50 results on '"Rudnitskaya, Alisa"'
Search Results
2. Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Extraction from Bivalve Meat for Analysis Using Potentiometric Chemical Sensors.
- Author
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Cerqueira, Ana Filipa R., Moreirinha, Catarina, Raposo, Mariana, Gomes, Maria Teresa S. R., Costa, Sara T., Botelho, Maria João, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa
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PARALYTIC shellfish toxins ,CHEMICAL detectors ,ANALYTICAL chemistry ,MEAT analysis ,POTENTIOMETRY ,SHELLFISH - Abstract
A simple and reliable methodology for the detection of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in bivalve tissues using potentiometric chemical sensors was developed. Five methods of PST extraction from mussel and oyster tissues were evaluated, including the AOAC-recommended method, which served as the reference. The main objective was to minimize the matrix effect of the extracts on the sensors' responses and ensure efficient toxin recovery. Extraction procedures using acetic acid with heating and water yielded the highest responses from the potentiometric chemical sensors to PSTs. The highest recovery of PSTs from bivalve tissues was achieved with extraction using acetic acid and heating. Further extract purification, which is indispensable for liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection (LC-FLD) analysis, was found to be unnecessary for analysis with chemical sensors. While water extraction can also be used as a rapid and simple PST extraction method, the lower recoveries should be considered when interpreting the results. Further research is needed to identify the compounds remaining in the extracts that cause a decrease in sensor responses and to develop procedures for their elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Sensor Selection for an Electronic Tongue for the Rapid Detection of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins: A Case Study.
- Author
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Raposo, Mariana, Gomes, Maria Teresa S. R., Costa, Sara T., Botelho, Maria João, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa
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PARALYTIC shellfish toxins ,ELECTRONIC tongues ,SHELLFISH ,CHEMICAL detectors ,MARINE toxins ,SENSOR arrays - Abstract
The performance of an electronic tongue can be optimized by varying the number and types of sensors in the array and by employing data-processing methods. Sensor selection is typically performed empirically, with sensors picked up either by analyzing their characteristics or through trial and error, which does not guarantee an optimized sensor array composition. This study focuses on developing a method for sensor selection for an electronic tongue using simulated sensor data and Lasso regularization. Simulated sensor responses were calculated using sensor parameters such as sensitivity and selectivity, which were determined in the individual analyte solutions. Sensor selection was carried out using Lasso regularization, which removes redundant or highly correlated variables without much loss of information. The objective of the optimization of the sensor array was twofold, aiming to minimize both quantification errors and the number of sensors in the array. The quantification of toxins belonging to one of the groups of marine toxins—paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs)—using arrays of potentiometric chemical sensors was used as a case study. Eight PSTs corresponding to the toxin profiles in bivalves due to the two common toxin-producing phytoplankton species, G. catenatum (dcSTX, GTX5, GTX6, and C1+2) and A. minitum (STX, GTX2+3), as well as total sample toxicity, were included in the study. Experimental validation with mixed solutions of two groups of toxins confirmed the suitability of the proposed method of sensor array optimization with better performance obtained for the a priori optimized sensor arrays. The results indicate that the use of simulated sensor responses and Lasso regularization is a rapid and efficient method for the selection of an optimized sensor array. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Volatile Composition of Fortification Grape Spirit and Port Wine: Where Do We Stand?
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Ribeiro, Sónia Gomes, primary, Martins, Cátia, additional, Tavares, Tiago, additional, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional, Alves, Fernando, additional, and Rocha, Sílvia M., additional
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- 2023
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5. Editorial: Sensors and sensor systems for detection of emerging environmental contaminants
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Rudnitskaya, Alisa, primary and Lvova, Larisa, additional
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- 2022
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6. Sustainable Valorization of Sambucus nigra L. Berries: From Crop Biodiversity to Nutritional Value of Juice and Pomace
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Costa, Carina Pedrosa, primary, Patinha, Samuel, additional, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional, Santos, Sónia A. O., additional, Silvestre, Armando J. D., additional, and Rocha, Sílvia M., additional
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- 2021
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7. Lignosulfonate-Based Conducting Flexible Polymeric Membranes for Liquid Sensing Applications
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Magina, Sandra, primary, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional, Soreto, Sílvia, additional, Costa, Luís Cadillon, additional, Barros-Timmons, Ana, additional, and Evtuguin, Dmitry V., additional
- Published
- 2021
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8. HS-SPME Gas Chromatography Approach for Underivatized Acrylamide Determination in Biscuits
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Passos, Cláudia P., primary, Petronilho, Sílvia, additional, Serôdio, António F., additional, Neto, Andreia C. M., additional, Torres, Dylan, additional, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional, Nunes, Cláudia, additional, Kukurová, Kristína, additional, Ciesarová, Zuzana, additional, Rocha, Sílvia M., additional, and Coimbra, Manuel A., additional
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- 2021
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9. Major characteristics of microplastics in mussels from the Portuguese coast
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Marques, Filipa, primary, Vale, Carlos, additional, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional, Moreirinha, Catarina, additional, Costa, Sara T., additional, and Botelho, Maria João, additional
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- 2021
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10. Instrumental measurement of bitter taste in red wine using an electronic tongue
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Rudnitskaya, Alisa, Nieuwoudt, Hélène H., Muller, Nina, Legin, Andrey, du Toit, Maret, and Bauer, Florian F.
