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1. Low-frequency modulations in the solar microwave radiation as a possible indicator of inductive interaction of coronal magnetic loops

Author

Maxim L. Khodachenko, Helmut O. Rucker, A. G. Kislyakov, S. Urpo, and V. V. Zaitsev

Subjects
Physics, Solar flare, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Coronal loop, Astrophysics, Plasma, Low frequency, Capacitance, Microwave, Magnetic field, Electronic circuit
Abstract

Low-frequency (LF) modulations of 37 GHz microwave radiation during solar flares, recorded at the Metsahovi Radio Observatory, are considered. A fast Fourier transformation with a sliding window is used to obtain the dynamic spectra of the LF pulsations. We pay attention to the LF dynamic spectra having a specific multi-track structure, which is supposed to be an indication of a complex multi-loop composition of a flaring region. Application of the equivalent electric circuit models of the loops including the effects of electromagnetic inductive interaction in groups of slowly growing current-carrying magnetic loops allows us to explain and reproduce the main dynamical features of the observed LF modulation dynamic spectra. Each loop is considered as an equivalent electric circuit with variable parameters (resistance, capacitance and inductive coefficients) which depend on shape, scale, position of the loop with respect to other loops, as well as on the plasma parameters and value of the total longitudinal current in the magnetic tube.

Published
2005
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2. 147 GHz VLBI observations: Detection of 3C 273 and 3C 279 on the 3100 km baseline Metsähovi – Pico Veleta

Author

Thomas P. Krichbaum, S. Urpo, S. Navarro, D. A. Graham, P. Könönen, J. A. Zensus, K. Wiik, Albert Greve, J. Peltonen, John Conway, Michael Grewing, P. Sjöman, Roy Booth, Ari Mujunen, Jouko Ritakari, M. Berton, F. Rantakyro, D. John, and E. Oinaskallio

Subjects
Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Baseline (sea), Brightness temperature, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Flux, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Lower limit
Abstract

We report a successful VLBI observation at 147 GHz (2.1 mm) on the 3 100 km long baseline between the telescopes at Metsahovi (Finland) and Pico Veleta (Spain). The sources 3C 273B and 3C 279 were detected with a SNR of∼10. For these sources we estimate that 25-30% of the total flux is detectable as correlated flux on the 3 100 km baseline, which gives at 147 GHz a lower limit of the brightness temperature of the inner VLBI jet region of ∼1×10 1 0 K.

Published
2002
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3. Search for new flat-spectrum radio sources

Author

S. Wiren, Mauri Valtonen, Harri Teräsranta, and S. Urpo

Subjects
Physics, Radio telescope, X-shaped radio galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Duty cycle, Extrapolation, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Source counts, Astrophysics, Galactic plane, Declination
Abstract

GHz continuum observations with the Metsahovi Radio telescope are used to identifying new flat spectrum radio sources selected from lower frequency survey data. The sample is complete to sources with a flux higher than 0.5 Jy at 1.4 GHz, 0:5 between 1.4 and 4.85 GHz, declination from 0 to +75 degrees and sources more than 20 from the galactic plane. Additional strong sources from the 5 GHz survey were observed to get the sample as complete as possible down to 1.0 Jy at 22 GHz for extrapolation of source counts to lower flux levels. The new flat spectrum sources will be added to our monitoring sample and their duty cycle will be studied for the coming -ray observatiories AGILE and GLAST.

Published
2001
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4. Millimeter-radio, SOHO/EIT 171 Å features and the polar faculae in the polar zones of the Sun

Author

S. Urpo, V. I. Makarov, Esko Valtaoja, Andrey Tlatov, L. V. Makarova, and A. Riehokainen

Subjects
Physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Latitude, Radio telescope, Magnetic loop, Space and Planetary Science, White light, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Polar, Millimeter, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

In this work we study different manifestations of activity in the polar zones of the Sun in order to gain understanding on the phenomenon of enhanced radio temperature regions (ETR) at high solar latitudes. We have obtained simultaneous radio and optical data during 9 days in 1997. The radio data from the Metsahovi radio telescope, Finland, consisted of 37 GHz and 87 GHz solar maps. White light observations at the Kislovodsk solar mountain station in Russia were used to measure the coordinates of polar faculae groups and diffuse bright structures. We also compared our data with the 171 AEUV SOHO/EIT images for the same time periods. We find the ETRs in general coincide with the relatively dark areas seen in the SOHO/EIT images. Bright structures in the SOHO/EIT maps are, in general, encircled by the polar faculae groups and diffuse bright structures visible in white light. Some of the EUV bright structures appear to be bases of solar plumes. Connections between ETRs and polar faculae are complicated; sometimes polar faculae groups and diffuse bright structures are situated around the ETR maxima or at their borders, sometimes we see the polar faculae groups distributed over the whole ETR area. Some faint ETRs appear to have no associated polar faculae. However, in general there is a correlation between the ETRs, the polar faculae groups, and the bright structures (bases of the plumes and some other features), indicating that they are different manifestations of the same underlying activity. It is possible that magnetic loops in the active areas, traced by the polar faculae, are responsible for the observed radio enhancements.

Published
2001
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5. Microwave tomography of solar magnetic fields

Author

S. Urpo, A. Grebinskij, V. Bogod, K. Shibasaki, G. Gelfreikh, and Silja Pohjolainen

Subjects
Physics, Photosphere, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Coronal radiative losses, Corona, Magnetic field, Nanoflares, Physics::Space Physics, Radiative transfer, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Chromosphere, Microwave
Abstract

We present a new technique for the measure- ment of magnetic elds in the solar chromosphere - corona through observations of its free-free microwave emission in intensity and polarization. We derive the decoupled radi- ation transfer equations for Stoke's parameters of I and V for circular polarized emission in plane-layer inhomo- geneous atmospheres and present a model solutions of in- version problem. We discuss the discrimination between contributions from the corona and the chromosphere to the observed brightness spectra from the quiet Sun and plage regions and propose a practical method of magnetic eld estimates, which was used both with single frequency (the Nobeyama Radioheliograph at 17 GHz) and multi fre- quency (RATAN at 1 16 GHz) observations and discuss the preliminary results. The proposed techniques may be useful as microwave magnetography at the corona base and for checks and improvements in the current problem of extrapolating magnetic elds from photosphere to corona.

Published
2000
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6. Parametric interaction of coronal loops with p modes

Author

S. Urpo, V. V. Zaitsev, A. G. Kisliakov, and A. V. Stepanov

Subjects
Loop (topology), Physics, Photosphere, Amplitude, Solar flare, Control theory, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Coronal loop, Parametric oscillator, Magnetohydrodynamics, Excitation, Computational physics
Abstract

Parametric resonance between p modes and eigenoscillations of coronal loops is studied. Observations of solar radio bursts revealed this effect in simultaneous excitation of loop oscillations with periods corresponding to the pumping-up frequency (5 min), subharmonic (10 min), and to the first upper frequency of parametric resonance (3.3 min). An interpretation in terms of a coronal magnetic loop as an equivalent electric circuit is given. Parametric resonance can work as a channel for transfer of energy from photospheric motions to stellar coronae. Individual Objects: Sun Introduction The heating of solar (up to 106–107 K) and stellar coronae (107–108 K) has been explained by a variety of mechanisms. In particular acoustic heating, reconnection, damping of MHDwaves, topological dissipation, microflares were discussed in this context, but without an obvious solution in sight. We consider here another possible origin of coronal heating dealing with parametric resonance between coronal loops and p modes. Parametric excitation of loop oscillations by p modes There is quite a lot of evidence of 5-min oscillations in the solar corona as inferred from TRACE and SOHO data (see e.g. De Moortel et al. 2002; De Pontieu et al. 2005) and Metsahovi observations at 11 and 37 GHz (Kislyakov et al. 2006; Zaitsev & Kislyakov 2006). Figure 1 presents the example of spectral analysis of the solar flare event on March 20, 2000 which revealed 10, 5, and 3.3 min oscillations. Why are p-mode oscillations driven by photosphere convection observed at the coronal level? De Pontieu et al. (2005) suggested a tunneling or direct propagation of photospheric oscillations into the outer atmosphere via slow MHD and shock waves. We interpret such kinds of events using the electric circuit model for a coronal loop (Zaitsev et al. 2000) and parametric resonance between acoustic eigenmodes of a loop and p modes. Indeed, 5min velocity oscillations of the photosphere modulate the electric current in a coronal loop foot point. Parametric resonance between photosphere oscillations and sound oscillations ω0 = k||cs of the loop appears. This effect reveals itself in the excitation of loop oscillations with periods of 5 min (pumping-up frequency ω), 10 min (sub-harmonic ω/2), and 3.3 min A. V. Stepanov, V. V. Zaitsev, A. G. Kisliakov, and S. Urpo 31 Figure 1: Spectrum of pulsations in the flare event on March 20, 2000 observed with the Metsahovi radio telescope at 37 GHz. The dashed line shows the frequency of the 1.8 mHz (10 min period), while the solid vertical lines indicate the frequencies of 5-min (3.6 mHz) and 3.3-min (5.6 mHz) oscillations. (corresponding to the first upper frequency of parametric resonance 3ω/2). Modulation of electric current leads to modulation of sound velocity in a loop (Zaitsev & Kislyakov 2006): cs = „ 2γkBT mi «1/2 „ 1 + ΔT 2T « = cs0(1 + 0.5q cosωt), q = 4 3 γ − 1 γ I 2 πc2r2p I∼ I . Here p is the gas pressure, r is the loop radius, k|| = sπ/L, L is the loop length, s = 1, 2, 3, ... , I I∼. Deviations of loop plasma parameters can be written as d2y dt2 + ω 0(1 + q cosωt)y = 0 Here the parameter q is determined by the width of zones near the frequencies of a parametric resonance ωn = nω/2, n = 1, 2, 3, ... where the parametric instability occurs (Landau & Lifshitz 1976). The width of the first instability zone (−qω0/2 < ω/2−ω0 < qω0/2), where ω0 is close to ω/2, is larger. So, the amplitude of variations of sound speed under action of photospheric oscillations is higher compared to the second considerably narrowed zone ω ≈ ω0 if q 1 (Fig. 1). Since p modes cannot directly penetrate into the corona, the parametric resonance may work as an effective channel for transfer of energy of photospheric oscillations to the upper layers of the atmosphere. It offers the challenge to understanding the heating mechanism of stellar coronae. Estimations made for solar loops have shown that if the current exceeds 7 × 109 A, the energy flux of sound oscillations arising in the coronal magnetic loop as a result of parametric resonance exceeds losses due to optical radiation. 32 Parametric interaction of coronal loops with p modes Conclusions Hindman & Jain (2008) proposed recently that loop oscillations are generated due to the buffeting excitation of loop magnetic fibrils by p modes. They supposed however that magnetic fields are potential and no electric current exists. Our mechanism suggests the interaction of p modes with electric currents in coronal loop and the heating of loop foot points due to the dissipation of the electric currents. Because p modes do not penetrate into the corona, the parametric resonance is a good way for transfer of energy of photosphere oscillations to stellar coronae. Acknowledgments. This work was partially supported by RFBR grant 09-02-00624-a, the Program of Russian Academy of Sciences “Solar Activity and Physical Processes in the Sun-Earth System”, and the grants of Leading Scientific Schools NSH-4485.2008.2 and NSH-6110.2008.2.

Published
2009
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7. Fifteen years monitoring of extragalactic radio sources at 22, 37 and 87 GHz

Author

H. Teräsranta, M. Tornikoski, A. Mujunen, K. Karlamaa, T. Valtonen, N. Henelius, S. Urpo, M. Lainela, T. Pursimo, K. Nilsson, S. Wiren, A. Lähteenmäki, M. Korpi, R. Rekola, P. Heinämäki, M. Hanski, P. Nurmi, K. Kokkonen, P. Keinänen, O. Joutsamo, J. Oksanen, H. Pietil, E. Valtaoja, M. Valtonen, and P. Könönen

Subjects
Physics, Active galactic nucleus, Continuum (measurement), General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Millimeter, Quasar, Astrophysics, Data reduction
Abstract

Over 13600 continuum observations of extragalactic sources are presented. These observations of 157 sources at 22, 37 and 87 GHz more than doubles the millimeter observations of these sources. The data are between 1990.5 and 1995.5, and combined with our earlier published data they form a 15 year database.

Published
1998
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8. Multiresolution analysis of solar mm–wave bursts

Author

A. Krüger, Jürgen Kurths, S. Urpo, Udo Schwarz, and Bernhard Kliem

Subjects
Physics, Spectral index, Fractional Brownian motion, Solar flare, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Multiresolution analysis, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, Wavelet transform, Astrophysics, Computational physics, Classical mechanics, Time series, Scaling
Abstract

Two methods of multi-scale time series analysis are applied to solar mm-wavelength flux time profiles in order to assess the diagnostic power of these tools for the exploration of nonlinear energy release processes. Both the multiresolution analysis (MRA), a method based on the wavelet transform, and the structure function analysis (SFA) permit the treatment of non-stationary time series. In addition, the MRA offers a local decomposition of the scaling behavior of the flux variations. Our main emphasis is directed at a decomposition of the contributions of the different time scales to the overall flux profile. The methods yield consistent values of the "spectral index" which describes the scalings contained in the time series. We find that time profiles of bursts are qualitatively analogous to fractional Brownian motion (fBm), possessing long-range temporal correlations. Such correlations are not found in quiet Sun observations. The MRA of six solar mm-wave bursts shows that the radio flux is always composed of contributions from a broad range of time scales. Also during the main phase of bursts, which appears to be structurally analogous to the pre- and post-burst phases at a resolution limit of 1 s, flux fluctuations are enhanced in a broad range of time scales. This suggests that the mm-wave bursts are composed of unresolved elements, just as the pre- and post-burst time profiles. The underlying energy release thus appears to be fragmentary. These results are discussed in terms of the avalanche model and plasma physical models for solar energy release events.

