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1. Demonstration of multi-qubit entanglement and algorithms on a programmable neutral atom quantum computer

Author

Graham, T. M., Song, Y., Scott, J., Poole, C., Phuttitarn, L., Jooya, K., Eichler, P., Jiang, X., Marra, A., Grinkemeyer, B., Kwon, M., Ebert, M., Cherek, J., Lichtman, M. T., Gillette, M., Gilbert, J., Bowman, D., Ballance, T., Campbell, C., Dahl, E. D., Crawford, O., Blunt, N. S., Rogers, B., Noel, T., and Saffman, M.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Gate model quantum computers promise to solve currently intractable computational problems if they can be operated at scale with long coherence times and high fidelity logic. Neutral atom hyperfine qubits provide inherent scalability due to their identical characteristics, long coherence times, and ability to be trapped in dense multi-dimensional arrays\cite{Saffman2010}. Combined with the strong entangling interactions provided by Rydberg states\cite{Jaksch2000,Gaetan2009,Urban2009}, all the necessary characteristics for quantum computation are available. Here we demonstrate several quantum algorithms on a programmable gate model neutral atom quantum computer in an architecture based on individual addressing of single atoms with tightly focused optical beams scanned across a two-dimensional array of qubits. Preparation of entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states\cite{Greenberger1989} with up to 6 qubits, quantum phase estimation for a chemistry problem\cite{Aspuru-Guzik2005}, and the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA)\cite{Farhi2014} for the MaxCut graph problem are demonstrated. These results highlight the emergent capability of neutral atom qubit arrays for universal, programmable quantum computation, as well as preparation of non-classical states of use for quantum enhanced sensing., Comment: 4 figures and supplemental material. V2 details on phase estimation and RB data included

Published
2021
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3. Global turbulence simulations of the tokamak edge region with GRILLIX

Author

Stegmeir, A., Ross, A., Body, T., Francisquez, M., Zholobenko, W., Coster, D., Maj, O., Manz, P., Jenko, F., Rogers, B. N., and Kang, K. S.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

Turbulent dynamics in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of magnetic fusion devices is intermittent with large fluctuations in density and pressure. Therefore, a model is required that allows perturbations of similar or even larger magnitude to the time-averaged background value. The fluid-turbulence code GRILLIX is extended to such a global model, which consistently accounts for large variation in plasma parameters. Derived from the drift reduced Braginskii equations, the new GRILLIX model includes electromagnetic and electron-thermal dynamics, retains global parametric dependencies and the Boussinesq approximation is not applied. The penalisation technique is combined with the flux-coordinate independent (FCI) approach [F. Hariri and M. Ottaviani, Comput.Phys.Commun. 184:2419, (2013); A. Stegmeir et al., Comput.Phys.Commun. 198:139, (2016)], which allows to study realistic diverted geometries with X-point(s) and general boundary contours. We characterise results from turbulence simulations and investigate the effect of geometry by comparing simulations in circular geometry with toroidal limiter against realistic diverted geometry at otherwise comparable parameters. Turbulence is found to be intermittent with relative fluctuation levels of up to 40% showing that a global description is indeed important. At the same time via direct comparison, we find that the Boussinesq approximation has only a small quantitative impact in a turbulent environment. In comparison to circular geometry the fluctuations are reduced in diverted geometry, which is related to a different zonal flow structure. Moreover, the fluctuation level has a more complex spatial distribution in diverted geometry. Due to local magnetic shear, which differs fundamentally in circular and diverted geometry, turbulent structures become strongly distorted in the perpendicular direction and are eventually damped away towards the X-point.

Published
2019
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5. Remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of GeSn on Si (100), Si (111), sapphire, and fused silica substrates.

Author

Claflin, B., Grzybowski, G. J., Zollner, S., Rogers, B. R., Cooper, T. A., and Look, D. C.

Subjects
PLASMA-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, FUSED silica, SUBSTRATES (Materials science), OPTICAL films, OPTICAL properties
Abstract

GeSn films were simultaneously deposited on Si (100), Si (111), c-plane sapphire (Al2O3), and fused silica substrates to investigate the impact of the substrate on the resulting GeSn film. The electronic, structural, and optical properties of these films were characterized by temperature-dependent Hall-effect measurements, x-ray diffractometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. All films were polycrystalline with varying degrees of texturing. The film on Si (100) contained only GeSn (100) grains, 40.4 nm in diameter. The film deposited on Si (111) contained primarily GeSn (111) grains, 36.4 nm in diameter. Both films deposited on silicon substrates were fully relaxed. The layer deposited on Al2O3 contained primarily GeSn (111) grains, 41.3 nm in diameter. The film deposited on fused silica was not textured, and the average grain size was 35.0 nm. All films contained ∼5.6 at. % Sn throughout the layer, except for the film deposited on Al2O3, which contained 7.5% Sn. The films deposited on Si (111), Al2O3, and fused silica exhibit p-type conduction over the entire temperature range, 10–325 K, while the layer deposited on the Si (100) substrate shows a mixed conduction transition from p-type at low temperature to n-type above 220 K. From ∼175 to 260 K, both holes and electrons contribute to conduction. Texturing of the GeSn film on Si (100) was the only characteristic that set this film apart from the other three films, suggesting that something related to GeSn (100) crystal orientation causes this transition from p- to n-type conduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Connecting the dots: a comparison of network analysis and exploratory factor analysis to examine psychosocial syndemic indicators among HIV-negative sexual minority men

Author

Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., Carrico, A. W., Glynn, T. R., Rogers, B. G., Albright, C., O'Cleirigh, C., Mayer, K.H., and Safren, S.A.

Subjects
Minorities -- Health aspects -- Social aspects -- Psychological aspects, MSM (Men who have sex with men) -- Health aspects -- Social aspects -- Psychological aspects, HIV infection -- Risk factors -- Social aspects -- Psychological aspects, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Syndemics, or comorbid and mutually reinforcing psychosocial problems, are associated with increased HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM). Although the dynamic interplay among syndemic indicators is theorized to be crucial for increasing risk of HIV acquisition, novel approaches are needed to understand how these syndemic problems interrelate. This study examined the associations between nine self-reported syndemic indicators in 194 MSM at high risk of HIV acquisition. We compared exploratory factor analyses (EFA) to a network analysis. In the present study, network analysis consisted of edges representing bidirectional partial polychoric correlations between nodes, which represent psychosocial syndemic indicators. EFA yielded a 1-factor solution including suicidal ideation (SI), injection drug use (IDU), depression, social anxiety, intimate partner violence, substance use, and sexual compulsivity, and excluded heavy drinking and childhood sexual abuse. Network analysis yielded a pattern of interconnectedness with the most central nodes being SI, IDU, substance use, and depression. Statistically significant relationships (absolute edge weights) were found between SI and depression, social anxiety, and IDU, and IDU and substance use. These results suggest that depression and substance use, especially more severe presentations of these conditions such as SI and IDU, are prominent interconnected components of the HIV syndemic among MSM at high risk for HIV acquisition. SI, IDU, substance use, and depression may indeed be prudent targets of intervention. Future research on the inclusion of these syndemic indicators in analytical models involving interaction terms may be warranted., Author(s): J. S. Lee [sup.1] , S. A. Bainter [sup.1] , A. W. Carrico [sup.2] , T. R. Glynn [sup.1] , B. G. Rogers [sup.1] , C. Albright [sup.1] , [...]

Published
2020
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9. Characterization of Bose-Hubbard Models with Quantum Non-demolition Measurements

Author

Rogers, B., Paternostro, M., Sherson, J. F., and De Chiara, G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We propose a scheme for the detection of quantum phase transitions in the 1D Bose-Hubbard (BH) and 1D Extended Bose-Hubbard (EBH) models, using the non-demolition measurement technique of quantum polarization spectroscopy. We use collective measurements of the effective total angular momentum of a particular spatial mode to characterise the Mott insulator to superfluid phase transition in the BH model, and the transition to a density wave state in the EBH model. We extend the application of collective measurements to the ground states at various deformations of a super-lattice potential., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures; published version in PRA, Editors' Suggestion

Published
2014
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12. Searches for solar-influenced radioactive decay anomalies using Spacecraft RTGs

Author

Krause, D. E., Rogers, B. A., Fischbach, E., Buncher, J. B, Ging, A., Jenkins, J. H., Longuski, J. M., Strange, N., and Sturrock, P. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

Experiments showing a seasonal variation of the nuclear decay rates of a number of different nuclei, and decay anomalies apparently related to solar flares and solar rotation, have suggested that the Sun may somehow be influencing nuclear decay processes. Recently, Cooper searched for such an effect in $^{238}$Pu nuclei contained in the radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) on board the Cassini spacecraft. In this paper we modify and extend Cooper's analysis to obtain constraints on anomalous decays of $^{238}$Pu over a wider range of models, but these limits cannot be applied to other nuclei if the anomaly is composition-dependent. We also show that it may require very high sensitivity for terrestrial experiments to discriminate among some models if such a decay anomaly exists, motivating the consideration of future spacecraft experiments which would require less precision., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures (to appear in Astroparticle Physics)

