251 results on '"Rodger, Jennifer"'
Search Results
2. Analysis of Activity Dependent Development of Topographic Maps in Neural Field Theory with Short Time Scale Dependent Plasticity
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Gale, Nicholas, Rodger, Jennifer, Small, Michael, and Eglen, Stephen
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Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition ,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems - Abstract
Topographic maps are a brain structure connecting pre-synpatic and post-synaptic brain regions. Topographic development is dependent on Hebbian-based plasticity mechanisms working in conjunction with spontaneous patterns of neural activity generated in the pre-synaptic regions. Studies performed in mouse have shown that these spontaneous patterns can exhibit complex spatial-temporal structures which existing models cannot incorporate. Neural field theories are appropriate modelling paradigms for topographic systems due to the dense nature of the connections between regions and can be augmented with a plasticity rule general enough to capture complex time-varying structures. We propose a theoretical framework for studying the development of topography in the context of complex spatial-temporal activity fed-forward from the pre-synaptic to post-synaptic regions. Analysis of the model leads to an analytic solution corroborating the conclusion that activity can drive the refinement of topographic projections. The analysis also suggests that biological noise is used in the development of topography to stabilise the dynamics. MCMC simulations are used to analyse and understand the differences in topographic refinement between wild-type and the $\beta2$ knock-out mutant in mice. The time scale of the synaptic plasticity window is estimated as $0.56$ seconds in this context with a model fit of $R^2 = 0.81$., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures
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- 2021
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3. Dexamphetamine widens temporal and spatial binding windows in healthy participants
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Kassim, Faiz M., Lahooti, Samra Krakonja, Keay, Elizabeth Ann, Iyyalol, Rajan, Rodger, Jennifer, Albrecht, Matthew A., and Martin-Iverson, Mathew T.
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Dextroamphetamine -- Research ,Catecholamines -- Research ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Background: The pathophysiology of psychosis is complex, but a better understanding of stimulus binding windows (BWs) could help to improve our knowledge base. Previous studies have shown that dopamine release is associated with psychosis and widened BWs. We can probe BW mechanisms using drugs of specific interest to psychosis. Therefore, we were interested in understanding how manipulation of the dopamine or catecholamine systems affect psychosis and BWs. We aimed to investigate the effect of dexamphetamine, as a dopamine-releasing stimulant, on the BWs in a unimodal illusion: the tactile funneling illusion (TFI). Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced placebo-controlled crossover study to investigate funnelling and errors of localization. We administered dexamphetamine (0.45 mg/kg) to 46 participants. We manipulated 5 spatial (5-1 cm) and 3 temporal (0, 500 and 750 ms) conditions in the TFI. Results: We found that dexamphetamine increased funnelling illusion (p = 0.009) and increased the error of localization in a delay-dependent manner (p = 0.03). We also found that dexamphetamine significantly increased the error of localization at 500 ms temporal separation and 4 cm spatial separation ([p.sub.interaction] = 0.009; [p.sub.500ms14cm v. baseline] = 0.01). Limitations: Although amphetamine-induced models of psychosis are a useful approach to understanding the physiology of psychosis related to dopamine hyperactivity, dexamphetamine is equally effective at releasing noradrenaline and dopamine, and, therefore, we were unable to tease apart the effects of the 2 systems on BWs in our study. Conclusion: We found that dexamphetamine increases illusory perception on the unimodal TFI in healthy participants, which suggests that dopamine or other catecholamines have a role in increasing tactile spatial and temporal BWs., Introduction People integrate multiple stimuli over space and time to form unified percepts of objects and events, (1) and alterations in integration have been proposed as being important for a [...]
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- 2023
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4. Safety of low-intensity repetitive transcranial magneTic brAin stimUlation foR people living with mUltiple Sclerosis (TAURUS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
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Makowiecki, Kalina, Stevens, Natasha, Cullen, Carlie L., Zarghami, Amin, Nguyen, Phuong Tram, Johnson, Lewis, Rodger, Jennifer, Hinder, Mark R., Barnett, Michael, Young, Kaylene M., and Taylor, Bruce V.
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- 2022
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5. Low intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation modulates brain-wide functional connectivity to promote anti-correlated c-Fos expression
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Moretti, Jessica, Terstege, Dylan J., Poh, Eugenia Z., Epp, Jonathan R., and Rodger, Jennifer
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- 2022
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6. White Matter Changes Following Chronic Restraint Stress and Neuromodulation: A Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Young Male Rats
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Seewoo, Bhedita Jaya, Feindel, Kirk Wayne, Won, Yerim, Joos, Alexander Clemens, Figliomeni, Abbey, Hennessy, Lauren Anne, and Rodger, Jennifer
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- 2022
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7. Non-severe thermal burn injuries induce long-lasting downregulation of gene expression in cortical excitatory neurons and microglia.
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Ong, Rebecca C. S., Beros, Jamie L., Fuller, Kathy, Wood, Fiona M., Melton, Phillip E., Rodger, Jennifer, Fear, Mark W., Barrett, Lucy, Stevenson, Andrew W., and Tang, Alexander D.
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GENE expression ,CENTRAL nervous system injuries ,NEURONS ,MICROGLIA ,CELL physiology - Abstract
Burn injuries are devastating traumas, often leading to life-long consequences that extend beyond the observable burn scar. In the context of the nervous system, burn injury patients commonly develop chronic neurological disorders and have been suggested to have impaired motor cortex function, but the long-lasting impact on neurons and glia in the brain is unknown. Using a mouse model of non-severe burn injury, excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the primary motor cortex were labelled with fluorescent proteins using adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). A total of 5 weeks following the burn injury, virus labelled excitatory and inhibitory neurons were isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). In addition, microglia and astrocytes from the remaining cortical tissue caudal to the motor cortex were immunolabelled and isolated with FACS. Whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing was used to identify any long-lasting changes to gene expression in the different cell types. RNA-seq analysis showed changes to the expression of a small number of genes with known functions in excitatory neurons and microglia, but not in inhibitory neurons or astrocytes. Specifically, genes related to GABA-A receptors in excitatory neurons and several cellular functions in microglia were found to be downregulated in burn injured mice. These findings suggest that non-severe burn injuries lead to long lasting transcriptomic changes in the brain, but only in specific cell types. Our findings provide a broad overview of the long-lasting impact of burn injuries on the central nervous system which may help identify potential therapeutic targets to prevent neurological dysfunction in burn patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Nabilone Impairs Spatial and Verbal Working Memory in Healthy Volunteers.
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Kassim, Faiz M., Tod, Sophie, Rodger, Jennifer, Hood, Sean D., Lee, Joseph W. Y., Albrecht, Matthew A., and Martin-Iverson, Mathew T.
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- 2024
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9. Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Improves Motor and Behavioral Dysfunction through Modulation of NMDA Receptor Subunit Composition in Experimental Model of Parkinson’s Disease
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Zeljković Jovanović, Milica, Stanojević, Jelena, Stevanović, Ivana, Stekić, Anđela, Bolland, Samuel J., Jasnić, Nebojša, Ninković, Milica, Zarić Kontić, Marina, Ilić, Tihomir V., Rodger, Jennifer, Nedeljković, Nadežda, Dragić, Milorad, Zeljković Jovanović, Milica, Stanojević, Jelena, Stevanović, Ivana, Stekić, Anđela, Bolland, Samuel J., Jasnić, Nebojša, Ninković, Milica, Zarić Kontić, Marina, Ilić, Tihomir V., Rodger, Jennifer, Nedeljković, Nadežda, and Dragić, Milorad
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic system, leading to a variety of motor and nonmotor symptoms. The currently available symptomatic therapy loses efficacy over time, indicating the need for new therapeutic approaches. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as one of the potential candidates for PD therapy. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), an excitatory protocol of rTMS, has been shown to be beneficial in several animal models of neurodegeneration, including PD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged iTBS on motor performance and behavior and the possible association with changes in the NMDAR subunit composition in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced experimental model of PD. Two-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: controls, 6-OHDA rats, 6-OHDA + iTBS protocol (two times/day/three weeks) and the sham group. The therapeutic effect of iTBS was evaluated by examining motor coordination, balance, spontaneous forelimb use, exploratory behavior, anxiety-like, depressive/anhedonic-like behavior and short-term memory, histopathological changes and changes at the molecular level. We demonstrated the positive effects of iTBS at both motor and behavioral levels. In addition, the beneficial effects were reflected in reduced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and a subsequent increase in the level of DA in the caudoputamen. Finally, iTBS altered protein expression and NMDAR subunit composition, suggesting a sustained effect. Applied early in the disease course, the iTBS protocol may be a promising candidate for early-stage PD therapy, affecting motor and nonmotor deficits. © 2023 by the authors.