Published
1998
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9. A multifrequency analysis of radio variability of blazars

Author

C. Bongardo, S. Urpo, H. D. Aller, Margo F. Aller, G. de Zotti, Roberto Tagliaferri, Giuseppe Longo, Harri Teräsranta, Angelo Ciaramella, Merja Tornikoski, Anne Lähteenmäki, Leopoldo Milano, A., Ciaramella, C., Bongardo, H. D., Aller, M. F., Aller, G., DE ZOTTI, A., Lahteenmaki, Longo, Giuseppe, Milano, Leopoldo, R., Tagliaferri, H., Terasranta, M., Tornikoski, and AND S., Urpo

Subjects
Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Radio continuum: general, Radio observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Planck, signal processing, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Methods: statistical, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Galaxies: BL Lacertae objects: general, Astrophysics (astro-ph), radiation mechanisms, non linear PCA, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Galaxies: active, Light curve, CMB cold spot, Intensity (physics), Space and Planetary Science, symbols
Abstract

We have carried out a multifrequency analysis of the radio variability of blazars, exploiting the data obtained during the extensive monitoring programs carried out at the University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory (UMRAO, at 4.8, 8, and 14.5 GHz) and at the Metsahovi Radio Observatory (22 and 37 GHz). Two different techniques detect, in the Metsahovi light curves, evidences of periodicity at both frequencies for 5 sources (0224+671, 0945+408, 1226+023, 2200+420, and 2251+158). For the last three sources consistent periods are found also at the three UMRAO frequencies and the Scargle (1982) method yields an extremely low false-alarm probability. On the other hand, the 22 and 37 GHz periodicities of 0224+671 and 0945+408 (which were less extensively monitored at Metsahovi and for which we get a significant false-alarm probability) are not confirmed by the UMRAO database, where some indications of ill-defined periods about a factor of two longer are retrieved. We have also investigated the variability index, the structure function, and the distribution of intensity variations of the most extensively monitored sources. We find a statistically significant difference in the distribution of the variability index for BL Lac objects compared to flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), in the sense that the former objects are more variable. For both populations the variability index steadily increases with increasing frequency. The distribution of intensity variations also broadens with increasing frequency, and approaches a log-normal shape at the highest frequencies. We find that variability enhances by 20-30% the high frequency counts of extragalactic radio-sources at bright flux densities, such as those of the WMAP and Planck surveys., Comment: A&A accepted. 12 pages, 16 figures

Published
2004

10. Impulsive acceleration during gradual type solar radio flares

Author

S. Urpo, E. Valtaoja, and Silja Pohjolainen

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Bremsstrahlung, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Solar radio, Plasma, Acceleration, Wavelength, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Thermal, Extremely high frequency, General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract

Gradual rise and fall type solar radio flares recorded at 37 GHz (8 mm wavelength) are analysed and compared with simultaneous soft and hard X-ray events. Emission measures and plasma temperatures were calculated from the GOES soft X-ray data, and optically thin thermal bremsstrahlung flux at 37 GHz was calculated assuming the same emitting volumes. The main emission mechanism behind the millimeter wave radio flares was determined to be thermal bremsstrahlung although many of the flares showed impulsive, non-thermal features. The radio flares were compared with simultaneous BATSE hard X-ray events, but significant temporal correlation was not found. It is suggested that there might be two different types of gradual radio flares, connected to gradual or more impulsive hard X-ray events. Another explanation for the observed two types would be different viewing angles to the emitting regions.

Published
1997
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11. RadioAstron -- a Telescope with a Size of 300 000 km: Main Parameters and First Observational Results

Author

N. S. Kardashev, V. V. Khartov, V. V. Abramov, V. Yu. Avdeev, A. V. Alakoz, Yu. A. Aleksandrov, S. Ananthakrishnan, V. V. Andreyanov, A. S. Andrianov, N. M. Antonov, M. I. Artyukhov, M. Yu. Arkhipov, W. Baan, N. G. Babakin, V. E. Babyshkin, N. Bartel’, K. G. Belousov, A. A. Belyaev, J. J. Berulis, B. F. Burke, A. V. Biryukov, A. E. Bubnov, M. S. Burgin, G. Busca, A. A. Bykadorov, V. S. Bychkova, V. I. Vasil’kov, K. J. Wellington, I. S. Vinogradov, R. Wietfeldt, P. A. Voitsik, A. S. Gvamichava, I. A. Girin, L. I. Gurvits, R. D. Dagkesamanskii, L. D’Addario, G. Giovannini, D. L. Jauncey, P. E. Dewdney, A. A. D’yakov, V. E. Zharov, V. I. Zhuravlev, G. S. Zaslavskii, M. V. Zakhvatkin, A. N. Zinov’ev, Yu. Ilinen, A. V. Ipatov, B. Z. Kanevskii, I. A. Knorin, J. L. Casse, K. I. Kellermann, Yu. A. Kovalev, Yu. Yu. Kovalev, A. V. Kovalenko, B. L. Kogan, R. V. Komaev, A. A. Konovalenko, G. D. Kopelyanskii, Yu. A. Korneev, V. I. Kostenko, A. N. Kotik, B. B. Kreisman, A. Yu. Kukushkin, V. F. Kulishenko, D. N. Cooper, A. M. Kut’kin, W. H. Cannon, M. G. Larionov, M. M. Lisakov, L. N. Litvinenko, S. F. Likhachev, L. N. Likhacheva, A. P. Lobanov, S. V. Logvinenko, G. Langston, K. McCracken, S. Yu. Medvedev, M. V. Melekhin, A. V. Menderov, D. W. Murphy, T. A. Mizyakina, Yu. V. Mozgovoi, N. Ya. Nikolaev, B. S. Novikov, I. D. Novikov, V. V. Oreshko, Yu. K. Pavlenko, I. N. Pashchenko, Yu. N. Ponomarev, M. V. Popov, A. Pravin-Kumar, R. A. Preston, V. N. Pyshnov, I. A. Rakhimov, V. M. Rozhkov, J. D. Romney, P. Rocha, V. A. Rudakov, A. Räisänen, S. V. Sazankov, B. A. Sakharov, S. K. Semenov, V. A. Serebrennikov, R. T. Schilizzi, D. P. Skulachev, V. I. Slysh, A. I. Smirnov, J. G. Smith, V. A. Soglasnov, K. V. Sokolovskii, L. H. Sondaar, V. A. Stepan’yants, M. S. Turygin, S. Yu. Turygin, A. G. Tuchin, S. Urpo, S. D. Fedorchuk, A. M. Finkel’shtein, E. B. Fomalont, I. Fejes, A. N. Fomina, Yu. B. Khapin, G. S. Tsarevskii, J. A. Zensus, A. A. Chuprikov, M. V. Shatskaya, N. Ya. Shapirovskaya, A. I. Sheikhet, A. E. Shirshakov, A. Schmidt, L. A. Shnyreva, V. V. Shpilevskii, R. D. Ekers, and V. E. Yakimov

Subjects
Active galactic nucleus, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, law.invention, Radio telescope, Telescope, Astrophysical jet, law, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Supermassive black hole, Star formation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planetary system, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Russian Academy of Sciences and Federal Space Agency, together with the participation of many international organizations, worked toward the launch of the RadioAstron orbiting space observatory with its onboard 10-m reflector radio telescope from the Baikonur cosmodrome on July 18, 2011. Together with some of the largest ground-based radio telescopes and a set of stations for tracking, collecting, and reducing the data obtained, this space radio telescope forms a multi-antenna ground-space radio interferometer with extremely long baselines, making it possible for the first time to study various objects in the Universe with angular resolutions a million times better than is possible with the human eye. The project is targeted at systematic studies of compact radio-emitting sources and their dynamics. Objects to be studied include supermassive black holes, accretion disks, and relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei, stellar-mass black holes, neutron stars and hypothetical quark stars, regions of formation of stars and planetary systems in our and other galaxies, interplanetary and interstellar plasma, and the gravitational field of the Earth. The results of ground-based and inflight tests of the space radio telescope carried out in both autonomous and ground-space interferometric regimes are reported. The derived characteristics are in agreement with the main requirements of the project. The astrophysical science program has begun., 54 pages, 11 figures; published by Astronomicheskij Zhurnal (in Russian) and Astronomy Reports (in English)

Published
2013

12. A multi-wavelength study of a series of solar flares on June 11, 1991

Author

R Herrmann, S. Urpo, and Silja Pohjolainen

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, X-ray astronomy, Solar flare, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Solar physics, Wavelength, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Temporal resolution, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, H-alpha, Microwave, Radio astronomy
Abstract

On June 11, 1991, at 8:00–9:30 UT, several flares were observed in the active region 6659 (N38W24). We have studied the time development, fine-structures, spectral features, polarization, and correlation between different wavelengths of each of these events. The data used in the analysis are Metsahovi and Bern microwave data, GOES7 soft X-ray data, and other wavelength information from the Solar Geophysical Data.

Published
1996
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13. Isotopic Composition of Light Nuclei in Cosmic Rays: Results from AMS-01

Author

H. T. Liu, J. Ulbricht, P. Extermann, H. Hofer, G. Ambrosi, U. Becker, E. Perrin, C. Sbarra, W. J. Burger, F. J. Eppling, P. H. Fisher, S. M. Ting, M. Kraeber, Rui Miguel Faisca Rodrigues Pereira, Veronica Bindi, T. Kirn, M. Paniccia, C. dela Guia, A. Klimentov, Adrian Biland, M.W. Lee, M. Pimenta, Jouko Ritakari, Hui Zhang, S. Schael, I. D'Antone, D. Rapin, Sadakazu Haino, J. Casaus, Massimo Gervasi, Jungwook Shin, V. Plyaskin, P. Azzarello, F. Mayet, A. Schultz von Dratzig, D. Grandi, Andrea Contin, J.V. Allaby, L. Djambazov, Andrei Kounine, P. G. Rancoita, M. Pohl, B. Bertucci, Xiao-Dong Tang, J. P. Vialle, W.Z. Zhu, M. Capell, R. Siedling, Shih-Chang Lee, H. Park, L. Ao, J. Engelberg, M. Jongmanns, R. Kossakowski, H. von Gunten, D. Crespo, J. D. Burger, K. Lübelsmeyer, J. Alcaraz, K. Karlamaa, Yun-Young Choi, S. X. Wu, Eun-Suk Seo, T. S. Dai, S. Xu, Dawei Zhao, Federico Cindolo, Z.R. Dong, V. Shoutko, Joachim Trümper, Maria Ionica, Guohuai Zhu, V. Commichau, Z.P. Zhang, E. Shoumilov, E. Riihonen, A. Mihul, G.P. Barreira, M. J. Boschini, M. Ribordy, Tengfei Song, H. Anderhub, M. Duranti, U. Roeser, T. Siedenburg, H.F. Chen, M. Steuer, C. Delgado, Mao-Zhi Yang, Zhenghao Xu, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, H. Suter, G.S. Sun, A. Bartoloni, V. Koutsenko, Eino Valtonen, W. Wallraff, P.C. Xia, F. Spada, P. Saouter, J. Favier, Z. L. Ren, Waclaw Karpinski, X. D. Cai, Changgen Yang, I. Vetlitsky, W.H. Park, E. Cortina-Gil, G. Bruni, F. Palmonari, A. Pevsner, D. Vité, M. Buénerd, Tzihong Chiueh, S. R. Ro, S. Natale, G. Laurenti, S. Waldmeier Wicki, E. P. Velikhov, B. Zimmermann, R. Becker, Y. Galaktionov, Roald Z. Sagdeev, Ciaran Williams, Merja Tornikoski, J.L. Yan, Markus Cristinziani, J. J. Torsti, Antonino Zichichi, L. Bellagamba, K.S. Kim, A. Arefiev, F. Barao, R. R. McNeil, Jing Wang, G. Sartorelli, Nicola Tomassetti, P. Cannarsa, Y. H. Chang, T. Eronen, G. Kenney, M. Aguilar, Felicitas Pauss, V. Hermel, Werner Lustermann, Behcet Alpat, M. Basile, Z.G. Chen, G. Flügge, G. N. Kim, F. Spinella, M. Bourquin, H. L. Zhuang, J. Yang, You Zhou, Nicolas Produit, D. Luckey, F. Vezzu, G. Lu, C. Maña, C.H. Lin, Samuel C.C. Ting, Fabrizio Giulio Luca Pilo, G. Castellini, J. Vandenhirtz, D. Casadei, G. Laborie, P. Giusti, S. Di Falco, O. Grimm, Paolo Zuccon, A. Hasan, Mauro Menichelli, F. Giovacchini, G. Schwering, Daijin Kim, W.Q. Gu, F. Zhou, N. Fouque, I. Cernuda, E. Fiandrini, H. S. Chen, D. Santos, S. Urpo, G. Viertel, Luísa Arruda, G. Lamanna, K. Hangarter, Lucio Quadrani, B. Verlaat, P. Berges, Ari Mujunen, K. Wiik, J. Berdugo, G. Boella, N.A. Chernoplekov, Anselmo Margotti, W. Hungerford, Timo Laitinen, M. Pauluzzi, D. Ren, Giuseppe Levi, Lu Yuzhang, LinLi Yan, A.I. Oliva, V. Pojidaev, C. Lechanoine-Leluc, S.W. Ye, Roberto Battiston, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, AGUILAR M., ALCARAZ J., ALLABY J., ALPAT B., AMBROSI G., ANDERHUB H., AO L., AREFIEV A., ARRUDA L., AZZARELLO P., BASILE M., BARAO F., BARREIRA G., BARTOLONI A., BATTISTON R., BECKER R., BECKER U., BELLAGAMBA L., BERDUGO J., BERGES P., BERTUCCI B., BILAND A., BINDI V., BOELLA G., BOSCHINI M., BOURQUIN M., BRUNI G., BUENERD M., BURGER JD., BURGER WJ., CAI XD., CANNARSA P., CAPELL M., CASADEI D., CASAUS J., CASTELLINI G., CERNUDA I., CHANG YH., CHEN HF., CHEN HS., CHEN ZG., CHERNOPLEKOV NA., CHIUEH TH., CHOI YY., CINDOLO F., COMMICHAU V., CONTIN A., CORTINA-GIL E., CRESPO D., CRISTINZIANI M., DAI TS., DELA GUIA C., DELGADO C., DI FALCO S., DJAMBAZOV L., D'ANTONE I., DONG ZR., DURANTI M., ENGELBERG J., EPPLING FJ., ERONEN T., EXTERMANN P., FAVIER J., FIANDRINI E., FISHER PH., FLUGGE G., FOUQUE N., GALAKTIONOV Y., GERVASI M., GIOVACCHINI F., GIUSTI P., GRANDI D., GRIMM O., GU WQ., HAINO S., HANGARTER K., HASAN A., HERMEL V., HOFER H., HUNGERFORD W., IONICA M., JONGMANNS M., KARLAMAA K., KARPINSKI W., KENNEY G., KIM DH., KIM GN., KIM KS., KIRN T., KLIMENTOV A., KOSSAKOWSKI R., KOUNINE A., KOUTSENKO V., KRAEBER M., LABORIE G., LAITINEN T., LAMANNA G., LAURENTI G., LEBEDEV A., LECHANOINE-LELUC C., LEE MW., LEE SC., LEVI G., LIN CH., LIU HT., LU G., LU YS., LUBELSMEYER K., LUCKEY D., LUSTERMANN W., MANA C., MARGOTTI A., MAYET F., MCNEIL RR., MENICHELLI M., MIHUL A., MUJUNEN A., NATALE S., OLIVA A., PALMONARI F., PANICCIA M., PARK HB., PARK WH., PAULUZZI M., PAUSS F., PEREIRA R., PERRIN E., PEVSNER A., PILO F., PIMENTA M., PLYASKIN V., POJIDAEV V., POHL M., PRODUIT N., QUADRANI L., RANCOITA PG., RAPIN D., REN D., REN Z., RIBORDY M., RIIHONEN E., RITAKARI J., RO S., ROESER U., SAGDEEV R., SANTOS D., SARTORELLI G., SAOUTER P., SBARRA C., SCHAEL S., VON DRATZIG AS., SCHWERING G., SEO ES., SHIN JW., SHOUMILOV E., SHOUTKO V., SIEDENBURG T., SIEDLING R., SON D., SONG T., SPADA FR., SPINELLA F., STEUER M., SUN GS., SUTER H., TANG XW., TING SCC., TING SM., TOMASSETTI N., TORNIKOSKI M., TORSTI J., TRUMPER J., ULBRICHT J., URPO S., VALTONEN E., VANDENHIRTZ J., VELIKHOV E., VERLAAT B., VETLITSKY I., VEZZU F., VIALLE JP., VIERTEL G., VITE D., VON GUNTEN H., WICKI SW., WALLRAFF W., WANG JZ., WIIK K., WILLIAMS C., WU SX., XIA PC., XU S., XU ZZ., YAN JL., YAN LG., YANG CG., YANG J., YANG M., YE SW., ZHANG HY., ZHANG ZP., ZHAO DX., ZHOU F., ZHOU Y., ZHU GY., ZHU WZ., ZHUANG HL., ZICHICHI A., ZIMMERMANN B., ZUCCON P, Aguilar, M, Alcaraz, J, Allaby, J, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, Ao, L, Arefiev, A, Arruda, L, Azzarello, P, Basile, M, Barao, F, Barreira, G, Bartoloni, A, Battiston, R, Becker, R, Becker, U, Bellagamba, L, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Biland, A, Bindi, V, Boella, G, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bruni, G, Buénerd, M, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Cannarsa, P, Capell, M, Casadei, D, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cernuda, I, Chang, Y, Chen, H, Chen, Z, Chernoplekov, N, Chiueh, T, Choi, Y, Cindolo, F, Commichau, V, Contin, A, Cortina Gil, E, Crespo, D, Cristinziani, M, Dai, T, dela Guia, C, Delgado, C, Di Falco, S, Djambazov, L, D’Antone, I, Dong, Z, Duranti, M, Engelberg, J, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Extermann, P, Favier, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Flügge, G, Fouque, N, Galaktionov, Y, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Giusti, P, Grandi, D, Grimm, O, Gu, W, Haino, S, Hangarter, K, Hasan, A, Hermel, V, Hofer, H, Hungerford, W, Ionica, M, Jongmanns, M, Karlamaa, K, Karpinski, W, Kenney, G, Kim, D, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Klimentov, A, Kossakowski, R, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kraeber, M, Laborie, G, Laitinen, T, Lamanna, G, Laurenti, G, Lebedev, A, Lechanoine Leluc, C, Lee, M, Lee, S, Levi, G, Lin, C, Liu, H, Lu, G, Lu, Y, Lübelsmeyer, K, Luckey, D, Lustermann, W, Maña, C, Margotti, A, Mayet, F, Mcneil, R, Menichelli, M, Mihul, A, Mujunen, A, Natale, S, Oliva, A, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Park, H, Park, W, Pauluzzi, M, Pauss, F, Pereira, R, Perrin, E, Pevsner, A, Pilo, F, Pimenta, M, Plyaskin, V, Pojidaev, V, Pohl, M, Produit, N, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ren, D, Ren, Z, Ribordy, M, Riihonen, E, Ritakari, J, Ro, S, Roeser, U, Sagdeev, R, Santos, D, Sartorelli, G, Saouter, P, Sbarra, C, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shin, J, Shoumilov, E, Shoutko, V, Siedenburg, T, Siedling, R, Son, D, Song, T, Spada, F, Spinella, F, Steuer, M, Sun, G, Suter, H, Tang, X, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Tornikoski, M, Torsti, J, Trümper, J, Ulbricht, J, Urpo, S, Valtonen, E, Vandenhirtz, J, Velikhov, E, Verlaat, B, Vetlitsky, I, Vezzu, F, Vialle, J, Viertel, G, Vité, D, Von Gunten, H, Wicki, S, Wallraff, W, Wang, J, Wiik, K, Williams, C, Wu, S, Xia, P, Xu, S, Xu, Z, Yan, J, Yan, L, Yang, C, Yang, J, Yang, M, Ye, S, Zhang, H, Zhang, Z, Zhao, D, Zhou, F, Zhou, Y, Zhu, G, Zhu, W, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Zuccon, P, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Becker, R., Becker, Ulrich J., Berges, P., Burger, Joseph D., Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H., Dai, T. S., Eppling, Frederic J., Fisher, Peter H., Klimentov, A., Kounine, Andrei, Koutsenko, Vladimir, Lebedev, Alexei, Luckey, P. David, Jr., Shoutko, V., Siedenburg, T., Steuer, M., Ting, Samuel C. C., Wu. S. X., Xu, S., and Zhou, F.