Published
2012
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13. Entanglement control in hybrid optomechanical systems

Author

Rogers, B., Paternostro, M., Palma, G. M., and De Chiara, G.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

We demonstrate the control of entanglement in a hybrid optomechanical system comprising an optical cavity with a mechanical end-mirror and an intracavity Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Pulsed laser light (tuned within realistic experimental conditions) is shown to induce an almost sixfold increase of the atom-mirror entanglement and to be responsible for interesting dynamics between such mesoscopic systems. In order to assess the advantages offered by the proposed control technique, we compare the time-dependent dynamics of the system under constant pumping with the evolution due to the modulated laser light., Comment: Published version

Published
2012
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14. Gyrokinetic simulations of the tearing instability

Author

Numata, R., Dorland, W., Howes, G. G., Loureiro, N. F., Rogers, B. N., and Tatsuno, T.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Linear gyrokinetic simulations covering the collisional -- collisionless transitional regime of the tearing instability are performed. It is shown that the growth rate scaling with collisionality agrees well with that predicted by a two-fluid theory for a low plasma beta case in which ion kinetic dynamics are negligible. Electron wave-particle interactions (Landau damping), finite Larmor radius, and other kinetic effects invalidate the fluid theory in the collisionless regime, in which a general non-polytropic equation of state for pressure (temperature) perturbations should be considered. We also vary the ratio of the background ion to electron temperatures, and show that the scalings expected from existing calculations can be recovered, but only in the limit of very low beta., Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures, submitted to PoP

Published
2011
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15. Fast Reconnection in High-Lundquist-Number Plasmas Due to Secondary Tearing Instabilities

Author

Bhattacharjee, A., Huang, Yi-Min, Yang, H., and Rogers, B.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

Thin current sheets in systems of large size that exceed a critical value of the Lundquist number are unstable to a super-Alfvenic tearing instability. The scaling of the growth rate of the fastest growing instability with respect to the Lundquist number is shown to follow from the classical dispersion relation for tearing modes. As a result of this instability, the system realizes a nonlinear reconnection rate that appears to be weakly dependent on the Lundquist number, and larger than the Sweet-Parker rate by an order of magnitude (for the range of Lundquist numbers considered). This regime of fast reconnection appears to be realizable in a dynamic and highly unstable thin current sheet, without requiring the current sheet to be turbulent., Comment: submitted to Phys. Plasmas

Published
2009
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20. Linearized model Fokker-Planck collision operators for gyrokinetic simulations. II. Numerical implementation and tests

Author

Barnes, M., Abel, I. G., Dorland, W., Ernst, D. R., Hammett, G. W., Ricci, P., Rogers, B. N., Schekochihin, A. A., and Tatsuno, T.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

A set of key properties for an ideal dissipation scheme in gyrokinetic simulations is proposed, and implementation of a model collision operator satisfying these properties is described. This operator is based on the exact linearized test-particle collision operator, with approximations to the field-particle terms that preserve conservation laws and an H-Theorem. It includes energy diffusion, pitch-angle scattering, and finite Larmor radius effects corresponding to classical (real-space) diffusion. The numerical implementation in the continuum gyrokinetic code GS2 is fully implicit and guarantees exact satisfaction of conservation properties. Numerical results are presented showing that the correct physics is captured over the entire range of collisionalities, from the collisionless to the strongly collisional regimes, without recourse to artificial dissipation., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Physics of Plasmas; typos fixed

Published
2008
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21. Nonlinear finite-Larmor-radius effects in reduced fluid models

Author

Brizard, A. J., Denton, R. E., Rogers, B., and Lotko, W.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

The polarization and magnetization effects associated with the dynamical reduction leading to the nonlinear gyrokinetic Vlasov-Maxwell equations are shown to introduce nonlinear finite-Larmor-radius effects into a set of nonlinear reduced-fluid equations previously derived by Lagrangian variational method [A.J. Brizard, Phys. Plasmas 12, 092302 (2005)]. These intrinsically nonlinear FLR effects, which are associated with the transformation from guiding-center phase-space dynamics to gyrocenter phase-space dynamics, are different from the standard FLR corrections associated with the transformation from particle to guiding-center phase-space dynamics. We also present the linear dispersion relation and results from a nonlinear simulation code using these reduced-fluid equations. The simulation results (in both straight and dipole geometries) demonstrate that the equations describe the coupled dynamics of Alfven and sound waves and that the total simulation energy is conserved., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures

Published
2008
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22. Principal Component Analysis as a tool to explore star formation histories

Author

Ferreras, I., Rogers, B., and Lahav, O.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well-known multivariate technique used to decorrelate a set of vectors. PCA has been extensively applied in the past to the classification of stellar and galaxy spectra. Here we apply PCA to the optical spectra of early-type galaxies, with the aim of extracting information about their star formation history. We consider two different data sets: 1) a reduced sample of 30 elliptical galaxies in Hickson compact groups and in the field, and 2) a large volume-limited (z<0.1) sample of ~7,000 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Even though these data sets are very different, the homogeneity of the populations results in a very similar set of principal components. Furthermore, most of the information (in the sense of variance) is stored into the first few components in both samples. The first component (PC1) can be interpreted as an old population and carries over 99% of the variance. The second component (PC2) is related to young stars and we find a correlation with NUV flux from GALEX. Model fits consistently give younger ages for those galaxies with higher values of PC2., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. To appear in "Highlights of Spanish Astrophysics IV". Proceedings of the VII Scientific Meeting of the Spanish Astronomical Society (SEA), Barcelona, September, 2006

Published
2006

23. Diamagnetic Suppression of Component Magnetic Reconnection at the Magnetopause

Author

Swisdak, M., Rogers, B. N., Drake, J. F., and Shay, M. A.

Subjects
Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics
Abstract

We present particle-in-cell simulations of collisionless magnetic reconnection in a system (like the magnetopause) with a large density asymmetry across the current layer. In the presence of an ambient component of the magnetic field perpendicular to the reconnection plane the gradient creates a diamagnetic drift that advects the X-line with the electron diamagnetic velocity. When the relative drift between the ions and electrons is of the order the Alfven speed the large scale outflows from the X-line necessary for fast reconnection cannot develop and the reconnection is suppressed. We discuss how these effects vary with both the plasma beta and the shear angle of the reconnecting field and discuss observational evidence for diamagnetic stabilization at the magnetopause., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures; accepted by JGR; agu2001.cls and agu.bst included

Published
2003
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24. High-latitude cooling associated with landscape changes from North American boreal forest fires

Author

Rogers, B. M, Randerson, J. T, and Bonan, G. B

Subjects
atmosphere energy-exchange, climate-change, interior Alaska, global climate, Canada, vegetation, ecosystems, future, area, wildfire
Abstract

Fires in the boreal forests of North America are generally stand-replacing, killing the majority of trees and initiating succession that may last over a century. Functional variation during succession can affect local surface energy budgets and, potentially, regional climate. Burn area across Alaska and Canada has increased in the last few decades and is projected to be substantially higher by the end of the 21st century because of a warmer climate with longer growing seasons. Here we simulated changes in forest composition due to altered burn area using a stochastic model of fire occurrence, historical fire data from national inventories, and succession trajectories derived from remote sensing. When coupled to an Earth system model, younger vegetation from increased burning cooled the high-latitude atmosphere, primarily in the winter and spring, with noticeable feedbacks from the ocean and sea ice. Results from multiple scenarios suggest that a doubling of burn area would cool the surface by 0.23 ± 0.09 °C across boreal North America during winter and spring months (December through May). This could provide a negative feedback to winter warming on the order of 3–5% for a doubling, and 14–23% for a quadrupling, of burn area. Maximum cooling occurs in the areas of greatest burning, and between February and April when albedo changes are largest and solar insolation is moderate. Further work is needed to integrate all the climate drivers from boreal forest fires, including aerosols and greenhouse gasses.

