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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to pose a major challenge to global health. Targeting the main protease of the virus (Mpro), which is essential for viral replication and transcription, offers a promising approach for therapeutic intervention. In this study, advanced computational techniques such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to screen a series of antiviral compounds for their potential inhibitory effect on the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. A comprehensive analysis of compounds from the ChemDiv and PubChem databases was performed. The physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) profiles were evaluated to determine drug similarity and safety. Compound 4896 − 4038 proved to be the most promising candidate. It exhibited a favorable balance between molecular weight (491.06) and lipophilicity (logP 3.957), high intestinal absorption (92.119%), and broad tissue distribution (VDss of 0.529), indicating good oral bioavailability and therapeutic potential. Molecular docking studies showed that 4896 − 4038 has a strong binding affinity to the active site of Mpro and forms key interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, carbon-hydrogen bonds, pi-sulfur, and multiple van der Waals and pi-pi stacked bonds. The binding energy was comparable to that of the reference drug X77, indicating potential efficacy. Molecular dynamics simulations over 300 ns confirmed the stability of the Mpro/4896 − 4038 complex of protein-ligand. Free energy landscape mapping and MM/PBSA calculations further substantiated the favorable binding and stability of the complex. Importantly, 4896 − 4038 exhibited a comparatively favorable safety profile. In summary, compound 4896 − 4038 shows significant potential as a potent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor, combining potent inhibitory activity with favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. These results support the further development of 4896 − 4038 as a promising therapeutic agent in the fight against COVID-19 that warrants experimental validation and clinical investigation.

This in vitro study evaluated the protective effect of an Si-containing toothpaste associated with different fluoride concentrations by reducing the depth of the demineralized lesions in dentin after cariogenic pH cycling. Methods: Sixty bovine dentin blocks (4 × 4 × 2 mm) were randomly assigned into five groups (n = twelve/group): RGS1 (Si toothpaste with 1450 ppm F), RGS2 (Si toothpaste with 1100 ppm F), RGS3 (fluoride-free Si toothpaste), negative control (NC) (fluoride-free toothpaste), and positive control (PC) (1450 ppm F toothpaste). The specimens underwent a three-day pH cycling model simulating the oral environment with twice-daily brushing. The mineral loss (ΔF) and lesion depth (ΔFmax) were assessed using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided a morphological analysis. Elemental analyses were performed with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used for the data analysis (α = 5%). Results: EDS confirmed the Si in the toothpaste formulations. The groups treated with fluoride silicon toothpastes (RGS1, RGS2) had significantly reduced mineral loss and lesion depth compared to the PC group. The NC group exhibited the greatest mineral loss and lesion depth. SEM images revealed occluded superficial dentin tubules and a protective mineral layer in the groups treated with Si toothpaste, whereas no deposition (NC group) or limited mineral deposition (PC group) was observed in the control groups. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the Si toothpastes favored protection against dentin demineralization, even at a lower concentration or free of fluoride, with dentin tubule occlusion, thus representing a promising oral care product over traditional fluoride toothpastes.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um instrumento para analisar atitudes de mulheres acerca da permanência feminina em relacionamentos abusivos, assim como avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas (estrutura interna e relações com variáveis externas). O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas: 1. coleta das atitudes de 27 universitárias, de 18 a 42 anos (M=23,37; DP = 5,79), todas em um relacionamento amoroso; 2. elaboração, estrutura interna e relações com variáveis externas da escala desenvolvida a partir dos resultados da etapa anterior, junto a 875 mulheres, de 18 a 49 anos (M=28,35; DP=6,87), a maioria em um relacionamento amoroso, com escolaridade entre ensino médio incompleto e nível superior. Os resultados evidenciaram propriedades psicométricas adequadas para o instrumento, permitindo demonstrar que a permanência de mulheres em relacionamentos abusivos está associada diretamente às normas subjetivas, enquanto as atitudes e o controle comportamental não desempenham funções preditivas importantes.

