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7. Spreading activation in nonverbal memory networks

Author

Foster, Paul S., Wakefield, Candias, Pryjmak, Scott, Roosa, Katelyn M., Branch, Kaylei K., Drago, Valeria, Ruff, Ronald, Harrison, David W., Foster, Paul S., Wakefield, Candias, Pryjmak, Scott, Roosa, Katelyn M., Branch, Kaylei K., Drago, Valeria, Ruff, Ronald, and Harrison, David W.

Abstract

Theories of spreading activation primarily involve semantic memory networks. However, the existence of separate verbal and visuospatial memory networks suggests that spreading activation may also occur in visuospatial memory networks. The purpose of the present investigation was to explore this possibility. Specifically, this study sought to create and describe the design frequency corpus and to determine whether this measure of visuospatial spreading activation was related to right hemisphere functioning and spreading activation in verbal memory networks. We used word frequencies taken from the Controlled Oral Word Association Test and design frequencies taken from the Ruff Figural Fluency Test as measures of verbal and visuospatial spreading activation, respectively. Average word and design frequencies were then correlated with measures of left and right cerebral functioning. The results indicated that a significant relationship exists between performance on a test of right posterior functioning (Block Design) and design frequency. A significant negative relationship also exists between spreading activation in semantic memory networks and design frequency. Based on our findings, the hypotheses were supported. Further research will need to be conducted to examine whether spreading activation exists in visuospatial memory networks as well as the parameters that might modulate this spreading activation, such as the influence of neurotransmitters.

Published
2016
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8. Spreading activation in nonverbal memory networks

Author

Psychology, Foster, Paul S., Wakefield, Candias, Pryjmak, Scott, Roosa, Katelyn M., Branch, Kaylei K., Drago, Valeria, Ruff, Ronald, Harrison, David W., Psychology, Foster, Paul S., Wakefield, Candias, Pryjmak, Scott, Roosa, Katelyn M., Branch, Kaylei K., Drago, Valeria, Ruff, Ronald, and Harrison, David W.

Abstract

Theories of spreading activation primarily involve semantic memory networks. However, the existence of separate verbal and visuospatial memory networks suggests that spreading activation may also occur in visuospatial memory networks. The purpose of the present investigation was to explore this possibility. Specifically, this study sought to create and describe the design frequency corpus and to determine whether this measure of visuospatial spreading activation was related to right hemisphere functioning and spreading activation in verbal memory networks. We used word frequencies taken from the Controlled Oral Word Association Test and design frequencies taken from the Ruff Figural Fluency Test as measures of verbal and visuospatial spreading activation, respectively. Average word and design frequencies were then correlated with measures of left and right cerebral functioning. The results indicated that a significant relationship exists between performance on a test of right posterior functioning (Block Design) and design frequency. A significant negative relationship also exists between spreading activation in semantic memory networks and design frequency. Based on our findings, the hypotheses were supported. Further research will need to be conducted to examine whether spreading activation exists in visuospatial memory networks as well as the parameters that might modulate this spreading activation, such as the influence of neurotransmitters.

Published
2016

9. Spreading activation in nonverbal memory networks

Author

Foster, Paul S., primary, Wakefield, Candias, additional, Pryjmak, Scott, additional, Roosa, Katelyn M., additional, Branch, Kaylei K., additional, Drago, Valeria, additional, Harrison, David W., additional, and Ruff, Ronald, additional

Published
2016
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10. A Cognitive Training Program Based on Principles of Brain Plasticity: Results from the Improvement in Memory with Plasticity-based Adaptive Cognitive Training (IMPACT) Study

Author

Smith, Glenn E., Housen, Patricia, Yaffe, Kristine, Ruff, Ronald, Kennison, Robert F., Mahncke, Henry W., and Zelinski, Elizabeth M.

Subjects
Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Minnesota, Neuropsychological Tests, Article, California, Cognition, Treatment Outcome, Double-Blind Method, Memory, Humans, Female, Cognition Disorders, Aged
Abstract

To investigate the efficacy of a novel brain plasticity-based computerized cognitive training program in older adults and to evaluate the effect on untrained measures of memory and attention and participant-reported outcomes.Multisite randomized controlled double-blind trial with two treatment groups.Communities in northern and southern California and Minnesota.Community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older (N=487) without a diagnosis of clinically significant cognitive impairment.Participants were randomized to receive a broadly-available brain plasticity-based computerized cognitive training program (intervention) or a novelty- and intensity-matched general cognitive stimulation program modeling treatment as usual (active control). Duration of training was 1 hour per day, 5 days per week, for 8 weeks, for a total of 40 hours.The primary outcome was a composite score calculated from six subtests of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status that use the auditory modality (RBANS Auditory Memory/Attention). Secondary measures were derived from performance on the experimental program, standardized neuropsychological assessments of memory and attention, and participant-reported outcomes.RBANS Auditory Memory/Attention improvement was significantly greater (P=.02) in the experimental group (3.9 points, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.7-5.1) than in the control group (1.8 points, 95% CI=0.6-3.0). Multiple secondary measures of memory and attention showed significantly greater improvements in the experimental group (word list total score, word list delayed recall, digits backwards, letter-number sequencing; P.05), as did the participant-reported outcome measure (P=.001). No advantage for the experimental group was seen in narrative memory.The experimental program improved generalized measures of memory and attention more than an active control program.

Published
2009

13. Visuospatial learning: Ruff light trail learning test.

Author

Ruff, Ronald, Light, Rudolph, and Parker, Steve

Abstract

The assessment of memory typically includes tests for both audioverbal and visuospatial processing, while measurements of learning have primarily utilized the audioverbal mode. However, there exists no compelling reason why learning should not also be assessed in the visuospatial mode. The Ruff Light Trail Learning Test (RULIT) represents such an option. Normative values utilizing 307 volunteers indicated neither significant gender nor educational differences. However, an age effect for those subjects 55 and older was demonstrated, and our data suggest that the major reason for the inferior learning in this older subgroup was their reduced memory capacities rather than their slowed visuospatial processing. Multiple components including learning curves, error analysis, and delayed recall are presented. Test-retest data also indicate an adequate reliability. The validity was compared to concurrently administered neuropsychological tests, and, finally, the potential for neuropsychological application of this new test is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1996
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14. The use, education, training and supervision of neuropsychological test technicians (psychometrists) in clinical practice. Official statement of the National Academy of Neuropsychology.

Author

Puente AE, Adams R, Barr WB, Bush SS, Ruff RM, Barth JT, Broshek D, Koffler SP, Reynolds C, Silver CH, and Tröster AI

Subjects
Educational Status, Humans, Neuropsychology education, Psychometrics education, Workforce, Allied Health Personnel education, Allied Health Personnel statistics & numerical data, Neuropsychology standards, Personnel Management standards, Psychometrics standards
Published
2006
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