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Astrophysics and Astronomy, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], genetic structures, Cosmic ray, Isotopes of boron, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, ACCELERATION OF PARTICLES, ABUNDANCES, Nucleosynthesis, 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], acceleration of particles, cosmic rays, nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic ray spallation, Physics, NUCLEAR REACTIONS, NUCLEOSYNTHESIS, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astronomy and Astrophysics, COSMIC RAYS, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Space and Planetary Science, Isotopes of beryllium, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Heliosphere
Abstract

The variety of isotopes in cosmic rays allows us to study different aspects of the processes that cosmic rays undergo between the time they are produced and the time of their arrival in the heliosphere. In this paper, we present measurements of the isotopic ratios [superscript 2]H/[superscript 4]He, [superscript 3]He/[superscript 4]He, [superscript 6]Li/[superscript 7]Li, [superscript 7]Be/([superscript 9]Be+[superscript 10]Be), and [superscript 10]B/[superscript 11]B in the range 0.2-1.4 GeV of kinetic energy per nucleon. The measurements are based on the data collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, AMS-01, during the STS-91 flight in 1998 June., United States. Dept. of Energy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Published
2011
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14. The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station: Part I – results from the test flight on the space shuttle

Author

P. Extermann, H. Hofer, J.P. Richeux, Jose Maria Kenny, M. Jongmanns, H. Anderhub, P. Giusti, A. Hasan, Mauro Menichelli, G. Scolieri, Y.S. Lu, I. Lopes, S. Ro, G. Schwering, Eun-Suk Seo, L. Baldini, E. Lanciotti, F. Vezzu, Maria Ionica, S.W. Ye, V. Koutsenko, Eino Valtonen, M.Y. Kim, G. Sartorelli, D. Rapin, V. Plyaskin, Werner Lustermann, Behcet Alpat, W.Q. Gu, W.Z. Zhu, C. Delgado, E. Fiandrini, Yu. Galaktionov, D.H. Kim, J. Alcaraz, S. X. Wu, W.H. Park, Felicitas Pauss, B. Verlaat, P. Berges, K. Karlamaa, S.C.C. Ting, F. Palmonari, Zhenghao Xu, Zhuoxiang Ren, F. Velcea, Tzihong Chiueh, G. Barbier, H.B. Park, R. Kossakowski, A. Klimentov, S. Urpo, Ari Mujunen, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, G. Laurenti, K. Luebelsmeyer, E. Shoumilov, W. Hungerford, H. S. Chen, N. Produit, M. Buenerd, S. Waldmeier Wicki, M. Basile, E. Riihonen, A. Mihul, Timo Laitinen, J. Yang, V. Postolache, V. Pojidaev, M. Steuer, P.C. Xia, G.S. Sun, Jian Wang, M. Ribordy, K. Hangarter, H. L. Zhuang, M. Pauluzzi, Stefan Schael, H. Suter, Guohuai Zhu, G. Boella, X.W. Tang, M. Kraber, A. Pevsner, M. A. Huang, Mao-Zhi Yang, Tao Song, J.L. Yan, N.A. Chernoplekov, J. Vandenhirtz, Z.G. Chen, C. Camps, Ciaran Williams, D. Ren, D. Luckey, I. Vetlitsky, Samuel C.C. Ting, N. Dinu, Zhidong Zhang, Anselmo Margotti, E. Cortina-Gil, M. Bourquin, A. Papi, Adrian Biland, R. Ionica, L. Djambazov, Paolo Zuccon, A. Contin, I. D'Antone, M.W. Lee, Jungwook Shin, F. Barao, G. Castellini, J. P. Da Cunha, Gui Nyun Kim, N. Fouque, P. Levtchenko, Massimo Gervasi, Kyung-Suk Cho, J. D. Burger, F. Mayet, M. Pohl, P. Yeh, G. Lu, C. Maña, C. Lechanoine-Leluc, A. Schultz von Dratzig, C. Rossin, Hengchang Liu, A. Mourao, S. Blasko, G. Laborie, C. Sbarra, Peter H. Fisher, L.G. Yan, V. Hermel, J.D. Deus, X. D. Cai, M.J. Choi, O. Grimm, J. Casaus, M. Capell, Philipp Azzarello, R. Siedling, J. Berdugo, Yun Wang, A. Arefiev, Roald Z. Sagdeev, J. Engelberg, H. von Gunten, C.L. Liu, L. Bellagamba, Changgen Yang, D. Casadei, U. Roser, R. R. McNeil, B. Meillon, Giuseppe Levi, Y.L. Chuang, K. Wiik, P. Bene, Federico Cindolo, J. J. Torsti, Antonino Zichichi, L. Brocco, J. Ritakari, Y. H. Chang, G. Kenney, P. Cannarsa, Y.Y. Choi, D. Barancourt, J. Favier, Waclaw Karpinski, E. Babucci, U. Becker, Dawei Zhao, R. Becker, Z.R. Dong, E. Perrin, K.S. Kim, Claudia Cecchi, F. J. Eppling, M. Aguilar, V. Shoutko, S. Bizzaglia, G. Esposito, M. Pimenta, G. Fluegge, D. Grandi, B. Bertucci, D. Santos, G. Ambrosi, T. S. Dai, A. Pesci, B.C. Wang, D. Vité, G. Lamanna, G. Viertel, J. P. Vialle, H.F. Chen, G.P. Barreira, W. J. Burger, Frank Raupach, Roberto Battiston, L. Ao, J. Ulbricht, Hao Zhang, S.C. Lee, J. Trümper, P. Emonet, M. J. Boschini, V. Commichau, E. P. Velikhov, B. Zimmermann, Merja Tornikoski, Markus Cristinziani, T. Eronen, P. G. Rancoita, W. Wallraff, G. Bruni, Aguilar, M, Alcaraz, J, Allaby, J, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, Ao, L, Arefiev, A, Azzarello, P, Babucci, E, Baldini, L, Basile, M, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Biland, A, Bizzaglia, S, Blasko, S, Boella, G, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Brocco, L, Bruni, G, Buenerd, M, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Camps, C, Cannarsa, P, Capell, M, Casadei, D, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cecchi, C, Chang, Y, Chen, H, Chen, Z, Chernoplekov, N, Chiueh, T, Cho, K, Choi, M, Choi, Y, Chuang, Y, Cindolo, F, Commichau, V, Contin, A, Cortina-Gil, E, Cristinziani, M, da Cunha, J, Dai, T, Delgado, C, Deus, J, Dinu, N, Djambazov, L, D'Antone, I, Dong, Z, Emonet, P, Engelberg, J, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Esposito, G, Extermann, P, Favier, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Fluegge, G, Fouque, N, Galaktionov, Y, Gervasi, M, Giusti, P, Grandi, D, Grimms, O, Gu, W, Hangarter, K, Hasan, A, Hermel, V, Hofer, H, Huang, M, Hungerford, W, Ionica, M, Ionica, R, Jongmanns, M, Karlamaa, K, Karpinski, W, Kenney, G, Kenny, J, Kim, D, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kim, M, Klimentov, A, Kossakowski, R, Koutsenko, V, Kraeber, M, Laborie, G, Laitinen, T, Lamanna, G, Lanciotti, E, Laurenti, G, Lebedev, A, Lechanoine-Leluc, C, Lee, M, Lee, S, Levi, G, Levtchenko, P, Liu, C, Liu, H, Lopes, I, Lu, G, Lu, Y, Lubelsmeyer, K, Luckey, D, Lustermann, W, Mana, C, Margotti, A, Mayet, F, Mcneil, R, Meillon, B, Menichelli, M, Mihul, A, Mourao, A, Mujunen, A, Palmonari, F, Papi, A, Park, H, Park, W, Pauluzzi, M, Pauss, F, Perrin, E, Pesci, A, Pevsner, A, Pimenta, M, Plyaskin, V, Pojidaev, V, Pohl, M, Postolache, V, Produit, N, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Raupach, F, Ren, D, Ren, Z, Ribordy, M, Richeux, J, Riihonen, E, Ritakari, J, Ro, S, Roeser, U, Rossin, C, Sagdeev, R, Santos, D, Sartorelli, G, Sbarra, C, Schael, S, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Scolieri, G, Seo, E, Shin, J, Shoutko, V, Shoumilov, E, Siedling, R, Son, D, Song, T, Steuer, M, Sun, G, Suter, H, Tang, X, Ting, S, Tornikoski, M, Torsti, J, Trumper, J, Ulbricht, J, Urpo, S, Valtonen, E, Vandenhirtz, J, Velcea, F, Velikhov, E, Verlaat, B, Vetlitsky, I, Vezzu, F, V, Jp, Viertel, G, Vite, D, Von Gunten, H, Wicki, S, Wallraff, W, Wang, B, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Wiik, K, Williams, C, Wu, S, Xia, P, Yan, J, Yan, L, Yang, C, Yang, J, Yang, M, Ye, S, Yeh, P, Xu, Z, Zhang, H, Zhang, Z, Zhao, D, Zhu, G, Zhu, W, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Zuccon, P, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Azzarello, Philipp, Bene, Pierre, Bourquin, Maurice, Cortina Gil, Eduardo, Cristinziani, Markus, Emonet, Pascal Philippe, Extermann, Pierre, Leluc, Catherine, Perrin, Eric, Pohl, Martin, Produit, Nicolas, Rapin, Divic Jean, Ribordy, Mathieu, Richeux, Jean-Pierre, Vite, Davide, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040, Madrid, Spain, and UCL - SST/IRMP - Institut de recherche en mathématique et physique

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FIS/06 - FISICA PER IL SISTEMA TERRA E PER IL MEZZO CIRCUMTERRESTRE, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, ddc:500.2, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Nuclear physics, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Positron, Earth's magnetic field, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Antiproton, 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, Nucleon, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, AMS, Cosmic Rays, Antimatter, Helium, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE
Abstract

