rural practices throughout the planet. World Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) said the total populace is relied upon to arrive at 9.1 billion by the year 2050, so take care of this populace food creation ought to be expanded by essentially 70%. Robotization of cultivating rehearses has been demonstrated to expand the food creation levels. Non-industrial nations need to twofold their food creation. The customary strategies for cultivating and consistently diminishing homestead work accessibility are making horticulture monetarily unviable and wasteful. In the above setting research on the advancement of insightful, self-ruling apparatus for conveying agrarian activities is fundamental to work on the amount and nature of the horticultural produce. Today there is a dire need to resolve the issues like unpredictable utilization of agrochemicals, protection of energy, control on ecological contamination and impacts of a worldwide temperature alteration.

In this article, RF behavior studies on a $W$ -band continuous wave (CW) gyrotron for industrial, scientific, and medical applications are presented. Two different designs are carried out for the output power level of 50 and 100 kW. The mode competition with the first and second harmonic neighboring modes is carefully investigated, and TE6,2 and TE10,4 are chosen as the operating modes for these designs. The cold cavity design and self-consistent computations for power and efficiency are done to determine the geometrical and beam parameters of the desired modes using the in-house code, Gyrotron Design Suite Second Harmonic Version 2018 (GDS2H-V. 2018). The desired output power is obtained for two different designs at the chosen cavity modes. Additionally, electron guns along with magnetic guidance systems are designed to generate an electron beam with the required beam parameters for the two designs.

This article presents the realistic initial design studies of a 300-GHz, 1-MW, conventional-cavity gyrotron for its probable application in the next-generation thermonuclear fusion reactors. Keeping the design goals, parameters, and constraints in view, the very high-order TE 49,18 mode is chosen as the operating mode after a careful mode-selection calculation considering realistic ohmic cavity losses. After mode selection and mode competition studies, the cold-cavity design and initial design of a triode-type magnetron injection gun (T-MIG) and a gyrotron magnet are carried out and an electron beam radius of 8.11 mm is obtained with 2.4% velocity spread. Furthermore, investigation on RF behavior of the cavity is performed with the T-MIG beam parameters. By varying the nominal beam parameters, single-mode self-consistent calculations are conducted and achieved the desired output power. Then, multimode time-dependent self-consistent calculations are carried out before and after space-charge neutralization (SCN) with realistic velocity spread (up to 6%) and different beam radii for the assessment of the start-up scenario. Before SCN without velocity spread, the beam voltage is depressed to 70.08 kV and 0.72-MW output power is obtained, whereas with velocity spread (6%), 0.69-MW output power is obtained with 8.11 mm of beam radius. After 60% of SCN in the start-up scenario with velocity spread (6%), the beam voltage increases to 74.83 kV, and thereby, an output power of 0.91 MW is obtained.

ZnO–CdS nanocomposites with three different molar ratios of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 were synthesized by simple hydrothermal technique. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the phase formation of ZnO and CdS in ZnO–CdS nanocomposites. The calculated crystallite size was found in the range of 33–38 nm and 15–21 nm for ZnO and CdS respectively. HRSEM images revealed flake-like morphology for all samples. Energy dispersive X-ray spectra confirmed the presence of all the elements. The estimated optical bandgap was found in the range of 3.71–3.35 eV. IR spectra confirmed the formation of stretching vibration in ZnO and CdS. Dielectric analysis was performed in order to study Ac conductivity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss. Photoconductivity studies revealed that ZnO–CdS nanocomposites material exhibited sound photo-response characteristics.

Blockchain technology could radically transform our business environment in the decades to come. It has the power to redefine our views of business processes and may even impact our overall economy. The works comprehensively document the implementation of blockchain applications in various sectors. Our goal is to determine what state blockchain technology is in and what kinds of applications it has. A large majority of the current blockchain-related research is dedicated to crypto currencies, such as Bitcoin. Only a small percentage of work is dedicated to exploring the wide range of potential blockchain technology applications. Blockchain technology has multiple applications across multiple industries. This study attempts to determine the opportunities and threats presented by Blockchain Technology for current or future applications. The number of published studies that were studied carefully and critically and added to the Block chain’s body of knowledge was large.