Published
2013

25. Global burned area and biomass burning emissions from small fires

Author

Randerson, J. T, Chen, Y., van der Werf, G. R, Rogers, B. M, and Morton, D. C

Subjects
biomass burning, carbon flux, data set, drought stress, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, emission, fire behavior, MODIS, numerical model, reflectance, resolution, satellite imagery, spatial distribution, temperature effect, tropical forest, Africa, Australia, North America
Abstract

In several biomes, including croplands, wooded savannas, and tropical forests, many small fires occur each year that are well below the detection limit of the current generation of global burned area products derived from moderate resolution surface reflectance imagery. Although these fires often generate thermal anomalies that can be detected by satellites, their contributions to burned area and carbon fluxes have not been systematically quantified across different regions and continents. Here we developed a preliminary method for combining 1-km thermal anomalies (active fires) and 500 m burned area observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to estimate the influence of these fires. In our approach, we calculated the number of active fires inside and outside of 500 m burn scars derived from reflectance data. We estimated small fire burned area by computing the difference normalized burn ratio (dNBR) for these two sets of active fires and then combining these observations with other information. In a final step, we used the Global Fire Emissions Database version 3 (GFED3) biogeochemical model to estimate the impact of these fires on biomass burning emissions. We found that the spatial distribution of active fires and 500 m burned areas were in close agreement in ecosystems that experience large fires, including savannas across southern Africa and Australia and boreal forests in North America and Eurasia. In other areas, however, we observed many active fires outside of burned area perimeters. Fire radiative power was lower for this class of active fires. Small fires substantially increased burned area in several continental-scale regions, including Equatorial Asia (157%), Central America (143%), and Southeast Asia (90%) during 2001–2010. Globally, accounting for small fires increased total burned area by approximately by 35%, from 345 Mha/yr to 464 Mha/yr. A formal quantification of uncertainties was not possible, but sensitivity analyses of key model parameters caused estimates of global burned area increases from small fires to vary between 24% and 54%. Biomass burning carbon emissions increased by 35% at a global scale when small fires were included in GFED3, from 1.9 Pg C/yr to 2.5 Pg C/yr. The contribution of tropical forest fires to year-to-year variability in carbon fluxes increased because small fires amplified emissions from Central America, South America and Southeast Asia—regions where drought stress and burned area varied considerably from year to year in response to El Nino-Southern Oscillation and other climate modes.

Published
2012

26. The changing radiative forcing of fires: global model estimates for past, present and future

Author

Ward, D. S, Kloster, S., Mahowald, N. M, Rogers, B. M, Randerson, J. T, and Hess, P. G

Subjects
aerosol, aerosol property, atmospheric general circulation model, biomass burning, computer simulation, drought stress, El Nino, forest fire, numerical model, optical depth, radiation budget, radiative forcing, sensitivity analysis, vulnerability, Borneo, Greater Sunda Islands, Sumatra, Sunda Isles
Abstract

Fires are a global phenomenon that impact climate and biogeochemical cycles, and interact with the biosphere, atmosphere and cryosphere. These impacts occur on a range of temporal and spatial scales and are difficult to quantify globally based solely on observations. Here we assess the role of fires in the climate system using model estimates of radiative forcing (RF) from global fires in pre-industrial, present day, and future time periods. Fire emissions of trace gases and aerosols are derived from Community Land Model simulations and then used in a series of Community Atmosphere Model simulations with representative emissions from the years 1850, 2000, and 2100. Additional simulations are carried out with fire emissions from the Global Fire Emission Database for a present-day comparison. These results are compared against the results of simulations with no fire emissions to compute the contribution from fires. We consider the impacts of fire on greenhouse gas concentrations, aerosol effects (including aerosol effects on biogeochemical cycles), and land and snow surface albedo. Overall, we estimate that pre-industrial fires were responsible for a RF of −1 W m−2 with respect to a pre-industrial climate without fires. The largest magnitude pre-industrial forcing from fires was the indirect aerosol effect on clouds (−1.6 W m−2). This was balanced in part by an increase in carbon dioxide concentrations due to fires (+0.83 W m−2). The RF of fires increases by 0.5 W m−2 from 1850 to 2000 and 0.2 W m−2 from 1850 to 2100 in the model representation from a combination of changes in fire activity and changes in the background environment in which fires occur, especially increases and decreases in the anthropogenic aerosol burden. Thus, fires play an important role in both the natural equilibrium climate and the climate perturbed by anthropogenic activity and need to be considered in future climate projections.

Published
2012

27. Quantification of nutritive sucking among preterm and full-term infants

Author

Scherman A, Wiedrick J, Lang WC, Rdesinski RE, Lapidus J, McEvoy C, Abu-Shamsieh A, Buckley S, Rogers B, and Buist N

Subjects
Infant feeding, Orometer, Neonatal, Developmental, Feeding problems, Sucking patterns, Sucking maturation, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Ashley Scherman,1,2 Jack Wiedrick,3 William C Lang,4 Rebecca E Rdesinski,5 Jodi Lapidus,3 Cynthia McEvoy,1 Aimee Abu-Shamsieh,6 Scott Buckley,7 Brian Rogers,1 Neil Buist1 1Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 2Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA; 3Biostatistics and Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 4Department of Mathematics, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, IN, USA; 5Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 6Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco at Fresno, Fresno, CA, USA; 7Research Prototypes, Portland, OR, USA Background: We developed summaries of oral bottle-feeding skills among preterm (37 gestational weeks) infants using a mechanical device (Orometer) to measure intraoral pressure changes, with accompanying automated software and analytics. We then compared the rates of change in feeding skills over several weeks (feeding trends) between preterm and full-term infants. We also compared group means at 40 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Patients and methods: Healthy full-term and preterm infants capable of oral feeding were recruited from the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic at University of California, San Francisco, Fresno, and from the Oregon Health & Science University Doernbecher Neonatal Critical Care Unit, respectively. Feeding skill was quantified using an Orometer and automated suck-analysis software. Factor analysis reduced the >40 metrics produced by the Orometer system to the following seven factors that accounted for >99% of the sample covariance: suck vigor, endurance, resting, irregularity, frequency, variability, and bursting. We proposed that these factors represent feeding skills and that they served as the dependent variables in linear models estimating trends in feeding skills over time for full-term and preterm infants (maturation). At ~40 weeks PMA, we compared mean feedings skills between infants born preterm and those born full-term using predictions from our models. Results: Feeding skills of 117 full-term infants and 82 preterm infants were first captured at mean PMA of 42.3 and 36.0 weeks, respectively. For some feeding skills, preterm and full-term infants showed different trends over time. At 37–40 weeks PMA, preterm infants took ~15% fewer sucks than infants born full-term (P=0.06) and generally had weaker suck vigor, greater resting, and less endurance than full-term babies. Preterm infants’ feeding skills appeared similar to those of full-term infants upon reaching ≥40 weeks PMA, although preterm infants showed greater variability for all factors. Conclusion: The Orometer device, accompanying software, and analytic methods provided a framework for describing trends in oral feeding, thereby allowing us to characterize differences in maturation of feeding between healthy preterm and full-term infants. Keywords: infant feeding, Orometer, neonatal, developmental, feeding problems, sucking patterns, sucking maturation

Published
2018

30. Demographic, clinical, and service-use characteristics related to the clinician’s recommendation to transition from child to adult mental health services

