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1. Structural controllability and management of cascading regime shifts

Author

Rocha, Juan Carlos and Crépin, Anne-Sophie

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
Abstract

Abrupt transitions in ecosystems can be interconnected, raising challenges for science and management in identifying sufficient interventions to prevent them or recover from undesirable shifts. Here we use principles of network controllability to explore how difficult it is to manage coupled regime shifts. We find that coupled regime shifts are easier to manage when they share drivers, but can become harder to manage if new feedbacks are formed when coupled. Simulation experiments showed that both network structure and coupling strength matter in our ability to manage interconnected systems. This theoretical observation calls for an empirical assessment of cascading regime shifts in ecosystems and warns about our limited ability to control cascading effects., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

3. Achieving a nature- and people-positive future

Author

Obura, David O., DeClerck, Fabrice, Verburg, Peter H., Gupta, Joyeeta, Abrams, Jesse F., Bai, Xuemei, Bunn, Stuart, Ebi, Kristie L., Gifford, Lauren, Gordon, Chris, Jacobson, Lisa, Lenton, Timothy M., Liverman, Diana, Mohamed, Awaz, Prodani, Klaudia, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Rockström, Johan, Sakschewski, Boris, Stewart-Koster, Ben, van Vuuren, Detlef, Winkelmann, Ricarda, and Zimm, Caroline

Published
2023
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4. Esters of quinoxaline-7-carboxylate-1,4-di-N-oxide as Trichomonas vaginalis triosephosphate isomerase inhibitors

Author

Palos Isidro, Moo-Puc Rosa, Vique-Sánchez José Luis, Benítez-Cardoza Claudia G., Monge Antonio, Villalobos-Rocha Juan Carlos, Paz-Gonzalez Alma D., and Rivera Gildardo

Subjects
quinoxaline 1, 4-di-n-oxide, trichomoniasis, triosephosphate isomerase inhibitor, Pharmaceutical industry, HD9665-9675
Abstract

Trichomoniasis is a public health problem worldwide. Trichomoniasis treatment consists of the use of nitroimidazole derivatives; however, therapeutic ineffectiveness occurs in 5 to 20 % of the cases. Therefore, it is essential to propose new pharmacological agents against this disease. In this work, esters of quinoxaline-7-carboxylate-1,4-di-N-oxide (EQX-NO) were evaluated in in vitro assays as novel trichomonicidal agents. Additionally, an in vitro enzyme assay and molecular docking analysis against triosephosphate isomerase of Trichomonas vaginalis to confirm their mechanism of action were performed. Ethyl (compound 12) and n-propyl (compound 37) esters of quinoxaline-7-carboxy-late-1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives showed trichomonicidal activity comparable to nitazoxanide, whereas five methyl (compounds 5, 15, 19, 20 and 22), four isopropyl (compounds 28, 29, 30 and 34), three ethyl (compounds 4, 13 and 23) and one npropyl (compound 35) ester derivatives displayed activity comparable to albendazole. Compounds 6 and 20 decreased 100 % of the enzyme activity of recombinant protein triosephosphate isomerase.

Published
2021
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5. Living within the safe and just Earth system boundaries for blue water

Author

Stewart-Koster, Ben, Bunn, Stuart E., Green, Pamela, Ndehedehe, Christopher, Andersen, Lauren S., Armstrong McKay, David I., Bai, Xuemei, DeClerck, Fabrice, Ebi, Kristie L., Gordon, Christopher, Gupta, Joyeeta, Hasan, Syezlin, Jacobson, Lisa, Lade, Steven J., Liverman, Diana, Loriani, Sina, Mohamed, Awaz, Nakicenovic, Nebojsa, Obura, David, Qin, Dahe, Rammelt, Crelis, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Rockström, Johan, Verburg, Peter H., Zimm, Caroline, Stewart-Koster, Ben, Bunn, Stuart E., Green, Pamela, Ndehedehe, Christopher, Andersen, Lauren S., Armstrong McKay, David I., Bai, Xuemei, DeClerck, Fabrice, Ebi, Kristie L., Gordon, Christopher, Gupta, Joyeeta, Hasan, Syezlin, Jacobson, Lisa, Lade, Steven J., Liverman, Diana, Loriani, Sina, Mohamed, Awaz, Nakicenovic, Nebojsa, Obura, David, Qin, Dahe, Rammelt, Crelis, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Rockström, Johan, Verburg, Peter H., and Zimm, Caroline