IoT systems create a multi-hop organizational structure among mobile devices in required to send on data groups. The remarkable properties of gadgets frameworks cause communications to interconnect among competing handheld devices. Most physiological directing displays don’t believe secure associations all through bundle communication to organize high communicate ability and genetic blocks that also prompts increased delay as well as bundle decreasing in mastermind. Only with continued growth and transformation of IoT networks, attacks on such IoT systems are increasing at an alarming rate. Our purpose will provide researchers with a research resource on latest research patterns in IoT security. As the primary driver of with us research problem concerning IoT security as well as machine learning. This analysis of the literature among the most research literature in IoT security recognized some very key current research which will generate organizational investigations. Only with fast emergence of different IoT threats, it is essential to develop frameworks that could integrate cutting-edge big data analytics and machine learning advanced technologies. Effectiveness are critical quality variables in shaping the best methods and algorithms for detecting IoT threats in real-time or close to real time.

The current study looked at how computers help students of different reading abilities. Studies have been conducted on the effect of computers on educational achievement and attitudinal levels. During this study, we have gone through the impact of Bloom’s taxonomy over the conventional system and then focused on integrating CAI in higher education. This research is branching out to encompass the use of computers in the education system. The paper aims to outline and elaborate on the way computers aid every department of life, including education. Information is much more valuable when presented within the context of education or training. Teaching to reflect well is known as “advance” teaching. This research paper is concerned with the educational faculties, facilities, and the organizational structure of the educational process. This study aims to focus on CAI to improve the quality of higher education in India. We have also discussed the areas where we can implement this technology

This article about E-Agriculture, {"references":["Atanasoaie (2011). Distribution channels on the organic foods market. Journal ofHorticulture, Forestry, and Biotechnology, 15 (3), 19-25.","Jasur Hasanov., & Haliyana Khalid (2015). The impact of website quality ononline purchase intention of organic food in Malaysia: A web equal modelapproach. Elsevier.","Pradhan Mohapatra (2015). E-agriculture: A golden opportunity for Indianfarmers. International Journal of Research and Development – AManagement Review, 4 (1), 2319–5479.","Robert. J. Cox (2001). Could E-marketing be utilized in the Tasmanian organicgrower's industry? University of Tasmania,15.","Stewart Lockie, K., & Lyons G. Lawrence (2006). Going organic: Mobilizingnetworks for environmentally responsible food production. CABI, 126 -128.","Varun Kumar, M., & Pulidindi Venugopal (2016). E-agriculture and ruraldevelopment (A study especially focused on rural farmers of Katpadi Talukin Vellore District of Tamil Nadu). Journal of Chemical andPharmaceutical Sciences, 9 (4)."]}

In this paper, the field analysis of a triangular corrugated coaxial cavity with misaligned insert is carried out for a megawatt-class sub-terahertz wave gyrotron. In misalignment analysis, both parallel displacement of the insert axis and tilting of the insert axis with the outer resonator axis are considered. Graff’s addition theorem is used for deriving the eigenvalue equation of the coaxial cavity with such a misaligned insert. Mathematical formulations are carried out to include the effect of insert misalignment on the beam coupling coefficient and ohmic wall loading of the outer cavity and insert of the coaxial cavity gyrotron. The effect of structural misalignment of the insert on the operation of 2-MW, 220-GHz coaxial cavity gyrotron is analyzed. It is shown that insert misalignment reduces RF output power as well as increases ohmic wall loading of the insert beyond the prescribed cooling limit. Compared to tilting of the insert, parallel displacement of the insert causes more deterioration in the gyrotron operation. Comparative studies are also performed for a coaxial cavity with rectangular slots on the insert.

