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The color appearance of cultural heritage are essential factors for manufacturing technique interpretation, conservation treatment usage, and condition monitoring. Therefore, this study systematically established color reproduction procedures based on the digital color management system for the portrait of Gwon Eungsu. Moreover, various application strategies for recording and conserving the cultural heritage were proposed. Overall color reproduction processes were conducted in the following order: photography condition setting, standard color measurements, digital photography, color correction, and color space creation. Therefore, compared with the color appearance, the digital image applied to a camera maker profile indicated an average color difference of Δ10.1. However, the digital reproduction result based on the color management system exhibits an average color difference of Δ1.1, which is close to the color appearance. This means that although digital photography conditions are optimized, recording the color appearance is difficult when relying on the correction algorithm developed by the camera maker. Therefore, the digital color reproduction of cultural heritage is required through color correction and color space creation based on the raw digital image, which is a crucial process for documenting the color appearance. Additionally, the recording of color appearance through digital color reproduction is important for condition evaluation, conservation treatment, and restoration of cultural heritage. Furthermore, standard data of imaging analysis are available for discoloration monitoring.

This paper presents an impact-angle-control guidance law with terminal constraints on the curvature of the missile trajectory. The formulation takes into account nonlinear kinematics and time-varying velocity, allowing for more general cases in which the flight path angle may not be small throughout the entire trajectory. The proposed optimal guidance law aims to minimize the change rate of pseudo-curvature, which is defined as a curvature with weighting factors based on the flight-path angle and range to go. The analysis shows that the trajectories generated by this nonlinear guidance law have a simple polynomial form with respect to downrange. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the cost function parameter can be used to shape the trajectories along the downrange.

Two genes encoding probable α-L-arabinofuranosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.55) isozymes (ABFs) with 92.3% amino acid sequence identity, ABF51A and ABF51B, were found from chromosomes 3 and 5 of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera KJJ81, an amylolytic yeast isolated from Korean wheat-based nuruk, respectively. Each open reading frame consists of 1,551 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 517 amino acids with the molecular mass of approximately 59 kDa. These isozymes share approximately 49% amino acid sequence identity with eukaryotic ABFs from filamentous fungi. The corresponding genes were cloned, functionally expressed, and purified from Escherichia coli. SfABF51A and SfABF51B showed the highest activities on p-nitrophenyl arabinofuranoside at 40~45°C and pH 7.0 in sodium phosphate buffer and at 50°C and pH 6.0 in sodium acetate buffer, respectively. These exo-acting enzymes belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 51 could hydrolyze arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) and arabino-oligosaccharides (AOS) to produce only L-arabinose, whereas they could hardly degrade any polymeric substrates including arabinans and arabinoxylans. The detailed product analyses revealed that both SfABF51 isozymes can catalyze the versatile hydrolysis of α-(1,2)-and α-(1,3)-L-arabinofuranosidic linkages of AXOS, and α-(1,2)-, α-(1,3)-, and α-(1,5)-linkages of linear and branched AOS. On the contrary, they have much lower activity against the α-(1,2)-and α-(1,3)-double-substituted substrates than the single-substituted ones. These hydrolases could potentially play important roles in the degradation and utilization of hemicellulosic biomass by S. fibuligera.

OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in nursing facilities can easily lead to a high rate of infection and fatality A surge in newly infected cases in the first quarter of 2020 in Gyeongsan-si, in the Republic of Korea, was followed by several outbreaks in nursing facilities in the same area The aim of this study is to report on the epidemiological investigation and the management to reduce the infection rate in nursing facilities for older adults METHODS: The municipal government and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention performed an epidemiological investigation into 5 nursing facilities that reported a high number of COVID-19 infection cases from February to May 2020 COVID-19 infected cases in the facilities were investigated to identify the infection routes, and the fatality rate of the 5 facilities RESULTS: The 5 facilities had a combined fatality rate of 12 2% (9 deceased among the 74 infected cases) The median age of the deceased was 87 years old (range: 82-91) The infection was first identified on February 27(th), 2020, peaked on March 6(th), and was last detected on March 24(th), 2020 CONCLUSION: Difficulties specific to such facilities included the delay in the recognition of symptoms and limitation in distancing Tailored strategies such as daily monitoring of symptoms and proactive COVID-19 screening of quarantined residents, contributed to a decline in the infections in the facilities

Acetyl xylan esterase (AXE; E.C. 3.1.1.72) is one of the accessory enzymes for xylan degradation, which can remove the terminal acetate residues from xylan polymers. In this study, two genes encoding putative AXEs (LaAXE and BhAXE) were cloned from Lactobacillus antri DSM 16041 and Bacillus halodurans C-125, and constitutively expressed in Escherichia coli. They possess considerable activities towards various substrates such as p-nitrophenyl acetate, 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate, glucose pentaacetate, and 7-amino cephalosporanic acid. LaAXE and BhAXE showed the highest activities at pH 7.0 and 8.0 at 50°C, respectively. These enzymes are AXE members of carbohydrate esterase (CE) family 7 with the cephalosporine-C deacetylase activity for the production of antibiotics precursors. The simultaneous treatment of LaAXE with Thermotoga neapolitana β-xylanase showed 1.44-fold higher synergistic degradation of beechwood xylan than the single treatment of xylanase, whereas BhAXE showed no significant synergism. It was suggested that LaAXE can deacetylate beechwood xylan and enhance the successive accessibility of xylanase towards the resulting substrates. The novel LaAXE originated from a lactic acid bacterium will be utilized for the enzymatic production of D-xylose and xylooligosaccharides.