Abstract

Safe and just Earth system boundaries (ESBs) for surface water and groundwater (blue water) have been defined for sustainable water management in the Anthropocene. Here we assessed whether minimum human needs could be met with surface water from within individual river basins alone and, where this is not possible, quantified how much groundwater would be required. Approximately 2.6 billion people live in river basins where groundwater is needed because they are already outside the surface water ESB or have insufficient surface water to meet human needs and the ESB. Approximately 1.4 billion people live in river basins where demand-side transformations would be required as they either exceed the surface water ESB or face a decline in groundwater recharge and cannot meet minimum needs within the ESB. A further 1.5 billion people live in river basins outside the ESB, with insufficient surface water to meet minimum needs, requiring both supply- and demand-side transformations. These results highlight the challenges and opportunities of meeting even basic human access needs to water and protecting aquatic ecosystems.

Published
2024
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6. Climate tipping point interactions and cascades: a review

Author

Wunderling, Nico, Heydt, Anna S von der, Aksenov, Yevgeny, Barker, Stephen, Bastiaansen, Robbin, Brovkin, Victor, Brunetti, Maura, Couplet, Victor, Kleinen, Thomas, Lear, Caroline, Lohmann, Johannes Jakob, Roman-Cuesta, Rosa Maria, Sinet, Sacha, Swingedouw, Didier, Winkelmann, Ricarda, Anand, Pallavi, Barichivich, Jonathan, Bathiany, Sebastian, Baudena, Mara, Bruun, John, Chiessi, Cristiano, Coxall, Helen, Docquier, David, Donges, Jonathan, Falkena, Swinda K.J., Klose, Ann Kristin, Obura, David, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Rynders, Stefanie, Steinert, Norman J., Willeit, Matteo, Wunderling, Nico, Heydt, Anna S von der, Aksenov, Yevgeny, Barker, Stephen, Bastiaansen, Robbin, Brovkin, Victor, Brunetti, Maura, Couplet, Victor, Kleinen, Thomas, Lear, Caroline, Lohmann, Johannes Jakob, Roman-Cuesta, Rosa Maria, Sinet, Sacha, Swingedouw, Didier, Winkelmann, Ricarda, Anand, Pallavi, Barichivich, Jonathan, Bathiany, Sebastian, Baudena, Mara, Bruun, John, Chiessi, Cristiano, Coxall, Helen, Docquier, David, Donges, Jonathan, Falkena, Swinda K.J., Klose, Ann Kristin, Obura, David, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Rynders, Stefanie, Steinert, Norman J., and Willeit, Matteo

Abstract

Climate tipping elements are large-scale subsystems of the Earth that may transgress critical thresholds (tipping points) under ongoing global warming, with substantial impacts on the biosphere and human societies. Frequently studied examples of such tipping elements include the Greenland Ice Sheet, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), permafrost, monsoon systems, and the Amazon rainforest. While recent scientific efforts have improved our knowledge about individual tipping elements, the interactions between them are less well understood. Also, the potential of individual tipping events to induce additional tipping elsewhere or stabilize other tipping elements is largely unknown. Here, we map out the current state of the literature on the interactions between climate tipping elements and review the influences between them. To do so, we gathered evidence from model simulations, observations, and conceptual understanding, as well as examples of paleoclimate reconstructions where multi-component or spatially propagating transitions were potentially at play. While uncertainties are large, we find indications that many of the interactions between tipping elements are destabilizing. Therefore, we conclude that tipping elements should not only be studied in isolation, but also more emphasis has to be put on potential interactions. This means that tipping cascades cannot be ruled out on centennial to millennial timescales at global warming levels between 1.5 and 2.0 circle C or on shorter timescales if global warming surpassed 2.0 circle C. At these higher levels of global warming, tipping cascades may then include fast tipping elements such as the AMOC or the Amazon rainforest. To address crucial knowledge gaps in tipping element interactions, we propose four strategies combining observation-based approaches, Earth system modeling expertise, computational advances, and expert knowledge.