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) was flown on the space shuttle Discovery during flight STS-91 (June 1998) in a 51.7 deg orbit at altitudes between 320 and 390 km. A search for antihelium nuclei in the rigidity range 1–140 GV was performed. No antihelium nuclei were detected at any rigidity. An upper limit on the flux ratio of antihelium to helium of < 1.1×10^−6 was obtained. The high energy proton, electron, positron, helium, antiproton and deuterium spectra were accurately measured. For each particle and nuclei two distinct spectra were observed: a higher energy spectrum and a substantial second spectrum. Positrons in the second spectrum were found to be much more abundant than electrons. Tracing particles from the second spectra shows that most of them travel for an extended period of time in the geomagnetic field, and that the positive particles (p and e+) and negative ones (e−) originate from two complementary geographic regions. The second helium spectrum flux over the energy range 0.1–1.2 GeV/nucleon was measured to be (6.3 ± 0.9) × 10^−3(m^2 s sr)^−1. Over 90 percent of the helium flux was determined to be 3He at the 90% confidence level

Published
2002
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15. Cosmic protons

Author

J. Alcaraz, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, H. Anderhub, L. Ao, A. Arefiev, P. Azzarello, E. Babucci, L. Baldini, M. Basile, D. Barancourt, F. Barao, G. Barbier, G. Barreira, R. Battiston, R. Becker, U. Becker, L. Bellagamba, P. Béné, J. Berdugo, P. Berges, B. Bertucci, A. Biland, S. Bizzaglia, S. Blasko, G. Boella, M. Boschini, M. Bourquin, L. Brocco, G. Bruni, M. Buenerd, J.D. Burger, W.J. Burger, X.D. Cai, C. Camps, P. Cannarsa, M. Capell, D. Casadei, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, C. Cecchi, Y.H. Chang, H.F. Chen, H.S. Chen, Z.G. Chen, N.A. Chernoplekov, T.H. Chiueh, Y.L. Chuang, F. Cindolo, V. Commichau, A. Contin, P. Crespo, M. Cristinziani, J.P. da Cunha, T.S. Dai, J.D. Deus, N. Dinu, L. Djambazov, I. D'Antone, Z.R. Dong, P. Emonet, J. Engelberg, F.J. Eppling, T. Eronen, G. Esposito, P. Extermann, J. Favier, E. Fiandrini, P.H. Fisher, G. Fluegge, N. Fouque, Yu. Galaktionov, M. Gervasi, P. Giusti, D. Grandi, O. Grimm, W.Q. Gu, K. Hangarter, A. Hasan, V. Hermel, H. Hofer, M.A. Huang, W. Hungerford, M. Ionica, R. Ionica, M. Jongmanns, K. Karlamaa, W. Karpinski, G. Kenney, J. Kenny, W. Kim, A. Klimentov, R. Kossakowski, V. Koutsenko, M. Kraeber, G. Laborie, T. Laitinen, G. Lamanna, G. Laurenti, A. Lebedev, S.C. Lee, G. Levi, P. Levtchenko, C.L. Liu, H.T. Liu, I. Lopes, G. Lu, Y.S. Lu, K. Lübelsmeyer, D. Luckey, W. Lustermann, C. Maña, A. Margotti, F. Mayet, R.R. McNeil, B. Meillon, M. Menichelli, A. Mihul, A. Mourao, A. Mujunen, F. Palmonari, A. Papi, I.H. Park, M. Pauluzzi, F. Pauss, E. Perrin, A. Pesci, A. Pevsner, M. Pimenta, V. Plyaskin, V. Pojidaev, M. Pohl, V. Postolache, N. Produit, P.G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, F. Raupach, D. Ren, Z. Ren, M. Ribordy, J.P. Richeux, E. Riihonen, J. Ritakari, U. Roeser, C. Roissin, R. Sagdeev, G. Sartorelli, A. Schultz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, G. Scolieri, E.S. Seo, V. Shoutko, E. Shoumilov, R. Siedling, D. Son, T. Song, M. Steuer, G.S. Sun, H. Suter, X.W. Tang, Samuel C.C. Ting, S.M. Ting, M. Tornikoski, J. Torsti, J. Trümper, J. Ulbricht, S. Urpo, I. Usoskin, E. Valtonen, J. Vandenhirtz, F. Velcea, E. Velikhov, B. Verlaat, I. Vetlitsky, F. Vezzu, J.P. Vialle, G. Viertel, D. Vité, H. Von Gunten, S. Waldmeier Wicki, W. Wallraff, B.C. Wang, J.Z. Wang, Y.H. Wang, K. Wiik, C. Williams, S.X. Wu, P.C. Xia, J.L. Yan, L.G. Yan, C.G. Yang, M. Yang, S.W. Ye, P. Yeh, Z.Z. Xu, H.Y. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, D.X. Zhao, G.Y. Zhu, W.Z. Zhu, H.L. Zhuang, A. Zichichi, B. Zimmermann, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Alcaraz, J, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, Ao, L, Arefiev, A, Azzarello, P, Babucci, E, Baldini, L, Basile, M, Barancourt, D, Barao, F, Barbier, G, Barreira, G, Battiston, R, Becker, R, Becker, U, Bellagamba, L, Béné, P, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Biland, A, Bizzaglia, S, Blasko, S, Boella, G, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Brocco, L, Bruni, G, Buenerd, M, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Camps, C, Cannarsa, P, Capell, M, Casadei, D, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cecchi, C, Chang, Y, Chen, H, Chen, Z, Chernoplekov, N, Chiueh, T, Chuang, Y, Cindolo, F, Commichau, V, Contin, A, Crespo, P, Cristinziani, M, Cunha, J, Dai, T, Deus, J, Dinu, N, Djambazov, L, D'Antone, I, Dong, Z, Emonet, P, Engelberg, J, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Esposito, G, Extermann, P, Favier, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Fluegge, G, Fouque, N, Galaktionov, Y, Gervasi, M, Giusti, P, Grandi, D, Grimm, O, Gu, W, Hangarter, K, Hasan, A, Hermel, V, Hofer, H, Huang, M, Hungerford, W, Ionica, M, Ionica, R, Jongmanns, M, Karlamaa, K, Karpinski, W, Kenney, G, Kenny, J, Kim, W, Klimentov, A, Kossakowski, R, Koutsenko, V, Kraeber, M, Laborie, G, Laitinen, T, Lamanna, G, Laurenti, G, Lebedev, A, Lee, S, Levi, G, Levtchenko, P, Liu, C, Liu, H, Lopes, I, Lu, G, Lu, Y, Lübelsmeyer, K, Luckey, D, Lustermann, W, Maña, C, Margotti, A, Mayet, F, Mcneil, R, Meillon, B, Menichelli, M, Mihul, A, Mourao, A, Mujunen, A, Palmonari, F, Papi, A, Park, I, Pauluzzi, M, Pauss, F, Perrin, E, Pesci, A, Pevsner, A, Pimenta, M, Plyaskin, V, Pojidaev, V, Pohl, M, Postolache, V, Produit, N, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Raupach, F, Ren, D, Ren, Z, Ribordy, M, Richeux, J, Riihonen, E, Ritakari, J, Roeser, U, Roissin, C, Sagdeev, R, Sartorelli, G, Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Scolieri, G, Seo, E, Shoutko, V, Shoumilov, E, Siedling, R, Son, D, Song, T, Steuer, M, Sun, G, Suter, H, Tang, X, Ting, S, Tornikoski, M, Torsti, J, Trümper, J, Ulbricht, J, Urpo, S, Usoskin, I, Valtonen, E, Vandenhirtz, J, Velcea, F, Velikhov, E, Verlaat, B, Vetlitsky, I, Vezzu, F, Vialle, J, Viertel, G, Vité, D, Gunten, H, Wicki, S, Wallraff, W, Wang, B, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Wiik, K, Williams, C, Wu, S, Xia, P, Yan, J, Yan, L, Yang, C, Yang, M, Ye, S, Yeh, P, Xu, Z, Zhang, H, Zhang, Z, Zhao, D, Zhu, G, Zhu, W, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Azzarello, Philipp, Bene, Pierre, Bourquin, Maurice, Cristinziani, Markus, Emonet, Pascal Philippe, Extermann, Pierre, Perrin, Eric, Pohl, Martin, Produit, Nicolas, Rapin, Divic Jean, Ribordy, Mathieu, Richeux, Jean-Pierre, and Vite, Davide

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Cosmic rays: protons, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:500.2, Nuclear Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE
Abstract

The primary proton spectrum in the kinetic energy range 0.2 to 200 GeV was measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during space shuttle flight STS–91 at an altitude of 380 km. The complete data set combining three shuttle attitudes and including all known systematic effects is presented.

Published
2001

16. Search for antihelium in cosmic rays

Author

Z.R. Dong, S. Bizzaglia, G. Ambrosi, J. Casaus, M. Pimenta, T. S. Dai, Samuel C.C. Ting, L. Djambazov, B.C. Wang, G. Molinari, A. Klimentov, B. Bertucci, S. X. Wu, R. Pilastrini, G. Lamanna, L.G. Yan, R. Siedling, J. Favier, Philipp Azzarello, J. J. Torsti, Antonino Zichichi, A. Hasan, Mauro Menichelli, L. Ao, Inkyu Park, J.P. Vialle, M. Steuer, P.C. Xia, Peter H. Fisher, Ilya Usoskin, P. G. Rancoita, Jing Wang, F. Palmonari, J. Isbert, M. Ribordy, G. Boella, H. von Gunten, P. Crespo, W. J. Burger, N. Fouque, R. Ionica, Federico Cindolo, J.P. Richeux, R. Cavalletti, D.X. Zhao, U. Roeser, N.A. Chernoplekov, C. G. Yang, Nicolas Produit, M. Buenerd, A. Cotta-Ramusino, R. Flaminio, J. P. Da Cunha, Anselmo Margotti, D. Rapin, V. Plyaskin, W. Kim, Roberto Battiston, G.Y. Zhu, W.Z. Zhu, G. Fluegge, G. Bruni, G. Viertel, P. Levtchenko, E. Fiandrini, G. Laurenti, K. Luebelsmeyer, S. Waldmeier Wicki, S.C. Lee, Yu. Galaktionov, F. Massera, D. Vité, J. Ulbricht, A. Chiarini, Hao Zhang, H. S. Chen, C. Rossin, G. Pancaldi, Felicitas Pauss, S. Recupero, Ciaran Williams, R. Kossakowski, W. Karpinski, J. Alcaraz, F. Barao, P. Yeh, E. Emonet, L.K. Ding, H.T. Liu, E. P. Velikhov, G. Torromeo, M. Basile, G.S. Sun, A. Pevsner, J.L. Yan, X. D. Cai, L. Baldini, F. Mezzanotte, C.L. Liu, L. Bellagamba, S. Blasko, K. Hangarter, J. Berdugo, Adrian Biland, G. Barbier, J. Vandenhirtz, V. Hermel, A. Arefiev, E. Prati, Jose Maria Kenny, R. R. McNeil, T.G. Guzik, B. Meillon, W.K. Gu, G. Kenney, I. D'Antone, J.P. Wefel, Markus Cristinziani, T. Eronen, R. Becker, Y.L. Chuang, P. Bene, B. Alpat, D. Luckey, E. Riihonen, A. Mihul, M. Jongmanns, C.C. Feng, D. Casadei, W. Wallraff, J. Krieger, H.L. Zhuang, G. Castellini, Massimo Gervasi, Zhuoxiang Ren, G. Schwering, W. Hungerford, A. Papi, Timo Laitinen, D. Santos, F. Tenbusch, B. Verlaat, P. Berges, Raffaele Mezzenga, S. Urpo, Ari Mujunen, G. Laborie, V. Shoutko, M. Pauluzzi, Y. S. Lu, G.P. Barreira, Yun Wang, V. Commichau, J. Truemper, A. Pesci, D. Ren, M. Capell, V. Koutsenko, Eino Valtonen, F. Vezzu, P. Cannarsa, C. Camps, T.P. Li, M. Ionica, H. Postema, A. Contin, M. Yang, E. Babucci, U. Becker, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, P. Giusti, I. Lopes, E. Perrin, F. J. Eppling, D. Alvisi, G. Lu, F. Raupach, C. Maña, P. Extermann, S. M. Ting, H. Hofer, G. Esposito, I. Vetlitsky, G. Sartorelli, M. Lolli, G. Maehlum, E.A. Werner, Fabio Finelli, Z.G. Chen, Werner Lustermann, Giuseppe Levi, X. W. Tang, Tao Song, M. Bourquin, V. Pojidaev, E. Shoumilov, H. Suter, J. D. Burger, Roald Z. Sagdeev, A. Mourao, J. Ritakari, Y. H. Chang, D. Barancourt, N. Dinu, H. Anderhub, Tzihong Chiueh, M. A. Huang, Jorge Dias de Deus, F. Mayet, A. Schultz von Dratzig, Alcaraz, J, Alvisi, D, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, Ao, L, Arefiev, A, Azzarello, P, Babucci, E, Baldini, L, Basile, M, Barancourt, D, Barao, F, Barbier, G, Barreira, G, Battiston, R, Becker, R, Becker, U, Bellagamba, L, Béné, P, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Biland, A, Bizzaglia, S, Blasko, S, Boella, G, Bourquin, M, Bruni, G, Buenerd, M, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Cavalletti, R, Camps, C, Cannarsa, P, Capell, M, Casadei, D, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Chang, Y, Chen, H, Chen, Z, Chernoplekov, N, Chiarini, A, Chiueh, T, Chuang, Y, Cindolo, F, Commichau, V, Contin, A, Cotta Ramusino, A, Crespo, P, Cristinziani, M, Dacunha, J, Dai, T, Deus, J, Ding, L, Dinu, N, Djambazov, L, D'Antone, I, Dong, Z, Emonet, P, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Esposito, G, Extermann, P, Favier, J, Feng, C, Fiandrini, E, Finelli, F, Fisher, P, Flaminio, R, Fluegge, G, Fouque, N, Galaktionov, Y, Gervasi, M, Giusti, P, Gu, W, Guzik, T, Hangarter, K, Hasan, A, Hermel, V, Hofer, H, Huang, M, Hungerford, W, Ionica, M, Ionica, R, Isbert, J, Jongmanns, M, Karpinski, W, Kenney, G, Kenny, J, Kim, W, Klimentov, A, Krieger, J, Kossakowski, R, Koutsenko, V, Laborie, G, Laitinen, T, Lamanna, G, Laurenti, G, Lebedev, A, Lee, S, Levi, G, Levtchenko, P, Li, T, Liu, C, Liu, H, Lolli, M, Lopes, I, Lu, G, Lu, Y, Lübelsmeyer, K, Luckey, D, Lustermann, W, Maehlum, G, Maña, C, Margotti, A, Massera, F, Mayet, F, Mcneil, R, Meillon, B, Menichelli, M, Mezzanotte, F, Mezzenga, R, Mihul, A, Molinari, G, Mourao, A, Mujunen, A, Palmonari, F, Pancaldi, G, Papi, A, Park, I, Pauluzzi, M, Pauss, F, Perrin, E, Pesci, A, Pevsner, A, Pilastrini, R, Pimenta, M, Plyaskin, V, Pojidaev, V, Postema, H, Prati, E, Produit, N, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Raupach, F, Recupero, S, Ren, D, Ren, Z, Ribordy, M, Richeux, J, Riihonen, E, Ritakari, J, Roeser, U, Roissin, C, Sagdeev, R, Santos, D, Sartorelli, G, Schultzvondratzig, A, Schwering, G, Shoutko, V, Shoumilov, E, Siedling, R, Son, D, Song, T, Steuer, M, Sun, G, Suter, H, Tang, X, Ting, S, Tenbusch, F, Torromeo, G, Torsti, J, Trümper, J, Ulbricht, J, Urpo, S, Usoskin, I, Valtonen, E, Vandenhirtz, J, Velikhov, E, Verlaat, B, Vetlitsky, I, Vezzu, F, Vialle, J, Viertel, G, Vité, D, Vongunten, H, Waldmeierwicki, S, Wallraff, W, Wang, B, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Wefel, J, Werner, E, Williams, C, Wu, S, Xia, P, Yan, J, Yan, L, Yang, C, Yang, M, Yeh, P, Zhang, H, Zhao, D, Zhu, G, Zhu, W, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and AMS