Mastitis is a disease that is considered an obstacle in dairy farming. Some methods of diagnosing mastitis have been used effectively over the years, but with an associated relative cost that reduces the producer’s profit. In this context, this sector needs tools that offer an early, safe, and non-invasive diagnosis and that direct the producer to apply resources to confirm the clinical picture, minimizing the cost of monitoring the herd. The objective of this study was to develop a predictive methodology based on sequential knowledge transfer for the automatic detection of bovine subclinical mastitis using computer vision. The image bank used in this research consisted of 165 images, each with a resolution of 360 × 360 pixels, sourced from a database of 55 animals diagnosed with subclinical mastitis, all of which were not exhibiting clinical symptoms at the time of imaging. The images utilized in the sequential learning transfer were those of MammoTherm, which is used for the detection of breast cancer in women. The optimized model demonstrated the most optimal network performance, achieving 92.1% accuracy, in comparison to the model with manual search (86.1%). The proposed predictive methodologies, based on knowledge transfer, were effective in accurately classifying the images. This significantly enhanced the automatic detection of both healthy animals and those diagnosed with subclinical mastitis using thermal images of the udders of dairy cows.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an integrative literature review on epidemiology of falls in older adults in Brazil, seeking to identify occurrence rate, recurrence, and potentially modifiable factors associated with these events. METHOD: This literature review consisted of searching the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS) databases for scientific articles on November 14, 2017. The following keywords were used for finding articles: “accidental falls,” AND/OR “elderly,” AND/OR “Brazil.” Epidemiological data were collected from primary studies and then compared. RESULTS: Thirty-five studies were selected. Most of them were performed in the Brazilian Southeast (15) and South (11) regions. The occurrence rate of falls ranged from 10.7 to 59.3%. The most common setting for falls was the home during daytime. The most commonly described circumstances were tripping, slipping, dizziness, and uneven flooring, resulting in falling from one’s own height. The factors most frequently associated with falls were female sex, age greater than 80 years, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms. The reported consequences were fractures and fear of falling again. CONCLUSION: As some factors associated with falls in older adults in Brazil are modifiable, fall prevention may reduce morbidity and mortality in this population.

Background and aimsObesity is a disease associated with increased oxidative stress in humans and animals, and consumption of antioxidant compounds such as polyphenols can minimise it. These compounds are abundant in malícia (Mimosa quadrivalvis L.) honey produced by stingless bees. This study aimed to evaluate whether administration of Mimosa quadrivalvis L. honey to obese rats could reduce oxidative stress in vital organs through phenolic compound action.MethodsWistar rats (228 ± 14.69 g) were randomly divided into two groups: a healthy group (HG, n = 20) fed a control diet and an obese group (OG, n = 20) fed a cafeteria diet for the initial 8 weeks. After this period, these groups were again randomised into four subgroups: healthy (HG, n = 10), obese (OG, n = 10), healthy with malícia honey administration (1,000 mg/kg; HGH, n = 10), and obese with malícia honey administration (1,000 mg/kg; OGH, n = 10) for the final 8 weeks fed the previously mentioned diets. The rats were euthanised at the end of the experiment to collect brain, gut, kidney, and liver tissues to evaluate parameters related to oxidative stress and phenolic profile.ResultsThe administration of malícia honey reduced energy intake and weight gain in the OGH in comparison to the OG. Total antioxidant capacity increased in the brain, liver, and gut in both groups treated with honey compared to respective controls. Lipid peroxidation decreased in the brain, gut, and kidney of the OGH. Both treated groups showed elevated phenolic compound deposition, including catechin, procyanidins, and flavonoids, across all organs. Specifically, the brain in the OGH showed greater procyanidin B2 and gallic acid deposition; the liver showed increased procyanidin B1 and B2, epicatechin, and myricetin concentrations; the gut showed higher procyanidin B2 and kaempferol 3-glucoside concentrations; and the kidneys had increased catechin, procyanidin B1 and B2, and gallic acid deposition compared to the OG.ConclusionHistologically, the OGH displayed reduced neuronal damage and prevention of hepatic steatosis induced by the cafeteria diet. Malícia honey effectively reduced oxidative stress via modulation of phenolic compounds in the brain, gut, kidney, and liver of cafeteria diet-induced obese rats.

