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Sarah Bentley,1 Lucy Morgan,1 Elizabeth Exall,1 Rob Arbuckle,1 Rebecca C Rossom,2 Nicholas Roche,3 Kamlesh Khunti,4 Victoria Higgins,5 James Piercy5 1Patient-Centered Outcomes, Adelphi Values, Bollington, Cheshire, UK; 2HealthPartners Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA; 3Respiratory Medicine, Cochin Hospital, APHP Centre University Paris Cité, Institut Cochin (UMR1016), Paris, France; 4Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester University, Leicester, UK; 5Adelphi Real World, Bollington, Cheshire, UKCorrespondence: Rob Arbuckle, Patient-Centered Outcomes, Adelphi Values, Bollington, Cheshire, UK, Tel +44 7720 880884, Email rob.arbuckle@Adelphivalues.comPurpose: The Adelphi Adherence Questionnaire (ADAQ©) is a newly developed generic patient-reported outcome (PRO) assessment of medication adherence. The aim was to assess its content validity by conducting cognitive debriefing (CD) interviews with patients prescribed medication(s) of various treatment modalities in a range of therapy areas.Materials and Methods: Targeted literature/instrument review and concept elicitation interviews informed development of the ADAQ©. CD interviews were conducted with 57 adults from the United States of America (USA; n = 21), Spain (n = 18), and Germany (n = 18) who prescribed medication for hypertension, diabetes, depression, schizophrenia, asthma, multiple myeloma, psoriasis, and/or multiple sclerosis. Interviews were conducted in two rounds to explore the relevance and understanding of the item wording, instructions, recall period and response options. Verbatim transcripts were analysed in ATLAS.Ti using thematic analysis. Three expert clinicians provided guidance throughout the study.Results: ADAQ© items/instructions were well understood and relevant to participants. Key modifications following round 1 included revising instructions to refer to current medication(s) for one condition to reduce cognitive burden, removing two items with lower relevan

We report the design and analysis of a novel compensation chamber for use in PHUMP, a multiple condenser loop heat pipe (LHP) capable of dissipating 1000 W. The LHP is designed for integration into a high performance air-cooled heat sink to address thermal management challenges in advanced electronic systems. The compensation chamber is integrated into the evaporator of the device and provides a region for volumetric expansion of the working fluid over a range of operating temperatures. Additionally, the compensation chamber serves to set the liquid side pressure of the device, preventing both flooding of the condensers and dry out of the evaporator. The compensation chamber design was achieved through a combination of computational simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics and models developed based on experimental work of previous designs. The compensation chamber was fabricated as part of the evaporator using Copper and Monel sintered wicks with various particle sizes to achieve the desired operating characteristics. Currently, the compensation chamber is being incorporated into a multiple condenser LHP for a high performance air-cooled heat sink. Copyright © 2013 by ASME., United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Microsystems Technology Office. Microtechnologies for Air-Cooled Exchange Program (Grant Number W31P4Q-09-1-0007)

We present the characterization of a compact, high performance air-cooled heat sink with an integrated loop heat pipe. In this configuration, heat enters the heat sink at the evaporator base and is transferred within the heat pipe by the latent heat of vaporization of a working fluid. From the condensers, the heat is transferred to the ambient air by an integrated fan. Multiple condensers are used to increase the surface area available for air-cooling, and to ensure the equal and optimal operation of the individual condensers, an additional wick is incorporated into the condensers. We demonstrated with this design (10.2 cm × 10.2 cm × 9 cm), a total thermal resistance of less than 0.1 °C/W while dissipating a heat load of 500 W from a source at 75 °C. Furthermore, constant thermal resistance was observed in the upright as well as sideways orientations. This prototype is a proof-of-concept demonstration of a high performance and efficient air-cooled heat sink design that can be readily integrated for various electronics packaging and data center applications., United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Microsystems Technology Office. Microtechnologies for Air-Cooled Exchangers (Grant Number W31P4Q-09-1-0007)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2013., Cataloged from PDF version of thesis., Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-90)., The performance of many electronic devices is presently limited by heat dissipation rates. One potential solution lies in high-performance air-cooled heat exchangers like PHUMP, the multiple condenser loop heat pipe presented here. This device features a number of design improvements that lead to significant increases in performance relative to state of the art heat exchangers. In this work, a compensation chamber is developed and implemented to ensure the operational stability of the device across a wide range of operating conditions. A computational model of the device was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics v3.5a to allow for design optimization and performance evaluation. The accuracy of this computational model was established by comparing simulation results to experimental data. Analytical models were used to identify operating points of interest, which were simulated to compare the performance of various designs. The final design featured reduced thermal resistance between the vapor in the evaporator and the compensation chamber, and increased thermal resistance between the compensation chamber and the ambient air relative to past designs. This design reduced the risk of condenser flooding and evaporator dry out, improving the operational stability of the device. This design was implemented into a ten-condenser prototype, where experiments validated its performance. The compensation chamber did not require any electrical heaters, reducing the power consumption of the device and increasing its COP. Finally, general recommendations and guidelines are presented for use during the design process of future compensation chambers., by Nicholas Albert Roche., S.M.