In this paper, the design studies of a triple frequency (170/204/236GHz) coaxial cavity gyrotron are carried out which is suitable for plasma heating application in a commercial fusion demonstration (DEMO) tokamak class prototype reactor. To reduce the spatial and maintenance requirements in the heating system of the DEMO tokamak, the output power of the proposed gyrotron is targeted at $\approx 3$ MW for all the three operating frequencies. The cavity modes are selected by considering various physical and technical constraints of the multifrequency gyrotron. The dimensions of the interaction cavity are optimized for the chosen modes at the desired frequencies through cold-cavity calculations. Mode competition studies are then performed to understand the effect of the parasitic modes on the desired modes around the operating frequencies. A triangular corrugated coaxial insert is considered for reducing the problem of localized heating. Initial optimization of beam parameters and magnetic field is carried out using single-mode calculations for the maximum output efficiency. A triode-type coaxial magnetron injection gun is designed for supporting this multifrequency operation. Startup calculations are carried out with beam space-charge neutralization at all the three operating frequencies. These studies predict that a 3-MW, continuous-wave operation is possible at the desired frequencies of the proposed DEMO class gyrotron.

In recent decades, modeling of soft fingertips has fascinated a superior momentum in research initiatives concerned with development of an anthropomorphic soft finger tip. In design and development of soft fingertips, analysis of contact a characteristic plays a vital role on dexterous manipulation. This research work presents the results of the experimental investigation in relation to the formulations of contact area for soft fingertips pressed against assorted target profiles. A dimensionless parameter, curve factor Y (r/R) is introduced to derive a parametric relationship among the key parameters. It also addresses the growth of contact area of fingertips for five different combinations. From experimental observations, a modified power law equation with conversion factor (X) is proposed to interpolate the magnitude of contact area for different profiles.

Need for optical limiting devices that work on the basis of third order optical non-linearity has necessitated the search for different types of materials. Ferrites which show excellent magnetic properties are found to show optical non-linearity and have been exploited for this optical non-linearity in recent times. Current work explores the non-linear optical properties of nickel substituted manganese ferrites synthesized by wet chemical co-precipitation method. Structural studies on these samples indicated the formation of pure spinel ferrites with reduction in their crystallite sizes with increasing nickel concentration. The variation in particle size is similar to the measured optical band gap which is corroborated with the quantum size effect. Information on the presence and effects of defects in these samples are obtained from photoluminescence measurements. Z-scan measurements yielded non-linear optical parameters with their third order nonlinear susceptibility of the order of 10−6 esu. The observed self-defocusing effect was utilized to describe the optical limiting property with optical limiting threshold to be less than 2.5 mW for nickel substituted manganese ferrite nanoparticles under 532 nm CW laser.

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a well-known material of choice in numerous biomedical applications such as orthopaedics, dentistry etc., because of its similar configuration to the mineral phase of natural bone. Research studies report that addition of nano-carbon materials in HAp improves the morphology, structural and chemical properties. It also enhances the bioactivity of HAp to make it as suitable for bone engineering, drug and gene delivery applications. We have modified the surface of the synthesized HAp by incorporating nano-carbon through DC low-temperature plasma-based technique. This was achieved by varying the plasma processing parameters such as voltage, gas flow rate and processing time. The structural, morphological, chemical state, functional group and biological studies for the as-prepared and plasma processed samples were carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), High Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR) and Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) test, cytotoxicity analysis respectively. HR-TEM and FESEM images shows the hexagonal shape and the carbon present in the core shell of HAp. In SBF test, FESEM results confirming the formation of smooth apatite particles over the nano-carbon HAp surface.