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- 2023
10. Author Correction: A consensus protocol for functional connectivity analysis in the rat brain (Nature Neuroscience, (2023), 26, 4, (673-681), 10.1038/s41593-023-01286-8)
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In Vivo NMR ISI, Trialbureau Beeld, Brain, Circulatory Health, Stroke, Hubrecht Institute with UMC, Projectafdeling KIND, Grandjean, Joanes, Desrosiers-Gregoire, Gabriel, Anckaerts, Cynthia, Angeles-Valdez, Diego, Ayad, Fadi, Barrière, David A., Blockx, Ines, Bortel, Aleksandra, Broadwater, Margaret, Cardoso, Beatriz M., Célestine, Marina, Chavez-Negrete, Jorge E., Choi, Sangcheon, Christiaen, Emma, Clavijo, Perrin, Colon-Perez, Luis, Cramer, Samuel, Daniele, Tolomeo, Dempsey, Elaine, Diao, Yujian, Doelemeyer, Arno, Dopfel, David, Dvořáková, Lenka, Falfán-Melgoza, Claudia, Fernandes, Francisca F., Fowler, Caitlin F., Fuentes-Ibañez, Antonio, Garin, Clément M., Gelderman, Eveline, Golden, Carla E.M., Guo, Chao C.G., Henckens, Marloes J.A.G., Hennessy, Lauren A., Herman, Peter, Hofwijks, Nita, Horien, Corey, Ionescu, Tudor M., Jones, Jolyon, Kaesser, Johannes, Kim, Eugene, Lambers, Henriette, Lazari, Alberto, Lee, Sung Ho, Lillywhite, Amanda, Liu, Yikang, Liu, Yanyan Y., López -Castro, Alejandra, López-Gil, Xavier, Ma, Zilu, MacNicol, Eilidh, Madularu, Dan, Mandino, Francesca, Marciano, Sabina, McAuslan, Matthew J., McCunn, Patrick, McIntosh, Alison, Meng, Xianzong, Meyer-Baese, Lisa, Missault, Stephan, Moro, Federico, Naessens, Daphne M.P., Nava-Gomez, Laura J., Nonaka, Hiroi, Ortiz, Juan J., Paasonen, Jaakko, Peeters, Lore M., Pereira, Mickaël, Perez, Pablo D., Pompilus, Marjory, Prior, Malcolm, Rakhmatullin, Rustam, Reimann, Henning M., Reinwald, Jonathan, Del Rio, Rodrigo Triana, Rivera-Olvera, Alejandro, Ruiz-Pérez, Daniel, Russo, Gabriele, Rutten, Tobias J., Ryoke, Rie, Sack, Markus, Salvan, Piergiorgio, Sanganahalli, Basavaraju G., Schroeter, Aileen, Seewoo, Bhedita J., Selingue, Erwan, Seuwen, Aline, Shi, Bowen, Sirmpilatze, Nikoloz, Smith, Joanna A.B., Smith, Corrie, Sobczak, Filip, Stenroos, Petteri J., Straathof, Milou, Strobelt, Sandra, Sumiyoshi, Akira, Takahashi, Kengo, Torres-García, Maria E., Tudela, Raul, van den Berg, Monica, van der Marel, Kajo, van Hout, Aran T.B., Vertullo, Roberta, Vidal, Benjamin, Vrooman, Roël M., Wang, Victora X., Wank, Isabel, Watson, David J.G., Yin, Ting, Zhang, Yongzhi, Zurbruegg, Stefan, Achard, Sophie, Alcauter, Sarael, Auer, Dorothee P., Barbier, Emmanuel L., Baudewig, Jürgen, Beckmann, Christian F., Beckmann, Nicolau, Becq, Guillaume J.P.C., Blezer, Erwin L.A., Bolbos, Radu, Boretius, Susann, Bouvard, Sandrine, Budinger, Eike, Buxbaum, Joseph D., Cash, Diana, Chapman, Victoria, Chuang, Kai Hsiang, Ciobanu, Luisa, Coolen, Bram F., Dalley, Jeffrey W., Dhenain, Marc, Dijkhuizen, Rick M., Esteban, Oscar, Faber, Cornelius, Febo, Marcelo, Feindel, Kirk W., Forloni, Gianluigi, Fouquet, Jérémie, Garza-Villarreal, Eduardo A., Gass, Natalia, Glennon, Jeffrey C., Gozzi, Alessandro, Gröhn, Olli, Harkin, Andrew, Heerschap, Arend, Helluy, Xavier, Herfert, Kristina, Heuser, Arnd, Homberg, Judith R., Houwing, Danielle J., Hyder, Fahmeed, Ielacqua, Giovanna Diletta, Jelescu, Ileana O., Johansen-Berg, Heidi, Kaneko, Gen, Kawashima, Ryuta, Keilholz, Shella D., Keliris, Georgios A., Kelly, Clare, Kerskens, Christian, Khokhar, Jibran Y., Kind, Peter C., Langlois, Jean Baptiste, Lerch, Jason P., López-Hidalgo, Monica A., Manahan-Vaughan, Denise, Marchand, Fabien, Mars, Rogier B., Marsella, Gerardo, Micotti, Edoardo, Muñoz-Moreno, Emma, Near, Jamie, Niendorf, Thoralf, Otte, Willem M., Pais-Roldán, Patricia, Pan, Wen Ju, Prado-Alcalá, Roberto A., Quirarte, Gina L., Rodger, Jennifer, Rosenow, Tim, Sampaio-Baptista, Cassandra, Sartorius, Alexander, Sawiak, Stephen J., Scheenen, Tom W.J., Shemesh, Noam, Shih, Yen Yu Ian, Shmuel, Amir, Soria, Guadalupe, Stoop, Ron, Thompson, Garth J., Till, Sally M., Todd, Nick, Van Der Linden, Annemie, van der Toorn, Annette, van Tilborg, Geralda A.F., Vanhove, Christian, Veltien, Andor, Verhoye, Marleen, Wachsmuth, Lydia, Weber-Fahr, Wolfgang, Wenk, Patricia, Yu, Xin, Zerbi, Valerio, Zhang, Nanyin, Zhang, Baogui B., Zimmer, Luc, Devenyi, Gabriel A., Chakravarty, M. Mallar, Hess, Andreas, In Vivo NMR ISI, Trialbureau Beeld, Brain, Circulatory Health, Stroke, Hubrecht Institute with UMC, Projectafdeling KIND, Grandjean, Joanes, Desrosiers-Gregoire, Gabriel, Anckaerts, Cynthia, Angeles-Valdez, Diego, Ayad, Fadi, Barrière, David A., Blockx, Ines, Bortel, Aleksandra, Broadwater, Margaret, Cardoso, Beatriz M., Célestine, Marina, Chavez-Negrete, Jorge E., Choi, Sangcheon, Christiaen, Emma, Clavijo, Perrin, Colon-Perez, Luis, Cramer, Samuel, Daniele, Tolomeo, Dempsey, Elaine, Diao, Yujian, Doelemeyer, Arno, Dopfel, David, Dvořáková, Lenka, Falfán-Melgoza, Claudia, Fernandes, Francisca F., Fowler, Caitlin F., Fuentes-Ibañez, Antonio, Garin, Clément M., Gelderman, Eveline, Golden, Carla E.M., Guo, Chao C.G., Henckens, Marloes J.A.G., Hennessy, Lauren A., Herman, Peter, Hofwijks, Nita, Horien, Corey, Ionescu, Tudor M., Jones, Jolyon, Kaesser, Johannes, Kim, Eugene, Lambers, Henriette, Lazari, Alberto, Lee, Sung Ho, Lillywhite, Amanda, Liu, Yikang, Liu, Yanyan Y., López -Castro, Alejandra, López-Gil, Xavier, Ma, Zilu, MacNicol, Eilidh, Madularu, Dan, Mandino, Francesca, Marciano, Sabina, McAuslan, Matthew J., McCunn, Patrick, McIntosh, Alison, Meng, Xianzong, Meyer-Baese, Lisa, Missault, Stephan, Moro, Federico, Naessens, Daphne M.P., Nava-Gomez, Laura J., Nonaka, Hiroi, Ortiz, Juan J., Paasonen, Jaakko, Peeters, Lore M., Pereira, Mickaël, Perez, Pablo D., Pompilus, Marjory, Prior, Malcolm, Rakhmatullin, Rustam, Reimann, Henning M., Reinwald, Jonathan, Del Rio, Rodrigo Triana, Rivera-Olvera, Alejandro, Ruiz-Pérez, Daniel, Russo, Gabriele, Rutten, Tobias J., Ryoke, Rie, Sack, Markus, Salvan, Piergiorgio, Sanganahalli, Basavaraju G., Schroeter, Aileen, Seewoo, Bhedita J., Selingue, Erwan, Seuwen, Aline, Shi, Bowen, Sirmpilatze, Nikoloz, Smith, Joanna A.B., Smith, Corrie, Sobczak, Filip, Stenroos, Petteri J., Straathof, Milou, Strobelt, Sandra, Sumiyoshi, Akira, Takahashi, Kengo, Torres-García, Maria E., Tudela, Raul, van den Berg, Monica, van der Marel, Kajo, van Hout, Aran T.B., Vertullo, Roberta, Vidal, Benjamin, Vrooman, Roël M., Wang, Victora X., Wank, Isabel, Watson, David J.G., Yin, Ting, Zhang, Yongzhi, Zurbruegg, Stefan, Achard, Sophie, Alcauter, Sarael, Auer, Dorothee P., Barbier, Emmanuel L., Baudewig, Jürgen, Beckmann, Christian F., Beckmann, Nicolau, Becq, Guillaume J.P.C., Blezer, Erwin L.A., Bolbos, Radu, Boretius, Susann, Bouvard, Sandrine, Budinger, Eike, Buxbaum, Joseph D., Cash, Diana, Chapman, Victoria, Chuang, Kai Hsiang, Ciobanu, Luisa, Coolen, Bram F., Dalley, Jeffrey W., Dhenain, Marc, Dijkhuizen, Rick M., Esteban, Oscar, Faber, Cornelius, Febo, Marcelo, Feindel, Kirk W., Forloni, Gianluigi, Fouquet, Jérémie, Garza-Villarreal, Eduardo A., Gass, Natalia, Glennon, Jeffrey C., Gozzi, Alessandro, Gröhn, Olli, Harkin, Andrew, Heerschap, Arend, Helluy, Xavier, Herfert, Kristina, Heuser, Arnd, Homberg, Judith R., Houwing, Danielle J., Hyder, Fahmeed, Ielacqua, Giovanna Diletta, Jelescu, Ileana O., Johansen-Berg, Heidi, Kaneko, Gen, Kawashima, Ryuta, Keilholz, Shella D., Keliris, Georgios A., Kelly, Clare, Kerskens, Christian, Khokhar, Jibran Y., Kind, Peter C., Langlois, Jean Baptiste, Lerch, Jason P., López-Hidalgo, Monica A., Manahan-Vaughan, Denise, Marchand, Fabien, Mars, Rogier B., Marsella, Gerardo, Micotti, Edoardo, Muñoz-Moreno, Emma, Near, Jamie, Niendorf, Thoralf, Otte, Willem M., Pais-Roldán, Patricia, Pan, Wen Ju, Prado-Alcalá, Roberto A., Quirarte, Gina L., Rodger, Jennifer, Rosenow, Tim, Sampaio-Baptista, Cassandra, Sartorius, Alexander, Sawiak, Stephen J., Scheenen, Tom W.J., Shemesh, Noam, Shih, Yen Yu Ian, Shmuel, Amir, Soria, Guadalupe, Stoop, Ron, Thompson, Garth J., Till, Sally M., Todd, Nick, Van Der Linden, Annemie, van der Toorn, Annette, van Tilborg, Geralda A.F., Vanhove, Christian, Veltien, Andor, Verhoye, Marleen, Wachsmuth, Lydia, Weber-Fahr, Wolfgang, Wenk, Patricia, Yu, Xin, Zerbi, Valerio, Zhang, Nanyin, Zhang, Baogui B., Zimmer, Luc, Devenyi, Gabriel A., Chakravarty, M. Mallar, and Hess, Andreas
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- 2023