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- 2010
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11. Sensor systems, electronic tongues and electronic noses, for the monitoring of biotechnological processes
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Rudnitskaya, Alisa and Legin, Andrey
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- 2008
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12. Comprehensive Study of Variety Oenological Potential Using Statistic Tools for the Efficient Use of Non-Renewable Resources
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Petronilho, Sílvia, primary, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional, Coimbra, Manuel A., additional, and Rocha, Sílvia M., additional
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- 2021
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13. Evaluation of a novel chemical sensor system to detect clinical mastitis in bovine milk
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Mottram, Toby, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, Legin, Andrey, Fitzpatrick, Julie L., and Eckersall, P. David
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- 2007
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14. Electronic tongue for pharmaceutical analytics: quantification of tastes and masking effects
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Legin, Andrey, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, Clapham, David, Seleznev, Boris, Lord, Kevin, and Vlasov, Yuri
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- 2004
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15. Fermentation monitoring using multisensor systems: feasibility study of the electronic tongue
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Esbensen, Kim, Kirsanov, Dmitry, Legin, Andrey, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, Mortensen, John, Pedersen, Joan, Vognsen, Lene, Makarychev-Mikhailov, Sergey, and Vlasov, Yuri
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- 2004
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16. Electronic tongues and their analytical application
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Vlasov, Yuri, Legin, Andrey, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa
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- 2002
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17. Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST)-Transforming Enzymes: A Review
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Raposo, Mariana I. C., primary, Gomes, Maria Teresa S. R., additional, Botelho, Maria João, additional, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional
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- 2020
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18. Nanocomposite Polymeric Materials Based on Eucalyptus Lignoboost® Kraft Lignin for Liquid Sensing Applications
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Gonçalves, Sónia S. Leça, primary, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional, Sales, António J.M., additional, Costa, Luís M. Cadillon, additional, and Evtuguin, Dmitry V., additional
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- 2020
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19. A Carbamoylase-Based Bioassay for the Detection of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins
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Raposo, Mariana, primary, Botelho, Maria João, additional, Costa, Sara T., additional, Gomes, Maria Teresa S. R., additional, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional
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- 2020
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20. Data on yields, sugars and glycosidic-linkage analyses of coffee arabinogalactan and galactomannan mixtures and optimization of their microwave assisted extraction from spent coffee grounds
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Passos, Cláudia P., primary, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional, Neves, José M.M.G.C., additional, Lopes, Guido R., additional, and Coimbra, Manuel A., additional
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- 2019
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21. D-Shaped POF Sensors for Refractive Index Sensing—The Importance of Surface Roughness
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Sequeira, Filipa, primary, Cennamo, Nunzio, additional, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional, Nogueira, Rogério, additional, Zeni, Luigi, additional, and Bilro, Lúcia, additional
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- 2019
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22. Fiber optic sensor modified by grafting of the molecularly imprinted polymer for the detection of ammonium in aqueous media
- Author
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Bilro Lucia, Gomes Maria Teresa Seabra dos Reis, Rudnitskaya Alisa M, Sekeira Filipa, Lopes Nair, Zadorozhnaia Olesya A, and Rogerio Nogueira Nunes
- Subjects
Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,ammonium detection ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0103 physical sciences ,lcsh:QC350-467 ,Ammonium ,polymer optical fiber sensor ,010302 applied physics ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Mechanical Engineering ,Polymer ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Grafting ,grafting ,6. Clean water ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Computer Science Applications ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,13. Climate action ,Fiber optic sensor ,molecular imprinting ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,0210 nano-technology ,Molecular imprinting ,lcsh:Optics. Light ,Information Systems - Abstract
Subject of Research.The paper deals with novel chemical sensors based on the polymeric optical fibers modified by grafting of the molecularly imprinted polymer for the detection of ammonium in aqueous solutions. Elevated concentrations of ammonium in surface waters lead to their eutrophication, that’s why, monitoring of the content of this ion is very important for the evaluation of surface water quality. However, currently in situ monitoring of relevant parameters in surface waters is constrained by the availability and cost of commercial sensors. Attractive approach to the development of chemical sensors for remote controls is the use of polymeric optical fibers. Polymer optical fibers have high mechanical resistance and low cost, and give the possibility for multiplexing and remote sensing. Method. Polymeric layer imprinted with ammonium ions was grafted on the surface of the methylmethacrylate fiber. Methacrylic acid was used as a monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacylate as a cross-linker, 2.2'-Azobis (2-ethylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride as a radical initiator, ammonium as a template and water:ethanol 4:1 mixture as a solvent. Optimization of the imprinted polymer synthesis conditions was carried out using intensity of transmitted light, uniformity of the grafted polymeric layer and response in the aqueous ammonium solutions as optimization criteria. Main Results. Chemical sensors based on the polymeric optical fibers modified by grafting of the molecularly imprinted polymer for the detection of ammonium in aqueous solutions have been developed. New method of the grafting of the molecularly imprinted polymer on the surface of the methylmethacrylate optical fiber has been developed. It was found out, that high concentrations of the monomer and cross-linker in the polymerization solutions cause optical fiber damage while longer polymerization times result in the decrease of the intensity of transmitted light. Optical sensor demonstrating response to ammonium in the aqueous solutions was obtained using the following experimental conditions: methacrylic acid – 2.1 mmolL-1, ethylene glycol dimethacylate – 7.7 mmolL-1 and NH4Cl – 0.3 mmolL-1 and polymerization time equal to15 minutes. Practical Relevance. Results obtained in this work are applicable in the ecological monitoring of ammonium in the surface waters, in particular, as a part of remote in situ sensing systems. Furthermore, developed optimized method of the grafting of molecularly imprinted polymer on the surface of the polymeric optical fiber is usable for the development of fiber optic sensors for detection of other compounds.
- Published
- 2015
23. Calibration Update and Drift Correction for Electronic Noses and Tongues
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Rudnitskaya, Alisa, primary
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- 2018
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24. Cheeses Made from Raw and Pasteurized Cow’s Milk Analysed by an Electronic Nose and an Electronic Tongue
- Author
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Valente, Nuno, primary, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional, Oliveira, João, additional, Gaspar, Elvira, additional, and Gomes, M., additional
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- 2018
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25. Refractive Index Sensing with D-Shaped Plastic Optical Fibers for Chemical and Biochemical Applications
- Author
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Sequeira, Filipa, primary, Duarte, Daniel, additional, Bilro, Lúcia, additional, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional, Pesavento, Maria, additional, Zeni, Luigi, additional, and Cennamo, Nunzio, additional
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- 2016
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26. Shedding light on Aspergillus niger volatile exometabolome
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Costa, Carina Pedrosa, primary, Gonçalves Silva, Diogo, additional, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional, Almeida, Adelaide, additional, and Rocha, Sílvia M., additional
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- 2016
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27. Top-down lipidomics of low density lipoprotein reveal altered lipid profiles in advanced chronic kidney disease
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Reis, Ana, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, Chariyavilaskul, Pajaree, Dhaun, Neeraj, Melville, Vanessa, Goddard, Jane, Webb, David J., Pitt, Andrew R., Spickett, Corinne M., Reis, Ana, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, Chariyavilaskul, Pajaree, Dhaun, Neeraj, Melville, Vanessa, Goddard, Jane, Webb, David J., Pitt, Andrew R., and Spickett, Corinne M.
- Abstract
This study compared the molecular lipidomic profi le of LDL in patients with nondiabetic advanced renal disease and no evidence of CVD to that of age-matched controls, with the hypothesis that it would reveal proatherogenic lipid alterations. LDL was isolated from 10 normocholesterolemic patients with stage 4/5 renal disease and 10 controls, and lipids were analyzed by accurate mass LC/MS. Top-down lipidomics analysis and manual examination of the data identifi ed 352 lipid species, and automated comparative analysis demonstrated alterations in lipid profi le in disease. The total lipid and cholesterol content was unchanged, but levels of triacylglycerides and N -acyltaurines were signifi cantly increased, while phosphatidylcholines, plasmenyl ethanolamines, sulfatides, ceramides, and cholesterol sulfate were signifi cantly decreased in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Chemometric analysis of individual lipid species showed very good discrimination of control and disease sample despite the small cohorts and identifi ed individual unsaturated phospholipids and triglycerides mainly responsible for the discrimination. These fi ndings illustrate the point that although the clinical biochemistry parameters may not appear abnormal, there may be important underlying lipidomic changes that contribute to disease pathology. The lipidomic profi le of CKD LDL offers potential for new biomarkers and novel insights into lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk in this disease. -Reis, A., A. Rudnitskaya, P. Chariyavilaskul, N. Dhaun, V. Melville, J. Goddard, D. J. Webb, A. R. Pitt, and C. M. Spickett. Topdown lipidomics of low density lipoprotein reveal altered lipid profi les in advanced chronic kidney disease. J. Lipid Res. 2015.