Code blue is a rapid response system developed for emergency resuscitation and stabilization of any sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) within a hospital. Literatures on outcome and factors predicting mortality from SCA in the Emergency departments (EDs) of India is scant.This retrospective cohort study included all patients above the age of 15 years who had a code blue declared in the ED between the months of January 2018 and June 2019. Factors related to the sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and mortality were analyzed using descriptive-analytic statistics and logistic regressions.This study included 435 patients with a male predominance of 299 (69%). The mean age was 54.5 (SD - 16.5) years. Resuscitation was not attempted for 18 patients because of the terminal nature of the underlying disease. The majority were in-hospital cardiac arrests (74%). The nonshockable rhythm included pulseless electrical activity (PEA) (85.5%) and asystole (14.5%) cases. Shockable rhythms, that is, pulseless ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation were noted in only 10% (43/417) of cases. ROSC was attained in 184 (44.1%) patients, among which 56 (13.4%) were discharged alive from the hospital. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed CPR10 min (odds ratio [OR]: 13.58; 95% CI: 8.39-22.01; P0.001) and female gender (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.13-3.17; P = 0.016) to be independent risk factors for failure to achieve ROSC in ED.The initial documented rhythm was nonshockable in the majority of the cases. CPR duration of more than 10 min and female gender were independent risk factors for failure to achieve ROSC in the ED. Nonshockable rhythms have a poorer outcomes than that of shockable rhythms.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is one of the ligand-activated transcription factors which regulates a number of central events and considered as a promising target for various neurodegenerative disease conditions. Numerous reports implicate that PPAR-γ agonists have shown neuroprotective effects by regulating genes transcription associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. In regards, this review critically appraises the recent knowledge of PPAR-γ receptors in neuroprotection in order to hypothesize potential neuroprotective mechanism of PPAR-γ agonism in chronic neurological conditions. Of note, the PPAR-γ's interaction dynamics with PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) has gained significant attention for neuroprotection. Likewise, a plethora of studies suggest that the PPAR-γ pathway can be actuated by the endogenous ligands present in the CNS and thus identification and development of novel agonist for the PPAR-γ receptor holds a vow to prevent neurodegeneration. Together, the critical insights of this review enlighten the translational possibilities of developing novel neuroprotective therapeutics targeting PPAR-γ for various neurodegenerative disease conditions.

A new series of rhodanines with phenyl substitution at the fifth position of rhodanine ring were designed targeting the PPAR-γ receptor for their possible antihyperglycemic activity. The rational design and molecular modeling studies were performed against PPAR-γ (PDB ID: 2PRG). The compounds were docked and thereafter subjected for the synthesis via dithiocarbamate formation followed by Knoevenagel condensation. Structures were confirmed by IR, NMR and Mass spectral analysis. All synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro glucose uptake assay using isolated hepatocytes. The Compounds A5 and B5 having N-(p-methoxy benzyl) at third position of rhodanine ring showed good glucose uptake activity. These two compounds were further studied for the in vivo antihyperglycemic study against dexamethasone induced insulin resistance. The compounds were tested at single dose level of 10 mg/kg, per oral. The compound B5 showed significant antihyperglycemic activity when compared with the standard drug, pioglitazone. The illustration, about the molecular design, synthesis, analysis, glucose uptake study and in vivo antihyperglycemic activity is reported here along with the structure activity relationships. A series of N-Substituted rhodanines were synthesized by taking varied amines and aldehydes, via Knoevenagel condensation. The synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro and in vivo glucose uptake assay. The compound showed comparable biological activity with reference to standard drug. Additionally, molecular docking and MD simulation study was performed to support the hypothesis.

This paper focuseson the use of CFD in advancing the LPG/air blend development of a dual fueled IC engine (Diesel and LPG). LPG is introduced through a secondary gas tube to the intake duct of the engine, keeping up 45° point to the flow direction. The variations in the stream boundaries change the output of the engine. Thus there is apossibility for gas tube design to position it and to get an optimized performance. From the previous literatures, CFD tool can be utilized to streamline the gas flow boundaries to improve execution. Familiar programming has been utilized to tackle this issue and approved with trial results. The outcomes show that the streamlined flow boundaries by FLUENT demonstrate 3% improvement in performance of the engine and 11% decrease in NOx emission.