We present the case of a 33-year-old patient with atypical pulmonary anatomy secondary to fibrosing mediastinitis who underwent pulmonary thrombectomy with the Lightning Flash aspiration catheter following a pulmonary embolism triggered by tibial osteomyelitis. Despite an inconclusive computed tomography angiography report, the diagnosis was made through clinical evaluation associated with electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes. Angiography was crucial for diagnosis. The procedure was technically successful, resulting in immediate improvement in pulmonary artery systolic pressure and dyspnea. This case demonstrates the feasibility of aspiration thrombectomy in distorted anatomies and underscores the importance of early intervention in intermediate- to high-risk pulmonary embolism.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The three-dimensional evaluation of patients in the gait laboratory is a diagnostic method that is gaining ground in various orthopedic pathologies and, in the case of ankle fractures, can more accurately detail the degree of joint limitation. Objective: To present the importance of laboratory gait studies in the postoperative period of ankle fractures associated with syndesmosis ligament injuries, increasing the arsenal for assessing whether the surgical approach and outcome were satisfactory. Methods: Case series of 13 patients who underwent surgical treatment for ankle fractures associated with syndesmosis injuries, evaluated postoperatively in the gait clinic using the BTS GAITLAB hardware program. Kinetic and kinematic data using a three-dimensional movement system were collected and analyzed. Results: Alterations were found in the Temporal and Spatial Parameters and in the Statistical Angles of the lower limb joints, comparing the operated limb with the non-operated limb. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that, despite subtle variations between the limbs assessed, the program was able to identify these differences in a significant way, demonstrating that gait assessments bring great benefits in understanding biomechanical limitations, and make more effective and individualized rehabilitation protocols possible. Level of evidence IV, Case series.

Abstract Skin oxidation can impair physiological functions and induce skin diseases, such as photoaging and cancer. L-ascorbic acid (L-AA), or vitamin C, is commonly used in cosmetics because it is a potent antioxidant, inhibits melanogenesis, and promotes collagen and elastin synthesis in the skin. This study developed strategies to improve the stability of L-AA in its pure form with or without caffeic acid (CA) and evaluated its clinical efficacy using an ex vivo method. Oil/water emulsions were prepared with antioxidants and normal stability tests were conducted (various temperatures for 360 days). Antioxidant activity was assessed using a DPPH assay, and L-AA content was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method characterized the inhibition of lipid peroxides in the stratum corneum ex vivo. The formulation F1 (base + 10.0% L-AA) exhibited better L-AA stability over 360 days. The formulations F1 and F2 (base + 10.0% L-AA + 0.2% CA) increased the production of lipid peroxides when applied to the stratum corneum ex vivo and irradiated; however, when not irradiated, they inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species. For greater clinical efficacy of vitamin C on the skin, nighttime use is suggested as well as storage at low temperatures.

Objetivo: O estudo objetiva construir um modelo construtivista de avaliação de desempenho para apoiar a Holding no processo de uniformização das práticas de gestão estratégica das atividades portuárias. Método: Por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com o gestor da Holding e com a participação de um especialista, utilizou-se a metodologia Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão-Construtivista. Tal processo fez uso da recursividade das etapas, pois, devido à geração de conhecimento propiciado em determinado estágio de evolução do processo, o gestor portuário constatou que as informações constantes no protótipo do modelo não atendiam fielmente às necessidades da organização. Com isso, todo o processo foi revisto e o modelo final ficou constituído de 26 indicadores. Resultados: Foi delineado o desempenho dos Portos delegados e sinalizado os indicadores em que os Portos possuíam um desempenho aquém do desejado. Com o suporte de informações geradas e imbuído do propósito de uniformização das práticas de gestão estratégica, o gestor da Holding propôs ações a cada um dos Portos que possibilitassem aprimorar o respectivo desempenho. Para os indicadores em que os Portos apresentaram desempenho em nível de excelência, o gestor identificou quais eram as boas práticas de gestão e sugeriu sua disseminação entre as demais subsidiárias, operacionalizando, assim, a uniformização de práticas de gestão propostas, contribuindo para o processo de gestão efetiva da atividade portuária. Originalidade: O trabalho advém da proposta de desenvolvimento de um modelo de avaliação de desempenho para apoiar uma holding portuária na gestão do processo de uniformização de práticas de gestão estratégica das atividades entre seus portos delegados, tendo em vista a inexistência de estudos pregressos sobre o tema. Contribuições: Contribui tanto para a gestão pública, quanto para o conhecimento teórico, pois oferece evidências empíricas sobre o processo de gestão pública de portos feito por holdings.