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Space Shuttle, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Rigidity (electromagnetism), 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, 010306 general physics, Helium, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astronomy, Flux ratio, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, chemistry, Cosmic rays: anti-helium, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE
Abstract

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) was flown on the space shuttle Discovery during flight STS-91 in a 51.7 degree orbit at altitudes between 320 and 390 km. A total of 2.86 * 10^6 helium nuclei were observed in the rigidity range 1 to 140 GV. No antihelium nuclei were detected at any rigidity. An upper limit on the flux ratio of antihelium to helium of < 1.1 * 10^-6 is obtained., 18 pages, Latex, 9 .eps figures

Published
2000

17. Leptons in near earth orbit

Author

L. Djambazov, P. Giusti, G. Scolieri, I. Lopes, Dawei Zhao, P. G. Rancoita, E. Babucci, U. Becker, F. Vezzu, E. Perrin, F. J. Eppling, G. Barbier, S. M. Ting, S.C. Lee, R. Ionica, F. Palmonari, H. von Gunten, G. Esposito, Z.R. Dong, Federico Cindolo, Changgen Yang, H. T. Liu, Diego Casadei, Yu. Galaktionov, D. Vité, A. Lebedev, U. Roeser, G. Castellini, Dong-Chul Son, Z. L. Ren, J. Alcaraz, Guohuai Zhu, Yun Wang, S. Bizzaglia, A. Arefiev, P. Extermann, H. Hofer, W. Wallraff, Ilya Usoskin, Jing Wang, P. Levtchenko, P. Emonet, T. S. Dai, H. Anderhub, Waclaw Karpinski, E. Fiandrini, R. Becker, P. Cannarsa, R. R. McNeil, D. Rapin, C. Roissin, B.C. Wang, M. Pimenta, E. P. Velikhov, B. Zimmermann, V. Plyaskin, Roald Z. Sagdeev, B. Meillon, H. S. Chen, L. Baldini, J. Casaus, A. Hasan, E. Riihonen, Mauro Menichelli, K. Karlamaa, A. Mihul, Giovanna Bruni, G. Kenney, N. Produit, D. Grandi, M. Ribordy, S. Urpo, W. J. Burger, Merja Tornikoski, Markus Cristinziani, G. Schwering, A. Pesci, I. Vetlitsky, L.G. Yan, I. D'Antone, Y. H. Chang, Tengfei Song, W.Q. Gu, B. Bertucci, D. Barancourt, N. Dinu, V. Commichau, G. Laborie, P. Crespo, Mao-Zhi Yang, J. J. Torsti, M. Jongmanns, Antonino Zichichi, Adrian Biland, V. Postolache, Peter H. Fisher, T. Eronen, C. Camps, J. Berdugo, N. Fouque, J. P. Da Cunha, Massimo Gervasi, J. Vandenhirtz, H. F. Chen, F. Barao, S. Blasko, Zhenyu Zhang, H.L. Zhuang, G. Viertel, E. Shoumilov, Jose Maria Kenny, W. Hungerford, F. Velcea, Y.L. Chuang, O. Grimm, J.L. Yan, K. Wiik, P. Bene, H. Suter, J.P. Richeux, Tzihong Chiueh, V. Hermel, M. Buenerd, Timo Laitinen, M. Capell, A. Papi, Eun-Suk Seo, M. Pauluzzi, R. Siedling, G. Fluegge, W.Z. Zhu, Giovanni Ambrosi, L. Ao, M. Bourquin, D. Ren, G. Lu, C. Maña, V. Koutsenko, Eino Valtonen, Felicitas Pauss, R. Kossakowski, A. Klimentov, G.S. Sun, A. Contin, Samuel C.C. Ting, M. A. Huang, M. J. Boschini, M. Basile, K. Hangarter, Roberto Battiston, A. Pevsner, D. Luckey, F. Mayet, Ciaran Williams, J. Ulbricht, A. Schultz von Dratzig, P. Yeh, G. Laurenti, Claudia Cecchi, S. Waldmeier Wicki, Hao Zhang, Z.G. Chen, S. X. Wu, J. Ritakari, X. D. Cai, J. Trümper, V. Shoutko, Inkyu Park, M. Steuer, P.C. Xia, S.W. Ye, C.L. Liu, L. Bellagamba, G. Lamanna, J. Engelberg, Xiao-Dong Tang, J. P. Vialle, K. Lübelsmeyer, G.P. Barreira, M. Ionica, P. Azzarello, Z. Z. Xu, V. Pojidaev, B. Verlaat, G. Sartorelli, P. Berges, Giuseppe Levi, Lu Yuzhang, Ari Mujunen, Werner Lustermann, Behcet Alpat, J. D. Burger, Frank Raupach, A. Mourao, J.D. Deus, L. Brocco, G. Boella, N.A. Chernoplekov, Anselmo Margotti, W. Kim, M. Kraeber, J. Favier, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Alcaraz, J, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, Ao, L, Arefiev, A, Azzarello, P, Babucci, E, Baldini, L, Basile, M, Barancourt, D, Barao, F, Barbier, G, Barreira, G, Battiston, R, Becker, R, Becker, U, Bellagamba, L, Béné, P, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Biland, A, Bizzaglia, S, Blasko, S, Boella, G, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Brocco, L, Bruni, G, Buenerd, M, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Camps, C, Cannarsa, P, Capell, M, Casadei, D, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cecchi, C, Chang, Y, Chen, H, Chen, Z, Chernoplekov, N, Chiueh, T, Chuang, Y, Cindolo, F, Commichau, V, Contin, A, Crespo, P, Cristinziani, M, Cunha, J, Dai, T, Deus, J, Dinu, N, Djambazov, L, D'Antone, I, Dong, Z, Emonet, P, Engelberg, J, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Esposito, G, Extermann, P, Favier, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Fluegge, G, Fouque, N, Galaktionov, Y, Gervasi, M, Giusti, P, Grandi, D, Grimm, O, Gu, W, Hangarter, K, Hasan, A, Hermel, V, Hofer, H, Huang, M, Hungerford, W, Ionica, M, Ionica, R, Jongmanns, M, Karlamaa, K, Karpinski, W, Kenney, G, Kenny, J, Kim, W, Klimentov, A, Kossakowski, R, Koutsenko, V, Kraeber, M, Laborie, G, Laitinen, T, Lamanna, G, Laurenti, G, Lebedev, A, Lee, S, Levi, G, Levtchenko, P, Liu, C, Liu, H, Lopes, I, Lu, G, Lu, Y, Lübelsmeyer, K, Luckey, D, Lustermann, W, Maña, C, Margotti, A, Mayet, F, Mcneil, R, Meillon, B, Menichelli, M, Mihul, A, Mourao, A, Mujunen, A, Palmonari, F, Papi, A, Park, I, Pauluzzi, M, Pauss, F, Perrin, E, Pesci, A, Pevsner, A, Pimenta, M, Plyaskin, V, Pojidaev, V, Postolache, V, Produit, N, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Raupach, F, Ren, D, Ren, Z, Ribordy, M, Richeux, J, Riihonen, E, Ritakari, J, Roeser, U, Roissin, C, Sagdeev, R, Sartorelli, G, Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Scolieri, G, Seo, E, Shoutko, V, Shoumilov, E, Siedling, R, Son, D, Song, T, Steuer, M, Sun, G, Suter, H, Tang, X, Ting, S, Tornikoski, M, Torsti, J, Trümper, J, Ulbricht, J, Urpo, S, Usoskin, I, Valtonen, E, Vandenhirtz, J, Velcea, F, Velikhov, E, Verlaat, B, Vetlitsky, I, Vezzu, F, Vialle, J, Viertel, G, Vité, D, Gunten, H, Wicki, S, Wallraff, W, Wang, B, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Wiik, K, Williams, C, Wu, S, Xia, P, Yan, J, Yan, L, Yang, C, Yang, M, Ye, S, Yeh, P, Xu, Z, Zhang, H, Zhang, Z, Zhao, D, Zhu, G, Zhu, W, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, and Zimmermann, B

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmic Rays, AMS, Cosmic ray, Electron, Astrophysics, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Nuclear physics, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, AMS-01, 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, AMS, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Earth's orbit, Cosmic rays: leptons, Cosmic Rays, cosmic rays, AMS-01, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Earth's magnetic field, 13. Climate action, High Energy Physics::Experiment, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, Lepton
Abstract

The lepton spectra in the kinetic energy ranges 0.2 to 40 GeV for e − and 0.2 to 3 GeV for e + were measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during space shuttle flight STS–91 at altitudes near 380 km. From the origin of the leptons two distinct spectra were observed: a higher energy spectrum and a substantial second spectrum with positrons much more abundant than electrons. Tracing leptons from the second spectra shows that most of these leptons travel for an extended period of time in the geomagnetic field and that the e + and e − originate from two complementary geographic regions.

Published
2000

18. Helium in near earth orbit

Author

D. Vité, Peter H. Fisher, Yu. Galaktionov, J. Alcaraz, Roald Z. Sagdeev, D.X. Zhao, K. Karlamaa, A. Arefiev, S.W. Ye, E. Riihonen, W. Hungerford, M. A. Huang, R. R. McNeil, B. Meillon, V. Shoutko, G. Kenney, J. Ritakari, Y. H. Chang, J. Engelberg, C. Camps, G. Sartorelli, D. Barancourt, A. Mihul, Timo Laitinen, R. Ionica, Jorge Dias de Deus, W. Kim, H. von Gunten, P. G. Rancoita, V. Postolache, M. Pauluzzi, G. Lu, C. Maña, Werner Lustermann, Federico Cindolo, F. Mayet, G. Fluegge, Mao-Zhi Yang, D. Ren, A. Schultz von Dratzig, G. Barbier, W.Z. Zhu, W. J. Burger, A. Papi, J. Casaus, U. Roeser, M. Ribordy, G. Ambrosi, Y.L. Chuang, A. Contin, P. Levtchenko, M. Buenerd, X.W. Tang, M. Pimenta, W. Wallraff, T. S. Dai, F. Vezzu, B. Verlaat, Maria Ionica, G.S. Sun, Samuel C.C. Ting, Frank Raupach, E. Shoumilov, P. Berges, B.C. Wang, S. Urpo, Ari Mujunen, G. Bruni, H. Suter, P. Bene, Hengchang Liu, D. Rapin, C. Roissin, V. Plyaskin, G. Laurenti, S. Waldmeier Wicki, D. Grandi, A. Pevsner, Z. L. Ren, F. Velcea, Tao Song, G. Lamanna, M. J. Boschini, B. Bertucci, J. J. Torsti, Antonino Zichichi, Waclaw Karpinski, J. Berdugo, H. Anderhub, V. Commichau, R. Becker, Roberto Battiston, B. Alpat, N. Fouque, J.P. Richeux, Zhenghao Xu, M. Bourquin, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, E. Fiandrini, F. Palmonari, Yun Wang, G. Boella, P. Yeh, J.L. Yan, H.F. Chen, L. Brocco, Felicitas Pauss, L. Baldini, A. Pesci, H. S. Chen, J. Ulbricht, K. Wiik, R. Kossakowski, N.A. Chernoplekov, Nicolas Produit, K. Lübelsmeyer, S. X. Wu, M. Basile, P. Cannarsa, Hao Zhang, S. Blasko, M. Jongmanns, G. Castellini, E. P. Velikhov, B. Zimmermann, G.P. Barreira, K. Hangarter, H. L. Zhuang, Anselmo Margotti, Tzihong Chiueh, J. P. Da Cunha, Y.S. Lu, Inkyu Park, J.P. Vialle, Ciaran Williams, A. Klimentov, G. Laborie, L. Ao, M. Pohl, N. Dinu, Merja Tornikoski, Markus Cristinziani, M. Steuer, P.C. Xia, G. Viertel, D. Luckey, Jose Maria Kenny, J. Trümper, L. Djambazov, Paolo Zuccon, O. Grimm, T. Eronen, E. Babucci, U. Becker, I. Vetlitsky, S.C. Lee, Eun-Suk Seo, E. Perrin, M. Kraeber, F. J. Eppling, S. M. Ting, Changgen Yang, V. Koutsenko, Eino Valtonen, P. Giusti, Adrian Biland, G. Scolieri, G. Esposito, Z.R. Dong, Claudia Cecchi, Philipp Azzarello, I. Lopes, Massimo Gervasi, P. Emonet, S. Bizzaglia, Z.G. Chen, J. Favier, M. Capell, R. Siedling, X. D. Cai, C.L. Liu, L. Bellagamba, L.G. Yan, Ilya Usoskin, Jing Wang, J. Vandenhirtz, A. Hasan, Mauro Menichelli, G. Schwering, P. Extermann, W.Q. Gu, H. Hofer, F. Barao, V. Hermel, Zhidong Zhang, D. Casadei, I. D'Antone, Guohuai Zhu, J. D. Burger, A. Mourao, V. Pojidaev, Giuseppe Levi, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Alcaraz, J, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, Ao, L, Arefiev, A, Azzarello, P, Babucci, E, Baldini, L, Basile, M, Barancourt, D, Barao, F, Barbier, G, Barreira, G, Battiston, R, Becker, R, Becker, U, Bellagamba, L, Béné, P, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Biland, A, Bizzaglia, S, Blasko, S, Boella, G, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Brocco, L, Bruni, G, Buenerd, M, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Camps, C, Cannarsa, P, Capell, M, Casadei, D, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cecchi, C, Chang, Y, Chen, H, Chen, Z, Chernoplekov, N, Chiueh, T, Chuang, Y, Cindolo, F, Commichau, V, Contin, A, Cristinziani, M, Cunha, J, Dai, T, Deus, J, Dinu, N, Djambazov, L, D'Antone, I, Dong, Z, Emonet, P, Engelberg, J, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Esposito, G, Extermann, P, Favier, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Fluegge, G, Fouque, N, Galaktionov, Y, Gervasi, M, Giusti, P, Grandi, D, Grimm, O, Gu, W, Hangarter, K, Hasan, A, Hermel, V, Hofer, H, Huang, M, Hungerford, W, Ionica, M, Ionica, R, Jongmanns, M, Karlamaa, K, Karpinski, W, Kenney, G, Kenny, J, Kim, W, Klimentov, A, Kossakowski, R, Koutsenko, V, Kraeber, M, Laborie, G, Laitinen, T, Lamanna, G, Laurenti, G, Lebedev, A, Lee, S, Levi, G, Levtchenko, P, Liu, C, Liu, H, Lopes, I, Lu, G, Lu, Y, Lübelsmeyer, K, Luckey, D, Lustermann, W, Maña, C, Margotti, A, Mayet, F, Mcneil, R, Meillon, B, Menichelli, M, Mihul, A, Mourao, A, Mujunen, A, Palmonari, F, Papi, A, Park, I, Pauluzzi, M, Pauss, F, Perrin, E, Pesci, A, Pevsner, A, Pimenta, M, Plyaskin, V, Pojidaev, V, Pohl, M, Postolache, V, Produit, N, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Raupach, F, Ren, D, Ren, Z, Ribordy, M, Richeux, J, Riihonen, E, Ritakari, J, Roeser, U, Roissin, C, Sagdeev, R, Sartorelli, G, Schultz&nbsp, von&nbsp, Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Scolieri, G, Seo, E, Shoutko, V, Shoumilov, E, Siedling, R, Son, D, Song, T, Steuer, M, Sun, G, Suter, H, Tang, X, Ting, S, Tornikoski, M, Torsti, J, Trümper, J, Ulbricht, J, Urpo, S, Usoskin, I, Valtonen, E, Vandenhirtz, J, Velcea, F, Velikhov, E, Verlaat, B, Vetlitsky, I, Vezzu, F, Vialle, J, Viertel, G, Vité, D, Gunten, H, Wicki, S, Wallraff, W, Wang, B, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Wiik, K, Williams, C, Wu, S, Xia, P, Yan, J, Yan, L, Yang, C, Yang, M, Ye, S, Yeh, P, Xu, Z, Zhang, H, Zhang, Z, Zhao, D, Zhu, G, Zhu, W, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Zuccon, P, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Azzarello, Philipp, Bene, Pierre, Bourquin, Maurice, Cristinziani, Markus, Emonet, Pascal Philippe, Extermann, Pierre, Perrin, Eric, Pohl, Martin, Produit, Nicolas, Rapin, Divic Jean, Ribordy, Mathieu, Richeux, Jean-Pierre, and Vite, Davide