In the current age drones are broadly utilized for different applications in pretty much every field. Because of the disturbing expense of the glow fuel utilized in the RC motors, utilization of the equivalent includes a ton of capital. Adding to it, the current fuel brings about intermittent combustion is in demand of alternate fuel. This paper manages the investigation of existing fuel synthesis and discovering the cost required to dispose of the high capital included, so that considerably more tests and study utilizing the RC Engines 2.5 cc can be completed easily. Methanol and Castor oil Combination is considered as an alternate fuel. The approach includes testing of the fuel to decipher the substance parts and their individual pieces through a progression of tests. Followed by the study of possible additives to enhance the performance of the engine without actually altering the timing intervals. The new creation of the fuel showed up is blended in with extraordinary hardware and the equivalent is tried for essential fuel properties viz., Density, Flash point, Fire point, Calorific value, and so forth The productivity arrangement is made utilizing a pulley instrument and the equivalent is tried for both the energizes. Performance of the R/C aircraft engine was tested with existing glow fuel and the new blend. Results are compared and concluded that the designed blend is a potent alternate fuel for R/C aircraft engines. *Future scope: It can be further tested for its SFC and emission standards. The outcome shows that the new fuel is exceptionally cost productive and the essential substance properties are profoundly improved.

In this paper, design studies of a common electron gun and output coupling system for the dual regime operation of a 2-MW coaxial cavity gyrotron are presented. The operating frequencies (220/251.5 GHz) are selected, such that the proposed gyrotron can be used for plasma heating applications in the future experimental fusion reactors. A coaxial magnetron injection gun (MIG) is designed for the generation of hollow electron beam with the desired parameters. Initial geometry of the electron gun is determined through our in-house code Gyrotron Design Suite version 4.1 2016 (GDSv4.1 2016). The MIG is further optimized and simulated through the beam trajectory code ESRAY. A nonlinear taper (NLT) is designed with maximum transmission efficiency at both the operating frequencies. A quasi-optical launcher (QOL) is designed and numerically optimized through the commercial software, launcher optimization tool. The designed launcher efficiently converts both the operating modes into Gaussian-like mode. A single-disk RF window is designed for the extraction of high-power output beam from the gyrotron at their respective operating frequencies. The design of the NLT and the RF window are carried out through GDSv4.1 2016.

In this paper, RF behavior studies of a dual regime coaxial cavity gyrotron designed for electron cyclotron resonance heating and current drive of magnetically confined plasmas in the future fusion reactors are presented. Considering all the design constraints, the mode pair is chosen as $\text {TE}_{{48},{30}}$ and $\text {TE}_{{55},{34}}$ for operation at 220 and 251.5 GHz, respectively. The interaction circuit is initially designed through the cold cavity design. A triangular corrugated insert offers good mode selection and also reduces the localized heating problem. Single mode computations are carried out to optimize the beam parameters for the maximum efficiency of the chosen mode pair. Time-dependent multimode simulations are carried out to conform the power in the desired mode pair and the possibility of power in the competing modes. Start-up analyses are performed before and after space-charge neutralization with nonuniform magnetic field using nominal electron beam parameters obtained from magnetron injection gun calculations. These studies ensure that the continuous wave operation of a coaxial cavity gyrotron is possible with the output power of ≈2 MW with the chosen mode pair.

In this work, we have reported the electrical transport properties of two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) nanosheets prepared by supercritical fluid method. Drop-casting technique has been used to make MoS 2 thinfilm. The surface morphology and crystallinity of as-prepared MoS 2 are studied using TEM, AFM, Raman and X-ray diffraction analyses. The observation of non-linear current-voltage ( I-V ) characteristics has been analyzed with different current conduction mechanisms such as Schottky barrier (SB), space-charge limited conduction, Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, and Poole-Frenkel conduction. Clear symmetricity in I-V curves confirms that charge-transport is not influenced by SB. However, all other transport mechanisms are to be found responsible for the non-linearity. The charge carrier mobility of the device is determined as ~1530 cm 2 /V s which is the highest value among supercritical fluid processed MoS 2 to-date. The presence of bulk counterpart in MoS 2 is accountable for such anomalous transport behavior and it is supported by Raman mapping analysis, evidently. Overall, our results demonstrate the understanding of the fundamental charge transport mechanisms in MoS 2 thinfilm that can be the essential factors in development of various MoS 2 based electronic devices and their applications.

