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Background. Delivery of occupational therapy education programs in Canada faced significant disruptions and adaptations because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Curriculum changes were made rapidly under extreme conditions. Purpose. To document and explore changes to curricula (academic and fieldwork), instructional, and assessment methods implemented by Canadian occupational therapy programs in response to the pandemic and capture their perceived impact on student learning. Method. This convergent mixed method design study employed a cross-sectional descriptive survey followed by a member check focus group. Participant recruitment targeted Canadian occupational therapy university program directors, curriculum chairs, and fieldwork coordinators. Findings. Results highlight curriculum modifications included shifting from in-person to online delivery and re-sequencing or deferring in-person components. Fieldwork placements were similarly affected and included adoption of simulations and telepractice. Implications. The development of interpersonal “soft skills” are perceived as being the most disrupted, but the impact of student learning on actual practice is not yet known.

Objectif : produire une traduction en français canadien de l’AMSTAR 2, en affirmer la validité de contenu et en examiner la fidélité interjuges. Méthodologie : selon une approche adaptée de celle proposée par Vallerand, des traductions directes et renversées ont été effectuées. Ensuite, en examinant les traductions, un premier comité d’experts a créé la version expérimentale préliminaire. Celle-ci a été modifiée par un deuxième comité d’experts. Vingt futurs professionnels de la santé ont évalué la nouvelle version avec une échelle d’ambiguïté (de 1 à 7). Les cochercheurs principaux ont examiné les éléments problématiques pour affermir la version préofficielle. Afin d’assurer la validité de contenu, une dernière rétrotraduction a été effectuée, validant une version officielle. Ensuite, 4 juges ont évalué 13 revues systématiques publiées en français à l’aide de la version officielle. Le coefficient kappa a été utilisé afin d’examiner la fidélité interjuges. Résultats : cette adaptation a permis la création d’une version franco-canadienne de l’AMSTAR 2. Son utilisation a démontré très peu d’ambiguïté (moyenne 1,15; ÉT 0,26) et une bonne fidélité interjuges (Kappa global > 0,64). Conclusion : la version franco-canadienne de l’AMSTAR 2 pourrait servir de soutien aux cliniciens, aux éducateurs et aux gestionnaires francophones au Canada lorsqu’ils cherchent à adopter une pratique factuelle.

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) intervention delivered in a group format in a 1-week summer day camp program for children referred for motor coordination difficulties. Transfer of learned skills to self-selected tasks not addressed in the group intervention was also explored. Method: A quasi-experimental one group pretest-posttest design with a 1-month follow-up was used. Changes in nine children’s self-selected occupational performance goals, as well as their sense of self-efficacy for these goals, were determined using nonparametric statistics. Results: Findings indicate a significant performance improvement at both posttest and follow-up, with large effect sizes. Self-efficacy also significantly changed across sessions on tasks directly addressed, with large effect sizes. No statistically significant changes for any of the measures were noted for the tasks that were not addressed during camp. Conclusion: The CO-OP in group format in an intensive 4-day summer day camp was effective in improving performance of self-selected camp goals, as well as self-efficacy, but less effective for transfer of learned skills to other tasks.

A family’s health is sustained by its occupational patterns. While it is commonly accepted that a health condition places extra demands on a family’s time or can limit daily occupations, few studies have reported on the occupational patterns of these families. This scoping review provides an overview of the current state of research exploring occupational patterns of families living with a health condition. Publications between 2000 and 2018 indexed in CINAHL, PsycInfo, Medline and Scopus databases were searched. Seventy-seven studies were included in the final content analysis. Findings suggest that families’ occupational patterns are more complex than simply the sum of individual and shared occupational patterns, but consist of interconnected relational aspects of occupations, rarely highlighted in studies. Moreover, testimonies tend to be predominantly from the mother’s perspectives, thereby limiting the scope of understanding of the interdependent nature of families’ occupational patterns. To better understand the complexity and interdependence of families’ occupational patterns, future studies should examine multiple perspectives (parents and children) when studying occupations in a family setting. This can be enabled by the use of a variety of data collection methodologies.