11. Comparing modes of delivery of a combination of ion channel inhibitors for limiting secondary degeneration following partial optic nerve transection
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Toomey, Lillian M., Bartlett, Carole A., Gavriel, Nikolas, McGonigle, Terence, Majimbi, Maimuna, Gopalasingam, Gopana, Rodger, Jennifer, and Fitzgerald, Melinda
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- 2019
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12. Utility of pharmacogenetic testing to optimise antidepressant pharmacotherapy in youth: a narrative literature review.
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Roberts, Bradley, Cooper, Zahra, Stephanie Lu, Stanley, Susanne, Majda, Bernadette T., Collins, Khan R. L., Gilkes, Lucy, Rodger, Jennifer, Akkari, P. Anthony, and Hood, Sean D.
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LITERATURE reviews ,PHARMACOGENOMICS ,DRUG side effects ,DRUG therapy ,DRUGS ,DRUG metabolism - Abstract
Pharmacogenetics (PGx) is the study and application of how interindividual differences in our genomes can influence drug responses. By evaluating individuals’ genetic variability in genes related to drug metabolism, PGx testing has the capabilities to individualise primary care and build a safer drug prescription model than the current “one-size-fits-all” approach. In particular, the use of PGx testing in psychiatry has shown promising evidence in improving drug efficacy as well as reducing toxicity and adverse drug reactions. Despite randomised controlled trials demonstrating an evidence base for its use, there are still numerous barriers impeding its implementation. This review paper will discuss the management of mental health conditions with PGx-guided treatment with a strong focus on youth mental illness. PGx testing in clinical practice, the concerns for its implementation in youth psychiatry, and some of the barriers inhibiting its integration in clinical healthcare will also be discussed. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge and application for PGx in psychiatry and summarises the capabilities of genetic information to personalising medicine for the treatment of mental ill-health in youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. The effects of caffeine and d-amphetamine on spatial span task in healthy participants.
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Kassim, Faiz M., Lim, J. H. Mark, Slawik, Sophie V., Gaus, Katharina, Peters, Benjamin, Lee, Joseph W. Y., Hepple, Emily K., Rodger, Jennifer, Albrecht, Matthew A., and Martin-Iverson, Mathew T.
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CAFFEINE ,PSYCHIATRIC rating scales ,MEMORY span ,VERBAL memory ,PEOPLE with schizophrenia ,SPATIAL memory - Abstract
Studies that examined the effect of amphetamine or caffeine on spatial working memory (SWM) and verbal working memory (VWM) have used various tasks. However, there are no studies that have used spatial span tasks (SSTs) to assess the SWM effect of amphetamine and caffeine, although some studies have used digit span tasks (DST) to assess VWM. Previous reports also showed that increasing dopamine increases psychosis-like experiences (PLE, or schizotypy) scores which are in turn negatively associated with WM performance in people with high schizotypy and people with schizophrenia. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the influence of d-amphetamine (0.45 mg/kg, PO), a dopamine releasing stimulant, on SST, DST, and on PLE in healthy volunteers. In a separate study, we examined the effect of caffeine, a nonspecific adenosine receptor antagonist with stimulant properties, on similar tasks. Methods: Healthy participants (N = 40) took part in two randomized, double-blind, counter-balanced placebo-controlled cross-over pilot studies: The first group (N = 20) with d-amphetamine (0.45 mg/kg, PO) and the second group (N = 20) with caffeine (200 mg, PO). Spatial span and digit span were examined under four delay conditions (0, 2, 4, 8 s). PLE were assessed using several scales measuring various aspects of psychosis and schizotypy. Results: We failed to find an effect of d-amphetamine or caffeine on SWM or VWM, relative to placebo. However, d-amphetamine increased a composite score of psychosis-like experiences (p = 0.0005), specifically: Scores on Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Perceptual Aberrations Scale, and Magical Ideation Scale were increased following d-amphetamine. The degree of change in PLE following d-amphetamine negatively and significantly correlated with changes in SWM, mainly at the longest delay condition of 8 s (r = -0.58, p = 0.006). Conclusion: The present results showed that moderate-high dose of d-amphetamine and moderate dose of caffeine do not directly affect performances on DST or SST. However, the results indicate that d-amphetamine indirectly influences SWM, through its effect on psychosis-like experiences. Trial registration. Clinical Trial Registration Number: CT-2018-CTN-02561 (Therapeutic Goods Administration Clinical Trial Registry) and ACTRN12618001292268 (The Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry) for caffeine study, and ACTRN12608000610336 for d-amphetamine study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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14. Dorsal striatum c-Fos activity in perseverative ephrin-A2A5-/- mice and the cellular effect of low-intensity rTMS.
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Tomar, Maitri, Rodger, Jennifer, and Moretti, Jessica
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MICE ,TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation ,NUCLEUS accumbens ,OBSESSIVE-compulsive disorder ,INTERNEURONS ,DRUG addiction ,SOCIAL interaction - Abstract
Introduction: Overreliance on habit is linked with disorders, such as drug addiction and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and there is increasing interest in the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to alter neuronal activity in the relevant pathways and for therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we researched the brains of ephrin-A2A5
-/- mice, which previously showed perseverative behavior in progressive-ratio tasks, associated with low cellular activity in the nucleus accumbens. We investigated whether rTMS treatment had altered the activity of the dorsal striatum in a way that suggested altered hierarchical recruitment of brain regions from the ventral striatum to the dorsal striatum, which is linked to abnormal habit formation. Methods: Brain sections from a limited number of mice that underwent training and performance on a progressive ratio task with and without low-intensity rTMS (LI-rTMS) were taken from a previous study. We took advantage of the previous characterization of perseverative behavior to investigate the contribution of different neuronal subtypes and striatal regions within this limited sample. Striatal regions were stained for c-Fos as a correlate of neuronal activation for DARPP32 to identify medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and for GAD67 to identify GABA-ergic interneurons. Results and discussion: Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that neuronal activity in ephrin-A2A5-/- mice still reflected the typical organization of goal- directed behavior. There was a significant difference in the proportion of neuronal activity across the striatum between experimental groups and control but no significant effects identifying a specific regional change. However, there was a significant group by treatment interaction which suggests that MSN activity is altered in the dorsomedial striatum and a trend suggesting that rTMS increases ephrin-A2A5-/- MSN activity in the DMS. Although preliminary and inconclusive, the analysis of this archival data suggests that investigating circuit-based changes in striatal regions may provide insight into chronic rTMS mechanisms that could be relevant to treating disorders associated with perseverative behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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15. Identifying reproducible resting state networks and functional connectivity alterations following chronic restraint stress in anaesthetized rats.