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- 2015
28. Lignin-based polyurethane doped with carbon nanotubes for sensor applications
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Faria, Fernando A. C., Evtuguin, Dmitry V., Rudnitskaya, Alisa, Gomes, Maria T. S. R., Oliveira, João A. B. P., Graça, M. Pedro F., and Costa, Luis C.
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Polyurethane ,Chemical sensors ,Carbon nanotubes ,Kraft lignin ,Nanocomposites - Abstract
Submitted by Patrícia Correia (patriciacorreia@ua.pt) on 2019-11-07T15:02:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Faria et al. - 2012 - Lignin-based polyurethane doped with carbon nanotu.pdf: 229596 bytes, checksum: 474278eab3c12ab8b01d90a2595047e2 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Patrícia Correia (patriciacorreia@ua.pt) on 2019-11-07T15:04:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Faria et al. - 2012 - Lignin-based polyurethane doped with carbon nanotu.pdf: 229596 bytes, checksum: 474278eab3c12ab8b01d90a2595047e2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-07T15:04:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Faria et al. - 2012 - Lignin-based polyurethane doped with carbon nanotu.pdf: 229596 bytes, checksum: 474278eab3c12ab8b01d90a2595047e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 published
- Published
- 2012
29. Top-down lipidomics of low density lipoprotein reveal altered lipid profiles in advanced chronic kidney disease
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Reis, Ana, primary, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional, Chariyavilaskul, Pajaree, additional, Dhaun, Neeraj, additional, Melville, Vanessa, additional, Goddard, Jane, additional, Webb, David J., additional, Pitt, Andrew R., additional, and Spickett, Corinne M., additional
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- 2015
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30. Electronic tongue as a screening tool for rapid analysis of beer
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UCL, Polshin, Evgeny, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, Kirsanov, Dmitriy, Legin, Andrey, Saison, Daan, Delvaux, Filip, Delvaux, Freddy R., Nicolai, Bart M., Lammertyn, Jeroen, UCL, Polshin, Evgeny, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, Kirsanov, Dmitriy, Legin, Andrey, Saison, Daan, Delvaux, Filip, Delvaux, Freddy R., Nicolai, Bart M., and Lammertyn, Jeroen
- Abstract
An electronic tongue (ET) comprising 18 potentiometric chemical sensors was applied to the quantitative analysis of beer. Fifty Belgian and Dutch beers of different types were measured using the ET. The same samples were analyzed using conventional analytical techniques with respect to the main physicochemical parameters. Only non-correlated physicochemical parameters were retained for further analysis, which were real extract, real fermentation degree, alcohol content, pH. bitterness, color, polyphenol and CO2 content. Relationship between the ET and physicochemical datasets was studied using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). Four significant canonical variates were extracted using CCA. Correlation was observed between 6 physicochemical variables (real extract and fermentation degree, bitterness, pH, alcohol and polyphenols' content) and 14 sensors of the ET. The feasibility of the ET for the quantification of bitterness in beer was evaluated in the aqueous solutions of isomerised hop extract and in the set of 11 beers with bitterness varying between 14 and 38 EBU (European Bitterness Units). Sensors displayed good sensitivity to isomerised hop extract and good prediction of the bitterness in beer was obtained. Calibration models with respect to the physicochemical parameters using ET measurements in 50 Belgian and Dutch beer samples were calculated by Partial Least Square regression. The ET was capable of predicting such parameters as real extract, alcohol and polyphenol content and bitterness, the latter with Root Mean Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) of 2.5. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- 2010
31. A comparison of five lipid extraction solvent systems for lipidomic studies of human LDL
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Reis, Ana, primary, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional, Blackburn, Gavin J., additional, Fauzi, Norsyahida Mohd, additional, Pitt, Andrew R., additional, and Spickett, Corinne M., additional
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- 2013
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32. Electronic nose and electronic tongue integration for improved classification of clinical and food samples
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Di Natale, Corrado, Paolesse, Roberto, Macagnano, Antonella, Mantini, Alessandro, D’Amico, Arnaldo, Legin, Andrei, Lvova, Larisa, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, Vlasov, Yuri, Alessandro Mantini (ORCID:0000-0002-5099-6745), Di Natale, Corrado, Paolesse, Roberto, Macagnano, Antonella, Mantini, Alessandro, D’Amico, Arnaldo, Legin, Andrei, Lvova, Larisa, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, Vlasov, Yuri, and Alessandro Mantini (ORCID:0000-0002-5099-6745)
- Abstract
A combined approach based on a multisensor system, to get chemical information from liquid samples through the analysis of the solution and its head space is illustrated and commented. Sensors operating in liquid electronic tongue. and in the head space electronic nose. are based on the same sensitive materials: the metalloporphyrins. This gives the opportunity of a certain uniformity of interaction putting in evidence the differences between the solution and its related volatile part. The combined system has been tested in two different experiments in the fields of clinical and food analysis, respectively. Results have shown a net increase of information when the combined systems are used. The sensor fusion procedure has been optimised in order to achieve the best results.
- Published
- 2000
33. Application of a combined artificial olfaction and taste system to the quantification of relevant compounds in red wine
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Di Natale, Corrado, Paolesse, Roberto, Macagnano, Antonella, Mantini, Alessandro, D’Amico, Arnaldo, Ubigli, Mario, Legin, Andrei, Lvova, Larisa, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, Vlasov, Yuri, Alessandro Mantini (ORCID:0000-0002-5099-6745), Di Natale, Corrado, Paolesse, Roberto, Macagnano, Antonella, Mantini, Alessandro, D’Amico, Arnaldo, Ubigli, Mario, Legin, Andrei, Lvova, Larisa, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, Vlasov, Yuri, and Alessandro Mantini (ORCID:0000-0002-5099-6745)
- Abstract
The combined application of an electronic nose and an electronic tongue to a number of samples of red wine having the same denomination, produced in the same year but from different vineyards, is illustrated and discussed. Artificial sense data have been compared with the analytical chemistry analysis performed with ordinary methods. The data reveal, first of all, a net distinction between electronic nose and electronic tongue, confirming the hypotheses that both the systems offer independent information on the samples. A certain correlation with some of the analytical indicators has also been found and a neural network regression model has been assessed for the qualitative determination of some of them.
- Published
- 2000
34. Monitoring batch fermentations with an electronic tongue
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Turner, Claire, primary, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, additional, and Legin, Andrey, additional
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- 2003
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35. Sustainable Valorization of Sambucus nigra L. Berries: From Crop Biodiversity to Nutritional Value of Juice and Pomace.
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Costa, Carina Pedrosa, Patinha, Samuel, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, Santos, Sónia A. O., Silvestre, Armando J. D., and Rocha, Sílvia M.