Background: The pathophysiology of obesity is associated with somatic, metabolic and oxidative changes which can also compromise renal and hepatic function. Treatment of this condition involves dietary intervention, including incorporating foods rich in bioactive compounds such as Parkia biglobosa. This legume is rich in fibres and phenolic compounds such as 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, and myricetin that can play a significant role in the adjuvant treatment of obesity. Thus, we evaluated the nutritional composition, toxicity, and the effects of Parkia biglobosa on metabolic, somatic and oxidative parameters, as well as the liver and kidney function of obese rats. Methods: Parkia biglobosa pulp was initially characterised and evaluated for its toxicity. Then, male Wistar rats were randomised into groups: healthy (HG); obese (OG); healthy (HPB) and obese (OPB) both treated with Parkia biglobosa (400 mg/kg). Somatic and biochemical parameters; triglyceride, cholesterol and total fat in faeces and liver; oxidative and histological parameters in the liver and kidney were all analysed. Results: Parkia biglobosa intake reduced the adiposity index; improved glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, leptinemia and lipid metabolism parameters, which impacted the minimization of hepatic steatosis and improved oxidative parameters in the kidney and liver in obese rats (OPB). These findings are related to the nutritional composition of this legume, such as the relationship between insoluble and soluble fibres, as well as the phenolic and mineral profile. Conclusion: The set of results showed that Parkia biglobosa had an anti-adiposity effect, improved biochemical including hormonal parameters and reversed the changes in hepatic and renal markers in obesity-induced rats.

No Brasil, a produção nas indústrias de polpas de frutas cresce a cada ano, gera maior quantidade de resíduos e causa um impacto ambiental negativo. Uma opção viável para agregar valor e promover variadas formas de utilização para seu aproveitamento é a transformação destes subprodutos por secagem. Os produtos desidratados têm se destacado pela facilidade de conservação e comercialização. Uma maneira de empregar esses resíduos após a desidratação é incorporar, sob forma de pós, em sorvetes, como saborizantes naturais. Diante disso, objetivou estudar o aproveitamento dos resíduos desidratados de manga (RDM), goiaba (RDG) e acerola (RDA), obtidos por meio de secagem convectiva em bandejas (55 ºC/ 48 horas), e aplicá-los em sorvetes como saborizantes naturais. Foram avaliados nos sorvetes as características físico-químicas, propriedades funcionais e qualidade higienicossanitária, esta também para coprodutos desidratados. Quanto às análises físico-químicas, a amostra F3 (sorvete com adição de 10% de coproduto desidratado de acerola) apresentou destaque para acidez total (1,00%), acidez em ácido láctico (0,91%) e proteínas (4,63%). Quanto a carboidratos e valor calórico, as três formulações de sorvetes apresentaram semelhança entre si (p > 0,05). F3 mostrou mais rica em compostos fenólicos e vitamina C. F2 (sorvete com adição de 10% de coproduto desidratado de goiaba) apresentou maior teor de carotenoides em licopeno e menor teor de carotenoides em β-caroteno. A qualidade higienicossanitária esteve dentro dos padrões, tanto para os coprodutos desidratados das três frutas, quanto para as três formulações de sorvetes. Diante dos resultados satisfatórios das formulações, sugere-se que a adição dos coprodutos de manga, goiaba e acerola seja uma alternativa viável como saborizante natural e incremento de nutrientes e fitoquímicos em sorvetes, reduzindo o desperdício, sem interferir de forma significativa nas características do produto.