Published
2024

7. Climate tipping point interactions and cascades: a review

Author

Marine and Atmospheric Research, Sub Physical Oceanography, Sub Mathematical Modeling, Sub Algemeen Marine & Atmospheric Res, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Wunderling, Nico, Heydt, Anna S von der, Aksenov, Yevgeny, Barker, Stephen, Bastiaansen, Robbin, Brovkin, Victor, Brunetti, Maura, Couplet, Victor, Kleinen, Thomas, Lear, Caroline, Lohmann, Johannes Jakob, Roman-Cuesta, Rosa Maria, Sinet, Sacha, Swingedouw, Didier, Winkelmann, Ricarda, Anand, Pallavi, Barichivich, Jonathan, Bathiany, Sebastian, Baudena, Mara, Bruun, John, Chiessi, Cristiano, Coxall, Helen, Docquier, David, Donges, Jonathan, Falkena, Swinda K.J., Klose, Ann Kristin, Obura, David, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Rynders, Stefanie, Steinert, Norman J., Willeit, Matteo, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Sub Physical Oceanography, Sub Mathematical Modeling, Sub Algemeen Marine & Atmospheric Res, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Wunderling, Nico, Heydt, Anna S von der, Aksenov, Yevgeny, Barker, Stephen, Bastiaansen, Robbin, Brovkin, Victor, Brunetti, Maura, Couplet, Victor, Kleinen, Thomas, Lear, Caroline, Lohmann, Johannes Jakob, Roman-Cuesta, Rosa Maria, Sinet, Sacha, Swingedouw, Didier, Winkelmann, Ricarda, Anand, Pallavi, Barichivich, Jonathan, Bathiany, Sebastian, Baudena, Mara, Bruun, John, Chiessi, Cristiano, Coxall, Helen, Docquier, David, Donges, Jonathan, Falkena, Swinda K.J., Klose, Ann Kristin, Obura, David, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Rynders, Stefanie, Steinert, Norman J., and Willeit, Matteo

Published
2024

9. Achieving a nature- and people-positive future

Author

Environmental Sciences, Obura, David O., DeClerck, Fabrice, Verburg, Peter H., Gupta, Joyeeta, Abrams, Jesse F., Bai, Xuemei, Bunn, Stuart, Ebi, Kristie L., Gifford, Lauren, Gordon, Chris, Jacobson, Lisa, Lenton, Timothy M., Liverman, Diana, Mohamed, Awaz, Prodani, Klaudia, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Rockström, Johan, Sakschewski, Boris, Stewart-Koster, Ben, van Vuuren, Detlef, Winkelmann, Ricarda, Zimm, Caroline, Environmental Sciences, Obura, David O., DeClerck, Fabrice, Verburg, Peter H., Gupta, Joyeeta, Abrams, Jesse F., Bai, Xuemei, Bunn, Stuart, Ebi, Kristie L., Gifford, Lauren, Gordon, Chris, Jacobson, Lisa, Lenton, Timothy M., Liverman, Diana, Mohamed, Awaz, Prodani, Klaudia, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Rockström, Johan, Sakschewski, Boris, Stewart-Koster, Ben, van Vuuren, Detlef, Winkelmann, Ricarda, and Zimm, Caroline

