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3. Microclimate, an important part of ecology and biogeography

Author

Kemppinen, Julia, primary, Lembrechts, Jonas J., additional, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, additional, Carnicer, Jofre, additional, Chardon, Nathalie Isabelle, additional, Kardol, Paul, additional, Lenoir, Jonathan, additional, Liu, Daijun, additional, Maclean, Ilya, additional, Pergl, Jan, additional, Saccone, Patrick, additional, Senior, Rebecca A., additional, Shen, Ting, additional, Słowińska, Sandra, additional, Vandvik, Vigdis, additional, von Oppen, Jonathan, additional, Aalto, Juha, additional, Ayalew, Biruk, additional, Bates, Olivia, additional, Bertelsmeier, Cleo, additional, Bertrand, Romain, additional, Beugnon, Rémy, additional, Borderieux, Jeremy, additional, Brůna, Josef, additional, Buckley, Lauren, additional, Bujan, Jelena, additional, Casanova‐Katny, Angelica, additional, Christiansen, Ditte Marie, additional, Collart, Flavien, additional, De Lombaerde, Emiel, additional, De Pauw, Karen, additional, Depauw, Leen, additional, Di Musciano, Michele, additional, Díaz Borrego, Raquel, additional, Díaz‐Calafat, Joan, additional, Ellis‐Soto, Diego, additional, Esteban, Raquel, additional, de Jong, Geerte Fälthammar, additional, Gallois, Elise, additional, Garcia, Maria Begoña, additional, Gillerot, Loïc, additional, Greiser, Caroline, additional, Gril, Eva, additional, Haesen, Stef, additional, Hampe, Arndt, additional, Hedwall, Per‐Ola, additional, Hes, Gabriel, additional, Hespanhol, Helena, additional, Hoffrén, Raúl, additional, Hylander, Kristoffer, additional, Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja, additional, Jucker, Tommaso, additional, Klinges, David, additional, Kolstela, Joonas, additional, Kopecký, Martin, additional, Kovács, Bence, additional, Maeda, Eduardo Eiji, additional, Máliš, František, additional, Man, Matěj, additional, Mathiak, Corrie, additional, Meineri, Eric, additional, Naujokaitis‐Lewis, Ilona, additional, Nijs, Ivan, additional, Normand, Signe, additional, Nuñez, Martin, additional, Orczewska, Anna, additional, Peña‐Aguilera, Pablo, additional, Pincebourde, Sylvain, additional, Plichta, Roman, additional, Quick, Susan, additional, Renault, David, additional, Ricci, Lorenzo, additional, Rissanen, Tuuli, additional, Segura‐Hernández, Laura, additional, Selvi, Federico, additional, Serra‐Diaz, Josep M., additional, Soifer, Lydia, additional, Spicher, Fabien, additional, Svenning, Jens‐Christian, additional, Tamian, Anouch, additional, Thomaes, Arno, additional, Thoonen, Marijke, additional, Trew, Brittany, additional, Van de Vondel, Stijn, additional, van den Brink, Liesbeth, additional, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, Verdonck, Sanne, additional, Vitkova, Michaela, additional, Vives‐Ingla, Maria, additional, von Schmalensee, Loke, additional, Wang, Runxi, additional, Wild, Jan, additional, Williamson, Joseph, additional, Zellweger, Florian, additional, Zhou, Xiaqu, additional, Zuza, Emmanuel Junior, additional, and De Frenne, Pieter, additional

Published
2024
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4. Microclimate, an important part of ecology and biogeography