Este artigo é um estudo de revisão que procura identificar algumas das mais importantes evidências internacionais a respeito do que funciona no tratamento penal, com destaque para o modelo de Risco, Necessidade e Responsividade (Modelo RNR), ainda pouco conhecido no Brasil. A pesquisa examinou os 15 artigos científicos mais relevantes segundo os critérios bibliométricos do software Publish or Perish (Harzing, 2007), publicados em inglês, localizados na plataforma do Google Scholar, a partir das palavras de busca “RNR Model / impact” com o indicador booleano AND, sem definição de lapso temporal e que avaliaram os resultados do modelo no tratamento penal. Na revisão da literatura, foi possível reconstituir a história da doutrina do “nada funciona em prisões”, identificando sua inconsistência. Referências a outros projetos de tratamento penal exitosos, destacadamente na área da educação prisional, demandaram buscas específicas que privilegiaram revisões sistemáticas e estudos com metanálise. Concluímos que programas de tratamento penal podem cumprir papel destacado quanto à redução da reincidência, além de poderem propiciar outros benefícios às comunidades e às pessoas privadas de liberdade.

Background: Autologous stem cell transplantation is a treatment modality for several diseases. Prediction of successful mobilization may be useful to optimize hematopoietic stem cell collection. Study design and methods: This was a retrospective study with data from transplantation candidates between September 2015 and December 2021 being analyzed. The medical record of each patient was reviewed to mine mobilization information. The laboratory data analyzed were CD34+ cell enumeration and pre-collection peripheral blood cell count. The primary outcome, good mobilization, was defined as a CD34+ cell count ≥20/μL. Results: This study included 807 patients. Increased patient weight, low mean corpuscular volume, high nucleated red blood cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cell and immature granulocyte counts were significantly associated with good mobilization. In addition, patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma were two times more likely to be good mobilizers than patients with lymphoma. The model was applied to a validation set to identify patients who underwent apheresis (CD34+ cell count ≥10 µL), resulting in a sensitivity of 69 %, a specificity of 95 %, positive predictive value of 98 %, and a negative predictive value of 50 %. Conclusion: Success in mobilization was greater in patients who underwent the first mobilization cycle and who had a diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Furthermore, higher body weight, and nucleated red blood cells, immature granulocytes and mononuclear cell counts, as well as low mean corpuscular volumes, were associated with successful mobilization.

Transvenous embolization emerges as a viable intervention for addressing intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF). Accessibility to the fistulous site via the internal jugular vein (IJV) may be impeded by associated dural sinus apoplexy or thrombosis, prompting the development of a transcranial approach for venous embolization in such scenarios. The presented case details the utilization of a transcranial approach for venous embolization of DAVF. This method allows unobstructed entry to DAVFs situated on superficial dural sinuses that lie beyond the reach of the IJVs. The efficacy of this approach parallels that of the conventional retrograde venous methodology. The precise location and appropriate extent of the craniectomy play pivotal roles in ensuring the success of this technique.