Published
2023

10. Tipping points in the biosphere

Author

Armstrong McKay, David I., Sakschewski, Boris, Roman-Cuesta, Rosa M., Dakos, Vasilis, Flores, Bernardo M., Hessen, Dag O., Hirota, Marina, Kéfi, Sonia, Obura, David, Reyer, Christopher P.O., Staver, A.C., Thom, Dominik, Abis, Beniamino, do Amaral, Cibele, Andersen, Tom, Bathiany, S., Beaugrand, Gregory, Blenckner, Thorsten, Brovkin, Victor, Berdugo, Miguel, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Dexter, Kyle G., Drüke, Markus, Duke, Norman C., Friess, Daniel A., Silveira, Jorge Alfredo Herrera, Bill-Weilandt, Alina, Guirado, Emilio, Holmgren, M., Kosten, Sarian, Lovelock, Catherine E., Mayor, Angeles G., Mayor, Daniel J., McField, Melanie, Meerhoff, Mariana, Muñiz-Castillo, Aarón Israel, Niiranen, Susa, Paton, Steven, Pearce-Kelly, Paul, Pueyo Estaún, Yolanda, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Romagnoni, Giovanni, Sanabria-Fernandez, Jose A., Sguotti, Camilla, Spears, Bryan M., Staal, Arie, Stevens, Nicola, Tarling, Geraint A., Wiltshire, Andy J., Armstrong McKay, David I., Sakschewski, Boris, Roman-Cuesta, Rosa M., Dakos, Vasilis, Flores, Bernardo M., Hessen, Dag O., Hirota, Marina, Kéfi, Sonia, Obura, David, Reyer, Christopher P.O., Staver, A.C., Thom, Dominik, Abis, Beniamino, do Amaral, Cibele, Andersen, Tom, Bathiany, S., Beaugrand, Gregory, Blenckner, Thorsten, Brovkin, Victor, Berdugo, Miguel, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Dexter, Kyle G., Drüke, Markus, Duke, Norman C., Friess, Daniel A., Silveira, Jorge Alfredo Herrera, Bill-Weilandt, Alina, Guirado, Emilio, Holmgren, M., Kosten, Sarian, Lovelock, Catherine E., Mayor, Angeles G., Mayor, Daniel J., McField, Melanie, Meerhoff, Mariana, Muñiz-Castillo, Aarón Israel, Niiranen, Susa, Paton, Steven, Pearce-Kelly, Paul, Pueyo Estaún, Yolanda, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Romagnoni, Giovanni, Sanabria-Fernandez, Jose A., Sguotti, Camilla, Spears, Bryan M., Staal, Arie, Stevens, Nicola, Tarling, Geraint A., and Wiltshire, Andy J.

Abstract

This chapter assesses scientific evidence for tipping points across the biosphere, which comprises Earth’s ecosystems. Human-driven habitat loss, pollution, exploitation and, increasingly, climate change are degrading ecosystems across the planet, some of which can pass tipping points beyond which a ‘regime shift’ to an alternative (and often less diverse or beneficial) ecosystem state occurs.Evidence for tipping points emerges across many biomes. In forests,large parts of the Amazon rain forest could tip to degraded forest or impoverished savanna, while tipping in boreal forests is possible but more uncertain, and whether current temperate forest disturbance could lead to tipping is unclear. In open savannas and drylands,drying could lead to desertification in some areas, while in others encroachment by trees and shrubs could see these biodiverse ecosystems shift to a forested or degraded state. Nutrient pollution and warming can trigger lakes to switch to an algae-dominated low-oxygen state. Coral reefs are already experiencing tipping points, as more frequent warming-driven bleaching events, along with pollution,extreme weather events and diseases, tip them to degraded algae-dominated states. Mangroves and sea grasses are at risk of regional tipping, along with kelp forests, marine food webs and some fisheries,which are known to be able to collapse.Together, these tipping points threaten the livelihoods of millions of people, and some thresholds are likely imminent. Stabilising climate is critical for reducing the likelihood of widespread ecosystem tipping points, but tackling other pressures can also help increase ecological resilience, push back tipping and support human well being.