Author

Gerritsen, S, van Bodegom, L, Dieleman, G, Overbeek, M, Verhulst, F, Wolke, D, Rizopoulos, D, Appleton, R, van Amelsvoort, T, Bodier Rethore, C, Bonnet-Brilhault, F, Charvin, I, Da Fonseca, D, Davidovic, N, Dodig-Curkovic, K, Ferrari, A, Fiori, F, Franic, T, Gatherer, C, de Girolamo, G, Heaney, N, Hendrickx, G, Jardri, R, Kolozsvari, A, Lida-Pulik, H, Lievesley, K, Madan, J, Mastroianni, M, Maurice, V, Mcnicholas, F, Nacinovich, R, Parenti, A, Paul, M, Purper-Ouakil, D, Rivolta, L, de Roeck, V, Russet, F, Saam, M, Sagar-Ouriaghli, I, Santosh, P, Sartor, A, Schulze, U, Scocco, P, Signorini, G, Singh, S, Singh, J, Speranza, M, Stagi, P, Stagni, P, Street, C, Tah, P, Tanase, E, Tremmery, S, Tuffrey, A, Tuomainen, H, Walker, L, Wilson, A, Maras, A, Adams, L, Allibrio, G, Armando, M, Aslan, S, Baccanelli, N, Balaudo, M, Bergamo, F, Bertani, A, Berriman, J, Boon, A, Braamse, K, Breuninger, U, Buttiglione, M, Buttle, S, Schandrin, A, Cammarano, M, Canaway, A, Cantini, F, Cappellari, C, Carenini, M, Carra, G, Ferrari, C, Chianura, K, Coleman, P, Colonna, A, Conese, P, Costanzo, R, Daffern, C, Danckaerts, M, de Giacomo, A, Ermans, J, Farmer, A, Fegert, J, Ferrari, S, Galea, G, Gatta, M, Gheza, E, Goglia, G, Grandetto, M, Griffin, J, Levi, F, Humbertclaude, V, Ingravallo, N, Invernizzi, R, Kelly, C, Killilea, M, Kirwan, J, Klockaerts, C, Kovac, V, Liew, A, Lippens, C, Macchi, F, Manenti, L, Margari, F, Margari, L, Martinelli, P, Mcfadden, L, Menghini, D, Miller, S, Monzani, E, Morini, G, Mutafov, T, O'Hara, L, Negrinotti, C, Nelis, E, Neri, F, Nikolova, P, Nossa, M, Cataldo, M, Noterdaeme, M, Operto, F, Panaro, V, Pastore, A, Pemmaraju, V, Pepermans, A, Petruzzelli, M, Presicci, A, Prigent, C, Rinaldi, F, Riva, E, Roekens, A, Rogers, B, Ronzini, P, Sakar, V, Salvetti, S, Martinelli, O, Sandhu, T, Schepker, R, Siviero, M, Slowik, M, Smyth, C, Conti, P, Spadone, M, Starace, F, Stoppa, P, Tansini, L, Toselli, C, Trabucchi, G, Tubito, M, van Dam, A, van Gutschoven, H, van West, D, Vanni, F, Vannicola, C, Varuzza, C, Varvara, P, Ventura, P, Vicari, S, Vicini, S, von Bentzel, C, Wells, P, Williams, B, Zabarella, M, Zamboni, A, Zanetti, E, Gerritsen S. E., van Bodegom L. S., Dieleman G. C., Overbeek M. M., Verhulst F. C., Wolke D., Rizopoulos D., Appleton R., van Amelsvoort T. A. M. J., Bodier Rethore C., Bonnet-Brilhault F., Charvin I., Da Fonseca D., Davidovic N., Dodig-Curkovic K., Ferrari A., Fiori F., Franic T., Gatherer C., de Girolamo G., Heaney N., Hendrickx G., Jardri R., Kolozsvari A., Lida-Pulik H., Lievesley K., Madan J., Mastroianni M., Maurice V., McNicholas F., Nacinovich R., Parenti A., Paul M., Purper-Ouakil D., Rivolta L., de Roeck V., Russet F., Saam M. C., Sagar-Ouriaghli I., Santosh P. J., Sartor A., Schulze U. M. E., Scocco P., Signorini G., Singh S. P., Singh J., Speranza M., Stagi P., Stagni P., Street C., Tah P., Tanase E., Tremmery S., Tuffrey A., Tuomainen H., Walker L., Wilson A., Maras A., Adams L., Allibrio G., Armando M., Aslan S., Baccanelli N., Balaudo M., Bergamo F., Bertani A., Berriman J., Boon A., Braamse K., Breuninger U., Buttiglione M., Buttle S., Schandrin A., Cammarano M., Canaway A., Cantini F., Cappellari C., Carenini M., Carra G., Ferrari C., Chianura K., Coleman P., Colonna A., Conese P., Costanzo R., Daffern C., Danckaerts M., de Giacomo A., Ermans J. -P., Farmer A., Fegert J. M., Ferrari S., Galea G., Gatta M., Gheza E., Goglia G., Grandetto M. R., Griffin J., Levi F. M., Humbertclaude V., Ingravallo N., Invernizzi R., Kelly C., Killilea M., Kirwan J., Klockaerts C., Kovac V., Liew A., Lippens C., Macchi F., Manenti L., Margari F., Margari L., Martinelli P., McFadden L., Menghini D., Miller S., Monzani E., Morini G., Mutafov T., O'Hara L., Negrinotti C., Nelis E., Neri F., Nikolova P., Nossa M., Cataldo M. G., Noterdaeme M., Operto F., Panaro V., Pastore A., Pemmaraju V., Pepermans A., Petruzzelli M. G., Presicci A., Prigent C., Rinaldi F., Riva E., Roekens A., Rogers B., Ronzini P., Sakar V., Salvetti S., Martinelli O., Sandhu T., Schepker R., Siviero M., Slowik M., Smyth C., Conti P., Spadone M. A., Starace F., Stoppa P., Tansini L., Toselli C., Trabucchi G., Tubito M., van Dam A., van Gutschoven H., van West D., Vanni F., Vannicola C., Varuzza C., Varvara P., Ventura P., Vicari S., Vicini S., von Bentzel C., Wells P., Williams B., Zabarella M., Zamboni A., Zanetti E., Gerritsen, S, van Bodegom, L, Dieleman, G, Overbeek, M, Verhulst, F, Wolke, D, Rizopoulos, D, Appleton, R, van Amelsvoort, T, Bodier Rethore, C, Bonnet-Brilhault, F, Charvin, I, Da Fonseca, D, Davidovic, N, Dodig-Curkovic, K, Ferrari, A, Fiori, F, Franic, T, Gatherer, C, de Girolamo, G, Heaney, N, Hendrickx, G, Jardri, R, Kolozsvari, A, Lida-Pulik, H, Lievesley, K, Madan, J, Mastroianni, M, Maurice, V, Mcnicholas, F, Nacinovich, R, Parenti, A, Paul, M, Purper-Ouakil, D, Rivolta, L, de Roeck, V, Russet, F, Saam, M, Sagar-Ouriaghli, I, Santosh, P, Sartor, A, Schulze, U, Scocco, P, Signorini, G, Singh, S, Singh, J, Speranza, M, Stagi, P, Stagni, P, Street, C, Tah, P, Tanase, E, Tremmery, S, Tuffrey, A, Tuomainen, H, Walker, L, Wilson, A, Maras, A, Adams, L, Allibrio, G, Armando, M, Aslan, S, Baccanelli, N, Balaudo, M, Bergamo, F, Bertani, A, Berriman, J, Boon, A, Braamse, K, Breuninger, U, Buttiglione, M, Buttle, S, Schandrin, A, Cammarano, M, Canaway, A, Cantini, F, Cappellari, C, Carenini, M, Carra, G, Ferrari, C, Chianura, K, Coleman, P, Colonna, A, Conese, P, Costanzo, R, Daffern, C, Danckaerts, M, de Giacomo, A, Ermans, J, Farmer, A, Fegert, J, Ferrari, S, Galea, G, Gatta, M, Gheza, E, Goglia, G, Grandetto, M, Griffin, J, Levi, F, Humbertclaude, V, Ingravallo, N, Invernizzi, R, Kelly, C, Killilea, M, Kirwan, J, Klockaerts, C, Kovac, V, Liew, A, Lippens, C, Macchi, F, Manenti, L, Margari, F, Margari, L, Martinelli, P, Mcfadden, L, Menghini, D, Miller, S, Monzani, E, Morini, G, Mutafov, T, O'Hara, L, Negrinotti, C, Nelis, E, Neri, F, Nikolova, P, Nossa, M, Cataldo, M, Noterdaeme, M, Operto, F, Panaro, V, Pastore, A, Pemmaraju, V, Pepermans, A, Petruzzelli, M, Presicci, A, Prigent, C, Rinaldi, F, Riva, E, Roekens, A, Rogers, B, Ronzini, P, Sakar, V, Salvetti, S, Martinelli, O, Sandhu, T, Schepker, R, Siviero, M, Slowik, M, Smyth, C, Conti, P, Spadone, M, Starace, F, Stoppa, P, Tansini, L, Toselli, C, Trabucchi, G, Tubito, M, van Dam, A, van Gutschoven, H, van West, D, Vanni, F, Vannicola, C, Varuzza, C, Varvara, P, Ventura, P, Vicari, S, Vicini, S, von Bentzel, C, Wells, P, Williams, B, Zabarella, M, Zamboni, A, Zanetti, E, Gerritsen S. E., van Bodegom L. S., Dieleman G. C., Overbeek M. M., Verhulst F. C., Wolke D., Rizopoulos D., Appleton R., van Amelsvoort T. A. M. J., Bodier Rethore C., Bonnet-Brilhault F., Charvin I., Da Fonseca D., Davidovic N., Dodig-Curkovic K., Ferrari A., Fiori F., Franic T., Gatherer C., de Girolamo G., Heaney N., Hendrickx G., Jardri R., Kolozsvari A., Lida-Pulik H., Lievesley K., Madan J., Mastroianni M., Maurice V., McNicholas F., Nacinovich R., Parenti A., Paul M., Purper-Ouakil D., Rivolta L., de Roeck V., Russet F., Saam M. C., Sagar-Ouriaghli I., Santosh P. J., Sartor A., Schulze U. M. E., Scocco P., Signorini G., Singh S. P., Singh J., Speranza M., Stagi P., Stagni P., Street C., Tah P., Tanase E., Tremmery S., Tuffrey A., Tuomainen H., Walker L., Wilson A., Maras A., Adams L., Allibrio G., Armando M., Aslan S., Baccanelli N., Balaudo M., Bergamo F., Bertani A., Berriman J., Boon A., Braamse K., Breuninger U., Buttiglione M., Buttle S., Schandrin A., Cammarano M., Canaway A., Cantini F., Cappellari C., Carenini M., Carra G., Ferrari C., Chianura K., Coleman P., Colonna A., Conese P., Costanzo R., Daffern C., Danckaerts M., de Giacomo A., Ermans J. -P., Farmer A., Fegert J. M., Ferrari S., Galea G., Gatta M., Gheza E., Goglia G., Grandetto M. R., Griffin J., Levi F. M., Humbertclaude V., Ingravallo N., Invernizzi R., Kelly C., Killilea M., Kirwan J., Klockaerts C., Kovac V., Liew A., Lippens C., Macchi F., Manenti L., Margari F., Margari L., Martinelli P., McFadden L., Menghini D., Miller S., Monzani E., Morini G., Mutafov T., O'Hara L., Negrinotti C., Nelis E., Neri F., Nikolova P., Nossa M., Cataldo M. G., Noterdaeme M., Operto F., Panaro V., Pastore A., Pemmaraju V., Pepermans A., Petruzzelli M. G., Presicci A., Prigent C., Rinaldi F., Riva E., Roekens A., Rogers B., Ronzini P., Sakar V., Salvetti S., Martinelli O., Sandhu T., Schepker R., Siviero M., Slowik M., Smyth C., Conti P., Spadone M. A., Starace F., Stoppa P., Tansini L., Toselli C., Trabucchi G., Tubito M., van Dam A., van Gutschoven H., van West D., Vanni F., Vannicola C., Varuzza C., Varvara P., Ventura P., Vicari S., Vicini S., von Bentzel C., Wells P., Williams B., Zabarella M., Zamboni A., and Zanetti E.