The importance of effective communication cannot be overestimated during a pandemic. The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency national 1339 hotline has been in operation since the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak in 2016. The hotline is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year, and provides accurate, reliable information based upon the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency guidelines in response to queries. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the 1339 hotline received callers’ questions about symptoms and the implications of their actions regarding the epidemic. Through the 1339 hotline, callers received the up-to-date information that enabled them to protect themselves as well as others from COVID-19. This public service may have influenced on reduced risk of virus transmission in Korea.

Purpose The purpose of this research is to empirically analyze the relationship between a indoor swimming pool on perceived risk & perceived benefit, emotion responses, class attitude, and word-of-mouth intention through structural equation model analysis. Methods This study set 224 members at the six private indoor swimming pools located in Gyeonggido as the research subjects. As for sampling method, convenience sampling method was used, and self-administered questionnaire was used for the survey. In an effort to verify the proposed structural model, this study used SPSSWIN Ver. 23.0 and AMOS 18.0. Results First, perceived risk had a positive effect on positive emotion. Second, perceived risk had a positive effect on negative emotion. Third, perceived benefit had a positive effect on positive emotion. Fourth, perceived benefit did not have a positive effect on negative emotion. Fifth, positive emotion had a positive effect on class attitude. Sixth, negative emotion did not have a positive effect on class attitude. Seventh, positive emotion had a positive effect on word-of-mouth intention. Eighth, negative emotion did not have a positive effect on word-of-mouth intention. Ninth, class attitude had a positive effect on word-of-mouth intention.

Infanrix-IPV (GSK, Belgium) is a diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, and inactivated poliovirus combination vaccine (DTaP-IPV) licensed in many countries including Korea. In accordance with Korean regulations, we conducted a post-marketing surveillance (PMS) to evaluate the safety of DTaP-IPV administered to Korean children in routine immunization schedules. Children aged

Two genes encoding probable α-L-arabinofuranosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.55) isozymes (ABFs) with 92.3% amino acid sequence identity

Purpose To evaluate the safety of HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine when administered as per the PI in Korea. Methods A total of 3084 women aged 10–25 years were enrolled in this post-marketing surveillance from 2008 to 2014. Subjects were invited to receive three doses of the vaccine (0, 1 and 6 months), and participants who received at least one dose were included in the analysis. Adverse events (AEs), adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and serious AEs (SAEs) were recorded after each dose. All AEs, ADRs and SAEs were presented with exact 95% confidence intervals (CI) (NCT01101542). Results Injection-site pain was the most frequent AE and ADR reported by 322 subjects (10.4% [95%CI: 9.4–11.6]); the local pain was transient and lasted 4–7 days in most cases. Dysmenorrhoea and vaginitis were the most common unexpected AEs reported by 30 (1.0% [95%CI: 0.7–1.4]) and 16 subjects (0.7% [95%CI: 0.3–0.8]), respectively. Pain (toe pain, leg pain and body pain [one case each]; foot pain [two cases]) was the most common unexpected ADR reported by five subjects (0.2% [95%CI: 0.1–0.4]). Four subjects reported a single SAE (one case each of exostosis, gastroenteritis, abortion and tonsillitis); none were fatal. All SAEs were assessed as unlikely to be related to vaccination; gastroenteritis, exostosis and tonsillitis resolved during the study period. Conclusions This is the first post-marketing surveillance study in Korea that provides 6-year safety data for HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine. The vaccine showed an acceptable safety profile and favourable benefit/risk ratio when given to women aged 10–25 years in Korea. © 2017 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Background Incidence of whooping cough is increasing in Korea. Since 2011, occurrence among adolescents and adults has risen putting vulnerable neonates at risk. National immunization guidelines now include Tdap (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis) vaccination during pregnancy and as a cocooning strategy (i.e., vaccinating adults and adolescents in contact with neonates). This study assessed post-marketing Tdap (Boostrix®, GSK, Belgium) vaccine safety in subjects ≥ 10 years. Methods This open, non-comparative multi-center study was conducted over six years at 10 hospitals in Korea. Subjects received Tdap in normal clinical practice according to local prescribing information. All adverse events (AEs) were recorded, classified as expected or unexpected, and severity and relationship to Tdap were assessed. Results The analysis included 672 Korean subjects (mean age, 44 years; range, 11–81), 451 were women and 211 were pregnant. Ninety subjects experienced 124 AEs (incidence 13.39%) of which six were serious AEs (SAEs) assessed as not related to vaccination, and 51 were non-SAEs related to vaccination (mostly administration site reactions). Overall 65/124 AEs were unexpected; the most common were 14 constipation, 5 dyspepsia, 4 common cold and 4 premature labor cases. One case of common cold was assessed as possibly related to vaccination. Pregnancy outcome was ‘live infant, no apparent congenital anomaly’ in 195 subjects (92.42%) or ‘lost to follow-up’ in 16 subjects. Conclusion Tdap administration to Korean subjects ≥ 10 years, including pregnant women, for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis was shown to have a well-tolerated safety profile. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01929291, Graphical Abstract