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Twain Dai, Seewoo, Bhedita J., Hennessy, Lauren A., Bolland, Samuel J., Rosenow, Tim, and Rodger, Jennifer
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IMMOBILIZATION stress ,FUNCTIONAL connectivity ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,CORPUS striatum ,SPRAGUE Dawley rats ,RATS - Abstract
Background: Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) in rodent models have the potential to bridge invasive experiments and observational human studies, increasing our understanding of functional alterations in the brains of patients with depression. A major limitation in current rodent rs-fMRI studies is that there has been no consensus on healthy baseline resting-state networks (RSNs) that are reproducible in rodents. Therefore, the present study aimed to construct reproducible RSNs in a large dataset of healthy rats and then evaluate functional connectivity changes within and between these RSNs following a chronic restraint stress (CRS) model within the same animals. Methods: A combined MRI dataset of 109 Sprague Dawley rats at baseline and after two weeks of CRS, collected during four separate experiments conducted by our lab in 2019 and 2020, was re-analysed. The mICA and gRAICAR toolbox were first applied to detect optimal and reproducible ICA components and then a hierarchical clustering algorithm (FSLNets) was applied to construct reproducible RSNs. Ridge-regularized partial correlation (FSLNets) was used to evaluate the changes in the direct connection between and within identified networks in the same animals following CRS. Results: Four large-scale networks in anesthetised rats were identified: the DMNlike, spatial attention-limbic, corpus striatum, and autonomic network, which are homologous across species. CRS decreased the anticorrelation between DMNlike and autonomic network. CRS decreased the correlation between amygdala and a functional complex (nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum) in the right hemisphere within the corpus striatum network. However, a high individual variability in the functional connectivity before and after CRS within RSNs was observed. Conclusion: The functional connectivity changes detected in rodents following CRS differ from reported functional connectivity alterations in patients with depression. A simple interpretation of this difference is that the rodent response to CRS does not reflect the complexity of depression as it is experienced by humans. Nonetheless, the high inter-subject variability of functional connectivity within networks suggests that rats demonstrate different neural phenotypes, like humans. Therefore, future efforts in classifying neural phenotypes in rodents might improve the sensitivity and translational impact of models used to address aetiology and treatment of psychiatric conditions including depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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16. Medium- and high-intensity rTMS reduces psychomotor agitation with distinct neurobiologic mechanisms
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Heath, Alesha, Lindberg, Daniel R., Makowiecki, Kalina, Gray, Avalon, Asp, Anders J., Rodger, Jennifer, Choi, Doo-Sup, and Croarkin, Paul E.
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- 2018
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17. Manipulating the Level of Sensorimotor Stimulation during LI-rTMS Can Improve Visual Circuit Reorganisation in Adult Ephrin-A2A5-/- Mice
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Poh, Eugenia Z, Green, Courtney, Agostinelli, Luca, Penrose-Menz, Marissa, Karl, Ann-Kathrin, Harvey, Alan R, Rodger, Jennifer, Poh, Eugenia Z, Green, Courtney, Agostinelli, Luca, Penrose-Menz, Marissa, Karl, Ann-Kathrin, Harvey, Alan R, and Rodger, Jennifer
- Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has the potential to treat a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. The extent of rTMS-induced neuroplasticity may be dependent on a subject's brain state at the time of stimulation. Chronic low intensity rTMS (LI-rTMS) has previously been shown to induce beneficial structural and functional reorganisation within the abnormal visual circuits of ephrin-A2A5-/- mice in ambient lighting. Here, we administered chronic LI-rTMS in adult ephrin-A2A5-/- mice either in a dark environment or concurrently with voluntary locomotion. One day after the last stimulation session, optokinetic responses were assessed and fluorescent tracers were injected to map corticotectal and geniculocortical projections. We found that LI-rTMS in either treatment condition refined the geniculocortical map. Corticotectal projections were improved in locomotion+LI-rTMS subjects, but not in dark + LI-rTMS and sham groups. Visuomotor behaviour was not improved in any condition. Our results suggest that the beneficial reorganisation of abnormal visual circuits by rTMS can be significantly influenced by simultaneous, ambient visual input and is enhanced by concomitant physical exercise. Furthermore, the observed pathway-specific effects suggest that regional molecular changes and/or the relative proximity of terminals to the induced electric fields influence the outcomes of LI-rTMS on abnormal circuitry.
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- 2022
18. Interactions between Guidance Cues and Neuronal Activity: Therapeutic Insights from Mouse Models.
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Tomar, Maitri, Beros, Jamie, Meloni, Bruno, and Rodger, Jennifer
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TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation ,AXONS ,SENSE organs ,LABORATORY mice ,NEURAL circuitry ,BRAIN mapping ,TOPOGRAPHIC maps - Abstract
Topographic mapping of neural circuits is fundamental in shaping the structural and functional organization of brain regions. This developmentally important process is crucial not only for the representation of different sensory inputs but also for their integration. Disruption of topographic organization has been associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. The aim of this review is to highlight the mechanisms involved in creating and refining such well-defined maps in the brain with a focus on the Eph and ephrin families of axon guidance cues. We first describe the transgenic models where ephrin-A expression has been manipulated to understand the role of these guidance cues in defining topography in various sensory systems. We further describe the behavioral consequences of lacking ephrin-A guidance cues in these animal models. These studies have given us unexpected insight into how neuronal activity is equally important in refining neural circuits in different brain regions. We conclude the review by discussing studies that have used treatments such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to manipulate activity in the brain to compensate for the lack of guidance cues in ephrin-knockout animal models. We describe how rTMS could have therapeutic relevance in neurodevelopmental disorders with disrupted brain organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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19. Working toward an integrated plasticity/network framework for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to inform tailored treatments.
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Moretti, Jessica and Rodger, Jennifer
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- 2024
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20. Neurostructural Differences in Adolescents With Treatment-Resistant Depression and Treatment Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.
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Seewoo, Bhedita J, Rodger, Jennifer, Demitrack, Mark A, Heart, Karen L, Port, John D, Strawn, Jeffrey R, and Croarkin, Paul E
- Subjects
TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation ,DEPRESSION in adolescence ,AMYGDALOID body ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,MENTAL depression ,CINGULATE cortex - Abstract
Background Despite its morbidity and mortality, the neurobiology of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in adolescents and the impact of treatment on this neurobiology is poorly understood. Methods Using automatic segmentation in FreeSurfer, we examined brain magnetic resonance imaging baseline volumetric differences among healthy adolescents (n = 30), adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 19), and adolescents with TRD (n = 34) based on objective antidepressant treatment rating criteria. A pooled subsample of adolescents with TRD were treated with 6 weeks of active (n = 18) or sham (n = 7) 10-Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Ten of the adolescents treated with active TMS were part of an open-label trial. The other adolescents treated with active (n = 8) or sham (n = 7) were participants from a randomized controlled trial. Results Adolescents with TRD and adolescents with MDD had decreased total amygdala (TRD and MDD: −5%, P = .032) and caudal anterior cingulate cortex volumes (TRD: −3%, P = .030; MDD: −.03%, P = .041) compared with healthy adolescents. Six weeks of active TMS increased total amygdala volumes (+4%, P < .001) and the volume of the stimulated left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (+.4%, P = .026) in adolescents with TRD. Conclusions Amygdala volumes were reduced in this sample of adolescents with MDD and TRD. TMS may normalize this volumetric finding, raising the possibility that TMS has neurostructural frontolimbic effects in adolescents with TRD. TMS also appears to have positive effects proximal to the site of stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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21. Long-Term Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Tinnitus in a Guinea Pig Model.
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Amat, Farah, Zimdahl, Jack W., Barry, Kristin M., Rodger, Jennifer, and Mulders, Wilhelmina H. A. M.
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TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation ,GUINEA pigs ,ACOUSTIC trauma ,TINNITUS ,AUDITORY pathways ,EAR - Abstract
The auditory phantom sensation of tinnitus is associated with neural hyperactivity. Modulating this hyperactivity using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown beneficial effects in human studies. Previously, we investigated rTMS in a tinnitus animal model and showed that rTMS over prefrontal cortex (PFC) attenuated tinnitus soon after treatment, likely via indirect effects on auditory pathways. Here, we explored the duration of these beneficial effects. Acoustic trauma was used to induce hearing loss and tinnitus in guinea pigs. Once tinnitus developed, high-frequency (20 Hz), high-intensity rTMS was applied over PFC for two weeks (weekdays only; 10 min/day). Behavioral signs of tinnitus were monitored for 6 weeks after treatment ended. Tinnitus developed in 77% of animals between 13 and 60 days post-trauma. rTMS treatment significantly reduced the signs of tinnitus at 1 week on a group level, but individual responses varied greatly at week 2 until week 6. Three (33%) of the animals showed the attenuation of tinnitus for the full 6 weeks, 45% for 1–4 weeks and 22% were non-responders. This study provides further support for the efficacy of high-frequency repetitive stimulation over the PFC as a therapeutic tool for tinnitus, but also highlights individual variation observed in human studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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22. ACOUSTIC TRAUMA ALTERS FUNCTIONAL PATHWAYS BETWEEN AMYGDALA AND AUDITORY THALAMUS IN A RAT MODEL
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Zimdahl, Jack and Rodger, Jennifer
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- 2023
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23. Offline Parietal Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation or Alpha Frequency Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Has No Effect on Visuospatial or Temporal Attention.