Author

Kemppinen, Julia, Lembrechts, Jonas J., Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Carnicer, Jofre, Chardon, Nathalie Isabelle, Kardol, Paul, Lenoir, Jonathan, Liu, Daijun, Maclean, Ilya, Pergl, Jan, Saccone, Patrick, Senior, Rebecca A., Shen, Ting, Słowińska, Sandra, Vandvik, Vigdis, von Oppen, Jonathan, Aalto, Juha, Ayalew, Biruk, Bates, Olivia, Bertelsmeier, Cleo, Bertrand, Romain, Beugnon, Rémy, Borderieux, Jeremy, Brůna, Josef, Buckley, Lauren, Bujan, Jelena, Casanova-Katny, Angelica, Christiansen, Ditte Marie, Collart, Flavien, De Lombaerde, Emiel, De Pauw, Karen, Depauw, Leen, Di Musciano, Michele, Díaz Borrego, Raquel, Díaz-Calafat, Joan, Ellis-Soto, Diego, Esteban, Raquel, de Jong, Geerte Fälthammar, Gallois, Elise, Garcia, Maria Begoña, Gillerot, Loïc, Greiser, Caroline, Gril, Eva, Haesen, Stef, Hampe, Arndt, Hedwall, Per Ola, Hes, Gabriel, Hespanhol, Helena, Hoffrén, Raúl, Hylander, Kristoffer, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Jucker, Tommaso, Klinges, David, Kolstela, Joonas, Kopecký, Martin, Kovács, Bence, Maeda, Eduardo Eiji, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Mathiak, Corrie, Meineri, Eric, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Nijs, Ivan, Normand, Signe, Nuñez, Martin, Orczewska, Anna, Peña-Aguilera, Pablo, Pincebourde, Sylvain, Plichta, Roman, Quick, Susan, Renault, David, Ricci, Lorenzo, Rissanen, Tuuli, Segura-Hernández, Laura, Selvi, Federico, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Soifer, Lydia, Spicher, Fabien, Svenning, Jens Christian, Tamian, Anouch, Thomaes, Arno, Thoonen, Marijke, Trew, Brittany, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Verdonck, Sanne, Vitkova, Michaela, Vives-Ingla, Maria, von Schmalensee, Loke, Wang, Runxi, Wild, Jan, Williamson, Joseph, Zellweger, Florian, Zhou, Xiaqu, Zuza, Emmanuel Junior, De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Lembrechts, Jonas J., Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Carnicer, Jofre, Chardon, Nathalie Isabelle, Kardol, Paul, Lenoir, Jonathan, Liu, Daijun, Maclean, Ilya, Pergl, Jan, Saccone, Patrick, Senior, Rebecca A., Shen, Ting, Słowińska, Sandra, Vandvik, Vigdis, von Oppen, Jonathan, Aalto, Juha, Ayalew, Biruk, Bates, Olivia, Bertelsmeier, Cleo, Bertrand, Romain, Beugnon, Rémy, Borderieux, Jeremy, Brůna, Josef, Buckley, Lauren, Bujan, Jelena, Casanova-Katny, Angelica, Christiansen, Ditte Marie, Collart, Flavien, De Lombaerde, Emiel, De Pauw, Karen, Depauw, Leen, Di Musciano, Michele, Díaz Borrego, Raquel, Díaz-Calafat, Joan, Ellis-Soto, Diego, Esteban, Raquel, de Jong, Geerte Fälthammar, Gallois, Elise, Garcia, Maria Begoña, Gillerot, Loïc, Greiser, Caroline, Gril, Eva, Haesen, Stef, Hampe, Arndt, Hedwall, Per Ola, Hes, Gabriel, Hespanhol, Helena, Hoffrén, Raúl, Hylander, Kristoffer, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Jucker, Tommaso, Klinges, David, Kolstela, Joonas, Kopecký, Martin, Kovács, Bence, Maeda, Eduardo Eiji, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Mathiak, Corrie, Meineri, Eric, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Nijs, Ivan, Normand, Signe, Nuñez, Martin, Orczewska, Anna, Peña-Aguilera, Pablo, Pincebourde, Sylvain, Plichta, Roman, Quick, Susan, Renault, David, Ricci, Lorenzo, Rissanen, Tuuli, Segura-Hernández, Laura, Selvi, Federico, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Soifer, Lydia, Spicher, Fabien, Svenning, Jens Christian, Tamian, Anouch, Thomaes, Arno, Thoonen, Marijke, Trew, Brittany, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Verdonck, Sanne, Vitkova, Michaela, Vives-Ingla, Maria, von Schmalensee, Loke, Wang, Runxi, Wild, Jan, Williamson, Joseph, Zellweger, Florian, Zhou, Xiaqu, Zuza, Emmanuel Junior, and De Frenne, Pieter