Abstract In this work, a reconfigurable frequency-selective surface (FSS) with a very simple biasing network that offers singleor multi-band response is presented. The proposed structure is formed by the V-shaped elements on a single-sided dielectric substrate. A PIN diode is used as active device to make the FSS reconfigurable, and bias lines are inserted for feeding. Initial analysis is performed with passive FSSs to predict the behavior of the proposed reconfigurable structure. The proposed reconfigurable FSS is then designed and evaluated. Three biasing-state configurations are analyzed: off-state, on-state, and intermediate-state. Depending on the state applied to the FSS, it can exhibit single switchable resonance frequency or multi-band response with a Fano resonance.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bioactive toothpastes in remineralizing eroded enamel surfaces in vitro. Bovine enamel blocks (n = 48) were obtained and classified into untreated, demineralized, and treated areas. Specimens were randomly classified into six groups (n = 8 each): fluoride-free toothpaste (NCT), Colgate Total 12 (PCT), Sensodyne Repair and Protect (SRP), Sensodyne Pronamel (SPE), Regenerador + Sensitive (RGS), and RGS/calcium booster (RCB). The specimens were subjected to erosive pH cycling for 5 days for 4 times/day (90 s) and treated with toothpaste slurries (1:3) for 1 min. The Vickers hardness (50 g/10 s) and percentage surface hardness recovery (%SMHR) were calculated. Furthermore, the topography and roughness (Ra) of the enamel surface were evaluated using a 3D non-contact optical profilometer, along with the tooth surface loss (TSL). Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance or Tukey’s test (significance: 5%). The %SMHR of the SRP and NCT groups were significantly lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). Ra was higher when the eroded area was treated with SRP and SPE (p < 0.05). Treatment with RGS, PCT, and SPE favored the recovery of the enamel surface compared with the NCT group (p < 0.05). The best TSL results were obtained with treatment with RGS, followed by PCT and SPE (p < 0.05). The RCB group showed statistically equivalent results for surface hardness recovery and TSL (p > 0.05). Conclusively, PCT and RGS toothpastes were more effective in remineralizing the enamel surface.

O autor Herrera Flores nos convida a pensar os direitos humanos a partir da figura do diamante ético. Mas como essa figura pode contribuir para a análise da segurança pública no Brasil? Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar a segurança pública no Brasil por meio da figura do diamante ético. Como objetivos específicos, elencou-se apresentar o diamante ético de Herrera Flores enquanto ferramenta de análise; elencar os eixos conceituais do diamante a partir da segurança pública no Brasil e apontar, junto a literatura escolhida, as relações entre cada eixo com a segurança pública brasileira. A pesquisa tem caráter exploratório e utilizou-se do levantamento bibliográfico. O marco teórico adotado é o autor Herrera Flores, junto a Menezes (2021) e Franco (2014). A pesquisa demonstrou a possibilidade e a riqueza da utilização da figura do diamante ético para análise da segurança pública no Brasil.

Perineural invasion (PNI) occurs when cancer cells infiltrate nerves or the adjacent nervous tissue. The significance of PNI in Esophageal cancer remains controversial. Therefore, identifying new prognostic factors for Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is important for optimizing treatment and improving outcomes. We investigated transcriptomic datasets and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis. The set of core DEGs was subjected to functional and pathway enrichment analyses and integrated with genome-scale human biomolecular networks. We also analyzed how each gene was correlated with patient survival. Our findings indicate that the "cGMP-PKG signaling pathway" and "Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" pathways were deregulated in ESCC. These pathways play a role in the regeneration of Schwann cells and the progression of ESCC. Also, different expressions of NCAM1 and s100 genes suggest that Schwann cells are involved in this type of cancer’s PNI. Our results suggest that the tumor can induce the dedifferentiation of Schwann cells, which promotes detachment of cancer cells from the tumor, guiding them to the perineural tissue. This study’s results encourage further studies for clinical and experimental validation of the data found.

The presence of heavy metals in the soil poses a threat to both ecosystems and human health. In order to assess the effects of human activities on soil contamination, the environmental monitoring authorities need reference parameters for these contaminants. These parameters, known as Quality Reference Values (QRVs), indicate the natural concentrations of heavy metals in soils unaffected by human interventions and should be established as essential guidelines. Although there are already studies on QRVs in Brazil, the lithological variability justifies the need for more detailed approaches. The objective of this study was to establish QRVs for Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the soils of the Jaboatão River basin, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The results revealed that the metals Cr, Cu, and Ni contained some undetected data. The QRV values (mg kg-1) were: 0.43 for Cd, 6.76 for Co, 5.41 for Mn, 21.23 for Pb, and 152.17 for Zn. The values for Co, Pb, and Zn exceeded the QRVs for Pernambuco, established by the State Environmental Agency (CPRH), but did not surpass the Prevention Values set by national legislation.