Abstract

Purpose: The service configuration with distinct child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and adult mental health services (AMHS) may be a barrier to continuity of care. Because of a lack of transition policy, CAMHS clinicians have to decide whether and when a young person should transition to AMHS. This study describes which characteristics are associated with the clinicians’ advice to continue treatment at AMHS. Methods: Demographic, family, clinical, treatment, and service-use characteristics of the MILESTONE cohort of 763 young people from 39 CAMHS in Europe were assessed using multi-informant and standardized assessment tools. Logistic mixed models were fitted to assess the relationship between these characteristics and clinicians’ transition recommendations. Results: Young people with higher clinician-rated severity of psychopathology scores, with self- and parent-reported need for ongoing treatment, with lower everyday functional skills and without self-reported psychotic experiences were more likely to be recommended to continue treatment. Among those who had been recommended to continue treatment, young people who used psychotropic medication, who had been in CAMHS for more than a year, and for whom appropriate AMHS were available were more likely to be recommended to continue treatment at AMHS. Young people whose parents indicated a need for ongoing treatment were more likely to be recommended to stay in CAMHS. Conclusion: Although the decision regarding continuity of treatment was mostly determined by a small set of clinical characteristics, the recommendation to continue treatment at AMHS was mostly affected by service-use related characteristics, such as the availability of appropriate services.

Published
2022

32. Longer-term Mortality and Kidney Outcomes of Participants in the Combination Antibiotics for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CAMERA2) Trial: A Post Hoc Analysis

Author

Legg, A, Roberts, MA, Davies, J, Cass, A, Meagher, N, Sud, A, Daitch, V, Benattar, YD, Yahav, D, Paul, M, Chen, X, Ping, YH, Lye, D, Lee, R, Robinson, JO, Foo, H, Tramontana, AR, Bak, N, Grenfell, A, Rogers, B, Li, Y, Joshi, N, O'Sullivan, M, McKew, G, Ghosh, N, Schneider, K, Holmes, NE, Dotel, R, Chia, T, Archuleta, S, Smith, S, Warner, MS, Titin, C, Kalimuddin, S, Roberts, JA, Tong, SYC, Davis, JS, Legg, A, Roberts, MA, Davies, J, Cass, A, Meagher, N, Sud, A, Daitch, V, Benattar, YD, Yahav, D, Paul, M, Chen, X, Ping, YH, Lye, D, Lee, R, Robinson, JO, Foo, H, Tramontana, AR, Bak, N, Grenfell, A, Rogers, B, Li, Y, Joshi, N, O'Sullivan, M, McKew, G, Ghosh, N, Schneider, K, Holmes, NE, Dotel, R, Chia, T, Archuleta, S, Smith, S, Warner, MS, Titin, C, Kalimuddin, S, Roberts, JA, Tong, SYC, and Davis, JS

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Combination Antibiotic Therapy for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CAMERA2) trial ceased recruitment in July 2018, noting that a higher proportion of patients in the intervention arm (combination therapy) developed acute kidney injury (AKI) compared to the standard therapy (monotherapy) arm. We analyzed the long-term outcomes of participants in CAMERA2 to understand the impact of combination antibiotic therapy and AKI. METHODS: Trial sites obtained additional follow-up data. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, censored at death or the date of last known follow-up. Secondary outcomes included kidney failure or a reduction in kidney function (a 40% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate to <60 mL/minute/1.73 m2). To determine independent predictors of mortality in this cohort, adjusted hazard ratios were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: This post hoc analysis included extended follow-up data for 260 patients. Overall, 123 of 260 (47%) of participants died, with a median population survival estimate of 3.4 years (235 deaths per 1000 person-years). Fifty-five patients died within 90 days after CAMERA2 trial randomization; another 68 deaths occurred after day 90. Using univariable Cox proportional hazards regression, mortality was not associated with either the assigned treatment arm in CAMERA2 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.84 [95% confidence interval [CI], .59-1.19]; P = .33) or experiencing an AKI (HR at 1 year, 1.04 [95% CI, .64-1.68]; P = .88). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of patients hospitalized with methicillin-resistant S aureus bacteremia, we found no association between either treatment arm of the CAMERA2 trial or AKI (using CAMERA2 trial definition) and longer-term mortality.

Published
2023

33. Predictors for Prolonged Hospital Stay Solely to Complete Intravenous Antifungal Treatment in Patients with Candidemia: Results from the ECMM Candida III Multinational European Observational Cohort Study.

Author

Egger, M., Salmanton-García, J., Barac, A., Gangneux, J.P., Guegan, H., Arsic-Arsenijevic, V., Matos, T., Tomazin, R., Klimko, N., Bassetti, M., Hammarström, H., Meijer, E.F.J., Meis, J.F., Prattes, J., Krause, R., Resat Sipahi, O., Scharmann, U., White, P.L., Desoubeaux, G., García-Rodríguez, J., Garcia-Vidal, C., Martín-Pérez, S., Ruiz, M., Tumbarello, M., Talento, A.F., Rogers, B., Lagrou, K., Praet, J. Van, Arikan-Akdagli, S., Arendrup, M.C., Koehler, P., Cornely, O.A., Hoenigl, M., Egger, M., Salmanton-García, J., Barac, A., Gangneux, J.P., Guegan, H., Arsic-Arsenijevic, V., Matos, T., Tomazin, R., Klimko, N., Bassetti, M., Hammarström, H., Meijer, E.F.J., Meis, J.F., Prattes, J., Krause, R., Resat Sipahi, O., Scharmann, U., White, P.L., Desoubeaux, G., García-Rodríguez, J., Garcia-Vidal, C., Martín-Pérez, S., Ruiz, M., Tumbarello, M., Talento, A.F., Rogers, B., Lagrou, K., Praet, J. Van, Arikan-Akdagli, S., Arendrup, M.C., Koehler, P., Cornely, O.A., and Hoenigl, M.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 300092.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: To date, azoles represent the only viable option for oral treatment of invasive Candida infections, while rates of azole resistance among non-albicans Candida spp. continue to increase. The objective of this sub-analysis of the European multicenter observational cohort study Candida III was to describe demographical and clinical characteristics of the cohort requiring prolonged hospitalization solely to complete intravenous (iv) antifungal treatment (AF Tx). METHODS: Each participating hospital (number of eligible hospitals per country determined by population size) included the first ~ 10 blood culture proven adult candidemia cases occurring consecutively after July 1st, 2018, and treating physicians answered the question on whether hospital stay was prolonged only for completion of intravenous antifungal therapy. Descriptive analyses as well as binary logistic regression was used to assess for predictors of prolonged hospitalization solely to complete iv AF Tx. FINDINGS: Hospital stay was prolonged solely for the completion of iv AF Tx in 16% (100/621) of candidemia cases by a median of 16 days (IQR 8 - 28). In the multivariable model, initial echinocandin treatment was a positive predictor for prolonged hospitalization to complete iv AF Tx (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.55 - 5.32, p < 0.001), while (i) neutropenia, (ii) intensive care unit admission, (iii) catheter related candidemia, (iv) total parenteral nutrition, and (v) C. parapsilosis as causative pathogen were found to be negative predictors (aOR 0.22 - 0.45; p < 0.03). INTERPRETATION: Hospital stays were prolonged due to need of iv AF Tx in 16% of patients with candidemia. Those patients were more likely to receive echinocandins as initial treatment and were less severely ill and less likely infected with C. parapsilosis., 01 december 2023