Abstract

Brief introduction: What are microclimates and why are they important?: Microclimate science has developed into a global discipline. Microclimate science is increasingly used to understand and mitigate climate and biodiversity shifts. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of microclimate ecology and biogeography in terrestrial ecosystems, and where this field is heading next. Microclimate investigations in ecology and biogeography: We highlight the latest research on interactions between microclimates and organisms, including how microclimates influence individuals, and through them populations, communities and entire ecosystems and their processes. We also briefly discuss recent research on how organisms shape microclimates from the tropics to the poles. Microclimate applications in ecosystem management: Microclimates are also important in ecosystem management under climate change. We showcase new research in microclimate management with examples from biodiversity conservation, forestry and urban ecology. We discuss the importance of microrefugia in conservation and how to promote microclimate heterogeneity. Methods for microclimate science: We showcase the recent advances in data acquisition, such as novel field sensors and remote sensing methods. We discuss microclimate modelling, mapping and data processing, including accessibility of modelling tools, advantages of mechanistic and statistical modelling and solutions for computational challenges that have pushed the state-of-the-art of the field. What's next?: We identify major knowledge gaps that need to be filled for further advancing microclimate investigations, applications and methods. These gaps include spatiotemporal scaling of microclimate data, mismatches between macroclimate and microclimate in predicting responses of organisms to climate change, and the need for more evidence on the outcomes of microclimate management.

Published
2024

5. Human impacts on environment in the preindustrial forest landscapes in Poland—An overview

Author

Słowiński, Michał, primary, Związek, Tomasz, additional, Swoboda, Paweł, additional, Niedzielski, Michał A., additional, Słowińska, Sandra, additional, Konopski, Michał, additional, Jonczak, Jerzy, additional, Kruczkowska, Bogusława, additional, Chojnacka, Aleksandra, additional, Róg, Dominik, additional, Szewczyk, Krzysztof, additional, and Brykała, Dariusz, additional

Published
2024
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7. Microclimate, an inseparable part of ecology and biogeography

Author

Kemppinen, Julia, Lembrechts, Jonas J, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Carnicer, Jofre, Chardon, Nathalie Isabelle, Kardol, Paul, Lenoir, Jonathan, Liu, Daijun, Maclean, Ilya, Pergl, Jan, Saccone, Patrick, Senior, Rebecca A., Shen, Ting, Słowińska, Sandra, Vandvik, Vigdis, von Oppen, Jonathan, Aalto, Juha, Ayalew, Biruk, Bates, Olivia, Bertelsmeier, Cleo, Bertrand, Romain, Beugnon, Rémy, Borderieux, Jeremy, Brůna, Josef, Buckley, Lauren, Bujan, Jelena, Casanova-Katny, Angelica, Christiansen, Ditte Marie, Collart, Flavien, De Lombaerde, Emiel, De Pauw, Karen, Depauw, Leen, Di Musciano, Michele, Díaz Borrego, Raquel, Díaz-Calafat, Joan, Ellis-Soto, Diego, Esteban, Raquel, Fälthammar de Jong, Geerte, Gallois, Elise, Garcia, Maria Begoña, Gillerot, Loïc, Greiser, Caroline, Gril, Eva, Haesen, Stef, Hampe, Arndt, Hedwall, Per-Ola, Hes, Gabriel, Hespanhol, Helena, Hoffrén, Raúl, Hylander, Kristoffer, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Jucker, Tommaso, Klinges, David, Kolstela, Joonas, Kopecký, Martin, Kovács, Bence, Maeda, Eduardo Eiji, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Mathiak, Corrie, Meineri, Eric, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Nijs, Ivan, Normand, Signe, Nuñez, Martin, Orczewska, Anna, Peña-Aguilera, Pablo, Pincebourde, Sylvain, Plichta, Roman, Quick, Susan, Renault, David, Ricci, Lorenzo, Rissanen, Tuuli, Segura-Hernández, Laura, Selvi, Federico, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Soifer, Lydia, Spicher, Fabien, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Tamian, Anouch, Thomaes, Arno, Thoonen, Marijke, Trew, Brittany, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Verdonck, Sanne, Vitkova, Michaela, Vives-Ingla, Maria, von Schmalensee, Loke, Wang, Runxi, Wild, Jan, Williamson, Joseph, Zellweger, Florian, Zhou, Xiaqu, Zuza, Emmanuel Junior, and De Frenne, Pieter