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Moretti, Jessica, Marinovic, Welber, Harvey, Alan R., Rodger, Jennifer, and Visser, Troy A. W.
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TRANSCRANIAL alternating current stimulation ,ATTENTIONAL blink ,TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation ,BISECTORS (Geometry) ,BRAIN stimulation ,PARIETAL lobe - Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation is a growing field with potentially wide-ranging clinical and basic science applications due to its ability to transiently and safely change brain excitability. In this study we include two types of stimulation: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). Single session stimulations with either technique have previously been reported to induce changes in attention. To better understand and compare the effectiveness of each technique and the basis of their effects on cognition we assessed changes to both temporal and visuospatial attention using an attentional blink task and a line bisection task following offline stimulation with an intermittent theta burst (iTBS) rTMS protocol or 10 Hz tACS. Additionally, we included a novel rTMS stimulation technique, low-intensity (LI-)rTMS, also using an iTBS protocol, which uses stimulation intensities an order of magnitude below conventional rTMS. Animal models show that low-intensity rTMS modulates cortical excitability despite sub-action potential threshold stimulation. Stimulation was delivered in healthy participants over the right posterior parietal cortex (rPPC) using a within-subjects design (n = 24). Analyses showed no evidence for an effect of any stimulation technique on spatial biases in the line bisection task or on magnitude of the attentional blink. Our results suggests that rTMS and LI-rTMS using iTBS protocol and 10 Hz tACS over rPPC do not modulate performance in tasks assessing visuospatial or temporal attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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24. Connectivity changes following rTMS in rodent: evidence from multimodal imaging
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Rodger, Jennifer, Moretti, Jessica, Terstege, Dylan, Poh, Eugenia, Seewoo, Bhedita, and Epp, Jonathan
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- 2023
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25. Subthreshold repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation drives structural synaptic plasticity in the young and aged motor cortex.
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Tang, Alexander D., Bennett, William, Bindoff, Aidan D., Bolland, Samuel, Collins, Jessica, Langley, Ross C., Garry, Michael I., Summers, Jeffery J., Hinder, Mark R., Rodger, Jennifer, and Canty, Alison J.
- Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive tool commonly used to drive neural plasticity in the young adult and aged brain. Recent data from mouse models have shown that even at subthreshold intensities (0.12 T), rTMS can drive neuronal and glial plasticity in the motor cortex. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying subthreshold rTMS induced plasticity and whether these are altered with normal ageing are unclear. To assess the effect of subthreshold rTMS, using the intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) protocol on structural synaptic plasticity in the mouse motor cortex of young and aged mice. Longitudinal in vivo 2-photon microscopy was used to measure changes to the structural plasticity of pyramidal neuron dendritic spines in the motor cortex following a single train of subthreshold rTMS (in young adult and aged animals) or the same rTMS train administered on 4 consecutive days (in young adult animals only). Data were analysed with Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear regression models and interpreted with the aid of Bayes Factors (BF). We found strong evidence (BF > 10) that subthreshold rTMS altered the rate of dendritic spine losses and gains, dependent on the number of stimulation sessions and that a single session of subthreshold rTMS was effective in driving structural synaptic plasticity in both young adult and aged mice. These findings provide further evidence that rTMS drives synaptic plasticity in the brain and uncovers structural synaptic plasticity as a key mechanism of subthreshold rTMS induced plasticity. • Subthreshold rTMS alters dendritic spine density, rate of losses and formation in adult and aged mice. • A single session of subthreshold rTMS induced plasticity for 45hrs following cessation of stimulation. • Multiple sessions of subthreshold rTMS induced plasticity for 21hrs following cessation of stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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26. Excitatory Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over Prefrontal Cortex in a Guinea Pig Model Ameliorates Tinnitus.
- Author
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Zimdahl, Jack W., Thomas, Harrison, Bolland, Samuel J., Leggett, Kerry, Barry, Kristin M., Rodger, Jennifer, and Mulders, Wilhelmina H. A. M.
- Abstract
Tinnitus, a phantom auditory perception that can seriously affect quality of life, is generally triggered by cochlear trauma and associated with aberrant activity throughout the auditory pathways, often referred to as hyperactivity. Studies suggest that non-auditory structures, such as prefrontal cortex (PFC), may be involved in tinnitus generation, by affecting sensory gating in auditory thalamus, allowing hyperactivity to reach the cortex and lead to perception. Indeed, human studies have shown that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of PFC can alleviate tinnitus. The current study investigated whether this therapeutic effect is achieved through inhibition of thalamic hyperactivity, comparing effects of two common clinical rTMS protocols with sham treatment, in a guinea pig tinnitus model. Animals underwent acoustic trauma and once tinnitus developed were treated with either intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), 20 Hz rTMS, or sham rTMS (10 days, 10 min/day; weekdays only). Tinnitus was reassessed and extracellular recordings of spontaneous tonic and burst firing rates in auditory thalamus made. To verify effects in PFC, densities of neurons positive for calcium-binding proteins, calbindin and parvalbumin, were investigated using immunohistochemistry. Both rTMS protocols significantly reduced tinnitus compared to sham. However, spontaneous tonic firing decreased following 20 Hz stimulation and increased following iTBS in auditory thalamus. Burst rate was significantly different between 20 Hz and iTBS stimulation, and burst duration was increased only after 20 Hz treatment. Density of calbindin, but not parvalbumin positive neurons, was significantly increased in the most dorsal region of PFC indicating that rTMS directly affected PFC. Our results support the involvement of PFC in tinnitus modulation, and the therapeutic benefit of rTMS on PFC in treating tinnitus, but indicate this is not achieved solely by suppression of thalamic hyperactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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27. Prostate cancer mortality outcomes and patterns of primary treatment for Aboriginal men in New South Wales, Australia
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Rodger, Jennifer C., Supramaniam, Rajah, Gibberd, Alison J., Smith, David P., Armstrong, Bruce K., Dillon, Anthony, and O'Connell, Dianne L.
- Subjects
Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ,Adolescent ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Original Articles ,Middle Aged ,prostate cancer ,outcomes ,mortality ,White People ,Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand. The Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand and Wiley have published this supplement with no financial support ,Young Adult ,Treatment Outcome ,Aboriginal men ,Humans ,Original Article ,patterns of care ,New South Wales ,indigenous ,Aged ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Objective To compare prostate cancer mortality for Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal men and to describe prostate cancer treatments received by Aboriginal men. Patients and methods We analysed cancer registry records for all men diagnosed with prostate cancer in New South Wales (NSW) in 2001–2007 linked to hospital inpatient episodes and deaths. More detailed information on androgen‐deprivation therapy and radiotherapy was obtained from medical records for 87 NSW Aboriginal men diagnosed in 2000–2011. The main outcomes were primary treatment for, and death from, prostate cancer. Analysis included Cox proportional hazards regression and logistic regression. Results There were 259 Aboriginal men among 35 214 prostate cancer cases diagnosed in 2001–2007. Age and spread of disease at diagnosis were similar for Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal men. Prostate cancer mortality 5 years after diagnosis was higher for Aboriginal men (17.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 12.4–23.3) than non‐Aboriginal men (11.4%, 95% CI 11.0–11.8). Aboriginal men were 49% more likely to die from prostate cancer (hazard ratio 1.49, 95% CI 1.07–1.99) after adjusting for differences in demographic factors, stage at diagnosis, health access and comorbidities. Aboriginal men were less likely to have a prostatectomy for localised or regional cancer than non‐Aboriginal men (adjusted odds ratio 0.60, 95% CI 0.40–0.91). Of 87 Aboriginal men with full staging and treatment information, 60% were diagnosed with localised disease. Of these, 38% had a prostatectomy (± radiotherapy), 29% had radiotherapy only and 33% had neither. Conclusion More research is required to explain differences in treatment and mortality for Aboriginal men with prostate cancer compared with non‐Aboriginal men. In the meantime, ongoing monitoring and efforts are needed to ensure Aboriginal men have equitable access to best care.
- Published
- 2015
28. Association between temperament related traits and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the serotonin and oxytocin systems in Merino sheep.
- Author
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Ding, Luoyang, Maloney, Shane K., Wang, Mengzhi, Rodger, Jennifer, Chen, Lianmin, and Blache, Dominique
- Subjects
MERINO sheep ,SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms ,OXYTOCIN ,TEMPERAMENT ,SEROTONIN ,MONOAMINE transporters - Abstract
Animal temperament is defined as the consistent behavioral and physiological differences that are seen between individuals in response to the same stressor. Neurotransmitter systems, like serotonin and oxytocin in the central nervous system, underlie variation in behavioral traits in humans and other animals. Variations like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes for tryptophan 5‐hydroxylase (TPH2), the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), the serotonin receptor (HTR2A), and the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) are associated with behavioral phenotype in humans. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify SNPs in those genes and to test if those variations are associated with the temperament in Merino sheep. Using ewes from the University of Western Australia temperament flock, which has been selected on emotional reactivity for more than 20 generations, eight SNPs (rs107856757, rs107856818, rs107856856 and rs107857156 in TPH2, rs20917091 in SLC6A4, rs17196799 and rs17193181 in HTR2A, and rs17664565 in OXTR) were found to be distributed differently between calm and nervous sheep. These eight SNPs were then genotyped in 260 sheep from a flock that has never been selected on emotional reactivity, followed by the estimation of the behavioral traits of those 260 sheep using an arena test and an isolation box test. We found that several SNPs in TPH2 (rs107856757, rs107856818, rs107856856 and rs107857156) were in strong linkage disequilibrium, and all were associated with behavioral phenotype in the nonselected sheep. Similarly, rs17196799 in HTR2A was also associated with the behavioral phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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29. Low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation reduces expression of genes related to inflammation and calcium signalling in cultured mouse cortical astrocytes.