Published
2023

34. Guideline adherence and survival of patients with candidaemia in Europe: results from the ECMM Candida III multinational European observational cohort study

Author

Hoenigl, M., Salmanton-García, J., Egger, M., Gangneux, J.P., Bicanic, T., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Alastruey-Izquierdo, A., Klimko, N., Barac, A., Özenci, V., Meijer, E.F.J., Khanna, N., Bassetti, M., Rautemaa-Richardson, R., Lagrou, K., Adam, K.M., Akalin, E.H., Akova, M., Arsenijevic, V. Arsic, Aujayeb, A., Blennow, O., Bretagne, S., Danion, F., Denis, B., Jonge, N.A. de, Desoubeaux, G., Drgona, L., Erben, N., Gori, A., Rodríguez, J. García, Garcia-Vidal, C., Giacobbe, D.R., Goodman, A.L., Hamal, P., Hammarström, H., Toscano, C., Lanternier, F., Lass-Flörl, C., Lockhart, D.E.A., Longval, T., Loughlin, L., Matos, T., Mikulska, M., Narayanan, M., Martín-Pérez, S., Prattes, J., Rogers, B., Rahimli, L., Ruiz, M., Roilides, E., Samarkos, M., Scharmann, U., Sili, U., Sipahi, O.R., Sivakova, A., Steinmann, J., Trauth, J., Turhan, O., Praet, J. Van, Vena, A., White, P.L., Willinger, B., Tortorano, A.M., Arendrup, M.C., Koehler, P., Cornely, O.A., Hoenigl, M., Salmanton-García, J., Egger, M., Gangneux, J.P., Bicanic, T., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Alastruey-Izquierdo, A., Klimko, N., Barac, A., Özenci, V., Meijer, E.F.J., Khanna, N., Bassetti, M., Rautemaa-Richardson, R., Lagrou, K., Adam, K.M., Akalin, E.H., Akova, M., Arsenijevic, V. Arsic, Aujayeb, A., Blennow, O., Bretagne, S., Danion, F., Denis, B., Jonge, N.A. de, Desoubeaux, G., Drgona, L., Erben, N., Gori, A., Rodríguez, J. García, Garcia-Vidal, C., Giacobbe, D.R., Goodman, A.L., Hamal, P., Hammarström, H., Toscano, C., Lanternier, F., Lass-Flörl, C., Lockhart, D.E.A., Longval, T., Loughlin, L., Matos, T., Mikulska, M., Narayanan, M., Martín-Pérez, S., Prattes, J., Rogers, B., Rahimli, L., Ruiz, M., Roilides, E., Samarkos, M., Scharmann, U., Sili, U., Sipahi, O.R., Sivakova, A., Steinmann, J., Trauth, J., Turhan, O., Praet, J. Van, Vena, A., White, P.L., Willinger, B., Tortorano, A.M., Arendrup, M.C., Koehler, P., and Cornely, O.A.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) collected data on epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes of patients with culture-proven candidaemia across Europe to assess how adherence to guideline recommendations is associated with outcomes. METHODS: In this observational cohort study, 64 participating hospitals located in 20 European countries, with the number of eligible hospitals per country determined by population size, included the first ten consecutive adults with culture-proven candidaemia after July 1, 2018, and entered data into the ECMM Candida Registry (FungiScope CandiReg). We assessed ECMM Quality of Clinical Candidaemia Management (EQUAL Candida) scores reflecting adherence to recommendations of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. FINDINGS: 632 patients with candidaemia were included from 64 institutions. Overall 90-day mortality was 43% (265/617), and increasing age, intensive care unit admission, point increases in the Charlson comorbidity index score, and Candida tropicalis as causative pathogen were independent baseline predictors of mortality in Cox regression analysis. EQUAL Candida score remained an independent predictor of mortality in the multivariable Cox regression analyses after adjusting for the baseline predictors, even after restricting the analysis to patients who survived for more than 7 days after diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio 1·08 [95% CI 1·04-1·11; p<0·0001] in patients with a central venous catheter and 1·09 [1·05-1·13; p<0·0001] in those without one, per one score point decrease). Median duration of hospital stay was 15 days (IQR 4-30) after diagnosis of candidaemia and was extended specifically for completion of parenteral therapy in 100 (16%) of 621 patients. Initial echinocandin treatment was associated with lower overall mortality and longer duration of hospital stay among survivors than treatment

Published
2023

35. Lace Collars

Author

Williamson, L, Rogers, B, Heffer, C, Williamson, L, Rogers, B, and Heffer, C

Abstract

Paper lace Collars, Cuffs, Shirt Fronts, machine stitched, paper waste, woodblock printed

Published
2023

36. The ABCflux database: Arctic-boreal CO2flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems

Author

Virkkala, A., Natali, S., Rogers, B., Watts, J., Savage, K., Connon, S., Mauritz, M., Schuur, E., Peter, D., Minions, C., Nojeim, J., Commane, R., Emmerton, C., Göckede, M., Helbig, M., Holl, D., Iwata, H., Kobayashi, H., Kolari, P., López-Blanco, E., Marushchak, M., Mastepanov, M., Merbold, L., Parmentier, F., Peichl, M., Sachs, T., Sonnentag, O., Ueyama, M., Voigt, C., Aurela, M., Boike, J., Celis, G., Chae, N., Christensen, T., Bret-Harte, M., Dengel, S., Dolman, H., Edgar, C., Elberling, B., Euskirchen, E., Grelle, A., Hatakka, J., Humphreys, E., Järveoja, J., Kotani, A., Kutzbach, L., Laurila, T., Lohila, A., Mammarella, I., Matsuura, Y., Meyer, G., Nilsson, M., Oberbauer, S., Park, S., Petrov, R., Prokushkin, A., Schulze, C., St.Louis, V., Tuittila, E., Tuovinen, J., Quinton, W., Varlagin, A., Zona, D., Zyryanov, V., Earth Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, and Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences)

Subjects
hiilidioksidi, arktinen alue, maaperä, Climate Research, EDDY COVARIANCE TECHNIQUE, CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE, SPATIAL VARIABILITY, kausivaihtelut, FOREST, 114 Physical sciences, PERMAFROST CARBON, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, TUNDRA, Atmospheric Sciences, NET, kasvihuonekaasut, Geochemistry, RESPIRATION, Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, SDG 13 - Climate Action, STOCKS, päästöt, tutkimusaineisto, CHAMBER
Abstract

Past efforts to synthesize and quantify the magnitude and change in carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems across the rapidly warming Arctic–boreal zone (ABZ) have provided valuable information but were limited in their geographical and temporal coverage. Furthermore, these efforts have been based on data aggregated over varying time periods, often with only minimal site ancillary data, thus limiting their potential to be used in large-scale carbon budget assessments. To bridge these gaps, we developed a standardized monthly database of Arctic–boreal CO2 fluxes (ABCflux) that aggregates in situ measurements of terrestrial net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its derived partitioned component fluxes: gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration. The data span from 1989 to 2020 with over 70 supporting variables that describe key site conditions (e.g., vegetation and disturbance type), micrometeorological and environmental measurements (e.g., air and soil temperatures), and flux measurement techniques. Here, we describe these variables, the spatial and temporal distribution of observations, the main strengths and limitations of the database, and the potential research opportunities it enables. In total, ABCflux includes 244 sites and 6309 monthly observations; 136 sites and 2217 monthly observations represent tundra, and 108 sites and 4092 observations represent the boreal biome. The database includes fluxes estimated with chamber (19 % of the monthly observations), snow diffusion (3 %) and eddy covariance (78 %) techniques. The largest number of observations were collected during the climatological summer (June–August; 32 %), and fewer observations were available for autumn (September–October; 25 %), winter (December–February; 18 %), and spring (March–May; 25 %). ABCflux can be used in a wide array of empirical, remote sensing and modeling studies to improve understanding of the regional and temporal variability in CO2 fluxes and to better estimate the terrestrial ABZ CO2 budget. ABCflux is openly and freely available online (Virkkala et al., 2021b, https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1934).