Abstract

Microclimate science has developed into a global discipline. Microclimate science is increasingly used to understand and mitigate climate and biodiversity shifts. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of microclimate ecology and biogeography, and where this field is heading next. We showcase the recent advances in data acquisition, such as novel field sensors and remote sensing methods. We discuss microclimate modelling, mapping, and data processing, including accessibility of modelling tools, advantages of mechanistic and statistical modelling, and solutions for computational challenges that have pushed the state-of-the-art of the field. We highlight the latest research on interactions between microclimate and organisms, including how microclimate influences individuals, and through them populations, communities, and entire ecosystems and their processes. We also briefly discuss recent research on how organisms shape microclimate from the tropics to the poles. Microclimates are also important in ecosystem management under climate change. We showcase new research in microclimate management with examples from biodiversity conservation, forestry, and urban ecology. We discuss the importance of microrefugia in conservation and how to promote microclimate heterogeneity. We identify major knowledge gaps that need to be filled for further advancing microclimate methods, investigations, and applications. These gaps include spatiotemporal scaling of microclimate data, mismatches between macroclimate and microclimate in predicting responses of organisms to climate change, and the need for more evidence on the outcomes of microclimate management. Biosketch The authors are participants of the Microclimate Ecology and Biogeography conference held in Antwerp, Belgium in 2022. Together they collaboratively wrote this perspective paper that brings together 97 experts and their views on the recent advancements and knowledge gaps in terrestrial microclimate. The paper was coordinated by Julia Kemppinen, Jonas Lembrechts, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, and Pieter De Frenne, and writing different sections was led by Jofre Carnicer, Nathalie Chardon, Paul Kardol, Jonathan Lenoir, Daijun Liu, Ilya Maclean, Jan Pergl, Patrick Saccone, Rebecca Senior, Ting Shen, Sandra Słowińska, Vigdis Vandvik, and Jonathan von Oppen. For more details on authors statistics and how the work was organised, please see Supplementary information Figures S1-3.

Published
2023
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9. A novel multiproxy approach to detect the impact of charcoal production on the natural environment in NW Poland – project concept and preliminary results

Author

Ważny, Tomasz, primary, Szewczyk, Krzysztof, additional, Łuców, Dominika, additional, Róg, Dominik, additional, Słowiński, Michał, additional, Konopski, Michał, additional, Kruczkowska, Bogusława, additional, Jonczak, Jerzy, additional, Gmińska-Nowak, Barbara, additional, Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka Maria, additional, Kołaczkowska, Ewa, additional, Tyszkowski, Sebastian, additional, Swoboda, Paweł, additional, Chojnacka, Aleksandra, additional, Brykała, Dariusz, additional, Kowalska, Anna, additional, Barbarino, Vincenzo, additional, Kardasz, Cezary, additional, Niedzielski, Michał, additional, Halaś, Agnieszka, additional, Kramkowski, Mateusz, additional, Związek, Tomasz, additional, Słowińska, Sandra, additional, Mroczkowska, Agnieszka, additional, and Obremska, Milena, additional