- Author
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Clarke, Darren, Beros, Jamie, Bates, Kristyn A., Harvey, Alan R., Tang, Alexander D., and Rodger, Jennifer
- Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation frequently used to induce neuroplasticity in the brain. Even at low intensities, rTMS has been shown to modulate aspects of neuronal plasticity such as motor learning and structural reorganisation of neural tissue. However, the impact of low intensity rTMS on glial cells such as astrocytes remains largely unknown. This study investigated changes in RNA (qPCR array: 125 selected genes) and protein levels (immunofluorescence) in cultured mouse astrocytes following a single session of low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation (LI-rMS – 18 mT). Purified neonatal cortical astrocyte cultures were stimulated with either 1Hz (600 pulses), 10Hz (600 or 6000 pulses) or sham (0 pulses) LI-rMS, followed by RNA extraction at 5 h post-stimulation, or fixation at either 5 or 24-h post-stimulation. LI-rMS resulted in a two-to-four-fold downregulation of mRNA transcripts related to calcium signalling (Stim1 and Orai3), inflammatory molecules (Icam1) and neural plasticity (Ncam1). 10Hz reduced expression of Stim1 , Orai3 , Kcnmb4 , and Ncam1 mRNA, whereas 1Hz reduced expression of Icam1 mRNA and signalling-related genes. Protein levels followed a similar pattern for 10Hz rMS, with a significant reduction of STIM1, ORAI3, KCNMB4, and NCAM1 protein compared to sham, but 1Hz increased STIM1 and ORAI3 protein levels relative to sham. These findings demonstrate the ability of 1Hz and 10Hz LI-rMS to modulate specific aspects of astrocytic phenotype, potentially contributing to the known effects of low intensity rTMS on excitability and neuroplasticity. • 1 Hz and 10 Hz low intensity rMS induced reductions in astrocyte gene expression in vitro , 5 h post-stimulation. • Modulated genes were primarily related to inflammation and calcium signalling pathways. • In a subset of genes modulated by LI-rMS, protein levels were also modulated at 5 and 24 h post-stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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30. Validation of Chronic Restraint StressModel in Young Adult Rats for the Study of Depression Using LongitudinalMultimodal MR Imaging.
- Author
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Seewoo, Bhedita J., Hennessy, Lauren A., Feindel, Kirk W., Etherington, Sarah J., Croarkin, Paul E., and Rodger, Jennifer
- Published
- 2020
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31. rTMS-Induced Changes in Glutamatergic and Dopaminergic Systems: Relevance to Cocaine and Methamphetamine Use Disorders.
- Author
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Moretti, Jessica, Poh, Eugenia Z., and Rodger, Jennifer
- Subjects
COCAINE-induced disorders ,SUBSTANCE-induced disorders ,TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation ,BRAIN stimulation ,GLUTAMATE transporters - Abstract
Cocaine use disorder and methamphetamine use disorder are chronic, relapsing disorders with no US Food and Drug Administration-approved interventions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation tool that has been increasingly investigated as a possible therapeutic intervention for substance use disorders. rTMS may have the ability to induce beneficial neuroplasticity in abnormal circuits and networks in individuals with addiction. The aim of this review is to highlight the rationale and potential for rTMS to treat cocaine and methamphetamine dependence: we synthesize the outcomes of studies in healthy humans and animal models to identify and understand the neurobiological mechanisms of rTMS that seem most involved in addiction, focusing on the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems. rTMS-induced changes to neurotransmitter systems include alterations to striatal dopamine release and metabolite levels, as well as to glutamate transporter and receptor expression, which may be relevant for ameliorating the aberrant plasticity observed in individuals with substance use disorders. We also discuss the clinical studies that have used rTMS in humans with cocaine and methamphetamine use disorders. Many such studies suggest changes in network connectivity following acute rTMS, which may underpin reduced craving following chronic rTMS. We suggest several possible future directions for research relating to the therapeutic potential of rTMS in addiction that would help fill current gaps in the literature. Such research would apply rTMS to animal models of addiction, developing a translational pipeline that would guide evidence-based rTMS treatment of cocaine and methamphetamine use disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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32. Additional file 8: Table S5. of Integrated analyses of zebrafish miRNA and mRNA expression profiles identify miR-29b and miR-223 as potential regulators of optic nerve regeneration
- Author
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Fuller-Carter, Paula, Carter, Kim, Anderson, Denise, Harvey, Alan, Giles, Keith, and Rodger, Jennifer
- Abstract
qPCR primers for validating putative miRNA target genes. (DOCX 12Â kb)
- Published
- 2015
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33. Additional file 9: Table S6. of Integrated analyses of zebrafish miRNA and mRNA expression profiles identify miR-29b and miR-223 as potential regulators of optic nerve regeneration
- Author
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Fuller-Carter, Paula, Carter, Kim, Anderson, Denise, Harvey, Alan, Giles, Keith, and Rodger, Jennifer
- Abstract
Oligonucleotide sequences used in luciferase constructs. (DOCX 13Â kb)
- Published
- 2015
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34. Physiological and anatomical investigation of the auditory brainstem in the Fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata).
- Author
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Garrett, Andrew, Lannigan, Virginia, Yates, Nathanael J., Rodger, Jennifer, and Mulders, Wilhelmina
- Subjects
BRAIN stem ,ACOUSTIC nerve ,COCHLEAR nucleus ,AUDITORY pathways ,MARSUPIALS ,FAT content of food - Abstract
The fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) is a small (10-20 g) native marsupial endemic to the south west of Western Australia. Currently little is known about the auditory capabilities of the dunnart, and of marsupials in general. Consequently, this study sought to investigate several electrophysiological and anatomical properties of the dunnart auditory system. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were recorded to brief (5 ms) tone pips at a range of frequencies (4-47.5 kHz) and intensities to determine auditory brainstem thresholds. The dunnart ABR displayed multiple distinct peaks at all test frequencies, similar to other mammalian species. ABR showed the dunnart is most sensitive to higher frequencies increasing up to 47.5 kHz. Morphological observations (Nissl stain) revealed that the auditory structures thought to contribute to the first peaks of the ABR were all distinguishable in the dunnart. Structures identified include the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus, including a cochlear nerve root nucleus as well as several distinct nuclei in the superior olivary complex, such as the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, lateral superior olive and medial superior olive. This study is the first to show functional and anatomical aspects of the lower part of the auditory system in the Fat-tailed dunnart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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35. Differences in Motor Evoked Potentials Induced in Rats by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation under Two Separate Anesthetics: Implications for Plasticity Studies
- Author
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Sykes, Matthew, Matheson, Natalie A, Brownjohn, Philip W, Tang, Alexander D, Rodger, Jennifer, Shemmell, Jonathan, Reynolds, John N. J, Sykes, Matthew, Matheson, Natalie A, Brownjohn, Philip W, Tang, Alexander D, Rodger, Jennifer, Shemmell, Jonathan, and Reynolds, John N. J
- Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is primarily used in humans to change the state of corticospinal excitability. To assess the efficacy of different rTMS stimulation protocols, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) are used as a readout due to their non-invasive nature. Stimulation of the motor cortex produces a response in a targeted muscle, and the amplitude of this twitch provides an indirect measure of the current state of the cortex. When applied to the motor cortex, rTMS can alter MEP amplitude, however, results are variable between participants and across studies. In addition, the mechanisms underlying any change and its locus are poorly understood. In order to better understand these effects, MEPs have been investigated in vivo in animal models, primarily in rats. One major difference in protocols between rats and humans is the use of general anesthesia in animal experiments. Anesthetics are known to affect plasticity-like mechanisms and so may contaminate the effects of an rTMS protocol. In the present study, we explored the effect of anesthetic on MEP amplitude, recorded before and after intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a patterned rTMS protocol with reported facilitatory effects. MEPs were assessed in the brachioradialis muscle of the upper forelimb under two anesthetics: a xylazine/zoletil combination and urethane. We found MEPs could be induced under both anesthetics, with no differences in the resting motor threshold or the average baseline amplitudes. However, MEPs were highly variable between animals under both anesthetics, with the xylazine/zoletil combination showing higher variability and most prominently a rise in amplitude across the baseline recording period. Interestingly, application of iTBS did not facilitate MEP amplitude under either anesthetic condition. Although it is important to underpin human application of TMS with mechanistic examination of effects in animals, caution must be taken when selecting an anesthetic
- Published
- 2016
36. Changing Pax6 Expression Correlates with Axon Outgrowth and Restoration of Topography During Optic Nerve Regeneration
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Rodger, Jennifer, Rodger, Jennifer, King, Carolyn E, Lukehurst, Sharralee, Chen, Patti, Dunlop, Sarah, Beazley, Lynda Dent, Ziman, Melanie, Rodger, Jennifer, Rodger, Jennifer, King, Carolyn E, Lukehurst, Sharralee, Chen, Patti, Dunlop, Sarah, Beazley, Lynda Dent, and Ziman, Melanie
- Abstract
Pax6, a member of the highly conserved developmental Pax gene family, plays a crucial role in early eye development and continues to be expressed in adult retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Here we have used Western blots and immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression of Pax6 in the formation and refinement of topographic projections during optic nerve regeneration in zebrafish and lizard. In zebrafish with natural (12-h light/dark cycle) illumination, Pax6 expression in RGCs was decreased during axon outgrowth and increased during the restoration of the retinotectal map. Rearing fish in stroboscopic illumination to prevent retinotopic refinement resulted in a prolonged decrease in Pax6 levels; return to natural light conditions resulted in map refinement and restoration of normal Pax6 levels. In lizard, RGC axons spontaneously regenerate but remain in a persistent state of regrowth and do not restore topography; visual training during regeneration, however, allows a stabilization of connections and return of topography. Pax6 was persistently decreased in untrained animals but remained increased in trained ones. In both species, changes in expression were not due to cell division or cell death. The results suggest that decreased Pax6 expression is permissive for axon regeneration and extensive searching, while higher levels of Pax6 are associated with restoration of topography.