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Earth's orbit, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Flux, ddc:500.2, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Earth's magnetic field, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, Atomic physics, Cosmic rays: helium, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, Helium
Abstract

The helium spectrum from 0.1 to 100 GeV/nucleon was measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during space shuttle flight STS-91 at altitudes near 380 km. Above the geomagnetic cutoff the spectrum is parameterized by a power law. Below the geomagnetic cutoff a second helium spectrum was observed. In the second helium spectra over the energy range 0.1 to 1.2 GeV/nucleon the flux was measured to be (6.3±0.9)×10 −3 ( m 2 sec sr ) −1 and more than ninety percent of the helium was determined to be 3He (at the 90% CL). Tracing helium from the second spectrum shows that about half of the 3He travel for an extended period of time in the geomagnetic field and that they originate from restricted geographic regions similar to protons and positrons.

Published
2000

19. Protons in near earth orbit

Author

J. Alcaraz, D. Alvisi, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, H. Anderhub, L. Ao, A. Arefiev, P. Azzarello, E. Babucci, L. Baldini, M. Basile, D. Barancourt, F. Barao, G. Barbier, G. Barreira, R. Battiston, R. Becker, U. Becker, L. Bellagamba, P. Béné, J. Berdugo, P. Berges, B. Bertucci, A. Biland, S. Bizzaglia, S. Blasko, G. Boella, M. Boschini, M. Bourquin, G. Bruni, M. Buenerd, J.D. Burger, W.J. Burger, X.D. Cai, R. Cavalletti, C. Camps, P. Cannarsa, M. Capell, D. Casadei, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, Y.H. Chang, H.F. Chen, H.S. Chen, Z.G. Chen, N.A. Chernoplekov, A. Chiarini, T.H. Chiueh, Y.L. Chuang, F. Cindolo, V. Commichau, A. Contin, A. Cotta–Ramusino, P. Crespo, M. Cristinziani, J.P. da Cunha, T.S. Dai, J.D. Deus, N. Dinu, L. Djambazov, I. D'Antone, Z.R. Dong, P. Emonet, J. Engelberg, F.J. Eppling, T. Eronen, G. Esposito, P. Extermann, J. Favier, C.C. Feng, E. Fiandrini, F. Finelli, P.H. Fisher, R. Flaminio, G. Fluegge, N. Fouque, Yu. Galaktionov, M. Gervasi, P. Giusti, D. Grandi, W.Q. Gu, K. Hangarter, A. Hasan, V. Hermel, H. Hofer, M.A. Huang, W. Hungerford, M. Ionica, R. Ionica, M. Jongmanns, K. Karlamaa, W. Karpinski, G. Kenney, J. Kenny, W. Kim, A. Klimentov, R. Kossakowski, V. Koutsenko, G. Laborie, T. Laitinen, G. Lamanna, G. Laurenti, A. Lebedev, S.C. Lee, G. Levi, P. Levtchenko, C.L. Liu, H.T. Liu, M. Lolli, I. Lopes, G. Lu, Y.S. Lu, K. Lübelsmeyer, D. Luckey, W. Lustermann, C. Maña, A. Margotti, F. Massera, F. Mayet, R.R. McNeil, B. Meillon, M. Menichelli, F. Mezzanotte, R. Mezzenga, A. Mihul, G. Molinari, A. Mourao, A. Mujunen, F. Palmonari, G. Pancaldi, A. Papi, I.H. Park, M. Pauluzzi, F. Pauss, E. Perrin, A. Pesci, A. Pevsner, R. Pilastrini, M. Pimenta, V. Plyaskin, V. Pojidaev, H. Postema, V. Postolache, E. Prati, N. Produit, P.G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, F. Raupach, S. Recupero, D. Ren, Z. Ren, M. Ribordy, J.P. Richeux, E. Riihonen, J. Ritakari, U. Roeser, C. Roissin, R. Sagdeev, D. Santos, G. Sartorelli, A. Schultz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E.S. Seo, V. Shoutko, E. Shoumilov, R. Siedling, D. Son, T. Song, M. Steuer, G.S. Sun, H. Suter, X.W. Tang, Samuel C.C. Ting, S.M. Ting, M. Tornikoski, G. Torromeo, J. Torsti, J. Trümper, J. Ulbricht, S. Urpo, I. Usoskin, E. Valtonen, J. Vandenhirtz, F. Velcea, E. Velikhov, B. Verlaat, I. Vetlitsky, F. Vezzu, J.P. Vialle, G. Viertel, D. Vité, H. Von Gunten, S. Waldmeier Wicki, W. Wallraff, B.C. Wang, J.Z. Wang, Y.H. Wang, K. Wiik, C. Williams, S.X. Wu, P.C. Xia, J.L. Yan, L.G. Yan, C.G. Yang, M. Yang, S.W. Ye, P. Yeh, Z.Z. Xu, H.Y. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, D.X. Zhao, G.Y. Zhu, W.Z. Zhu, H.L. Zhuang, A. Zichichi, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Alcaraz, J, Alvisi, D, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, Ao, L, Arefiev, A, Azzarello, P, Babucci, E, Baldini, L, Basile, M, Barancourt, D, Barao, F, Barbier, G, Barreira, G, Battiston, R, Becker, R, Becker, U, Bellagamba, L, Béné, P, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Biland, A, Bizzaglia, S, Blasko, S, Boella, G, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bruni, G, Buenerd, M, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Cavalletti, R, Camps, C, Cannarsa, P, Capell, M, Casadei, D, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Chang, Y, Chen, H, Chen, Z, Chernoplekov, N, Chiarini, A, Chiueh, T, Chuang, Y, Cindolo, F, Commichau, V, Contin, A, Cotta–ramusino, A, Crespo, P, Cristinziani, M, Cunha, J, Dai, T, Deus, J, Dinu, N, Djambazov, L, D'Antone, I, Dong, Z, Emonet, P, Engelberg, J, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Esposito, G, Extermann, P, Favier, J, Feng, C, Fiandrini, E, Finelli, F, Fisher, P, Flaminio, R, Fluegge, G, Fouque, N, Galaktionov, Y, Gervasi, M, Giusti, P, Grandi, D, Gu, W, Hangarter, K, Hasan, A, Hermel, V, Hofer, H, Huang, M, Hungerford, W, Ionica, M, Ionica, R, Jongmanns, M, Karlamaa, K, Karpinski, W, Kenney, G, Kenny, J, Kim, W, Klimentov, A, Kossakowski, R, Koutsenko, V, Laborie, G, Laitinen, T, Lamanna, G, Laurenti, G, Lebedev, A, Lee, S, Levi, G, Levtchenko, P, Liu, C, Liu, H, Lolli, M, Lopes, I, Lu, G, Lu, Y, Lübelsmeyer, K, Luckey, D, Lustermann, W, Maña, C, Margotti, A, Massera, F, Mayet, F, Mcneil, R, Meillon, B, Menichelli, M, Mezzanotte, F, Mezzenga, R, Mihul, A, Molinari, G, Mourao, A, Mujunen, A, Palmonari, F, Pancaldi, G, Papi, A, Park, I, Pauluzzi, M, Pauss, F, Perrin, E, Pesci, A, Pevsner, A, Pilastrini, R, Pimenta, M, Plyaskin, V, Pojidaev, V, Postema, H, Postolache, V, Prati, E, Produit, N, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Raupach, F, Recupero, S, Ren, D, Ren, Z, Ribordy, M, Richeux, J, Riihonen, E, Ritakari, J, Roeser, U, Roissin, C, Sagdeev, R, Santos, D, Sartorelli, G, Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shoutko, V, Shoumilov, E, Siedling, R, Son, D, Song, T, Steuer, M, Sun, G, Suter, H, Tang, X, Ting, S, Tornikoski, M, Torromeo, G, Torsti, J, Trümper, J, Ulbricht, J, Urpo, S, Usoskin, I, Valtonen, E, Vandenhirtz, J, Velcea, F, Velikhov, E, Verlaat, B, Vetlitsky, I, Vezzu, F, Vialle, J, Viertel, G, Vité, D, Gunten, H, Wicki, S, Wallraff, W, Wang, B, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Wiik, K, Williams, C, Wu, S, Xia, P, Yan, J, Yan, L, Yang, C, Yang, M, Ye, S, Yeh, P, Xu, Z, Zhang, H, Zhang, Z, Zhao, D, Zhu, G, Zhu, W, Zhuang, H, and Zichichi, A

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Proton, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Space Shuttle, Astrophysics, Kinetic energy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, Cosmic rays, AMS, AMS, Nuclear Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Earth's orbit, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Earth's magnetic field, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, 13. Climate action, Physics::Space Physics, cosmic rays: protons, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The proton spectrum in the kinetic energy range 0.1 to 200 GeV was measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during space shuttle flight STS-91 at an altitude of 380 km. Above the geomagnetic cutoff the observed spectrum is parameterized by a power law. Below the geomagnetic cutoff a substantial second spectrum was observed concentrated at equatorial latitudes with a flux ~ 70 m^-2 sec^-1 sr^-1. Most of these second spectrum protons follow a complicated trajectory and originate from a restricted geographic region., 19 pages, Latex, 7 .eps figures

Published
2000

20. Large Scale Patterns on the Solar Surface Indicated by Microwave Observations

Author

B. Vršnak, S. Pohjolainen, H. Teräsranta, S. Urpo, R. Brajša, V. Ruždjak, A. Schroll, and S. Jurač

Abstract

A large set of observations of the Sun at 37 GHz is analysed. An association of 99% is found between the regions of brightness temperature depression and the magnetic field inversion lines. Observations indicate a possible existence of “giant cells” with duration of 1-2 years and a longitudinal extension up to 90°.

Published
1991
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23. On the association between coronal mm-wave sources, LDE x-ray flares, and coronal mass ejections

Author

J. Hildebrandt, Silja Pohjolainen, S. Urpo, and A. Krüger

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, Photosphere, Solar flare, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Coronal loop, Astrophysics, Solar physics, Special class, law.invention, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, law, Coronal plane, Coronal mass ejection, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Flare
Abstract

Coronal millimetre-wave sources (CMMSs) at heights of about 10 5 km above the photosphere and lifetimes of at least several hours are considered to form a special class of post-flare events providing interesting objects for plasma diagnostics. Based on observations for more than six years their relationship to long lasting X-ray emissions (LDEs) and great flare events is examined. Although only a part of CMMSs is found to be associated with LDEs at a time interval

Published
1989
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24. Relationship of solar coronal millimetre wave sources to bursts in the centimetre range

Author

H. Teräsranta, J. Hildebrandt Potsdam, S. Urpo, V. Ruždjak, and A. Krüger

Subjects
Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Statistical analysis, Astrophysics, Millimetre wave
Abstract

Les relations entre les ondes millimetriques solaires et les sursauts solaires sont analysees. Les ondes millimetriques coronales peuvent etre considerees comme indicateurs de systemes d'arches coronales de grande envergure (∼ 10 5 km) provenant de grandes regions actives solaires

Published
1989
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25. On the correlation of microwave bursts with the Hα flares

Author

H. Teräsranta, S. Urpo, and V. Ruzdjak

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, Solar flare, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Solar maximum, law.invention, Radio telescope, Solar wind, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, law, Observatory, Physics::Space Physics, Coronal mass ejection, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Microwave, Flare
Abstract

The results of a direct comparison of solar microwave recordings at the Metsahovi Radio Research station, Finland, and H-alpha flares at the Hvar Observatory, Yugoslavia, during the Solar Maximum Year compaigns of 1979-1981 and 1983 are reported. At the Metsahovi station, a 14-meter radio telescope is used and at the Hvar Observatory a solar double-telescope is used. It is found that the correlation between H-alpha flares and microwave gradual rise and fall events (GRF), with a time scale of tens of minutes, is high. At Metsahovi, 23 GRF events are measured and in 22 cases (96 percent) a simultaneous flare is observed at Hvar. On the other hand, impulsive microwave bursts with a time scale of tens of seconds have low correlation with H-alpha flares. It is shown that the main contribution to the microwave GRF bursts comes from thermal radiation and that the correlation of flares and microwave events is low at long wavelengths and very high at shorter wavelengths. 6 references.