In this paper, the analytical and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation studies of an ${X}$ -band megawatt class gyrotwystron have been presented. The device employs a tapered output waveguide to achieve stability against self-start oscillations due to azimuthally asymmetric modes, including the fundamental harmonic TE11 and TE21. A full nonlinear self-consistent, single particle, multimode, and multiharmonic, transient code has been developed to study the beam–wave interaction behavior. Furthermore, the device is simulated for studying its transient behavior using a commercial PIC code “CST Particle Studio.” This predicts the saturated RF power of $\sim 20$ MW in the fundamental TE01 mode and $\sim 1$ MW in the TE02 ( $s = 2$ ) mode, which is a self-generated spurious oscillation in the output section. The saturated gain is calculated as $\sim 24$ dB with a power conversion efficiency of $\sim 20$ % for a relativistic electron beam having 7% axial velocity spread.

Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is an important enzyme in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and is a target for asthma and allergy treatment. Zileuton is the only drug currently marketed that targets this enzyme (IC50 ∼ 1 μM). So, the development of novel lead compounds is highly desirable. A series of 2-aryl indole, thiazolopyrazole acid, oxadiazolobenzothiophene, 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole, 2-amino-4-aryl thiazole and 4,4′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(1,3-thiazole) derivatives when tested against this enzyme resulted in the identification of a potent compound (1d), p-fluoro substituted 2-amino-4-aryl thiazole, with an IC50 of ∼10 μM. Another lead compound identified is (4a), a thiazolopyrazole acid derivative (IC50 ∼ 40 μM). All the compounds exhibit poor DPPH radical scavenging activity which suggests that their action occurs not due to the disruption of the redox cycle of iron present in the enzyme (unlike zileuton) but through competitive inhibition, since the Vmax remains constant but the Km increases with an increase in inhibitor concentration. Molecular docking of 1d and 4a to the active site of 5-LOX also supports the experimental data, and suggests that their possible mechanism of action is through competitive inhibition. The current study identifies a promising lead molecule which could be improved further to match the activity of the commercial drug.

Zn1−xCuxAl2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by microwave combustion technique with metal nitrates as precursor materials. Powder x-ray diffraction studies confirm the formation of single phase of spinel pure and copper doped zinc aluminates. HR-SEM images reveal the agglomerated coalescence morphology with pores. Elemental analysis (EDX) confirm the presence of Zn, Cu, Fe and O. UV-Visible Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is used to find the optical bandgap and it is found to decreases from 5.45 eV to 3.57 eV. IR spectra show three major peaks which confirm the phase formation of Zn1−xCuxAl2O4 nano aluminates with spinel structure. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements reveal the super paramagnetic nature of pure and copper doped zinc alumintes. The obtain results are confirmed that present pure and copper doped ZnAl2O4 particles at nanoscale are to be potential candidate for catalytic, sensor and optoelectronic device applications.

In this paper, a 3-D electromagnetic (EM) and particle simulation of an $X$ -band high power gyrotwystron has been reported. The EM (cold) and the electron beam and RF wave interaction (hot) behavior have been studied using a commercially available 3-D particle-in-cell code MAGIC. The EM field analysis guarantees that the RF circuit operation is in the desired TE011 at the input cavity and TE01 circular electric waveguide mode at the output with the desired frequency of operation of 9.8 GHz. The hot simulation demonstrates the particles phase space behavior along the interaction circuit and the energy transfer phenomena. The present gyrotwystron develops an output power $\sim 20$ MW with an electronic efficiency of $\sim 21$ % and a bandwidth of 10% for ideal electron beam velocity.