- Published
- 2006
37. Combined rTMS/fMRI Studies: An Overlooked Resource in Animal Models.
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Seewoo, Bhedita J., Etherington, Sarah J., Feindel, Kirk W., and Rodger, Jennifer
- Subjects
TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation ,FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging ,ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY - Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, which has brain network-level effects in healthy individuals and is also used to treat many neurological and psychiatric conditions in which brain connectivity is believed to be abnormal. Despite the fact that rTMS is being used in a clinical setting and animal studies are increasingly identifying potential cellular and molecular mechanisms, little is known about how these mechanisms relate to clinical changes. This knowledge gap is amplified by non-overlapping approaches used in preclinical and clinical rTMS studies: preclinical studies are mostly invasive, using cellular and molecular approaches, while clinical studies are non-invasive, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), TMS electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET), and behavioral measures. A non-invasive method is therefore needed in rodents to link our understanding of cellular and molecular changes to functional connectivity changes that are clinically relevant. fMRI is the technique of choice for examining both short and long term functional connectivity changes in large-scale networks and is becoming increasingly popular in animal research because of its high translatability, but, to date, there have been no reports of animal rTMS studies using this technique. This review summarizes the main studies combining different rTMS protocols with fMRI in humans, in both healthy and patient populations, providing a foundation for the design of equivalent studies in animals. We discuss the challenges of combining these two methods in animals and highlight considerations important for acquiring clinically-relevant information from combined rTMS/fMRI studies in animals. We believe that combining rTMS and fMRI in animal models will generate new knowledge in the following ways: functional connectivity changes can be explored in greater detail through complementary invasive procedures, clarifying mechanism and improving the therapeutic application of rTMS, as well as improving interpretation of fMRI data. And, in a more general context, a robust comparative approach will refine the use of animal models of specific neuropsychiatric conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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38. Repetitive low intensity magnetic field stimulation in a neuronal cell line: a metabolomics study.
- Author
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Hong, Ivan, Garrett, Andrew, Maker, Garth, Mullaney, Ian, Rodger, Jennifer, and Etherington, Sarah J.
- Subjects
NEURAL physiology ,CELL lines ,NEUROLOGICAL disorders ,METABOLOMICS ,MAGNETIC fields - Abstract
Low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation of neural tissue modulates neuronal excitability and has promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of neurological disorders. However, the underpinning cellular and biochemical mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the behavioural effects of low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation (LI-rMS) at a cellular and biochemical level. We delivered LI-rMS (10 mT) at 1 Hz and 10 Hz to B50 rat neuroblastoma cells in vitro for 10 minutes and measured levels of selected metabolites immediately after stimulation. LI-rMS at both frequencies depleted selected tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites without affecting the main energy supplies. Furthermore, LI-rMS effects were frequency-specific with 1 Hz stimulation having stronger effects than 10 Hz. The observed depletion of metabolites suggested that higher spontaneous activity may have led to an increase in GABA release. Although the absence of organised neural circuits and other cellular contributors (e.g., excitatory neurons and glia) in the B50 cell line limits the degree to which our results can be extrapolated to the human brain, the changes we describe provide novel insights into how LI-rMS modulates neural tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Effects of Neonatal Dexamethasone Exposure on Adult Neuropsychiatric Traits in Rats.
- Author
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Yates, Nathanael J., Robertson, Donald, Rodger, Jennifer, and Martin-Iverson, Mathew T.
- Subjects
DEXAMETHASONE ,NEUROPSYCHIATRY ,HYPOTHALAMIC-pituitary-adrenal axis ,NEURAL development ,DISEASES in adults ,LABORATORY rats - Abstract
The effects of early life stress in utero or in neonates has long-term consequences on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis function and neurodevelopment. These effects extend into adulthood and may underpin a variety of mental illnesses and be related to various developmental and cognitive changes. We examined the potential role of neonatal HPA axis activation on adult psychopathology and dopamine sensitivity in the mature rat using neonatal exposure to the synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist and stress hormone, dexamethasone. We utilized a comprehensive battery of assessments for behaviour, brain function and gene expression to determine if elevated early life HPA activation is associated with adult-onset neuropsychiatric traits. Dexamethasone exposure increased startle reactivity under all conditions tested, but decreased sensitivity of sensorimotor gating to dopaminergic disruption–contrasting with what is observed in several neuropsychiatric diseases. Under certain conditions there also appeared to be mild long-term changes in stress and anxiety-related behaviours with neonatal dexamethasone exposure. Electrophysiology revealed that there were no consistent neuropsychiatric abnormalities in auditory processing or resting state brain function with dexamethasone exposure. However, neonatal dexamethasone altered auditory cortex glucocorticoid activation, and auditory cortex synchronization. Our results indicate that neonatal HPA axis activation by dexamethasone alters several aspects of adult brain function and behaviour and may induce long-term changes in emotional stress-reactivity. However, neonatal dexamethasone exposure is not specifically related to any particular neuropsychiatric disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. In vitro Magnetic Stimulation: A Simple Stimulation Device to Deliver Defined Low Intensity Electromagnetic Fields.
- Author
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Goyenvalle, Catherine, Sherrard, Rachel M., Grehl, Stephanie, Rodger, Jennifer, Martina, David, Zhi-De Deng, and Vlachos, Andreas
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TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation ,ELECTROMAGNETIC fields ,ELECTROMAGNETS ,IN vitro studies ,EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) by electromagnetic fields appears to benefit human neurological and psychiatric conditions, although the optimal stimulation parameters and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Although, in vitro studies have begun to elucidate cellular mechanisms, stimulation is delivered by a range of coils (from commercially available human stimulation coils to laboratory-built circuits) so that the electromagnetic fields induced within the tissue to produce the reported effects are ill-defined. Here, we develop a simple in vitro stimulation device with plug-and-play features that allow delivery of a range of stimulation parameters. We chose to test low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation (LI-rMS) delivered at three frequencies to hindbrain explant cultures containing the olivocerebellar pathway. We used computational modeling to define the parameters of a stimulation circuit and coil that deliver a unidirectional homogeneous magnetic field of known intensity and direction, and therefore a predictable electric field, to the target. We built the coil to be compatible with culture requirements: stimulation within an incubator; a flat surface allowing consistent position and magnetic field direction; location outside the culture plate to maintain sterility and no heating or vibration. Measurements at the explant confirmed the induced magnetic field was homogenous and matched the simulation results. To validate our system we investigated biological effects following LI-rMS at 1 Hz, 10 Hz and biomimetic high frequency, which we have previously shown induces neural circuit reorganization. We found that gene expression was modified by LI-rMS in a frequency-related manner. Four hours after a single 10-min stimulation session, the number of c-fos positive cells increased, indicating that our stimulation activated the tissue. Also, after 14 days of LI-rMS, the expression of genes normally present in the tissue was differentially modified according to the stimulation delivered. Thus we describe a simple magnetic stimulation device that delivers defined stimulation parameters to different neural systems in vitro. Such devices are essential to further understanding of the fundamental effects of magnetic stimulation on biological tissue and optimize therapeutic application of human NIBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Seeing with Two Eyes: Integration of Binocular Retinal Projections in the Brain
- Author
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Wilks, Tenelle A., Harvey, Alan R., Rodger, Jennifer, Wilks, Tenelle A., Harvey, Alan R., and Rodger, Jennifer
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- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. HDBR Expression: A Unique Resource for Global and Individual Gene Expression Studies during Early Human Brain Development.