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NUTRITIONAL value ,BIODIVERSITY ,BERRIES ,PLANT metabolism ,SUSTAINABILITY ,MESOCLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
Improvement of dietary and ecological biodiversity, namely by exploring autochthonous varieties, is a key point to the construction of a more sustainable food system and planetary health. However, the environmental sustainability continues to face huge challenges, reflecting the importance of achieving a better understanding about the functional role of biodiversity in ecosystems. Thus, the main objective of this research is to contribute to the sustainable valorization of Sambucus nigra L. berries through a comprehensive approach to evaluate the effects of elderberry's cultivar, harvest year, and plantation field on the physicochemical berry composition. Moreover, the nutritional value of elderberry juice and respective dried pomace was determined. This complementary information is of huge utility for the rational and, as much as possible, integral use of elderberries. The harvest year, followed by field and the interaction of harvest × field, accounted for the highest impact on the berry's physicochemical parameters, indicating the importance of the combined impact of the macro- and mesoclimate conditions on plant metabolism. Elderberry juice and dried pomace are a good source of carbohydrates (ca. 12 and 82%, respectively) and have low amounts of fat (≤2.5%), making them low-energy foods. Dried pomace may also represent a potential alternative source of vegetal protein (ca. 6%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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36. Untitled.
- Author
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Vlasov, Yuri, Legin, Andrey, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa
- Abstract
Electronic tongues for liquid analysis, based on the organizational principles of biological sensory systems, developed rapidly during the last decade. A brief historical overview of the research and development in the field of electronic tongue systems is presented. Current achievements of scientific groups working in this field are outlined and critically reviewed. The performance of electronic tongues in quantitative analysis and in classification of multicomponent media is considered. The exciting possibility of establishing a correlation between the output from an electronic tongue and human sensory assessment of food flavour, thereby enabling quantification of taste and flavour, is described. Application areas of electronic tongue systems including foodstuffs, clinical, industrial, and environmental analysis are discussed in depth. Prospective research and development in the field of electronic tongues is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
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37. Sensor Based on a Poly[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate- Co -Styrene], Gold Nanoparticles, and Methylene Blue-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Melamine Detection.
- Author
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Aberkane, Fairouz, Abdou, Imene, Zine, Nadia, Jaffrezic-Renault, Nicole, Elaissari, Abdelhamid, Errachid, Abdelhamid, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, and Angeliki, Brouzgou
- Subjects
MELAMINE ,CARBON electrodes ,FOOD additives ,GOLD nanoparticles ,POISONS ,METHYLENE blue - Abstract
Melamine has been used as a non-protein nitrogenous additive in food products to artificially increase the apparent "false" protein content. Melamine is known as a dangerous and poisonous substance for human health and it causes diverse diseases. An electrochemical sensor for melamine detection has been developed by modification of a glassy carbon electrode using copolymer poly[DMAEMA-co-styrene], gold nanoparticles, and methylene blue. The characterization of the modified electrode was conducted using several analysis techniques including cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical detection of melamine was performed by impedance spectroscopy. Obtained results revealed that the developed sensor has a large detection range from 5.0 × 10
−13 to 3.8 × 10−8 M with a low detection limit of 1.8 × 10−12 M (at S/N = 3). Various interfering species such as phenol, hydroquinone, and bisphenol A have been used and their behavior on modified electrode has been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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38. Low Cost, Easy to Prepare and Disposable Electrochemical Molecularly Imprinted Sensor for Diclofenac Detection.
- Author
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Seguro, Isabel, Pacheco, João G., Delerue-Matos, Cristina, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa
- Subjects
DICLOFENAC ,IMPRINTED polymers ,CARBON electrodes ,DETECTORS ,CYCLIC voltammetry ,DRINKING water - Abstract
In this work, a disposable electrochemical (voltammetric) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor for the selective determination of diclofenac (DCF) was constructed. The proposed MIP-sensor permits fast (30 min) analysis, is cheap, easy to prepare and has the potential to be integrated with portable devices. Due to its simplicity and efficiency, surface imprinting by electropolymerization was used to prepare a MIP on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). MIP preparation was achieved by cyclic voltammetry (CV), using dopamine (DA) as a monomer in the presence of DCF. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) detection of DCF at MIP/SPCE and non-imprinted control sensors (NIP) showed an imprinting factor of 2.5. Several experimental preparation parameters were studied and optimized. CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments were performed to evaluate the electrode surface modifications. The MIP sensor showed adequate selectivity (in comparison with other drug molecules), intra-day repeatability of 7.5%, inter-day repeatability of 11.5%, a linear range between 0.1 and 10 μM (r
2 = 0.9963) and a limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 70 and 200 nM, respectively. Its applicability was successfully demonstrated by the determination of DCF in spiked water samples (river and tap water). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
39. Chemical Sensors for Farm-to-Table Monitoring of Fruit Quality.
- Author
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Wilson, Denise and Rudnitskaya, Alisa
- Subjects
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CHEMICAL detectors , *FRUIT quality , *SMALL business , *INDUSTRIAL chemistry , *COMMUNITY-supported agriculture - Abstract
Farm-to-table operations produce, transport, and deliver produce to consumers in very different ways than conventional, corporate-scale agriculture operations. As a result, the time it takes to get a freshly picked fruit to the consumer is relatively short and the expectations of the consumer for freshness and quality are high. Since many of these operations involve small farms and small businesses, resources to deploy sensors and instruments for monitoring quality are scarce compared to larger operations. Within stringent power, cost, and size constraints, this article analyzes chemical sensor technologies suitable for monitoring fruit quality from the point of harvest to consumption in farm-to-table operations. Approaches to measuring sweetness (sugar content), acidity (pH), and ethylene gas are emphasized. Not surprisingly, many instruments developed for laboratory use or larger-scale operations are not suitable for farm-to-table operations. However, there are many opportunities still available to adapt pH, sugar, and ethylene sensing to the unique needs of localized farm-to-table operations that can help these operations survive and expand well into the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Detection of Gadolinium with an Impedimetric Platform Based on Gold Electrodes Functionalized by 2-Methylpyridine-Substituted Cyclam.
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Touzi, Hassen, Chevalier, Yves, Martin, Marie, Ben Ouada, Hafedh, Jaffrezic-Renault, Nicole, Estrela, Pedro, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa
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GADOLINIUM ,GOLD electrodes ,CHEMICAL detectors ,ATOMIC force microscopy ,RC circuits ,ELECTRIC circuits - Abstract
Gadolinium is extensively used in pharmaceuticals and is very toxic, so its sensitive detection is mandatory. This work presents the elaboration of a gadolinium chemical sensor based on 2-methylpyridine-substituted cyclam thin films, deposited on gold electrodes, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The 2-methylpyridine-substituted cyclam (bis-N-MPyC) was synthesized in three steps, including the protection of cyclam by the formation of its CH
2 -bridged aminal derivative; the product was characterized by liquid1 H and13 C NMR spectroscopy. Spin-coated thin films of bis-N-MPyC on gold wafers were characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy in ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) mode, contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy. The impedimetric chemical sensor was studied in the presence of increasing concentrations of lanthanides (Gd3+ , Eu3+ , Tb3+ , Dy3+ ). Nyquist plots were fitted with an equivalent electrical circuit including two RC circuits in series corresponding to the bis-N-MPyC film and its interface with the electrolyte. The main parameter that varies with gadolinium concentration is the resistance of the film/electrolyte interface (Rp ), correlated to the rate of exchange between the proton and the lanthanide ion. Based on this parameter, the detection limit obtained is 35 pM. The bis-N-MPyC modified gold electrode was tested for the detection of gadolinium in spiked diluted negative urine control samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Use of Multiple Bacteriophage-Based Structural Color Sensors to Improve Accuracy for Discrimination of Geographical Origins of Agricultural Products.