Published
2022
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10. Effects of experimental warming on Betula nana epidermal cell growth tested over its maximum climatological growth range

Author

Ercan, Fabian, Wagner - Cremer, Friederike, Blok, Daan, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Słowiński, Michał, Słowińska, Sandra, Vainio, Elina, Myller, Kristiina, Silfver, Tarja, Mikola, Juha, Ercan, Fabian, Wagner - Cremer, Friederike, Blok, Daan, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Słowiński, Michał, Słowińska, Sandra, Vainio, Elina, Myller, Kristiina, Silfver, Tarja, and Mikola, Juha

Abstract

Numerous long-term, free-air plant growth facilities currently explore vegetation responses to the ongoing climate change in northern latitudes. Open top chamber (OTC) experiments as well as the experimental set-ups with active warming focus on many facets of plant growth and performance, but information on morphological alterations of plant cells is still scarce. Here we compare the effects of in-situ warming on leaf epidermal cell expansion in dwarf birch, Betula nana in Finland, Greenland, and Poland. The localities of the three in- situ warming experiments represent contrasting regions of B. nana distribution, with the sites in Finland and Greenland representing the current main distribution in low and high Arctic, respectively, and the continental site in Poland as a B. nana relict Holocene microre- fugium. We quantified the epidermal cell lateral expansion by microscopic analysis of B. nana leaf cuticles. The leaves were produced in paired experimental treatment plots with either artificial warming or ambient temperature. At all localities, the leaves were collected in two years at the end of the growing season to facilitate between-site and within-site compari- son. The measured parameters included the epidermal cell area and circumference, and using these, the degree of cell wall undulation was calculated as an Undulation Index (UI). We found enhanced leaf epidermal cell expansion under experimental warming, except for the extremely low temperature Greenland site where no significant difference occurred between the treatments. These results demonstrate a strong response of leaf growth at indi- vidual cell level to growing season temperature, but also suggest that in harsh conditions other environmental factors may limit this response. Our results provide evidence of the rel- evance of climate warming for plant leaf maturation and underpin the importance of studies covering large geographical scales.

Published
2021

11. Effects of experimental warming on Betula nana epidermal cell growth tested over its maximum climatological growth range

Author

Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Dep Fysische Geografie, Palaeo-ecologie, Ercan, Fabian, Wagner - Cremer, Friederike, Blok, Daan, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Słowiński, Michał, Słowińska, Sandra, Vainio, Elina, Myller, Kristiina, Silfver, Tarja, Mikola, Juha, Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Dep Fysische Geografie, Palaeo-ecologie, Ercan, Fabian, Wagner - Cremer, Friederike, Blok, Daan, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Słowiński, Michał, Słowińska, Sandra, Vainio, Elina, Myller, Kristiina, Silfver, Tarja, and Mikola, Juha

Published
2021

13. A NOVEL MULTIPROXY APPROACH TO DETECT THE IMPACT OF CHARCOAL PRODUCTION ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT IN NW POLAND - PROJECT CONCEPT AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS.

Author

Słowiński, Michał, Szewczyk, Krzysztof, Jonczak, Jerzy, Związek, Tomasz, Łuców, Dominika, Halaś, Agnieszka, Obremska, Milena, Słowińska, Sandra, Róg, Dominik, Mroczkowska, Agnieszka, Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka Maria, Chojnacka, Aleksandra, Ważny, Tomasz, Gmińska-Nowak, Barbara, Kramkowski, Mateusz, Barbarino, Vincenzo, Tyszkowski, Sebastian, Kruczkowska, Bogusława, Kowalska, Anna, and Kołaczkowska, Ewa

Subjects
LIDAR, CHARCOAL industry, TOPOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis, PALEOECOLOGY
Abstract

