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I. This Article, like many, started with a narrow focus. Because I believe that the substantive criminal law is an ineffective, frequently inapposite and blunt instrument, it strikes me that [...]

This IJNS special issue celebrates the first ten years of the International Nuclear Security Education Network (INSEN). A partnership between the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the international academic community, INSEN was established in 2010 to promote nuclear security education. The articles in this issue focus on the shared education and training experiences of INSEN members in this new academic field of nuclear security. This special issue also features sketches of INSEN life provided by a number of its chairs, who share their thoughts and feelings about INSEN’s significance for the organization’s educators and leaders, and who chronicle the transformation of the network.

From the Editor's Desk

We are happy to present to you IJNS issue 5.1, 2019. This issue contains a welcome variety of articles speaking to many practical matters in nuclear security and safety, and in education and international policy. All these themes are invaluable as we continue our worldwide conversations among scholars and professionals, as well as with global citizens concerned for keeping our world safe from nuclear accident and aggression. We are pleased to include five articles and four book reviews in this issue.

Revisits the historical contours of the debate over the need for and role of the required first-year course in writing. Argues for the value of the required course in composition as a pedagogical site with the potential to influence large of numbers of students, and for its importance as a site of struggle within the institutional hierarchy of academia. (SR)

Examines the history of research on the teaching and learning of English as reflected in the 20-year history of the Promising Researcher Award. Focuses upon changes over time in the kinds of questions asked, topics addressed, conceptual frameworks employed, and methodologies used in the studies. Reveals a strong but shifting influence of approaches borrowed from other disciplines. (MG)

Examines the role of research in the English education profession. Surveys people named promising researchers between 1970 and 1989 by the National Council of Teachers of English. Finds that a considerable number of awardees are highly visible members of the NCTE community, although in many cases not primarily as researchers. (SR)

Annotates 146 conference papers, journal articles, and doctoral dissertations from 1989 and 1990 dealing with research in the teaching of English. Includes sections on writing, language, literature, and teacher education. (SR)

Offers an annotated bibliography of 142 dissertations, journal articles, and documents published in 1990 and 1991. Contains material on writing, language, literature, and teacher education. (PRA)

Examines composition research in the annotated bibliographies appearing from December 1984 to May 1989 in the journal "Research in the Teaching of English." Considers the question of what has been learned from this large corpus of research. Focuses on topics on which little research has been done and areas in which enough work has already been done. (RS)

Annotates 146 books in the areas of writing, language, literature, and teacher education. (MG)

Past studies of plant-microbe interactions in the alpine nitrogen cycle have revealed a seasonal separation of N use, with plants absorbing N primarily during the summer months and microbes immobilizing N primarily during the autumn months. On the basis of these studies, it has been concluded that competition for N between plants and microbes is minimized along this seasonal gradient. In this study, we examined more deeply the links between microbial population dynamics and plant N availability in an alpine dry meadow. We conducted a year-round field study and performed experiments on isolated soil microorganisms. based on previous work in this ecosystem, we hypothesized that microbial biomass would decline before the plant growing season and would release N that would become available to plants. Microbial biomass was highest when soils were cold, in autumn, winter, and early spring. During this time, N was immobilized in microbial biomass. After snow melt in spring, microbial biomass decreased. A peak in the soil protein concentration was seen at this time, followed by peaks in soil amino acid and ammonium concentrations in late June. Soil protease rates were initially high after snow melt, decreased to below detection limits by midsummer, and partially recovered by late summer. Proteolytic activity in soil was saturated early in the growing season and became protein limited later in the summer. We concluded that the key event controlling N availability to alpine plants occurs after snow melt, when protein is released from the winter microbial biomass. This protein pulse provides substrate for soil proteases, which supply plants with amino acids during the growing season. On average, microbial biomass was lower in the summer than at other times, although the biomass fluctuated widely during the summer. Within the summer months, maximum numbers of amino-acid-degrading microorganisms and the maximum amount of microbial biomass coincided with the peak in soil amino acids, when plants are most active. All bacterial strains isolated from this summer community had the ability to grow rapidly on low concentrations of amino acids and to degrade protein. This explains the previously observed result that the soil microbial biomass can compete strongly with plants for organic N, despite the seasonal offset of maximum plant and microbial N uptake. Key words: alpine tundra; Kobresia myosuroides; microbial population dynamics; N uptake, seasonal; nitrogen availability; organic nitrogen; soil microorganisms; soil protease activity; substrate-induced growth response; temporal partitioning., INTRODUCTION Soil microbial population dynamics have important implications for N availability to plants in many ecosystems. For example, microbial biomass often assimilates N at times when plants are inactive, releasing [...]

Reviewed by Russel K. Skownek, Santa Clara University. In the 3 decades since the inception of historical archaeology as a distinct focus of research, the field has taken the normal [...]