- Author
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Seol, Daun, Jang, Daeil, Cha, Kyungjoon, Oh, Jin-Woo, Chung, Hoeil, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa
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STRUCTURAL colors ,ASPARTIC acid ,FARM produce ,HISTIDINE ,ONIONS ,AMINO acid residues ,ELECTRONIC noses ,DETECTORS - Abstract
A single M13 bacteriophage color sensor was previously utilized for discriminating the geographical origins of agricultural products (garlic, onion, and perilla). The resulting discrimination accuracy was acceptable, ranging from 88.6% to 94.0%. To improve the accuracy further, the use of three separate M13 bacteriophage color sensors containing different amino acid residues providing unique individual color changes (Wild sensor: glutamic acid (E)-glycine (G)-aspartic acid (D), WHW sensor: tryptophan (W)-histidine (H)-tryptophan (W), 4E sensor: four repeating glutamic acids (E)) was proposed. This study was driven by the possibility of enhancing sample discrimination by combining mutually characteristic and complimentary RGB signals obtained from each color sensor, which resulted from dissimilar interactions of sample odors with the employed color sensors. When each color sensor was used individually, the discrimination accuracy based on support vector machine (SVM) ranged from 91.8–94.0%, 88.6–90.3%, and 89.8–92.1% for garlic, onion, and perilla samples, respectively. Accuracy improved to 98.0%, 97.5%, and 97.1%, respectively, by integrating all of the RGB signals acquired from the three color sensors. Therefore, the proposed strategy was effective for improving sample discriminability. To further examine the dissimilar responses of each color sensor to odor molecules, typical odor components in the samples (allyl disulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, and perillaldehyde) were measured using each color sensor, and differences in RGB signals were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. An Electrochemical Amperometric Ethylene Sensor with Solid Polymer Electrolyte Based on Ionic Liquid.
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Kuberský, Petr, Navrátil, Jiří, Syrový, Tomáš, Sedlák, Petr, Nešpůrek, Stanislav, Hamáček, Aleš, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa
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AMPEROMETRIC sensors ,POLYELECTROLYTES ,IONIC liquids ,GOLDWORK ,ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors ,PLATINUM electrodes - Abstract
An electrochemical amperometric ethylene sensor with solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) and semi-planar three electrode topology involving a working, pseudoreference, and counter electrode is presented. The polymer electrolyte is based on the ionic liquid 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [BMIM][NTf
2 ] immobilized in a poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix. An innovative aerosol-jet printing technique was used to deposit the gold working electrode (WE) on the solid polymer electrolyte layer to make a unique electrochemical active SPE/WE interface. The analyte, gaseous ethylene, was detected by oxidation at 800 mV vs. the platinum pseudoreference electrode. The sensor parameters such as sensitivity, response/recovery time, repeatability, hysteresis, and limits of detection and quantification were determined and their relation to the morphology and microstructure of the SPE/WE interface examined. The use of additive printing techniques for sensor preparation demonstrates the potential of polymer electrolytes with respect to the mass production of printed electrochemical gas sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Intensity based POF sensors for water quality assessment
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Sequeira, Filipa da Rosa Carvalhal, Bilro, Lúcia Maria Botas, Nogueira, Rogério Nunes, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa
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Low-cost technology ,Biosensors ,Intensity modulation ,Optical fibre sensors (OFSs) ,Chemical sensors ,Environmental monitoring ,Refractive index (RI) ,Polymeric optical fibres (POFs) ,Water quality assessment - Abstract
Nowadays there is the need for low-cost and user-friendly solutions for water quality assessment which can allow for remote, in-site and real-time monitoring of water contaminants. POF sensing technologies combined with specially developed sensitive layers for chemical detection may offer these possibilities, with proper interrogation systems. POF sensing platforms based on low-cost procedures were developed and characterized using aqueous solutions of different refractive indices (RI). The POF RI sensors were optimized by varying the length and/or roughness of the sensing region. The suitability of these sensing platforms for chemical detection was evaluated through the coating with sensitive layers, namely molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) using different deposition techniques. The dependency of proteins immobilization on the POF’s surface was evaluated aiming future developments in chemical detection using POF biosensors. A D-shaped POF chemical sensor was successfully developed using a sensitive MIP layer, allowing the detection of perfluorooctanoate (POFA/PFO-) in aqueous media with a limit of detection of 0.20 – 0.28 ppb. The collaboration of researchers from different areas was essential for the success of the developed work. Hoje em dia há uma necessidade de soluções simples e de baixo custo para a avaliação da qualidade de águas e que permitam a monitorização remota de contaminantes, no local e em tempo real. As tecnologias baseadas em POF podem oferecer essa possibilidade através de sistemas de interrogação óptica adequados, combinados com camadas sensíveis especialmente desenvolvidas para detecção química. As plataformas ópticas baseadas em POF foram desenvolvidas e caracterizadas com soluções aquosas com diferentes índices de refracção. Os sensores foram optimizados através da variação do comprimento e/ou rugosidade da região sensível. A capacidade de detecção química das plataformas ópticas desenvolvidas foi avaliada através do revestimento com camadas sensíveis, nomeadamente polímeros molecularmente impressos (PMI), utilizando diferentes técnicas de deposição. A dependência da imobilização de proteínas na superfície de POFs modificadas foi avaliada com o objectivo de desenvolver biossensores para detecção química. Um sensor POF para detecção química, em configuração D-shape, foi desenvolvido com sucesso através do revestimento com um PMI, permitindo a detecção de perfluorooctanoato (POFA/PFO-) em soluções aquosas com um limite de detecção entre 0.20 – 0.28 ppb. A colaboração com investigadores de diferentes áreas foi essencial para o sucesso do trabalho desenvolvido. Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Física
- Published
- 2020
44. Sensores em POF baseados em intensidade para a avaliação da qualidade de águas
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Sequeira, Filipa da Rosa Carvalhal, Bilro, Lúcia Maria Botas, Nogueira, Rogério Nunes, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa
- Subjects
Low-cost technology ,Biosensors ,Intensity modulation ,Optical fibre sensors (OFSs) ,Chemical sensors ,Environmental monitoring ,Refractive index (RI) ,Polymeric optical fibres (POFs) ,Water quality assessment - Abstract
Submitted by Manuel Jesus (albertojesus@ua.pt) on 2020-07-23T19:30:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Filipa da Rosa Carvalhal Sequeira_Tese.pdf: 9724923 bytes, checksum: 40f5cd254e8c350f1156188bb0056c2b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-07-23T19:30:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Filipa da Rosa Carvalhal Sequeira_Tese.pdf: 9724923 bytes, checksum: 40f5cd254e8c350f1156188bb0056c2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-06-30 Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Física