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Lindsay, Susan J., Yaobo Xu, Lisgo, Steven N., Harkin, Lauren F., Copp, Andrew J., Gerrelli, Dianne, Clowry, Gavin J., Talbot, Aysha, Keogh, Michael J., Coxhead, Jonathan, Santibanez-Koref, Mauro, Chinnery, Patrick F., Elston, Guy, and Rodger, Jennifer
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NEURAL development ,FETAL tissues ,SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms ,DNA ,HUMAN embryos ,RNA - Abstract
The article examines the role of human developmental biology resource (HDBR) expression for studying prenatal human brain development. Topics include obtaining of human embryonic and fetal tissues from the medical research council (MRC)/Wellcome-Trust funded HDBR, carrying out of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotyping according to the Illumina Infinium LCG Quad Assay protocol; quantifying of DNA was quantified on the QuBit system; and extraction of RNA from human embryonic.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Construction and Evaluation of Rodent-Specific rTMS Coils.
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Tang, Alexander D., Lowe, Andrea S., Garrett, Andrew R., Woodward, Robert, Bennett, William, Canty, Alison J., Garry, Michael I., Hinder, Mark R., Summers, Jeffery J., Gersner, Roman, Rotenberg, Alexander, Thickbroom, Gary, Walton, Joseph, and Rodger, Jennifer
- Subjects
TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation ,NEUROPLASTICITY ,NEURAL stimulation ,MAGNETIC fields ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of electric fields - Abstract
Rodent models of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) play a crucial role in aiding the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TMS induced plasticity. Rodent-specific TMS have previously been used to deliver focal stimulation at the cost of stimulus intensity (12 mT). Here we describe two novel TMS coils designed to deliver repetitive TMS (rTMS) at greater stimulation intensities whilst maintaining spatial resolution. Two circular coils (8 mm outer diameter) were constructed with either an air or pure iron-core. Peak magnetic field strength for the air and iron-cores were 90 and 120 mT, respectively, with the iron-core coil exhibiting less focality. Coil temperature and magnetic field stability for the two coils undergoing rTMS, were similar at 1 Hz but varied at 10 Hz. Finite element modeling of 10 Hz rTMS with the iron-core in a simplified rat brain model suggests a peak electric field of 85 and 12.7 V/m, within the skull and the brain, respectively. Delivering 10 Hz rTMS to the motor cortex of anaesthetized rats with the iron-core coil significantly increased motor evoked potential amplitudes immediately after stimulation (n = 4). Our results suggest these novel coils generate modest magnetic and electric fields, capable of altering cortical excitability and provide an alternative method to investigate the mechanisms underlying rTMS-induced plasticity in an experimental setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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44. A Dorso-Ventral Gradient of Pax6 in the Developing Retina Suggests a Role in Topographic Map Formation
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Ziman, Melanie, Ziman, Melanie, Rodger, Jennifer, Lukehurst, Sharralee, Hancock, Davina, Dunlop, Sarah, Beazley, Lynda Dent, Ziman, Melanie, Ziman, Melanie, Rodger, Jennifer, Lukehurst, Sharralee, Hancock, Davina, Dunlop, Sarah, and Beazley, Lynda Dent
- Abstract
Expression of the transcription factor Pax6 was assessed immunohistochemically in embryonic chick retina during retino-tectal map formation. A low dorsal to high ventral gradient was found that correlated with expression of the axonal guidance cue EphB2. Furthermore, transfection of Pax6 into undifferentiated P19 cells up-regulated EphB2. The results raise the possibility that Pax6 is upstream of EphB2 and that its graded expression defines the dorso-ventral axis of the retino-tectal projection.
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- 2003
45. FILM: SWEET AND LOW; chris sanders, the co-director with Dean deblois of `lilo & stitch', chooses His best and worst scenes of all time
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Rodger, Jennifer
- Subjects
General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
BEST SCENE `The Cowboys' (Mark Rydell, 1972) It's a scene that creates a frightening situation very effectively. The film (right) is about ranch owner Will Anderson (played by John Wayne) [...]
- Published
- 2002
46. Integrated analyses of zebrafish miRNA and mRNA expression profiles identify miR-29b and miR-223 as potential regulators of optic nerve regeneration.
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Fuller-Carter, Paula I., Carter, Kim W., Anderson, Denise, Harvey, Alan R., Giles, Keith M., and Rodger, Jennifer
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ZEBRA danio ,MESSENGER RNA ,GENE expression ,LUCIFERASE genetics ,OXIDOREDUCTASES - Abstract
Background: Unlike mammals, zebrafish have the ability to regenerate damaged parts of their central nervous system (CNS) and regain functionality of the affected area. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in zebrafish regeneration may therefore provide insight into how CNS repair might be induced in mammals. Although many studies have described differences in gene expression in zebrafish during CNS regeneration, the regulatory mechanisms underpinning the differential expression of these genes have not been examined. Results: We used microarrays to analyse and integrate the mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of zebrafish retina after optic nerve crush to identify potential regulatory mechanisms that underpin central nerve regeneration. Bioinformatic analysis identified 3 miRNAs and 657 mRNAs that were differentially expressed after injury. We then combined inverse correlations between our miRNA expression and mRNA expression, and integrated these findings with target predictions from TargetScan Fish to identify putative miRNA-gene target pairs. We focused on two over-expressed miRNAs (miR-29b and miR-223), and functionally validated seven of their predicted gene targets using RT-qPCR and luciferase assays to confirm miRNA-mRNA binding. Gene ontology analysis placed the miRNA-regulated genes (eva1a, layna, nefmb, ina, si:ch211-51a6.2, smoc1, sb:cb252) in key biological processes that included cell survival/apoptosis, ECM-cytoskeleton signaling, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding, Conclusion: Our results suggest a key role for miR-29b and miR-223 in zebrafish regeneration. The identification of miRNA regulation in a zebrafish injury model provides a framework for future studies in which to investigate not only the cellular processes required for CNS regeneration, but also how these mechanisms might be regulated to promote successful repair and return of function in the injured mammalian brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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47. Low Intensity Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Does Not Induce Cell Survival or Regeneration in a Mouse Optic Nerve Crush Model.
- Author
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Tang, Alexander D., Makowiecki, Kalina, Bartlett, Carole, and Rodger, Jennifer
- Subjects
TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation ,OPTIC nerve ,BRAIN stimulation ,BRAIN physiology ,RETINAL ganglion cells ,IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY - Abstract
Low intensity repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (LI-rTMS), a non-invasive form of brain stimulation, has been shown to induce structural and functional brain plasticity, including short distance axonal sprouting. However, the potential for LI-rTMS to promote axonal regeneration following neurotrauma has not been investigated. This study examined the effect of LI-rTMS on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival, axon regeneration and levels of BDNF in an optic nerve crush neurotrauma model. Adult C57Bl/6J mice received a unilateral intraorbital optic nerve crush. Mice received 10 minutes of sham (handling control without stimulation) (n=6) or LI-rTMS (n = 8) daily stimulation for 14 days to the operated eye. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess RGC survival (β-3 Tubulin) and axon regeneration across the injury (GAP43). Additionally, BDNF expression was quantified in a separate cohort by ELISA in the retina and optic nerve of injured (optic nerve crush) (sham n = 5, LI-rTMS n = 5) and non-injured mice (sham n = 5, LI-rTMS n = 5) that received daily stimulation as above for 7 days. Following 14 days of LI-rTMS there was no significant difference in mean RGC survival between sham and treated animals (p>0.05). Also, neither sham nor LI-rTMS animals showed GAP43 positive labelling in the optic nerve, indicating that regeneration did not occur. At 1 week, there was no significant difference in BDNF levels in the retina or optic nerves between sham and LI-rTMS in injured or non-injured mice (p>0.05). Although LI-rTMS has been shown to induce structural and molecular plasticity in the visual system and cerebellum, our results suggest LI-rTMS does not induce neuroprotection or regeneration following a complete optic nerve crush. These results help define the therapeutic capacity and limitations of LI-rTMS in the treatment of neurotrauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Ephrin-A2 and Ephrin-A5 Are Important for the Functional Development of Cutaneous Innervation in a Mouse Model.
- Author
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Wijeratne, Dulharie T, Rodger, Jennifer, Wallace, Hilary J, Maghami, Siaavash, Sykes, Matthew, Wood, Fiona M, and Fear, Mark W
- Subjects
- *
EPHRINS , *EPHRIN receptors , *BONFERRONI correction , *SKIN innervation , *CENTRAL nervous system , *PERIPHERAL nervous system - Abstract
The article focuses on a study related to investigate the role of Ephrin receptors A-2 and A-5 ligands on cutaneous innervation and sensory function. It mention importance of Ephrin receptors and ligand interaction in neuronal mapping and central as well as peripheral nerves topography. It also presents that one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni correction for multiple testing of animal sample used in the study.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Internet gaming zone; NET GAINS
- Author
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Rodger, Jennifer
- Subjects
Hasbro Interactive Inc. ,Computer games ,Toy industry ,Computer game ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
www.hasbro-interactive.com Interactive is one of the more abused words in the computer business, but there is a clear interactive element in multi-player gaming. At web game sites you can now [...]
- Published
- 1999
50. Film: Double Bill, John Waters; John Waters, Director Of `Pecker', Currently On Release, On His Ideal Cinematic Pairing
- Author
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Rodger, Jennifer
- Subjects
General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
The Faculty (Robert Rodriguez, 1998) Hurlyburly(Anthony Drazen, 1998) These Movies are supposedly at opposite ends of the spectrum, which is the real reason I go to the cinema. I love [...]
- Published
- 1999
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