Esse artigo discute, a partir de estudo de revisão, os desafios do Estado no Brasil para a garantia dos direitos das pessoas com deficiência privadas de liberdade. Nas últimas décadas, as pessoas com deficiência alcançaram importantes direitos, consagrados em diferentes documentos legais e em políticas públicas que, a par dos seus limites, possuem um sentido geral de inclusão e de promoção da cidadania. O artigo examina o marco legal vigente, internacional e nacional, investigando, com base na literatura especializada, o quanto os direitos das pessoas com deficiência têm sido observados nas prisões. Além da consulta à legislação, a pesquisa procurou, na plataforma do Google Scholar, os artigos e trabalhos acadêmicos mais bem ranqueados pelo software Publish or Perish (PoP), publicados, nos últimos 10 anos, em inglês, com as palavras de busca “inmates with disabilities”, “rights” e, em português, com as palavras “pessoas com deficiência”, “prisões”, em ambas as buscas com o uso do indicador booleano “AND”. Encontramos que, nas instituições prisionais brasileiras, as pessoas com deficiência seguem sendo ignoradas, o que se traduz em carga dupla e extralegal de humilhações e sofrimentos. Ao mesmo tempo, restou evidenciado que o Brasil ainda não aplicou o artigo 33 da Convenção sobre os Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência que demanda a constituição de mecanismo específico de monitoramento dos direitos das pessoas com deficiência.

Although primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA) is prevalent worldwide, it is underdiagnosed. Among the subtypes, nodular amyloidosis (NA) is the rarest. There is no consensus in the literature; treatment is challenging, and no therapy has been proven effective. The authors report the case of a patient with a nodule in the nose, whose anatomopathological examination was compatible with amyloidosis, with no evidence of systemic disease. It was then classified as nodular PCA. The lesion was excised satisfactorily. It was concluded that surgical removal is an effective therapy for the treatment of NA.

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of corn dried distillers’ grains (DDG) levels in non-forage diets by in vitro, in situ (0 to 50%), and in vivo (0 to 40%) trials on kinetic parameters of gas production (GP) on rumen-degradable protein (RDP) and rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) as well as on nitrogen (N) metabolism in Nellore cattle. For in vitro and in situ studies, three rumen cannulated Nellore males with body weight of 340.48 ± 22.22 kg were used. For the in vivo study, five non-castrated male Nellore cattle with an initial body weight of 355.20 ± 35.28 kg and 24 ± 3 months old were used to evaluate the effect of increasing DDG levels in non-forage diets on N metabolism by a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Experimental diets were based on ground corn, cottonseed cake, urea, mineral supplement, and increasing levels of DDG replacing ground corn. The DDG levels caused a linear decrease in GP and in vitro dry matter digestibility. The DDG presented a lower dry matter digestibility (DMD) and RDP and higher RUP than corn grain and cottonseed cake, making DDG diets present lower DMD and RDP than control. The DDG levels linearly increased the intake of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ether extract, whereas non-fiber carbohydrates intake decreased and tended to decrease the DMD and organic matter digestibility. The DDG levels caused a linear increase in N intake and in total, fecal, and urinary N excretion, which was the major N excretion route, causing a quadratic drop in retained N and caused a quadratic effect on alanine aminotransferase. In contrast, triglycerides were cubically affected, and total blood protein increased. Thus, DDG levels negatively affect in vitro and in situ digestibility, increasing N intake but increasing urinary N excretion.

Este artigo investiga as políticas de educação musical em Teutônia/RS, buscando contribuir com o debate sobre o ensino de música escolar. Questiona-se como a música consta nos documentos oficiais da educação municipal. A pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa, método documental e a pesquisa via internet. O referencial teórico foi fundamentado no conhecimento pedagógico-musical, Abordagem do Ciclo de Políticas e legislação. Constatou-se que a música está presente nas escolas municipais como disciplina curricular e no componente Arte, com professores habilitados, e em oficinas musicais. Os resultados obtidos contribuem com os estudos sobre políticas públicas em Educação Musical, a partir da inserção da música nas escolas de Teutônia/RS.