- Published
- 2020
45. Desenvolvimento de nano compósitos condutores com base em compostos polifenólicos provenientes da indústria da pasta celulósica
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Gonçalves, Sónia Sofia Leça, Evtyugin, Dmitry, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa
- Subjects
Poliuretano ,Sensor potenciométrico ,Lenhina LignoBoost® ,Ácido elágico ,Nanotubos de carbono - Abstract
O licor de cozimento é um dos principais subprodutos da indústria papeleira e a maior fonte natural de compostos aromáticos. Atualmente, é utilizado quase na sua totalidade para queima e reaproveitamento de energia; no entanto, existe cada vez mais a necessidade de reaproveitar os seus constituintes e transformá-los em produtos de maior valor acrescentado. Na sua composição encontra-se a lenhina e os compostos polifenólicos, que possuem grupos hidroxilo, carboxilo e carbonilo. A presença destes grupos torna-os capazes de complexar metais de transição e pesticidas, propriedades valiosas para o desenvolvimento de sensores químicos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a incorporação de lenhina LignoBoost® e ácido elágico numa matriz polimérica de poli(propileno glicol) para aplicação como camada sensível em sensores potenciométricos. Para tal, procedeu-se à síntese de polímeros que, posteriormente, foram caracterizados em relação a sua estrutura e propriedades elétricas. Para este fim, recorreu-se às técnicas de espectroscopia de infravermelho (FTIR), calorimetria diferencial de varrimento (DSC), termogravimetria (TGA), microscopia eletrónica de varrimento (SEM), medições de condutividade em corrente contínua e espectroscopia de impedância. Após a análise da condutividade dos polímeros verificou-se que estes possuíam o comportamento típico de um material isolante, impossibilitando a sua utilização como membranas sensoriais. Por esta razão foram dopados com nanotubos de carbono de forma a aumentar a sua condutividade elétrica. Verificou-se que a adição de 1,4 %(w/w) leva a um aumento de condutividade até 107 vezes superior para os polímeros baseados em lenhina, não afetando as restantes propriedades do polímero. Seguidamente, procedeu-se às medições potenciométricas dos sensores revestidos com poliuretano com base em lenhina LignoBoost® dopado com 1,4 %(w/w) de NTCs. O estudo da sensibilidade dos sensores foi feito em soluções de vários catiões: sódio, cálcio, cádmio, chumbo, cobre (II), crómio (VI) e mercúrio (II) numa gama de concentração de 1×10-6 a 1×10-3 mol L-1. Foi também analisado a resposta redox do sensor ao par redox Fe(CN)63-/4-. Constatou-se que os sensores apenas apresentam uma resposta nernstiana de 29,4 mV/pM ao catião cobre (II), com um limite de deteção de 1×10-5 M e uma gama de linearidade de 1×10-5 M a 1×10-3 M. Por fim, foi ainda analisado o tempo de vida do sensor, atendendo ao valor da sua resposta ao longo de um mês, verificando-se que ao fim de três semanas a sua resposta tende a diminuir. Através dos resultados obtidos conclui-se que poliuretanos à base de lenhina LignoBoost® dopados com nanotubos de carbono revelam-se materiais promissores para a aplicação em sensores potenciométricos seletivos ao ião cobre (II) Black liquor is the biggest natural source of aromatic compounds and it is also the main sub product of the paper industry. Black liquor is mainly used to recover energy by burning it. However, the need to recover its constituents and turn them into valuable products is an increasing challenge. These include lignin and polyphenolic compounds that possess hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl groups. These groups have the ability to complex transition metals and pesticides, which constitutes an important property in the development of chemical sensors. The objective of this work was application of the LignoBoost® lignin and ellagic acid in sensitive materials for potentiometric chemical sensors. Thus, lignin and ellagic acid were co-polymerized with tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate terminated poly(propylene oxide). The structure and morphology of the resulting polyurethanes were studied by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Direct Current (DC) Conductivity measurements and Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). As the synthetized polyurethane were found to be dielectrics with conductivity in the range of 10-10 S m-1, they were doped with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to enhance their electrical conductivity. The largest effect was observed for lignin-based polyurethane, in which doping with 1.4 %(w/w) of CNTs increased conductivity by the seven orders of magnitude without affecting other properties of the material. Potentiometric measurements with the sensors covered by the polyurethane based on LignoBoost® lignin and 1.4 %(w/w) of NTCs were performed. Sensor response was studied in the solutions of sodium, calcium, cadmium, lead, copper (II), chromium (VI) and mercury (II) in the concentration range from 1×10-6 to 1×10-3 mol L-1. Redox response was studied in the solutions of the redox pair Fe(CN)63-/4-. Sensor displayed Nernstian response of 29.4 mV/pM only to copper (II) ions, with a detection limit of 1×10-5 M and a working range of 1×10-5 M to 1×10-3 M. It was observed that sensor response was stable during three weeks, after which it started to decrease. Polyurethanes based on LignoBoost® lignin doped with CNTs are promising materials for copper (II) selective potentiometric sensors Mestrado em Engenharia Química
- Published
- 2019
46. Refractive Index Sensing with D-Shaped Plastic Optical Fibers for Chemical and Biochemical Applications
- Author
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Luigi Zeni, Daniel Duarte, Lúcia Bilro, Alisa Rudnitskaya, Nunzio Cennamo, Maria Pesavento, Filipa Sequeira, Sequeira, Filipa, Duarte, Daniel, Bilro, Lãºcia, Rudnitskaya, Alisa, Pesavento, Maria, Zeni, Luigi, and Cennamo, Nunzio
- Subjects
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optic ,Materials science ,Optical fiber ,Refractive index sensor ,chemical and biochemical sensing ,plastic optical fiber (POF) ,refractive index sensors ,optical fiber sensors ,remote sensing ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,Optics ,Planar ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Computer Simulation ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Plastic optical fiber ,Instrumentation ,Optical Fibers ,Total internal reflection ,Optical fiber sensor ,Aqueous medium ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Cladding (fiber optics) ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Refractometry ,business ,Step-index profile ,Refractive index ,Plastics - Abstract
We report the optimization of the length of a D-shaped plastic optical fiber (POF) sensor for refractive index (RI) sensing from a numerical and experimental point of view. The sensing principle is based on total internal reflection (TIR). POFs with 1 mm in diameter were embedded in grooves, realized in planar supports with different lengths, and polished to remove the cladding and part of the core. All D-shaped POF sensors were tested using aqueous medium with different refractive indices (from 1.332 to 1.471) through intensity-based configuration. Results showed two different responses. Considering the refractive index (RI) range (1.33-1.39), the sensitivity and the resolution of the sensor were strongly dependent on the sensing region length. The highest sensitivity (resolution of 6.48 Ã 10â3refractive index units, RIU) was obtained with 6 cm sensing length. In the RI range (1.41-1.47), the length of the sensing region was not a critical aspect to obtain the best resolution. These results enable the application of this optical platform for chemical and biochemical evanescent field sensing. The sensor production procedure is very simple, fast, and low-cost.