Published
1984
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26. Microwave limb sources and their relation to solar flares

Author

S. Urpo, Silja Pohjolainen, V. Ruzdjak, B. Rompolt, Bojan Vršnak, and H. Teräsranta

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, Photosphere, Solar flare, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radiation, Solar physics, Solar prominence, law.invention, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, law, Brightness temperature, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Microwave, Flare
Abstract

Solar microwave maps (at 22 and 37 GHz) performed at Metsahovi (Finland) in the period 1979–1982 have revealed about a dozen radiation sources, microwave limb sources (MW LS), located up to 50 000 km above the optical limb of the Sun (in normal conditions the sources for microwave emission are locate 2 000 – 4 000 km above the photosphere). It could be established that MW LS showed up after the occurrence of two ribbon flares situated close to the limb of the visible hemisphere or that they have been connected to flares occuring behind the limb, which was documented by the appearance of Hα post flare loop systems. The life time of the MW LS was typically about 3 hours and they have been correlated to long decay events (LDE) in X-rays. In one case the active region where the MW LS appeared was also tracked at Metsahovi and a typical gradual rise and fall event was recorded. It is proposed that the MW LS are of thermal origin and that they originate from condensed flaring loops appearing at successive higher altitudes.

Published
1986
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27. A homologous microwave flare on May 29, 1980

Author

S. Urpo

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, Solar flare, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Solar physics, Electromagnetic radiation, law.invention, Radio telescope, Wavelength, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, law, Rise time, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Microwave, Flare
Abstract

Two homologous solar bursts were recorded on May 29, 1980 at 1028 UT and at 1147 UT from the Hale region 16864. The measurements were done at 8 mm wavelength at the Metsahovi Radio Research Station using a 14 meter radio telescope. The time series of the bursts were similar even in the small details. The rise time of both bursts was about 10 seconds and the peak flux density was 3.3 sfu at 1028 UT and 1.2 sfu at 1147 UT. Both bursts were composed of several elementary spikes which were typically 3 seconds apart from each other. The maximum of the gyro-synchrotron type spectrum was close to 15 GHz. The time profile of the bursts, elementary spikes and the frequency spectrum indicated that the origin of these homologous microwave bursts was in a magnetic structure with several loops and that the same complex loop structure was producing energy during both bursts.

Published
1982
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28. A 15.7-min periodicity in OJ287

Author

T. Korhonen, Harri Teräsranta, S. Urpo, H. Lehto, Erkki Salonen, Pekka Teerikorpi, William C. Saslaw, Esko Valtaoja, M. Tiuri, Mauri Valtonen, and V. Piirola

Subjects
Physics, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Astrophysics, Light curve, 01 natural sciences, Redshift, Photometry (optics), Amplitude, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Orbital motion, Flux quantization, Variable star, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Optical observation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The BL Lac-type object OJ287, with a redshift z = 0.306 and a luminosity exceeding 1047 erg s−1 at maximum light, is among the brightest and most violently variable objects of its class. Rapid variations, with timescales of a few hours or less, have been reported over a wide range of wavelengths1,2 and also in polarization3, imposing strong constraints on the size and dynamics of the source4,5. The detection of periodic variations in OJ287, or in any other compact extragalactic source, would be even more important, as these could be related to rotation or orbital motion in the source. So far the only searches sensitive to periodic variations shorter than 1 h are the photometric observations of Visvanathan and Elliot6, Frohlich et al.7 and Kiplinger8, in which a 40-min period in OJ287 was respectively found, confirmed and not detected. We report here the detection of a 15.7-min periodic flux variation in OJ287 in April 1981 at 37 GHz. The source has been subsequently monitored for 265 h at 22 and 37 GHz, as well as in optical photometry, and the same period has been seen in simultaneous observations. The peak–peak amplitude of the variation is 1–10% of the total intensity. Other periods may also exist.

Published
1985
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29. Cosmic-ray positron fraction measurement from 1 to 30 GeV with AMS-01

Author

Aguilar, M, Alcaraz, J, Allaby, J, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, L. Ao, A. Arefiev, P. Azzarello, L. Baldini, M. Basile, D. Barancourt, F. Barao, G. Barbier, G. Barreira, R. Battiston, R. Becker, U. Becker, L. Bellagamba, P. Béné, J. Berdugo, P. Berges, B. Bertucci, A. Biland, S. Blasko, Boschini, M, M. Bourquin, L. Brocco, G. Bruni, M. Buénerd, J. D. Burger, W. J. Burger, X. D. Cai, C. Camps, P. Cannarsa, M. Capell, F. Cardano, D. Casadei, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, Y. H. Chang, H. F. Chen, H. S. Chen, Z. G. Chen, N. A. Chernoplekov, T. H. Chiueh, K. Cho, M. J. Choi, Y. Y. Choi, F. Cindolo, V. Commichau, A. Contin, E. Cortina Gil, M. Cristinziani, T. S. Dai, C. Delgado, S. Difalco, L. Djambazov, I. D'Antone, Z. R. Dong, P. Emonet, J. Engelberg, F. J. Eppling, T. Eronen, G. Esposito, P. Extermann, J. Favier, E. Fiandrini, P. H. Fisher, G. Flügge, N. Fouque, Y.u. Galaktionov, H. Gast, P. Giusti, Grandi, D, O. Grimm, W. Q. Gu, K. Hangarter, A. Hasan, V. Hermel, H. Hofer, W. Hungerford, M. Jongmanns, K. Karlamaa, W. Karpinski, G. Kenney, D. H. Kim, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, M. Y. Kim, A. Klimentov, R. Kossakowskic, A. Kouninel, V. Koutsenkol, M. Kraeberai, G. Laboriet, T. Laitinenah, G. Lamannaad, 1, E. Lanciottiz, G. Laurentij, A. Lebedevl, C. Lechanoine Lelucs, M. W. Leeo, S. C. Leeag, G. Levij, C. L. Liuy, H. T. Liui, G. Lug, Y. S. Lui, K. Lübelsmeyera, D. Luckeyl, W. Lustermannai, C. Mañaz, A. Margottij, F. Mayett, R. R. McNeild, B. Meillont, M. Menichelliad, A. Mihulk, A. Mujunenv, A. Olivaad, J. Olzema, F. Palmonarij, H. B. Parko, W. H. Parko, M. Pauluzziad, F. Paussai, E. Perrins, A. Pescij, A. Pevsnere, F. Piloae, M. Pimentax, w, V. Plyaskinac, V. Pojidaevac, M. Pohls, N. Produits, Rancoita, PG D. Rapins, F. Raupacha, D. Renai, Z. Renag, M. Ribordys, J. P. Richeuxs, E. Riihonenah, J. Ritakariv, S. Roo, U. Roeserai, C. Rossint, R. Sagdeevn, D. Santost, G. Sartorellij, C. Sbarraj, S. Schaela, A. Schultz von Dratziga, G. Schweringa, E. S. Seon, J. W. Shino, E. Shoumilovac, V. Shoutkol, T. Siedenburgl, R. Siedlinga, D. Sono, T. Songh, F. Spinellaae, M. Steuerl, G. S. Sunh, H. Suterai, X. W. Tangi, Samuel C. C. Tingl, S. M. Tingl, M. Tornikoskiv, J. Torstiah, J. Trümperq, J. Ulbrichtai, S. Urpov, E. Valtonenah, J. Vandenhirtza, E. Velikhovab, B. Verlaatai, 2, I. Vetlitskyac, F. Vezzut, J. P. Viallec, G. Viertelai, D. Vités, H. Von Guntenai, S. Waldmeier Wickiai, W. Wallraffa, B. C. Wangy, J. Z. Wangg, K. Wiikv, C. Williamsj, S. X. Wul, m, P. C. Xiah, S. Xul, J. L. Yang, L. G. Yanh, C. G. Yangi, J. Yangaf, M. Yangi, S. W. Yeu, 3, Z. Z. Xu, H. Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhang, D. X. Zhao, Y. Zhou, G. Y. Zhu, W. Z. Zhu, H. L. Zhuang, A. Zichichi, B. Zimmermann, P. Zuccon, BOELLA, GIULIANO FILIPPO, GERVASI, MASSIMO, Bene, Pierre, Bourquin, Maurice, Cortina Gil, Eduardo, Cristinziani, Markus, Emonet, Pascal Philippe, Extermann, Pierre, Leluc, Catherine, Perrin, Eric, Pohl, Martin, Produit, Nicolas, Rapin, Divic Jean, Ribordy, Mathieu, Richeux, Jean-Pierre, Vite, Davide, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, M. AGUILAR, J. ALCARAZ, J. ALLABY, B. ALPAT, G. AMBROSI, H. ANDERHUB, L. AO, A. AREFIEV, P. AZZARELLO, L. BALDINI, M. BASILE, D. BARANCOURT, F. BARAO, G. BARBIER, G. BARREIRA, R. BATTISTON, R. BECKER, U. BECKER, L. BELLAGAMBA, P. BENE, J. BERDUGO, P. BERGES, B. BERTUCCI, A. BILAND, S. BLASKO, G. BOELLA, M. BOSCHINI, M. BOURQUIN, L. BROCCO, G. BRUNI, M. BUENERD, J.D. BURGER, W.J. BURGER, X.D. CAI, C. CAMPS, P. CANNARSA, M. CAPELL, F. CARDANO, D. CASADEI, J. CASAUS, G. CASTELLINI, Y.H. CHANG, H.F. CHEN, H.S. CHEN, Z.G. CHEN, N.A. CHERNOPLEKOV, T.H. CHIUEH, K. CHO, M.J. CHOI, Y.Y. CHOI, F. CINDOLO, V. COMMICHAU, A. CONTIN, E. CORTINA-GIL, M. CRISTINZIANI, T.S. DAI, C. DELGADO, S. DIFALCO, L. DJAMBAZOV, I. D'ANTONE, Z.R. DONG, P. EMONET, J. ENGELBERG, F.J. EPPLING, T. ERONEN, G. ESPOSITO, P. EXTERMANN, J. FAVIER, E. FIANDRINI, P.H. FISHER, G. FLUEGGE, N. FOUQUE, YU. GALAKTIONOV, H. GAST, M. GERVASI, P. GIUSTI, D. GRANDI, O. GRIMM, W.Q. GU, K. HANGARTER, A. HASAN, V. HERMEL, H. HOFER, W. HUNGERFORD, M. JONGMANNS, K. KARLAMAA, W. KARPINSKI, G. KENNEY, D.H. KIM, G.N. KIM, K.S. KIM, M.Y. KIM, A. KLIMENTOV, R. KOSSAKOWSKI, A. KOUNINE, V. KOUTSENKO, M. KRAEBER, G. LABORIE, T. LAITINEN, G. LAMANNA, E. LANCIOTTI, G. LAURENTI, A. LEBEDEV, C. LECHANOINE-LELUC, M.W.LEE, S.C. LEE, G. LEVI, C.L. LIU, H.T. LIU, G. LU, Y.S. LU, K. LUBELSMEYER, D. LUCKEY, W. LUSTERMANN, C. MANA, A. MARGOTTI, F. MAYET, R.R. MCNEIL, B. MEILLON, M. MENICHELLI, A.MIHUL, A. MUJUNEN, A. OLIVA, J. OLZEM, F. PALMONARI, H.B. PARK, W.H. PARK, M. PAULUZZI, F. PAUSS, E. PERRIN, A. PESCI, A. PEVSNER, F. PILO, M. PIMENTA, V. PLYASKIN, V. POJIDAEV, M. POHL, N. PRODUIT, P.G. RANCOITA, D. RAPIN, F. RAUPACH, D. REN, Z. REN, M. RIBORDY, J.P. RICHEAUX, E. RIIHONEN, J. RITAKARI, S. RO, U. ROESER, C. ROSSIN, R. SAGDEEV, D. SANTOS, G. SARTORELLI, C. SBARRA, S. SCHAEL, A. SCHULTZ VON DRATZIG, G. SCHWERING, E.S. SEO, J.W. SHIN, E. SHOUMILOV, V. SHOUTKO, T. SIEDENBURG, R. SIEDLING, D. SON, T. SONG, F. SPINELLA, M. STEUER, G. S. SUN, H. SUTER, X.W. TANG, SAMUEL C.C. TING, S.M. TING, M. TORNIKOSKI, J. TORSTI, J. TRUEMPER, J. ULBRICHT, S. URPO, E. VALTONEN, J. VANDENHIRTZ, E. VELIKHOV, B. VERLAAT, I. VETLITSKI, F. VEZZU, J.P. VIALLE, G. VIERTEL, D. VITE, H. VON GUNTEN, S. WALDMEIER WICKI, W. WALLRAFF, B.C. WANG, J.Z. WANG, K. WIIK, C. WILLIAMS, S.X. WU, P.C. XIA, S. XU, J.L. YAN, L.G. YAN, C.G. YANG, J. YANG, M. YANG, S.W. YE, Z.Z. XU, H.Y. ZHANG, Z.P. ZHANG, D.X. ZHAO, Y. ZHOU, G.Y.ZHU, W.Z. ZHU, H.L. ZHUANG, A. ZICHICHI, B. ZIMMERMANN, P. ZUCCON, Aguilar, M, Alcaraz, J, Allaby, J, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, L., A, A., A, P., A, L., B, M., B, D., B, F., B, G., B, R., B, U., B, P., B, J., B, B., B, A., B, S., B, Boella, G, Boschini, M, J. D., B, W. J., B, X. D., C, C., C, P., C, M., C, F., C, D., C, J., C, G., C, Y. H., C, H. F., C, H. S., C, Z. G., C, N. A., C, T. H., C, K., C, M. J., C, Y. Y., C, V., C, A., C, E., C, T. S., D, C., D, S., D, L., D, I., D, Z. R., D, P., E, J., E, F. J., E, T., E, G., E, J., F, E., F, P. H., F, G., F, N., F, Galaktionov, Y, H., G, Gervasi, M, P., G, Grandi, D, O., G, W. Q., G, K., H, A., H, V., H, H., H, W., H, M., J, K., K, W., K, G., K, D. H., K, G. N., K, K. S., K, M. Y., K, A., K, R., K, V., K, Ac, M., K, G., L, T., L, E., L, A., L, C., L, M. W., L, S. C., L, C. L., L, H. T., L, Y. S., L, K., L, D., L, W., L, C., M, A., M, F., M, R. R., M, B., M, M., M, A., O, J., O, F., P, H. B., P, W. H., P, M., P, E., P, A., P, W, V., P, N., P, Rancoita, PG D., R, F., R, D., R, Z., R, M., R, J. P., R, E., R, J., R, S., R, U., R, C., R, R., S, D., S, G., S, C., S, S., S, A., S, E. S., S, J. W., S, E., S, V., S, T., S, F., S, M., S, G. S., S, H., S, X. W., T, Samuel C. C., T, S. M., T, M., T, J., T, J., U, S., U, E., V, J., V, B., V, I., V, F., V, J. P., V, G., V, D., V, H., V, S., W, W., W, B. C., W, J. Z., W, K., W, C., W, S. X., W, M, P. C., X, S., X, J. L., Y, L. G., Y, C. G., Y, J., Y, M., Y, S. W., Y, Z. Z., X, H. Y., Z, Z. P., Z, D. X., Z, Y., Z, G. Y., Z, W. Z., Z, H. L., Z, A., Z, B., Z, P., Z, and UCL - SST/IRMP - Institut de recherche en mathématique et physique