Published
2023

11. Influencias en el Ambiente Educativo de la Carrera de Manufactura en Ecuador

Author

Sópalo , Verónica A., Rocha, Juan Carlos, Peralta, Fátima L., and Chichande, Yalila M.

Subjects
Manufacturing, Manufactura, Formación Tecnológica, Technological Training, Academy-Company-State Alliance, Actualización, Alianza Academia-Empresa-Estad, Update
Abstract

In the Academy, Government and Company model, it seeks to take advantage of university dynamics as a knowledge manager and its results are for the creation of business innovation as a leverage for the socio-economic development of society. The study was carried out in the context where the university requires a permanent review of the needs of its environment, the creation of solid academic and social networks and the creation of intermediate associations in textile manufacturing. So, the most appropriate path is based on the interaction of the academic, business, and social triad entities for the innovation of regional productivity in the area of manufacturing and improvement of people's lives. En el modelo Academia, Gobierno y Empresa, busca aprovecharse las dinámicas universitarias como gestor de conocimiento y sus resultados sean para la creación de innovación empresarial como apalancamiento para el desarrollo socioeconómico de la sociedad. El estudio se realizó en el contexto donde la universidad requiera una permanente revisión de las necesidades de su entorno, la creación de redes académicas, sociales sólidas y la creación de asociaciones intermedias en el área de la manufactura textil. Entonces, el camino más adecuado se basa en la interacción de los entes de la triada academia, empresariales y sociales para la innovación de la productividad regional en el área de manufactura y mejora de la vida de las personas.

Published
2022

14. Computational Drug Repositioning for Chagas Disease Using Protein-Ligand Interaction Profiling

Author

Juárez-Saldivar, Alfredo, primary, Schroeder, Michael, additional, Salentin, Sebastian, additional, Haupt, V. Joachim, additional, Saavedra, Emma, additional, Vázquez, Citlali, additional, Reyes-Espinosa, Francisco, additional, Herrera-Mayorga, Verónica, additional, Villalobos-Rocha, Juan Carlos, additional, García-Pérez, Carlos A., additional, Campillo, Nuria E., additional, and Rivera, Gildardo, additional

Published
2020
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15. Analysis of the safety compartment material of a light vehicle by multi-criteria method

Author

Chamba, Edwin, Llanes, Edilberto, Cardenas, Andres, Vega, William, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Chamba, Edwin, Llanes, Edilberto, Cardenas, Andres, Vega, William, and Rocha, Juan Carlos

Abstract

There is a wide variety of materials with various properties available for designers to meet different design requirements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of the relevant materials available in Ecuador through the multicriteria meth-od such as: Proportional complex evaluation (COP-RAS), Technique for the order of preference for similarity to real solution (TOPSIS), Optimization multi-disciplinary and compromise solution (VIKOR), in order to indicate which material would be a potential substitute for the original. It was concluded that 1045 steel is the best choice as a substitute for a safety compartment compared the base line the Aluminum-Magnesium alloy, considering that, despite being a light material, has low resistance to impact forces., Existe una gran variedad de materiales disponibles que cuentan con diversas propiedades para que los diseñadores satisfagan los diferentes requerimientos de diseño. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades de los materiales relevantes disponible en el Ecuador a través de la aplicación del método de criterios como son: evaluación compleja proporcional (COPRAS), técnica para el orden de preferencia por similitud a solución real (TOPSIS), optimización multidisciplinar y solución de compromiso (VIKOR), con el fin de indicar cuál material sería un potencial sustituto del original. Se concluye que el acero 1045 es la mejor opción como sustituto para un habitáculo de seguridad, mientras que la aleación Aluminio-Magnesio, a pesar de ser un material ligero posee baja resistencia a las fuerzas de impacto.