Agriculture has been the major driver of deforestation in Europe in the last 1000 years. In the past, forests were also exploited for charcoal production; however, the spatial scale/extent of this activity and its impact are unknown. LIDAR data can be used as a noninvasive tool to investigate the small-scale diversity of the land relief, including forested areas. These data can reveal the extent anthropogenic modifications of topography present-day as well as in the past. One of the activities that can be analyzed based on LIDAR data is spatial distribution of charcoal production. A preliminary LIDAR data analysis indicated the intensity of this practice and its potential impact on the natural environment. This prompted us to analyze the environmental impact of charcoal hearths in northern Poland. As it turned out, this topic exceeded the scope of earth sciences and became a transdisciplinary one. In this work, we will use the research methods typical of biogeography, dendroecology, paleoecology, soil science, biology, botany, history, onomastics, as well as art history, in order to thoroughly understand not only the natural consequences but also the social and economic consequences of charcoal production. This paper presents the assumptions of our project, the research methodology, and the preliminary results. We have identified using LIDAR data more than 73 thousand relief forms which can be remnants of charcoal hearths. Our preliminary results confirmed large scale impact of past human activity related to charcoal production and suitability of the methods used for detecting and reconstructing charcoal hearths as well as determining the distribution and magnitude of past forest use for charcoal production in NW Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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16. Predator–prey mass ratio drives microbial activity under dry conditions in Sphagnum peatlands

Author

Reczuga, Monika K., primary, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, additional, Mulot, Matthieu, additional, Mitchell, Edward A. D., additional, Buttler, Alexandre, additional, Chojnicki, Bogdan, additional, Słowiński, Michał, additional, Binet, Philippe, additional, Chiapusio, Geneviève, additional, Gilbert, Daniel, additional, Słowińska, Sandra, additional, and Jassey, Vincent E. J., additional

Published
2018
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17. Long-term monitoring – a key to understanding peatland ecosystems in a changing climate.

Author

Słowińska, Sandra, Marcisz, Katarzyna, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Błażejczyk, Krzysztof, and Słowiński, Michał

Subjects
*WATER table, *CLIMATE change, *ATMOSPHERIC temperature, *GROUNDWATER monitoring, *SNOW cover, *CLIMATE change research
Abstract

The response of ecosystems to predicted climate change can be empirically estimated by experimental research, as well as by long-term monitoring. Peatlands are an example of very valuable ecosystems which need special attention in the face of the climate change challenges. The position of the groundwater table plays a crucial role in peatland functioning, affecting rates of peat accumulation and organic matter decomposition, as well as biochemical processes that regulate greenhouse gases cycling. In the case of ombrogenic and topogenic peatlands, interannual and seasonal changes in precipitation and thermal conditions are reflected very accurately in the fluctuations of the groundwater table. Unfavourable meteorological conditions (prolonged drought, thin snow cover in high latitudes) within several years may cause tree encroachment, which in turn can affect the peatland ecosystem by further lowering the water table and by changes in microclimatic and surface conditions. Our ten-years study of the groundwater table fluctuations and local climate of poor fen (ca. 6.0 ha) in northern Poland, shows, that 2-3-year-old layout of unfavourable hydrometeorological conditions is sufficient to peatland started to overgrow. We have also examined the differences in microclimates and species composition of testate amoeba between open and shaded (by trees) plots. The results of the study from the growing season 2012 showed that open plots were characterized by higher air temperature, despite often lower values of minimum temperature and increased vapour pressure deficit, what caused more frequent drying of surface moss layer. The cumulative value of growing degree days (GDD) showed that the coldest places were the shaded ones, what is an important message in the context of climate change refugia. Also, we have observed differences in dewfall occurrence, what has a significant contribution to the formation of microhabitat conditions. Nowadays, basic monitoring of groundwater table position and local climate should be done along with other studies to fully understand the functioning of those ecosystems in a changing climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

18. Ecohydrological Changes and Resilience of a Shallow Lake Ecosystem under Intense Human Pressure and Recent Climate Change.

