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One of the main conditions for cultivating grain crops is the production of high yields of high quality grain. However, even well-formed healthy-looking seed are not always of good quality. Wheat grain infestation with mycoflora occurs at different times, e.g. in the period of vegetation, during harvesting, especially in conditions of high humidity, during threshing, during storage of seeds with high humidity. Mycoflora on the seeds can be saprophytic (penicillas, mucor, alternaria, aspergillas, etc.) and pathogenic (helminthiosporium, fusariosis, septoriosis, etc.). The purpose of our research was to study the level of winter wheat infestation with pathogenic microorganisms, to determine their species composition and to investigate whether the level of grain infestation affects protein and gluten content. The species composition of the epiphytic mycoflora of winter wheat grain during the harvesting period and its influence on the food quality of grain are studied, measures are taken to limit its harmfulness.

Purpose. To investigate and analyze the content of the essential nutrients, different carbohydrate fractions and nutritional value of green mass and prepared alfalfa hay of different harvests Methods. There were used Keldal’s method to determine crude protein content, Henneberg and Stoman’s method to determine crude gluten content, extraction method to determine crude fat content, the method of dry ashing to determine crude ash content, to investigate the content of the essential nutrients and nutritional value of alfalfa green mass of different harvests and the hay produced from it. The polarimetric method was been used to determine the content of starch and sugar and study the composition of the carbohydrate-lignin complex of alfalfa green mass and hay. Indices of neutral-detergent and acid-detergent gluten were determined according to the detergent analysis scheme. Results. Alfalfa green mass has its specific characteristics, but weather conditions have a significant effect on the content and ratio of structural carbohydrates. As a rule, the first harvesting is conducted in the budding phase in the first decade of May, the second one in the second decade of June, and the third one in the second decade of July. The latter tends to increase sugar content and the amount of easily soluble carbohydrates, and the content of hemicellulose reduces by 20—40 %. The fourth harvesting is carried out in the second decade of August and its green mass has fewer easily soluble carbohydrates, especially starch and the highest content of cellulose and lignin. Crude protein content in it is 18.97 % less and the index of crude and neutral detergent gluten content is higher on average by 20 %. Indices of non-nitrogen-extractive substances and nonstructural carbohydrates are, on the contrary, lower by 3—7 and 5—10 %, respectively. As for inorganic substances and lipids, their content is practically the same. Nutritional value is expressed in feed units on the same level in alfalfa green mass of the first three harvests and the fourth one is lower by 3—5 %. The exchange energy is also the lowest in the green mass of the fourth harvest on average by 3.7 %. Drying of alfalfa green mass in accordance with the technology provides high quality, nutrient-rich hay in which crude protein content is lower, compared with the green mass recalculated into absolute dry matter, and indicators that characterize structural carbohydrates are, on the contrary, higher.

Purpose. Substantiation of expediency of taking into account indicators of quality, safety of feed and feed raw materials during animal feeding, development of structure of rations and compound feed products. Methods. During determination of the quality and safety indicators, measurement methods, developed, improved and adapted at the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillya of NAAS and methodological approaches used in international practice and established by current regulations and standards, were used. Results. Taking into account the detailed chemical composition of feed ensures efficient use of feed, balanced diets, obtaining biologically complete livestock products. For proper protein nutrition of animals not only the crude protein content, but also the protein content, composition and ratio of amino acids in it, the content of soluble and fissile protein, the amount of total, protein and non-protein nitrogen, neutral-detergent and acid-detergent insoluble should be taken into account. In order to ensure adequate carbohydrate nutrition of animals, it is necessary to take into account the content of: nitrogen-free extractives; non-structural carbohydrates (starch, sugar, pectin, glycogen); crude fiber; neutral-detergent fiber; acid-detergent fiber; structural carbohydrates (hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin). The balance of lipid nutrition is associated with the content of crude fat, unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, etc.), acid and peroxide levels of fat. Conclusions. Determining the detailed chemical composition of feed will provide the animal with the necessary nutrients, rational use of available feed resources, realize the genetic potential of productivity and maintain animal health.