Published
2022
Full Text
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38. Data review for 3LN redfish in preparation for an updated management strategy evaluation

Author

Perreault, A. (Andrea), Rogers, B. (Bob), González-Troncoso, D. (Diana), Rideout, R. (Rick), Simpson, M. (Mark), Dwyer, K. (Karen), Varkey, D. (Divya), and NAFO

Subjects
fish, radio, NAFO, data, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, fisheries, Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Pesquerías, management, Scientific survey
Abstract

Data review for 3LN redfish in preparation for an updated management strategy evaluation, SI

Published
2022

40. The Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform Trial Protocol: New Tools for an Old Foe

Author

Tong, S.Y.C., Mora, J., Bowen, A.C., Cheng, M.P., Daneman, N., Goodman, A.L., Heriot, G.S., Lee, T.C., Lewis, R.J., Lye, D.C., Mahar, R.K., Marsh, J., McGlothlin, A., McQuilten, Z., Morpeth, S.C., Paterson, D.L., Price, D.J., Roberts, J.A., Robinson, J.O., van Hal, S.J., Walls, G., Webb, S.A., Whiteway, L., Yahav, D., Davis, J.S., Anagnostou, N., Archuleta, S., Athan, E., Best, E., Bloomfield, M., Botheras, C., Bowen, A., Britton, P., Brown, K., Campbell, A., Carter, H., Cheng, M., Chew, K.L., Chong, R.L.M., Coombs, G., Daley, P., Davies, J., Davis, J., Dishon, Y., Dotel, R., Dunlop, A., Flack, F., Flanagan, K., Foo, H., Ghanem-Zoubi, N., Giulieri, S., Goodman, A., Grant, J., Gregson, D., Guy, S., Gwee, A., Hardy, E., Henderson, A., Heriot, G., Howden, B., Johnstone, J., Kalimuddin, S., de Kretser, D., Kwa, A., Lee, T., Legg, A., Lewis, R., Lumley, T., Lye, D., MacFadden, D., Mahar, R., Malhamé, I., Marks, M., Martinello, M., Matthews, G., McArthur, C., McKew, G., McMullan, B., Milliken, E., Morpeth, S., Murthy, S., Nourse, C., O’Sullivan, M., Paterson, D., Paul, M., Petersiel, N., Petrella, L., Price, D., Roberts, J., Rogers, B., Saville, B., Scheetz, M., Scheuerman, O., Schwartz, K., Smith, S., Snelling, T., Sommerville, C., Stewardson, A., Sud, A., Tong, S., Turner, T., van Hal, S., Vasilunas, N., Voss, L., Webb, R., Webb, S., Wilson, H., Wuerz, T., Tong, S.Y.C., Mora, J., Bowen, A.C., Cheng, M.P., Daneman, N., Goodman, A.L., Heriot, G.S., Lee, T.C., Lewis, R.J., Lye, D.C., Mahar, R.K., Marsh, J., McGlothlin, A., McQuilten, Z., Morpeth, S.C., Paterson, D.L., Price, D.J., Roberts, J.A., Robinson, J.O., van Hal, S.J., Walls, G., Webb, S.A., Whiteway, L., Yahav, D., Davis, J.S., Anagnostou, N., Archuleta, S., Athan, E., Best, E., Bloomfield, M., Botheras, C., Bowen, A., Britton, P., Brown, K., Campbell, A., Carter, H., Cheng, M., Chew, K.L., Chong, R.L.M., Coombs, G., Daley, P., Davies, J., Davis, J., Dishon, Y., Dotel, R., Dunlop, A., Flack, F., Flanagan, K., Foo, H., Ghanem-Zoubi, N., Giulieri, S., Goodman, A., Grant, J., Gregson, D., Guy, S., Gwee, A., Hardy, E., Henderson, A., Heriot, G., Howden, B., Johnstone, J., Kalimuddin, S., de Kretser, D., Kwa, A., Lee, T., Legg, A., Lewis, R., Lumley, T., Lye, D., MacFadden, D., Mahar, R., Malhamé, I., Marks, M., Martinello, M., Matthews, G., McArthur, C., McKew, G., McMullan, B., Milliken, E., Morpeth, S., Murthy, S., Nourse, C., O’Sullivan, M., Paterson, D., Paul, M., Petersiel, N., Petrella, L., Price, D., Roberts, J., Rogers, B., Saville, B., Scheetz, M., Scheuerman, O., Schwartz, K., Smith, S., Snelling, T., Sommerville, C., Stewardson, A., Sud, A., Tong, S., Turner, T., van Hal, S., Vasilunas, N., Voss, L., Webb, R., Webb, S., Wilson, H., and Wuerz, T.

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream (SAB) infection is a common and severe infectious disease, with a 90-day mortality of 15%–30%. Despite this, <3000 people have been randomized into clinical trials of treatments for SAB infection. The limited evidence base partly results from clinical trials for SAB infections being difficult to complete at scale using traditional clinical trial methods. Here we provide the rationale and framework for an adaptive platform trial applied to SAB infections. We detail the design features of the Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) trial that will enable multiple questions to be answered as efficiently as possible. The SNAP trial commenced enrolling patients across multiple countries in 2022 with an estimated target sample size of 7000 participants. This approach may serve as an exemplar to increase efficiency of clinical trials for other infectious disease syndromes.

Published
2022

41. A home-based, multidisciplinary liver optimisation programme for the first 28 days after an admission for acute-on-chronic liver failure (LivR well): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Author

Ngu, NLY, Saxby, E, Worland, T, Anderson, P, Stothers, L, Figredo, A, Hunter, J, Elford, A, Ha, P, Hartley, I, Roberts, A, Seah, D, Tambakis, G, Liew, D, Rogers, B, Sievert, W, Bell, S, Le, S, Ngu, NLY, Saxby, E, Worland, T, Anderson, P, Stothers, L, Figredo, A, Hunter, J, Elford, A, Ha, P, Hartley, I, Roberts, A, Seah, D, Tambakis, G, Liew, D, Rogers, B, Sievert, W, Bell, S, and Le, S

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) represents a rising global healthcare burden, characterised by increasing prevalence among patients with decompensated cirrhosis who have a 28-day transplantation-free mortality of 33.9%. Due to disease complexity and a high prevalence of socio-economic disadvantage, there are deficits in quality of care and adherence to guideline-based treatment in this cohort. Compared to other chronic conditions such as heart failure, those with liver disease have reduced access to integrated ambulatory care services. The LivR Well programme is a multidisciplinary intervention aimed at improving 28-day mortality and reducing 30-day readmission through a home-based, liver optimisation programme implemented in the first 28 days after an admission with either ACLF or hepatic decompensation. Outcomes from our feasibility study suggest that the intervention is safe and acceptable to patients and carers. METHODS: We will recruit adult patients with chronic liver disease from the emergency departments, in-patient admissions, and an ambulatory liver clinic of a multi-site quaternary health service in Melbourne, Australia. A total of 120 patients meeting EF-Clif criteria will be recruited to the ACLF arm, and 320 patients to the hepatic decompensation arm. Participants in each cohort will be randomised to the intervention arm, a 28-day multidisciplinary programme or to standard ambulatory care in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention arm includes access to nursing, pharmacy, physiotherapy, dietetics, social work, and neuropsychiatry clinicians. For the ACLF cohort, the primary outcome is 28-day mortality. For the hepatic decompensation cohort, the primary outcome is 30-day re-admission. Secondary outcomes assess changes in liver disease severity and quality of life. An interim analysis will be performed at 50% recruitment to consider early cessation of the trial if the intervention is superior to the control, as suggested in our feasibility study.