Author

Bartczak, Arkadiusz, Słowińska, Sandra, Tyszkowski, Sebastian, Kramkowski, Mateusz, Kaczmarek, Halina, Kordowski, Jarosław, and Słowiński, Michał

Subjects
WATER quality, WATER supply, BIODIVERSITY, WETLANDS, CLIMATE change
Abstract

In this work we present the complicated situation of a faunistically and floristically valuable ecosystem of the Rakutowskie Lake wetlands complex, which is part of the Special Protection Area for Birds of "Błota Rakutowskie" (PLB40001) and "Błota Kłócieńskie" Habitats Directive Sites (PLH040031) included in the Natura 2000 network. Numerous ornithological observations have drawn our attention to the problem of rapidly progressing overgrowth of the lake and significant fluctuations in its water surface area. These fluctuations, especially in the spring period, significantly limit safe reproduction possibilities of very rare species of water–marsh birds. A multidirectional and comprehensive spectrum of research works allowed us to determine the genesis of the ecosystem and show that the shallow lake is undergoing the final stage in its evolution. The economic aspect of human activity (changes in land use and land development works) has contributed to serious degradation of the ecosystem. Climate changes observed in recent years (increased air temperature and, consequently, higher evaporation) additionally deepen and accelerate this process. The research made it possible to determine how the ecosystem functions today, but it is also an attempt to determine our predictions about its future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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19. Microclimate, an important part of ecology and biogeography