- Published
- 2016
47. Sensor em fibra ótica para a análise do ião amónio na água
- Author
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Lopes, Nair de Jesus Costa, Gomes, Maria Teresa Seabra dos Reis, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa
- Subjects
poli(metacrilato de metilo) ,Análise da água ,Engenharia química ,Detectores de fibras ópticas ,sensor ótico ,fibra polimérica ótica ,polímero molecularmente impresso ,ião amónio ,Iões da água - Abstract
Mestrado em Engenharia Química O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo o estudo e o desenvolvimento de um sensor químico em fibra ótica de PMMA para a análise do ião amónio na água. Fez-se uma revisão da literatura dos diferentes tipos de sensores óticos e do seu impacto na química analítica, em particular para a análise do ião amónio em água. Tais sensores apresentam algumas desvantagens tais como: instabilidade operacional, tempo de vida útil muito reduzido, desempenho afetado por outros componentes presentes em água, tempos de resposta longos, ou resposta dependente da taxa de fluxo da amostra. O sensor desenvolvido neste trabalho teve por base uma fibra ótica de poli(metacrilato de metilo), que foi funcionalizada com um polímero molecularmente impresso, especialmente concebido para interagir com o analito: o ião amónio. O polímero molecularmente impresso foi sintetizado por polimerização radicalar livre por enxertia. O ácido metacrílico foi utilizado como monómero funcional, o dimetacrilato de etilenoglicol como agente de reticulação, e como solvente usou-se uma mistura etanol/água na proporção (20/80) %. A molécula molde foi o próprio analito, o ião amónio. A fim de selecionar as condições ótimas de polimerização, realizaram-se diversos ensaios variando as concentrações do monómero e do agente de reticulação. A seleção das melhores condições foi feita com base na uniformidade do polímero enxertado. Esta seleção começou por ser feita para um polímero não impresso, para o qual se obtiveram camadas mais uniformes com a solução C (4,3 mM MAA; 7,7 mM EDMA) e posteriormente para o polímero impresso para o qual se obtiveram camadas mais uniformes com as soluções C (4,3 mM MAA; 7,7 mM EDMA e 0,614 mM NH4+) e D (2,1 mM MAA; 7,7 mM EDMA e 0,30 mM NH4+). Testou-se a sensibilidade em soluções aquosas de amónio, tanto do sensor com a camada de polímero impresso obtido com a solução C e tempo de polimerização de 15 minutos, como com a fibra não modificada. Os resultados dos testes mostraram a variação da intensidade do sinal com a concentração do ião amónio em solução aquosa para o sensor com a camada de polímero impresso. A intensidade do sinal diminuiu para as concentrações do ião amónio entre 0 e 0,01 M, verificando-se uma diminuição da intensidade do sinal em cerca de 25%. O sinal saturou-se para as concentrações entre 0,01 e 0,09 M. No entanto, são necessários testes posteriores para a determinação da gama de trabalho, limite de deteção, repetibilidade e seletividade do sensor de fibra ótica. The present work main objective was the study and development of a PMMA fiber optical chemical sensor for the detection of ammonium ion in water. Literature review of the different types of fiber optic sensors and their impact on analytical chemistry, in particular for the analysis of ammonium ion in water was carried out. Existing sensors for the detection of ammonium have several drawbacks such as operational instability, very short lifetime, insufficient selectivity to other components present in water, long response times, or dependence of the sensor response of the sample flow rate. The sensor developed in this work was based on a poly(methyl methacrylate) optical fiber functionalized with a molecularly imprinted polymer, specially designed to interact with the analyte, the ammonium ion. The molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized by free radical polymerization by grafting. Methacrylic acid was used as functional monomer, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinking agent and a mixture of ethanol / water in the ratio (20/80) % as a solvent. The template molecule was the analyte itself, ammonium ion. In order to select the optimal polymerization conditions, several tests were carried out with varying concentrations of monomer and crosslinking agent. The selection of the best conditions was based on the uniformity of the grafted polymer. This selection was initially made for a non- imprinted polymer, for which more uniform layers were obtained using solution C (4.3 mM MAA, 7.7 mM EDMA), and subsequently for an imprinted polymer for which more uniform layers were obtained using solutions C (4.3 mM MAA, 7.7 mM EDMA and 0.614 mM NH4+) and D (2.1 mM MAA, 7.7 mM EDMA and 0.30 mM NH4 +). The sensitivity to ammonium ions was tested for unmodified fiber sensor and sensor with grafted imprinted polymer layer synthesised using solution C and polymerization time 15 minutes. No change on the signal intensity with the concentration of ammonium ion in aqueous solution was observed for the non-modified fibre sensor. The sensor modified with imprinted polymer has shown response to ammonium ions in the concentration range between 0 and 0.01 M, resulting in a decrease in the signal intensity of 25%, compared to the stable reading in water. Signal saturation was observed between 0.01 and 0.09 M. Further tests are necessary for determination of working range, detection limit, repeatability and selectivity of optical fiber sensor.