Published
2022

42. The ABCflux database:Arctic–boreal CO₂ flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems

Author

Virkkala, A.-M. (Anna-Maria), Natali, S. M. (Susan M.), Rogers, B. M. (Brendan M.), Watts, J. D. (Jennifer D.), Savage, K. (Kathleen), Connon, S. J. (Sara June), Mauritz, M. (Marguerite), Schuur, E. A. (Edward A. G.), Peter, D. (Darcy), Minions, C. (Christina), Nojeim, J. (Julia), Commane, R. (Roisin), Emmerton, C. A. (Craig A.), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Helbig, M. (Manuel), Holl, D. (David), Iwata, H. (Hiroki), Kobayashi, H. (Hideki), Kolari, P. (Pasi), López-Blanco, E. (Efrén), Marushchak, M. E. (Maija E.), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), Merbold, L. (Lutz), Parmentier, F. W. (Frans-Jan W.), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Sonnentag, O. (Oliver), Ueyama, M. (Masahito), Voigt, C. (Carolina), Aurela, M. (Mika), Boike, J. (Julia), Celis, G. (Gerardo), Chae, N. (Namyi), Christensen, T. R. (Torben R.), Bret-Harte, M. S. (M. Syndonia), Dengel, S. (Sigrid), Dolman, H. (Han), Edgar, C. W. (Colin W.), Elberling, B. (Bo), Euskirchen, E. (Eugenie), Grelle, A. (Achim), Hatakka, J. (Juha), Humphreys, E. (Elyn), Järveoja, J. (Järvi), Kotani, A. (Ayumi), Kutzbach, L. (Lars), Laurila, T. (Tuomas), Lohila, A. (Annalea), Mammarella, I. (Ivan), Matsuura, Y. (Yojiro), Meyer, G. (Gesa), Nilsson, M. B. (Mats B.), Oberbauer, S. F. (Steven F.), Park, S.-J. (Sang-Jong), Petrov, R. (Roman), Prokushkin, A. S. (Anatoly S.), Schulze, C. (Christopher), St. Louis, V. L. (Vincent L.), Tuittila, E.-S. (Eeva-Stiina), Tuovinen, J.-P. (Juha-Pekka), Quinton, W. (William), Varlagin, A. (Andrej), Zona, D. (Donatella), Zyryanov, V. I. (Viacheslav I.), Virkkala, A.-M. (Anna-Maria), Natali, S. M. (Susan M.), Rogers, B. M. (Brendan M.), Watts, J. D. (Jennifer D.), Savage, K. (Kathleen), Connon, S. J. (Sara June), Mauritz, M. (Marguerite), Schuur, E. A. (Edward A. G.), Peter, D. (Darcy), Minions, C. (Christina), Nojeim, J. (Julia), Commane, R. (Roisin), Emmerton, C. A. (Craig A.), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Helbig, M. (Manuel), Holl, D. (David), Iwata, H. (Hiroki), Kobayashi, H. (Hideki), Kolari, P. (Pasi), López-Blanco, E. (Efrén), Marushchak, M. E. (Maija E.), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), Merbold, L. (Lutz), Parmentier, F. W. (Frans-Jan W.), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Sonnentag, O. (Oliver), Ueyama, M. (Masahito), Voigt, C. (Carolina), Aurela, M. (Mika), Boike, J. (Julia), Celis, G. (Gerardo), Chae, N. (Namyi), Christensen, T. R. (Torben R.), Bret-Harte, M. S. (M. Syndonia), Dengel, S. (Sigrid), Dolman, H. (Han), Edgar, C. W. (Colin W.), Elberling, B. (Bo), Euskirchen, E. (Eugenie), Grelle, A. (Achim), Hatakka, J. (Juha), Humphreys, E. (Elyn), Järveoja, J. (Järvi), Kotani, A. (Ayumi), Kutzbach, L. (Lars), Laurila, T. (Tuomas), Lohila, A. (Annalea), Mammarella, I. (Ivan), Matsuura, Y. (Yojiro), Meyer, G. (Gesa), Nilsson, M. B. (Mats B.), Oberbauer, S. F. (Steven F.), Park, S.-J. (Sang-Jong), Petrov, R. (Roman), Prokushkin, A. S. (Anatoly S.), Schulze, C. (Christopher), St. Louis, V. L. (Vincent L.), Tuittila, E.-S. (Eeva-Stiina), Tuovinen, J.-P. (Juha-Pekka), Quinton, W. (William), Varlagin, A. (Andrej), Zona, D. (Donatella), and Zyryanov, V. I. (Viacheslav I.)

Abstract

Past efforts to synthesize and quantify the magnitude and change in carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems across the rapidly warming Arctic–boreal zone (ABZ) have provided valuable information but were limited in their geographical and temporal coverage. Furthermore, these efforts have been based on data aggregated over varying time periods, often with only minimal site ancillary data, thus limiting their potential to be used in large-scale carbon budget assessments. To bridge these gaps, we developed a standardized monthly database of Arctic–boreal CO₂ fluxes (ABCflux) that aggregates in situ measurements of terrestrial net ecosystem CO₂ exchange and its derived partitioned component fluxes: gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration. The data span from 1989 to 2020 with over 70 supporting variables that describe key site conditions (e.g., vegetation and disturbance type), micrometeorological and environmental measurements (e.g., air and soil temperatures), and flux measurement techniques. Here, we describe these variables, the spatial and temporal distribution of observations, the main strengths and limitations of the database, and the potential research opportunities it enables. In total, ABCflux includes 244 sites and 6309 monthly observations; 136 sites and 2217 monthly observations represent tundra, and 108 sites and 4092 observations represent the boreal biome. The database includes fluxes estimated with chamber (19 % of the monthly observations), snow diffusion (3 %) and eddy covariance (78 %) techniques. The largest number of observations were collected during the climatological summer (June–August; 32 %), and fewer observations were available for autumn (September–October; 25 %), winter (December–February; 18 %), and spring (March–May; 25 %). ABCflux can be used in a wide array of empirical, remote sensing and modeling studies to improve understanding of the regional and temporal variability in CO₂ fluxes and to better es

Published
2022

46. The effects of sex, race and the hidden curriculum on medical students' career choices: lessons for orthopaedics

Author

Thornhill C, Hamilton L, Curlewis K, David M Ricketts, Leung B, and Rogers B

Subjects
030222 orthopedics, Medical education, genetic structures, media_common.quotation_subject, education, General Medicine, behavioral disciplines and activities, 03 medical and health sciences, Race (biology), 0302 clinical medicine, Falling (accident), Perception, medicine, Hidden curriculum, sense organs, 030212 general & internal medicine, medicine.symptom, Psychology, psychological phenomena and processes, media_common
Abstract

With falling applicant numbers, we investigate the factors that have a negative impact on students' perception of trauma and orthopaedics.

Published
2020
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47. Thirty-day mortality following surgical management of hip fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a prospective multi-centre UK study

Author

Narang, A., Chan, G., Aframian, A., Ali, Z., Carr, A., Goodier, H., Morgan, C., Park, C., Sugand, K., Walton, T., Wilson, M., Belgaumkar, A., Gallagher, K., Ghosh, K., Gibbons, C., Keightley, A., Nawaz, Z., Wakeling, C., Sarraf, K., Rogers, B. A., and Kieffer, W. K. M.

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Original Paper, Science & Technology, SURGERY, Hip Fractures, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Risk Assessment, Trauma, United Kingdom, Hip fracture, Orthopedics, Hip surgery, Elective Surgical Procedures, Risk Factors, SCORE, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Female, Hospital Mortality, Prospective Studies, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract

Purpose Thirty-day mortality of patients with hip fracture is well researched and predictive; validated scoring tools have been developed (Nottingham Hip Fracture Score, NHFS). COVID-19 has significantly greater mortality in the elderly and comorbid patients which includes hip fracture patients. Non-operative treatment is not appropriate due to significantly higher mortality, and therefore, these patients are often exposed to COVID-19 in the peri-operative period. What is unclear is the effect of concomitant COVID-19 infection in these patients. Methods A multicentre prospective study across ten sites in the United Kingdom (responsible for 7% of hip fracture patients per annum in the UK). Demographic and background information were collected by independent chart review. Data on surgical factors included American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, time to theatre, Nottingham Hip fracture score (NHFS) and classification of fracture were also collected between 1st March 2020 and 30th April 2020 with a matched cohort from the same period in 2019. Results Actual and expected 30-day mortality was found to be significantly higher than expected for 2020 COVID-19 positive patients (RR 3.00 95% CI 1.57–5.75, p

Published
2020

50. The ABCflux Database: Arctic-Boreal CO2 Flux and Site Environmental Data, 1989-2020

Author

Virkkala, A., Natali, S., Rogers, B., Watts, J., Savage, K., Connon, S., Mauritz-tozer, M., Schuur, E., Peter, D., Minions, C., Nojeim, J., Commane, R., Emmerton, C., Goeckede, M., Helbig, M., Holl, D., Iwata, H., Kobayashi, H., Kolari, P., Lopez-blanco, E., Marushchak, M., Mastepanov, M., Merbold, L., Peichl, M., Sonnentag, O., Sachs, T., Ueyama, M., Voigt, C., Aurela, M., Boike, J., Celis, G., Chae, N., Christensen, T., Bret-Harte, S., Dengel, S., Dolman, H., Edgar, C., Elberling, B., Euskirchen, S., Grelle, A., Hatakka, J., Humphreys, E., Jaerveoja, J., Kotani, A., Kutzbach, L., Laurila, T., Lohila, A., Mammarella, I., Matsuura, Y., Meyer, G., Nilsson, M., Oberbauer, S., Park, S., Parmentier, F., Petrov, R., Prokushkin, A., Zyrianov, S., Schulze, C., St.louis, V., Tuittila, E., Tuovinen, J., Quinton, W., Varlagin, A., Zona, D., and Zyryanov, V.

Abstract

This Arctic-Boreal CO2 fluxes (ABCflux) dataset contains monthly aggregates of terrestrial net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its derived partitioned component fluxes: gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration. Over 70 supporting variables describe key site conditions (e.g., vegetation and disturbance type), micrometeorological and environmental measurements (e.g., air and soil temperatures), and flux measurement techniques. The data contained in this ABCflux dataset form a standardized monthly database of Arctic-Boreal CO2 fluxes (i.e., ABCflux Database) and include 244 sites and 6,309 monthly observations; 136 sites and 2,217 monthly observations represent tundra, and 108 sites and 4,092 observations represent the boreal biome. The data are for the period 1989 to 2020.

Published
2021

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