Objectif : le premier but est de produire une traduction franco-canadienne de l'outil AMSTAR et d'examiner la validité de son contenu. Les second et troisième buts sont d'examiner la fiabilité interjuges et la validité de construit factorielle de la version franco-canadienne de l'outil AMSTAR. Méthodes : une approche modifiée de la méthodologie de validation transculturelle de Vallerand (1989) a été adoptée.1 Une traduction renversée parallèle de l'outil AMSTAR2 a d'abord été effectuée à la fois par des professionnelles et de futurs professionnels. Ensuite, un premier comité d'experts (P1) a examiné les versions traduites et a créé l'ébauche expérimentale préliminaire de l'outil AMSTAR. Celle-ci a été évaluée et modifiée par un deuxième comité d'experts (P2). Finalement, 18 futurs professionnels à la maîtrise en physiothérapie ont évalué cette deuxième version expérimentale de l'outil à l'aide d'une échelle d'ambiguïté de 7 points (1 : très clair; 7 : très ambigu). Les cochercheurs principaux ont examiné les éléments problématiques et ont proposé les modifications finales. Vingt revues systématiques publiées en français après l'an 2000 ont été évaluées par quatre juges indépendants à l'aide de la version franco-canadienne de l'outil AMSTAR. Le coefficient de corrélation intraclasse (CCI) et le coefficient kappa ont été utilisés afin d'examiner sa fiabilité interjuges. Le coefficient alpha Cronbach a été calculé pour évaluer la cohérence interne. L'analyse factorielle a été utilisée pour examiner la validité de construit afin de déterminer le nombre de dimensions. Résultats : pour les différents énoncés de la version finale de l'outil AMSTAR, les moyennes sur l'échelle d'ambiguïté varient entre 1,0 et 1,4. Aucun énoncé n'a obtenu une moyenne en deçà de 1,4 démontrant ainsi un niveau élevé de clarté. La fiabilité interjuges (n=4) pour le score total de l'outil AMSTAR est qualifiée de modérée selon le coefficient de corrélation intraclasse d'une valeur de 0,61 (intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : 0,29, 0,97). La fiabilité interjuges est considérée bonne pour 82 % les éléments individuels selon les valeurs de kappa obtenues. La cohérence interne est excellente d'après le coefficient alpha de Cronbach représente une valeur de 0,91 (IC à 95 % : 0,83, 0,99). La version franco-canadienne de l'outil AMSTAR est un outil unidimensionnel confirmé par l'analyse factorielle et les valeurs de communauté supérieures à 0,30. Conclusion : les cinq étapes rigoureuses du processus ont permis de produire une version franco-canadienne valide de l'outil AMSTAR. La version franco-canadienne de l'outil AMSTAR est un outil unidimensionnel qui offre une fiabilité interjuges modérée pour l'ensemble des éléments et une excellente cohérence interne. Cet outil peut s'avérer pertinent pour les professionnels et chercheurs franco-canadiens et pourrait intéresser la francophonie internationale.

International audience; BackgroundThe Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire’07 (DCDQ’07) is a parent-report measure to identify children at risk for Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). We developed a French version of the DCDQ’07 (DCDQ-FE) that has shown excellent inter-language reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.91) and is culturally relevant for use in European countries. The aims of this study were to examine the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire-French European (DCDQ-FE), as well as establish a cut-off score.MethodsThe psychometric properties of the DCDQ-FE were examined with a clinical group of 30 children (mean age: 9.4 years, SD = 2.6) and a control group of 43 children (mean age: 9.1 years, SD = 2.4). Their parents (n = 73) filled out the DCDQ-FE at a first sitting and 70 of them filled it out 38 days later in average for test-retest reliability. The children were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) so as to measure the convergent validity of the DCDQ-FE. The cut-off score was determined with an additional sample of 42 children according to scores on the MABC-2 (≥ 16th percentile) (n = 115).Results and implicationsInternal consistency of the DCDQ-FE was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.96) and test-retest reliability was good (ICC = 0.956) with no differences between scores obtained at the two sittings (p > 0.05). Differences in scores between children in the clinical and control groups (Z = -6.58, p < 0.001) provide evidence of construct validity. The correlation obtained between DCDQ-FE and MABC-2 scores (Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient = 0.802, p < 0.001) supports convergent validity. Using a cut-off of 56, overall sensitivity and specificity were 85.0% and 81.6% respectively (area under the curve = 0.896). The DCDQ-FE is a reliable and valid questionnaire for detecting children who are at risk for DCD in a European-French population of children aged 5 to 15 years old.