- Published
- 2014
48. Polímeros molecularmente impressos para a determinação da difenilamina
- Author
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Granado, Vera Lúcia Veiga, Oliveira, João, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa
- Subjects
Polímeros ,Química analítica ,Difenilamina ,Eléctrodos selectores de iões - Abstract
Mestrado em Química Analítica e Qualidade Neste trabalho procedeu-se à elaboração de um sensor potenciómetrico baseado em polímeros molecularmente impressos (PMI), como substâncias activas para a determinação da difenilamina (DFA) em soluções aquosas. Primeiramente procedeu-se à síntese do polímero impresso com DFA através da polimerização por precipitação, utilizando o ácido metacrilico como monómero e o trimetacrilato de trimetilpropano como agente de reticulação. Os polímeros sintetizados foram caracterizados química e morfologicamente por: espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformadas de fourier com reflectância total atenuada, microscopia de varrimento electrónico e estudos de religação. Estudou-se o efeito das condições de síntese, nomeadamente da concentração de DFA e do tempo de polimerização, na capacidade de absorção e selectividade dos PMI aos compostos fenólicos. Foram seleccionados dois dos polímeros com maior selectividade que foram posteriormente utilizados como ionóforos. Prepararam-se para os eléctrodos selectivos a iões (ESI) dois tipos de membranas (incorporando as partículas dos PMI): plastificadas de polivinil cloreto (PVC) e de polietilenodioxitiofeno eletropolimerizado (PETF). Foram também preparadas membranas com polímeros não impressos (PNI) e sem qualquer tipo de partículas poliméricas sintetizadas (branco). Todos os eléctrodos modificados com os PMI exibiram uma resposta Nernstiana à difenilamina em soluções aquosas com pH 2 e 4. O limite de detecção situou-se entre 2,9x10-4 e 3,5x10-4 molL-1 para todos os eléctrodos. Os eléctrodos modificados com polímeros não impressos não apresentaram resposta à difenilamina. O fenol (0,5 molL-1) e a catequina (0,005 molL-1) não interferiram com a resposta dos eléctrodos à difenilamina. Os ESI apresentaram uma selectividade elevada, relativamente à anilina, com um logaritmo do coeficiente de selectividade (logK) de -2,12. Os eléctrodos apresentaram um tempo de resposta inferior a 5 minutos, com um bom desempenho durante pelo menos 73 dias para o ESI com membranas de PVC e 30 dias para o ESI com membranas de PETF. The main purpose of this work was development of a potentiometric sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymers as active substances for the determination of diphenylamine (DFA) in aqueous. Molecular imprinting is a usefull technique for the preparation of functional polymeric materials with molecular recognition properties. Firstly imprinted polymers with diphenylamine were synthesized by precipitation polymerization employing methacrylic acid as a monomer and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as a cross-linker. The polymers were chemically and morphologically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance, scanning electron microscopy and rebinding studies. The effect of polymerization conditions, namely concentration of DFA and reaction time, on polymer properties such as absorption capacity and selectivity to phenolic compounds was studied. Two of the polymers with higher selectivity were chosen for further application as ionophores in potentiometric electrode membranes plasticized with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and electropolymerized polyethylendioxythiofene (PEDOT). Blank membranes and membranes with non imprinted polymers were also prepared. All electrodes modified with the MIP particles exhibited a Nernstian response to diphenylamine in aqueous solutions at pH 2 and 4. The detection limit was between 2,9 x10-4 and 3,50 x10-4 molL-1 for all electrodes. The electrodes modified with non imprinted polymers did not display any response to diphenylamine. Phenol (0,5 molL-1) and catechin (0,005 molL-1) did not interfere with the electrode response to DFA. High selectivity to aniline was observed with logK -2,12. All electrodes presented a response time less than 5 minutes, with a good performance for at least 73 days for the sensors with PVC membranes and 30 days for the sensors with PEDOT membranes.
- Published
- 2011
49. Avaliação da toxicidade do mercúrio com um sensor potenciométrico
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Matos, Marina Raquel de Almeida, Gomes, Maria Teresa Seabra dos Reis, and Rudnitskaya, Alisa
- Subjects
Água do mar ,Mercúrio (Metal) ,Engenharia química ,Toxicidade - Abstract
Mestrado em Engenharia Química O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu na aplicação de um elétrodo seletivo ao mercúrio, para a deteção do mercúrio na água do mar em níveis de atividade correspondentes à toxicidade aguda na biota. Biodisponibilidade e, consequentemente, a toxicidade do mercúrio no ambiente aquático dependem de sua forma química. O mercúrio inorgânico, é associado à concentração ou atividade dos iões Hg2+. Dois métodos de avaliação da toxicidade do mercúrio em meio salino foram empregados: potenciometria, com os elétrodos de membrana de vidro calcogeneto seletivos para o mercúrio, e um teste biológico baseado na luminescência da bactéria marinha Vibrio fischeri. Os elétrodos seletivos ao mercúrio foram calibrados em soluções com diferentes conteúdos de cloreto e outros ligantes, e em diferentes valores de pH. O sensor respondeu na gama de atividades de mercúrio de 10-4 a 10-23 mol L-1 e com um limite de deteção na água do mar artificial de 2,65×10-24 mol L1. A toxicidade da água do mar artificial enriquecida com mercúrio, foi medida usando bactéria luminescente V. fischeri. Toxicidade aguda do mercúrio nestas condições, corresponde à atividade de 3,72×10-24 mol L-1 (t = 10 min). O sensor potenciométrico com membrana de vidro calcogeneto, pode ser aplicado para a deteção da atividade de mercúrio correspondente à toxicidade aguda, apesar de esta atividade ser muito próxima do limite de detecção do sensor. As duas amostras recolhidas na Ria de Aveiro não apresentaram toxicidade para V. fischeri, assim, foi-lhes adicionado mercúrio. O comportamento de ambos os sensores e da bactéria nas amostras de água do mar real, foi diferente em comparação com as soluções de água do mar artificial, salientando que esta última não é adequada para a calibração. Verificou-se que o limite de deteção do sensor potenciométrico na água real não permitiu a deteção da atividade do mercúrio, correspondente à toxicidade aguda. The objective of this work was application of the mercury-selective electrode to the detection of the mercury in the seawater at the activity levels corresponding to the acute toxicity to the biota. Bioavailability and consequently toxicity of the mercury in the aquatic environment depends on its chemical form. For inorganic mercury it is associated with concentration of Hg2+ ion or activity. Two methods of assessment of mercury toxicity in saline media were employed: potentiometry with the mercury-selective electrode with chalcogenide glass membrane and biologic test based on the luminescence of the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Mercury-selective electrodes were calibrated in the solutions with different content of chloride and other mercury complexing ligands and different pHs. Sensor has shown response in the range of the mercury activities 10-4 - 10-23 mol L-1 and detection limit in the artificial seawater of 2,65×10-24 mol L-1.Toxicity of artificial seawater spiked with mercury was measured using luminescent bacterium V. fischeri. Acute toxicity of mercury in this conditions corresponds to its activity of 3,72×10-24 mol L-1 (t = 10 min). Potentiometric sensor with chalcogenide glass membrane can be applied to the detection of mercury activity at the level of acute toxicity though this activity is very close to the detection limit of the sensor. Two samples collected in the Ria de Aveiro were found not to be toxic to V. Fischeri, thus they were spiked with mercury. Behavior of both sensor and bacterium in the real seawater samples was different compared to the artificial seawater solutions, stressing that the latter are not adequate for calibration. It was found that detection limit of potentiometric sensor in the real water does not allow detection of mercury on the activity level corresponding to the acute toxicity.
- Published
- 2011
50. Nanocomposite Polymeric Materials Based on Eucalyptus Lignoboost ® Kraft Lignin for Liquid Sensing Applications.
- Author
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Gonçalves SSL, Rudnitskaya A, Sales AJM, Costa LMC, and Evtuguin DV
- Abstract
This study reports the synthesis of polyurethane-lignin copolymer blended with carbon multilayer nanotubes to be used in all-solid-state potentiometric chemical sensors. Known applicability of lignin-based polyurethanes doped with carbon nanotubes for chemical sensing was extended to eucalyptus LignoBoost
® kraft lignin containing increased amounts of polyphenolic groups from concomitant tannins that were expected to impart specificity and sensitivity to the sensing material. Synthesized polymers were characterized using FT-MIR spectroscopy, electrical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry and are used for manufacturing of all solid-state potentiometric sensors. Potentiometric sensor with LignoBoost® kraft lignin-based polyurethane membrane displayed theoretical response and high selectivity to Cu (II) ions, as well as long-term stability.- Published
- 2020
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