Author

Kemppinen, Julia, Lembrechts, Jonas J., Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Carnicer, Jofre, Chardon, Nathalie Isabelle, Kardol, Paul, Lenoir, Jonathan, Liu, Daijun, Maclean, Ilya, Pergl, Jan, Saccone, Patrick, Senior, Rebecca A., Shen, Ting, Słowińska, Sandra, Vandvik, Vigdis, von Oppen, Jonathan, Aalto, Juha, Ayalew, Biruk, Bates, Olivia, Bertelsmeier, Cleo, Bertrand, Romain, Beugnon, Rémy, Borderieux, Jeremy, Brůna, Josef, Buckley, Lauren, Bujan, Jelena, Casanova‐Katny, Angelica, Christiansen, Ditte Marie, Collart, Flavien, De Lombaerde, Emiel, De Pauw, Karen, Depauw, Leen, Di Musciano, Michele, Díaz Borrego, Raquel, Díaz‐Calafat, Joan, Ellis‐Soto, Diego, Esteban, Raquel, de Jong, Geerte Fälthammar, Gallois, Elise, Garcia, Maria Begoña, Gillerot, Loïc, Greiser, Caroline, Gril, Eva, Haesen, Stef, Hampe, Arndt, Hedwall, Per‐Ola, Hes, Gabriel, Hespanhol, Helena, Hoffrén, Raúl, Hylander, Kristoffer, Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja, Jucker, Tommaso, Klinges, David, Kolstela, Joonas, Kopecký, Martin, Kovács, Bence, Maeda, Eduardo Eiji, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Mathiak, Corrie, Meineri, Eric, Naujokaitis‐Lewis, Ilona, Nijs, Ivan, Normand, Signe, Nuñez, Martin, Orczewska, Anna, Peña‐Aguilera, Pablo, Pincebourde, Sylvain, Plichta, Roman, Quick, Susan, Renault, David, Ricci, Lorenzo, Rissanen, Tuuli, Segura‐Hernández, Laura, Selvi, Federico, Serra‐Diaz, Josep M., Soifer, Lydia, Spicher, Fabien, Svenning, Jens‐Christian, Tamian, Anouch, Thomaes, Arno, Thoonen, Marijke, Trew, Brittany, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Verdonck, Sanne, Vitkova, Michaela, Vives‐Ingla, Maria, von Schmalensee, Loke, Wang, Runxi, Wild, Jan, Williamson, Joseph, Zellweger, Florian, Zhou, Xiaqu, Zuza, Emmanuel Junior, De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Lembrechts, Jonas J., Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Carnicer, Jofre, Chardon, Nathalie Isabelle, Kardol, Paul, Lenoir, Jonathan, Liu, Daijun, Maclean, Ilya, Pergl, Jan, Saccone, Patrick, Senior, Rebecca A., Shen, Ting, Słowińska, Sandra, Vandvik, Vigdis, von Oppen, Jonathan, Aalto, Juha, Ayalew, Biruk, Bates, Olivia, Bertelsmeier, Cleo, Bertrand, Romain, Beugnon, Rémy, Borderieux, Jeremy, Brůna, Josef, Buckley, Lauren, Bujan, Jelena, Casanova‐Katny, Angelica, Christiansen, Ditte Marie, Collart, Flavien, De Lombaerde, Emiel, De Pauw, Karen, Depauw, Leen, Di Musciano, Michele, Díaz Borrego, Raquel, Díaz‐Calafat, Joan, Ellis‐Soto, Diego, Esteban, Raquel, de Jong, Geerte Fälthammar, Gallois, Elise, Garcia, Maria Begoña, Gillerot, Loïc, Greiser, Caroline, Gril, Eva, Haesen, Stef, Hampe, Arndt, Hedwall, Per‐Ola, Hes, Gabriel, Hespanhol, Helena, Hoffrén, Raúl, Hylander, Kristoffer, Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja, Jucker, Tommaso, Klinges, David, Kolstela, Joonas, Kopecký, Martin, Kovács, Bence, Maeda, Eduardo Eiji, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Mathiak, Corrie, Meineri, Eric, Naujokaitis‐Lewis, Ilona, Nijs, Ivan, Normand, Signe, Nuñez, Martin, Orczewska, Anna, Peña‐Aguilera, Pablo, Pincebourde, Sylvain, Plichta, Roman, Quick, Susan, Renault, David, Ricci, Lorenzo, Rissanen, Tuuli, Segura‐Hernández, Laura, Selvi, Federico, Serra‐Diaz, Josep M., Soifer, Lydia, Spicher, Fabien, Svenning, Jens‐Christian, Tamian, Anouch, Thomaes, Arno, Thoonen, Marijke, Trew, Brittany, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Verdonck, Sanne, Vitkova, Michaela, Vives‐Ingla, Maria, von Schmalensee, Loke, Wang, Runxi, Wild, Jan, Williamson, Joseph, Zellweger, Florian, Zhou, Xiaqu, Zuza, Emmanuel Junior, and De Frenne, Pieter

Abstract

Brief introduction: What are microclimates and why are they important?: Microclimate science has developed into a global discipline. Microclimate science is increasingly used to understand and mitigate climate and biodiversity shifts. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of microclimate ecology and biogeography in terrestrial ecosystems, and where this field is heading next. Microclimate investigations in ecology and biogeography: We highlight the latest research on interactions between microclimates and organisms, including how microclimates influence individuals, and through them populations, communities and entire ecosystems and their processes. We also briefly discuss recent research on how organisms shape microclimates from the tropics to the poles. Microclimate applications in ecosystem management: Microclimates are also important in ecosystem management under climate change. We showcase new research in microclimate management with examples from biodiversity conservation, forestry and urban ecology. We discuss the importance of microrefugia in conservation and how to promote microclimate heterogeneity. Methods for microclimate science: We showcase the recent advances in data acquisition, such as novel field sensors and remote sensing methods. We discuss microclimate modelling, mapping and data processing, including accessibility of modelling tools, advantages of mechanistic and statistical modelling and solutions for computational challenges that have pushed the state‐of‐the‐art of the field. What's next?: We identify major knowledge gaps that need to be filled for further advancing microclimate investigations, applications and methods. These gaps include spatiotemporal scaling of microclimate data, mismatches between macroclimate and microclimate in predicting responses of organisms to climate change, and the need for more evidence on the outcomes of microclimate manageme

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