The ability to perform movement imagery has been shown to influence motor performance and learning in sports and rehabilitation. Self-report questionnaires have been developed to assess movement imagery ability in adults, such as the Movement Imagery Questionnaire 3 (MIQ-3); however, there is a dearth of developmentally appropriate measures for use with children. To address this gap, the focus of this research was to develop an imagery ability questionnaire for children. This process involved adaptation of the MIQ-3 via: i) cognitive interviewing with twenty children, ii) validation with 206 children by examining its factor structure via multitrait-multi method confirmatory factor analysis, and iii) examination of test-retest reliability with 23 children. The findings of Study 1 led to changes to the wording of the questionnaire and modifications of the instructions to successfully adapt the MIQ-3 for children aged 7–12 years. The validation undertaken in Study 2 found that a correlated-traits correlated-uniqueness model provided the best fit to the data. Finally, test-retest reliabilities varied from fair (for external visual imagery) to substantial (for kinesthetic imagery). With respect to ease of imaging, no significant gender or age-group differences were noted. However, significant difference were found among the three imagery modalities (p

Objective To create evidence-based guidelines evaluating foot care interventions for the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Data Sources An electronic literature search of the following databases from database inception to May 2015 was conducted: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Cochrane CENTRAL, and clinicaltrials.gov. Study Selection The Ottawa Panel selection criteria targeted studies that assessed foot care or foot orthotic interventions for the management of JIA in those aged 0 to ≤18 years. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale was used to evaluate study quality, of which only high-quality studies were included (score, ≥5). A total of 362 records were screened, resulting in 3 full-text articles and 1 additional citation containing supplementary information included for the analysis. Data Extraction Two reviewers independently extracted study data (intervention, comparator, outcome, time period, study design) from the included studies by using standardized data extraction forms. Directed by Cochrane Collaboration methodology, the statistical analysis produced figures and graphs representing the strength of intervention outcomes and their corresponding grades (A, B, C+, C, C−, D+, D, D−). Clinical significance was achieved when an improvement of ≥30% between the intervention and control groups was present, whereas P >.05 indicated statistical significance. An expert panel Delphi consensus (≥80%) was required for the endorsement of recommendations. Data Synthesis All included studies were of high quality and analyzed the effects of multidisciplinary foot care, customized foot orthotics, and shoe inserts for the management of JIA. Custom-made foot orthotics and prefabricated shoe inserts displayed the greatest improvement in pain intensity, activity limitation, foot pain, and disability reduction (grades A, C+). Conclusions The use of customized foot orthotics and prefabricated shoe inserts seems to be a good choice for managing foot pain and function in JIA.

Occupational therapists frequently work with clients who are challenged by chronic disabilities that may often lead to handicaps. Consequently, chronicity and possible resulting handicaps are matters of concern for occupational therapists in all domains, including: practice, research and education. In 1980 the World Health Organization put forth a classification scheme to capture the long-term consequences of disease: the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH). Its use within occupational therapy was advocated. They showed that the constructs of this classification system mirrored those of occupational therapy's occupational performance model. More recently, a proposal for the revision of the ICIDH (ICIDH-PR) has been advanced. This proposal is consistent with the enablement and occupational competence models. Within this proposed model, occupational therapy is concerned with enabling clients to interact optimally within their chosen environments. This paper presents a brief review of a selected portion of the international literature on the ICIDH and introduces the proposed revision of the ICIDH for occupational therapy. The structure of this proposed classification is compared with the occupational therapy models. The implications that the use of the ICIDH-PR will have for occupational therapy are also addressed.

The purpose of this research was to examine whether children would benefit from a feedforward self-modeling (FSM) video and to explore possible explanatory mechanisms for the potential benefits, using a self-regulation framework. To this end, children were involved in learning two five-skill trampoline routines. For one of the routines, a FSM video was provided during acquisition, whereas only verbal instructions were provided for the alternate routine. The FSM involved editing video footage such that it showed the learner performing the trampoline routine at a higher skill level than their current capability. Analyses of the data showed that while physical performance benefits were observed for the routine that was learned with the FSM video, no differences were obtained in relation to the self-regulatory measures. Thus, the FSM video enhanced motor skill acquisition, but this could not be explained by changes to the varied self-regulatory processes examined.