This study investigated the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) from experimentally infected Indian buffalo to in-contact naïve and vaccinated cattle and buffalo. In each of six rooms, two donor buffalo that had been inoculated with FMDV were housed for five days with four recipient animals, comprising one vaccinated buffalo, one vaccinated calf, one unvaccinated buffalo and one unvaccinated calf. Vaccination was carried out with current Indian vaccine strain (O/IND/R2/75) and challenged on 28 days post-vaccination with an antigenically similar strain (O/HAS/34/05). All 12 donor buffalo and the six unvaccinated cattle and six unvaccinated calves developed clinical signs of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). In contrast, all six vaccinated cattle (100%) and four out of six vaccinated buffalo (66.6%) were protected from disease but all became infected with FMDV. This confirms that buffalo have the potential to spread FMD by direct contact and that vaccination can block this spread. The numbers of animals in the study were too small to determine if the differences in clinical protection afforded by vaccination of cattle and buffalo are significant and warrant a different dose regime.

Background/Objectives: The main objective of the study is focused in producing geopolymer concrete using Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) with the addition of sodium hydroxide solution. The study also comprises to gain better strength concrete by addition of different sizes of steel fibres (1%). Methods/Statistical analysis: In this study, total of six mixes were prepared using alkali activator solution of 8 molarity, different sizes of steel fibres (30 mm and 60 mm) and their combinations were tested to get better mechanical properties. All the specimens were oven cured and tested on 1st, 7th and 28th day. Various tests such as compressive strength, flexural strength and young’s modulus of concrete were analysed in this study. Findings: Geopolymer concrete specimen has obtained a maximum compressive strength of 41.5 MPa and flexural strength of 7.5 MPa for M30 mix ratio. The addition of steel fibre showed a better improvement when compared to the control mix (plain GPC) and all mixes have achieved the desirable strength. Testing results have also indicated that the addition of shorter steel fibre showed better strength improvement with respect to the reference concrete than the longer steel fibre. Applications: It can be used in various applications such as machine foundations, industrial floorings and road pavements.

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In the presentscenario, Every University/College consists of many students, with the increased number of students it is a very tough task for the university to verify attendance manually and control malpractice during the examination. During a written test it is very easy for students to copy. To overcome these problems, in this paper we are going to discuss on Exam Monitoring systemwith a computer-based examination, attendance verification, and malpractice detection. This system consumes comparatively less time to verify attendance, generates distinct sets of questions for students, monitors duringtheexam, and the result is stored in the cloud.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype O is the most common cause of FMD outbreaks in India and three of the six lineages that have been described are most frequently detected, namely Ind2001, PanAsia and PanAsia 2. We report the full capsid sequence of 21 serotype O viruses isolated from India between 2002 and 2012. All these viruses belong to the Middle East–South Asia (ME–SA) topotype. The serological cross-reactivity of a bovine post-vaccination serum pool raised against the current Indian vaccine strain, O/IND/R2/75,was tested by virus neutralisation test with the 23 Indian field isolates, revealing a good match between the vaccine and the field isolates. The cross reactivity of the O/IND/R2/75 vaccine with 19 field isolates from other countries (mainly from Asia and Africa) revealed a good match to 79% of the viruses indicating that the vaccine strain is broadly cross-reactive and could be used to control FMD in other countries. Comparison of the capsid sequences of the serologically non-matching isolates with the vaccine strain sequence identified substitutions in neutralising antigenic sites 1 and 2, which could explain the observed serological differences.

Vapour phase ethylation of aniline was carried out over alkali and alkaline earth exchanged zeolites Y and β. Reaction conditions were optimised for N -alkylation by varying reaction parameters like temperature, WHSV, mole ratio and time on stream. Over all zeolites, N -alkylation is much higher than C -alkylation. Diethyl carbonate is a better N -alkylating agent than ethanol. Among the catalysts studied, Kβ is a good N -monoalkylating catalyst with 41% aniline conversion and 100% selectivity at 473 K, WHSV 19.8 h −1 and diethyl carbonate/aniline ratio 2.

Review on BLNK (B-cell linker), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.