This paper considers the many kinds of attitude control systems including launcher. JVC(Jet vane control), Jet tap, Jetvator and Movable nozzles are used to control the initial attitude of a missile only. Recently side jet thruster and it`s applications to control initial turn and to maneuver at high altitude have been increased. How to design and develop the missile for an initial turn and a high maneuver at high altitude using side jet thrust were described in this paper.

Purpose To evaluate the safety of HPV‐16/18 AS04‐adjuvanted vaccine when administered as per the PI in Korea. Methods A total of 3084 women aged 10–25 years were enrolled in this post‐marketing surveillance from 2008 to 2014. Subjects were invited to receive three doses of the vaccine (0, 1 and 6 months), and participants who received at least one dose were included in the analysis. Adverse events (AEs), adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and serious AEs (SAEs) were recorded after each dose. All AEs, ADRs and SAEs were presented with exact 95% confidence intervals (CI) (NCT01101542). Results Injection‐site pain was the most frequent AE and ADR reported by 322 subjects (10.4% [95%CI: 9.4–11.6]); the local pain was transient and lasted 4–7 days in most cases. Dysmenorrhoea and vaginitis were the most common unexpected AEs reported by 30 (1.0% [95%CI: 0.7–1.4]) and 16 subjects (0.7% [95%CI: 0.3–0.8]), respectively. Pain (toe pain, leg pain and body pain [one case each]; foot pain [two cases]) was the most common unexpected ADR reported by five subjects (0.2% [95%CI: 0.1–0.4]). Four subjects reported a single SAE (one case each of exostosis, gastroenteritis, abortion and tonsillitis); none were fatal. All SAEs were assessed as unlikely to be related to vaccination; gastroenteritis, exostosis and tonsillitis resolved during the study period. Conclusions This is the first post‐marketing surveillance study in Korea that provides 6‐year safety data for HPV‐16/18 AS04‐adjuvanted vaccine. The vaccine showed an acceptable safety profile and favourable benefit/risk ratio when given to women aged 10–25 years in Korea. © 2017 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This paper proposes two methods of estimating prior distribution to improve the performance of rapid speaker adaptation based on maximum a posteriori linear regression (MAPLR). In general, prior distribution of the transformation matrix used in MAPLR adaptation is estimated from all of the training speakers who are employed to construct the speaker-independent model, and it is applied identically to all new speakers. In this paper, we propose a method in which prior distribution is estimated from a group of reference speakers, selected using adaptation data, so that the acoustic characteristics of the selected reference speakers may be similar to that of the new speaker. Additionally, in MAPLR adaptation with block-diagonal transformation matrix, we propose a method in which the mean matrix and covariance matrix of prior distribution are estimated from two groups of transformation matrices obtained from the same training speakers, respectively. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methods, we examine word accuracy according to the number of adaptation words in the isolated word recognition task. Experimental results show that, for very limited adaptation data, statistically significant performance improvement is obtained in comparison with the conventional MAPLR adaptation.

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of transvaginal ultrasound measurements of cervical length before and after elective prophylactic cervical cerclage in predicting preterm delivery before 32 weeks of gestation. Methods Women who underwent an elective cerclage operation at 14 to 19 weeks of gestation and who delivered between January 2004 and December 2009 were enrolled in this study (n=52). Ultrasonography was performed to measure cervical length before and after cerclage. The primary outcome was defined as preterm delivery before 32 weeks of gestation. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the most discriminating cut-off values of ultrasonographic cervical parameters predictive of preterm delivery before 32 weeks of gestation. Results Among the 52 patients studied, ten delivered before 32 weeks of gestation. Among the ultrasonographic cervical parameters compared, only the cervical length after cerclage was significantly different (shorter) in patients who delivered before 32 weeks of gestation (P=0.037) compared to that of those who delivered after 32 weeks of gestation in univariate and multivariate analyses (odds ratio, 0.402; 95% confidence interval, 0.174 to 0.925; P=0.021). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that a cervical length of 25 mm or less after cerclage was predictive of preterm delivery before 32 weeks of gestation (area under curve, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.87; P=0.029) with a sensitivity of 91.0% and a specificity of 30.0%. Conclusion Patients with a cervical length less than 25 mm after elective cerclage may be at higher risk of preterm delivery before 32 weeks of gestation.