Subjects
Raggi cosmici, esperimento AMS, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Photon, Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, ddc:500.2, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Nuclear physics, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Positron, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Bremsstrahlung, Order (ring theory), Cosmic Rays Positrons, AMS experiment, Physics::Accelerator Physics, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

A measurement of the cosmic ray positron fraction e+ / (e+ + e-) in the energy range of 1-30 GeV is presented. The measurement is based on data taken by the AMS-01 experiment during its 10 day Space Shuttle flight in June 1998. A proton background suppression on the order of 106 is reached by identifying converted bremsstrahlung photons emitted from positrons., Physics Letters B, 646 (4), ISSN:0370-2693, ISSN:0031-9163, ISSN:1873-2445

Published
2007
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30. A STUDY OF COSMIC RAY SECONDARIES INDUCED BY THE MIR SPACE STATION USING AMS-01

Author

Aguilar, M, Alcaraz, J, Allaby, J, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, L. Aof, A. Arefievg, P. Azzarellod, E. Babuccic, L. Baldinih, i, M. Basileh, D. Barancourtj, F. Baraok, l, G. Barbierj, G. Barreirak, R. Battistonc, R. Beckeri, U. Beckeri, L. Bellagambah, P. Bénéd, J. Berdugoa, P. Bergesi, B. Bertuccic, A. Bilande, S. Bizzagliac, S. Blaskoc, Boschini, M, M. Bourquind, L. Broccoh, G. Brunih, M. Buénerdj, J. D. Burgeri, W. J. Burgerc, X. D. Caii, C. Campsn, P. Cannarsae, M. Capelli, G. Carosii, D. Casadeih, J. Casausa, G. Castellinio, h, C. Cecchic, Y. H. Changp, H. F. Chenq, H. S. Chenr, Z. G. Chenf, N. A. Chernoplekovs, T. H. Chiuehp, K. Chot, M. J. Choiu, Y. Y. Choiu, Y. L. Chuangv, F. Cindoloh, V. Commichaun, A. Continh, E. Cortina Gild, M. Cristinzianid, J. P. da Cunhaw, T. S. Daii, C. Delgadoa, B. Demirközi, J. D. Deusl, N. Dinuc, 1, L. Djambazove, I. D’Antoneh, Z. R. Dongx, P. Emonetd, J. Engelbergy, F. J. Epplingi, T. Eronenz, G. Espositoc, P. Extermannd, J. Favieraa, E. Fiandrinic, P. H. Fisheri, G. Flueggen, N. Fouqueaa, Y.u. Galaktionovg, P. Giustih, Grandi, D, O. Grimme, W. Q. Gux, K. Hangartern, A. Hasane, R. Henning, V. Hermelaa, H. Hofere, M. A. Huangv, W. Hungerforde, M. Ionicac, R. Ionicac, M. Jongmannse, K. Karlamaay, W. Karpinskiab, G. Kenneye, J. Kennyc, D. H. Kimt, G. N. Kimt, K. S. Kimu, M. Y. Kimu, A. Klimentovi, g, R. Kossakowskiaa, V. Koutsenkoi, M. Kraebere, G. Laboriej, T. Laitinenz, G. Lamannac, E. Lanciottia, G. Laurentih, A. Lebedevi, C. Lechanoine Lelucd, M. W. Leet, S. C. Leev, G. Levih, P. Levtchenkoc, 3, C. L. Liuac, H. T. Liur, I. Lopesw, G. Luf, Y. S. Lur, K. Lübelsmeyerab, D. Luckeyi, W. Lustermanne, C. Mañaa, A. Margottih, F. Mayetj, R. R. McNeilad, B. Meillonj, M. Menichellic, A. Mihulae, B. Monreali, A. Mouraol, A. Mujuneny, F. Palmonarih, A. Papic, H. B. Parkt, W. H. Parkt, M. Pauluzzic, F. Pausse, E. Perrind, A. Pescih, A. Pevsneraf, M. Pimentak, V. Plyasking, V. Pojidaevg, M. Pohld, V. Postolachec, N. Produitd, Rancoita, PG, D. Rapind, F. Raupachab, D. Rene, Z. Renv, M. Ribordyd, J. P. Richeuxd, E. Riihonenz, J. Ritakariy, S. Rot, U. Roesere, C. Rossinj, R. Sagdeevag, D. Santosj, G. Sartorellih, C. Sbarrah, S. Schaelab, A. Schultz von Dratzigab, G. Schweringab, G. Scolieric, E. S. Seoag, J. W. Shint, E. Shoumilovg, V. Shoutkoi, R. Siedlingab, D. Sont, T. Songx, M. Steueri, G. S. Sunx, H. Sutere, X. W. Tangr, Samuel C. C. Tingi, S. M. Tingi, M. Tornikoskiy, J. Torstiz, J. Trümperah, J. Ulbrichte, S. Urpoy, E. Valtonenz, J. Vandenhirtzab, F. Velceac, E. Velikhovs, B. Verlaate, 4, I. Vetlitskyg, F. Vezzuj, J. P. Vialleaa, G. Viertele, D. Vitéd, H. Von Guntene, S. Waldmeier Wickie, W. Wallraffab, B. C. Wangac, J. Z. Wangf, Y. H. Wangv, K. Wiiky, C. Williamsh, S. X. Wui, p, P. C. Xiax, J. L. Yanf, L. G. Yanx, C. G. Yangr, J. Yangu, M. Yangr, S. W. Yeq, 5, P. Yehv, Z. Z. Xuq, H. Y. Zhangai, Z. P. Zhangq, D. X. Zhaox, G. Y. Zhur, W. Z. Zhuf, H. L. Zhuangr, A. Zichichih, B. Zimmermann, P. Zuccon, BOELLA, GIULIANO FILIPPO, GERVASI, MASSIMO, M. AGUILAR, J. ALCARAZ, J. ALLABY, B. ALPAT, G. AMBROSI, H. ANDERHUB, L. AO, A. AREFIEV, P. AZZARELLO, E. BABUCCI, L. BALDINI, M. BASILE, D. BARANCOURT, F. BARAO, G. BARBIER, G. BARREIRA, R. BATTISTON, R. BECKER, U. BECKER, L. BELLAGAMBA, P. BENE, J. BERDUGO, P. BERGES, B. BERTUCCI, A. BILAND, S. BIZZAGLIA, S. BLASKO, G. BOELLA, M. BOSCHINI, M. BOURQUIN, L. BROCCO, G. BRUNI, M. BUENERD, J.D. BURGER, W.J. BURGER, X.D. CAI, C. CAMPS, P. CANNARSA, M. CAPELL, G. CAROSI, D. CASADEI, J. CASAUS, G. CASTELLINI, C. CECCHI, Y.H. CHANG, H.F. CHEN, H.S. CHEN, Z.G. CHEN, N.A. CHERNOPLEKOV, T.H. CHIUEH, K. CHO, M.J. CHOI, Y.Y. CHOI, Y.L. CHUANG, F. CINDOLO, V. COMMICHAU, A. CONTIN, E. CORTINA-GIL, M. CRISTINZIANI, J.P. DA CUNHA, T.S. DAI, C. DELGADO, B. DEMIRKOEZ, J.D. DEUS, N. DINU, L. DJAMBAZOV, I. D'ANTONE, Z.R. DONG, P. EMONET, J. ENGELBERG, F.J. EPPLING, T. ERONEN, G. ESPOSITO, P. EXTERMANN, J. FAVIER, E. FIANDRINI, P.H. FISHER, G. FLUEGGE, N. FOUQUE, YU. GALAKTIONOV, M. GERVASI, P. GIUSTI, D. GRANDI, O. GRIMM, W.Q. GU, K. HANGARTER, H. HASAN, R. HENNING, V. HERMEL, H. HOFER, M.A. HUANG, W. HUNGERFORD, M. IONICA, R. IONICA, M. JONGMANNS, K. KARLAMAA, W. KARPINSKI, G. KENNEY, J. KENNY, D.H. KIM, G.N. KIM, K.S. KIM, M.Y. KIM, A. KLIMENTOV, R. KOSSAKOWSKI, V. KOUTSENKO, M. KRAEBER, G. LABORIE, T. LAITINEN, G. LAMANNA, E. LANCIOTTI, G. LAURENTI, A. LEBEDEV, C. LECHANOINE-LELUC, M.W.LEE, S.C. LEE, G. LEVI, P. LEVTCHENKO, C.L. LIU, H.T. LIU, I. LOPES, G. LU, Y.S. LU, K. LUBELSMEYER, D. LUCKEY, W. LUSTERMANN, C. MANA, A. MARGOTTI, F. MAYET, R.R. MCNEIL, B. MEILLON, M. MENICHELLI, A. MIHUL, B. MONREAL, A. MOURAO, A. MUJUNEN, F. PALMONARI, A. PAPI, H.B. PARK, W.H. PARK, M. PAULUZZI, F. PAUSS, E. PERRIN, A. PESCI, A. PEVSNER, M. PIMENTA, V. PLYASKIN, V. POJIDAEV, M. POHL, V. POSTOLACHE, N. PRODUIT, P.G. RANCOITA, D. RAPIN, F. RAUPACH, D. REN, Z. REN, M. RIBORDY, J.P. RICHEAUX, E. RIIHONEN, J. RITAKARI, S. RO, U. ROESER, C. ROSSIN, R. SAGDEEV, D. SANTOS, G. SARTORELLI, C. SBARRA, S. SCHAEL, A. SCHULTZ VON DRATZIG, G. SCHWERING, G. SCOLIERI, E.S. SEO, J.W. SHIN, E. SHOUMILOV, V. SHOUTKO, R. SIEDLING, D. SON, T. SONG, M. STEUER, G. S. SUN, H. SUTER, X.W. TANG, SAMUEL C.C. TING, S.M. TING, M. TORNIKOSKI, J. TORSTI, J. TRUEMPER, J. ULBRICHT, S. URPO, E. VALTONEN, J. VANDENHIRTZ, F. VELCEA, E. VELIKHOV, B. VERLAAT, I. VETLITSKI, F. VEZZU, J.P. VIALLE, G. VIERTEL, D. VITE, H. VON GUNTEN, S. WALDMEIER WICKI, W. WALLRAFF, B.C. WANG, J.Z. WANG, Y.H. WANG, K. WIIK, C. WILLIAMS, S.X. WU, P.C. XIA, J.L. YAN, L.G. YAN, C.G. YANG, J. YANG, M. YANG, S.W. YE, P. YEH, Z.Z. XU, H.Y. ZHANG, Z.P. ZHANG, D.X. ZHAO, G.Y. ZHU, W.Z. ZHU, H.L. ZHUANG, A. ZICHICHI, B. ZIMMERMANN, P. ZUCCON, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain6, UCL - SST/IRMP - Institut de recherche en mathématique et physique, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Azzarello, Philipp, Bene, Pierre, Bourquin, Maurice, Cortina Gil, Eduardo, Cristinziani, Markus, Emonet, Pascal Philippe, Leluc, Catherine, Perrin, Eric, Pohl, Martin, Produit, Nicolas, Rapin, Divic Jean, Ribordy, Mathieu, Richeux, Jean-Pierre, Vite, Davide, Aguilar, M, Alcaraz, J, Allaby, J, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Anderhub, H, L., A, A., A, P., A, E., B, L., B, I, M., B, D., B, F., B, L, G., B, R., B, U., B, P., B, J., B, B., B, A., B, S., B, Boella, G, Boschini, M, J. D., B, W. J., B, X. D., C, C., C, P., C, M., C, G., C, D., C, J., C, H, Y. H., C, H. F., C, H. S., C, Z. G., C, N. A., C, T. H., C, K., C, M. J., C, Y. Y., C, Y. L., C, F., C, V., C, A., C, E., C, J. P., D, T. S., D, C., D, B., D, J. D., D, N., D, L., D, I., D, Z. R., D, P., E, J., E, F. J., E, T., E, G., E, J., F, E., F, P. H., F, G., F, N., F, Galaktionovg, Y, Gervasi, M, P., G, Grandi, D, O., G, W. Q., G, K., H, A., H, R., H, V., H, H., H, M. A., H, W., H, M., I, R., I, M., J, K., K, W., K, G., K, J., K, D. H., K, G. N., K, K. S., K, M. Y., K, A., K, G, R., K, V., K, M., K, G., L, T., L, E., L, A., L, C., L, M. W., L, S. C., L, P., L, C. L., L, H. T., L, I., L, Y. S., L, K., L, D., L, W., L, C., M, A., M, F., M, R. R., M, B., M, M., M, F., P, A., P, H. B., P, W. H., P, M., P, E., P, V., P, N., P, Rancoita, P, D., R, F., R, Z., R, M., R, J. P., R, E., R, J., R, S., R, U., R, C., R, R., S, D., S, G., S, C., S, S., S, A., S, E. S., S, J. W., S, E., S, V., S, T., S, M., S, G. 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Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, FIS/06 - FISICA PER IL SISTEMA TERRA E PER IL MEZZO CIRCUMTERRESTRE, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, satellite, interaction, Space Shuttle, Cosmic ray, Field of view, Astrophysics, ddc:500.2, 01 natural sciences, pi, High Energy Physics - Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, cosmic rays, primary, 0103 physical sciences, International Space Station, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], AMS, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Cosmic rays, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, space shuttle, Space shuttle, Astronomy, Mir, magnetic spectrometer, Cosmic rays, Spallation, AMS, Mir, Space shuttle, spallation, flux, Energy particle, 13.85.Tp, 25.40.Sc, 29.30.Aj, 95.55.Vj, 95.85.Ry, cosmic radiation, muon, ams, 13. Climate action, Muon flux, Spallation, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a high energy particle physics experiment that will study cosmic rays in the $\sim 100 \mathrm{MeV}$ to $1 \mathrm{TeV}$ range and will be installed on the International Space Station (ISS) for at least 3 years. A first version of AMS-02, AMS-01, flew aboard the space shuttle \emph{Discovery} from June 2 to June 12, 1998, and collected $10^8$ cosmic ray triggers. Part of the \emph{Mir} space station was within the AMS-01 field of view during the four day \emph{Mir} docking phase of this flight. We have reconstructed an image of this part of the \emph{Mir} space station using secondary $\pi^-$ and $\mu^-$ emissions from primary cosmic rays interacting with \emph{Mir}. This is the first time this reconstruction was performed in AMS-01, and it is important for understanding potential backgrounds during the 3 year AMS-02 mission., Comment: To be submitted to NIM B Added material requested by referee. Minor stylistic and grammer changes

Published
2004
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