The species Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus, also known as the 'lemon tetra', is a small characin fish distributed in coastal rivers from the southern state of Bahia to the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and also in the upper Paraná river basin, found in small rivers and lagoons. Its diet varies between small invertebrates and plant debris. They are oviparous animals that lay their eggs on the bottom or in groups of plants, which hatch approximately two days after fertilization. In light of this, the present study aimed to describe the population structure of H. bifasciatus in terms of feeding and length-weight relationship in a dammed neotropical stream located in the municipality of São Roque, SP, Brazil. Specimens of H. bifasciatus were captured in two collection campaigns (November 2021 and July 2022). The fish were collected using a three-meter-long trawl net, with a 1 cm mesh and a sampling effort of 30 minutes at each point. Subsequently, they were transported to the laboratory, where their length and standard weight were recorded, along with their stomach contents. A total of 101 specimens were analyzed, 41 females and 60 males. The species had an average body length of 2.5 ± 0.46 cm and an average total weight of 0.33 ± 0.19 g for females, and 2.8 ± 0.60 cm and 0.45 ± 0.27 g for males. We obtained a length-weight relationship of y = 0.4317x - 0.7574, R² = 0.9393 for males, and y = 0.3413x - 0.5237, R² = 0.8704 for females. The size range varies from the 1.6-2.0 centimeter class to the 3.6-4.0 centimeter class. The main food items were plant material and filamentous algae, abundant in both sexes. Finally, it is concluded that this species forms large schools near macrophytes, exhibits peaceful behavior, and feeds mainly on plant items.

Learning Management Systems (LSM) have been adopted to provide interaction between instructors and students in online learning courses. In these environments, large volumes of messages are exchanged, making it difficult for the participants to follow all the discussions. When messages are ignored, students' opportunities to effectively construct knowledge through online discussions are reduced. In this context, this paper proposes a method for mining the content of messages written in Brazilian Portuguese to enhance students and instructors' interactions in online discussion forums. Four different automatic methods were developed, one for each of the following four dimensions of the originality and collaboration processes: (i) Semantic textual similarity to measure originality; (ii) Expressing appreciation towards other participants; (iii) Recognizing group presence; (iv) Sharing information and resources; (v) Soliciting feedback/Answering questions. The use of the methods for analyzing online discussions forums was validated in a case study conducted in a real course. A discussion forum tool was developed to provide feedback for students and instructors about the originality and collaboration level during online discussions. Results showed the potential of the proposal in promoting students' collaboration, enhancing interaction and reducing plagiarism in discussion forums.

Os índices elevados de evasão escolar representam um problema que tem atraído a atenção de muitos gestores e educadores ao redor do mundo. Esse problema acontece quando, por algum motivo, o aluno abandona o curso no qual está matriculado antes de sua conclusão. A evasão escolar gera uma série de prejuízos aos diversos atores envolvidos no processo educacional e pode ocorrer em diversos níveis e modalidades de ensino, por diversas causas. Uma forma de se combater a evasão escolar – e, consequentemente, os problemas causados por ela – consiste em identificar, de forma antecipada, alunos ou perfis de alunos com alto risco de evasão. A identificação prévia desses perfis pode auxiliar os gestores de políticas educacionais na tomada de decisão, como a elaboração de planos e a execução de ações que tentem evitar que os alunos abandonem os seus cursos. Este trabalho propõe a confecção de um banco de dados dimensional utilizado em um data warehouse, para análise das características dos alunos, relacionadas à evasão escolar. Os dados são oriundos da Plataforma Nilo Peçanha (PNP), adquiridos através de processos de extração, transformação e carga dos dados. Processo de Descoberta de Conhecimento em Bancos de Dados foi utilizado para analisar quais características estão relacionadas à evasão escolar de alunos de cursos de nível técnico e de graduação da rede federal de ensino de todo o Brasil, comparando os resultados com os dados do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB). As características relacionadas a faixa etária, renda per capita familiar e etnia apresentaram diferenças significativas quando comparados os alunos que abandonaram o curso e aqueles que o concluíram.