Published
2020

16. Computational drug repositioning for chagas disease using protein-ligand interaction profiling

Author

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Juárez-Saldivar, Alfredo, Schroeder, Michael, Salentin, Sebastian, Haupt, V. Joachim, Saavedra, Emma, Vázquez, Citlali, Reyes-Espinosa, Francisco, Herrera-Mayorga, Verónica, Villalobos-Rocha, Juan Carlos, García-Pérez, Carlos A., Campillo, Nuria E., Rivera, Gildardo, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Juárez-Saldivar, Alfredo, Schroeder, Michael, Salentin, Sebastian, Haupt, V. Joachim, Saavedra, Emma, Vázquez, Citlali, Reyes-Espinosa, Francisco, Herrera-Mayorga, Verónica, Villalobos-Rocha, Juan Carlos, García-Pérez, Carlos A., Campillo, Nuria E., and Rivera, Gildardo

Abstract

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), affects nearly eight million people worldwide. There are currently only limited treatment options, which cause several side effects and have drug resistance. Thus, there is a great need for a novel, improved Chagas treatment. Bifunctional enzyme dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) has emerged as a promising pharmacological target. Moreover, some human dihydrofolate reductase (HsDHFR) inhibitors such as trimetrexate also inhibit T. cruzi DHFR-TS (TcDHFR-TS). These compounds serve as a starting point and a reference in a screening campaign to search for new TcDHFR-TS inhibitors. In this paper, a novel virtual screening approach was developed that combines classical docking with protein-ligand interaction profiling to identify drug repositioning opportunities against T. cruzi infection. In this approach, some food and drug administration (FDA)-approved drugs that were predicted to bind with high affinity to TcDHFR-TS and whose predicted molecular interactions are conserved among known inhibitors were selected. Overall, ten putative TcDHFR-TS inhibitors were identified. These exhibited a similar interaction profile and a higher computed binding affinity, compared to trimetrexate. Nilotinib, glipizide, glyburide and gliquidone were tested on T. cruzi epimastigotes and showed growth inhibitory activity in the micromolar range. Therefore, these compounds could lead to the development of new treatment options for Chagas disease.

Published
2020

17. Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable

Author

Kehoe, Laura, Reis, Tiago, Virah-Sawmy, Malika, Balmford, Andrew, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Knohl, Alexander, Antonelli, Alexandre, Hochkirch, Axel, Vira, Bhaskar, Massa, Bruno, Peres, Carlos A., Ammer, Christian, Goerg, Christoph, Schneider, Christoph, Curtis, David, de la Pena, Eduardo, Tello, Enric, Sperfeld, Erik, Corbera, Esteve, Morelli, Federico, Valladares, Fernando, Peterson, Garry, Hide, Geoff, Mace, Georgina, Kallis, Giorgos, Olsson, Gunilla Almered, Brumelis, Guntis, Alexanderson, Helena, Haberl, Helmut, Nuissl, Henning, Kreft, Holger, Ghazoul, Jaboury, Piotrowski, Jan A., Macdiarmid, Jennie, Newig, Jens, Fischer, Joern, Altringham, John, Gledhill, John, Nielsen, Jonas O., Mueller, Joerg, Palmeirim, Jorge, Barlow, Jos, Alonso, Juan C., Presa Asencio, Juan Jose, Steinberger, Julia K., Jones, Julia Patricia Gordon, Cabral, Juliano Sarmento, Dengler, Juergen, Stibral, Karel, Erb, Karlheinz, Rothhaupt, Karl-Otto, Wiegand, Kerstin, Cassar, Louis F., Lens, Luc, Rosalino, Luis Miguel, Wassen, M. J., Stenseke, Marie, Fischer-Kowalski, Marina, Diaz, Mario, Rounsevell, Mark, van Kleunen, Mark, Junginger, Martin, Kaltenpoth, Martin, Zobel, Martin, Weigend, Maximilian, Partel, Meelis, Schilthuizen, Menno, Bastos Araujo, Miguel, Haklay, Muki, Eisenhauer, Nico, Selva, Nuria, Mertz, Ole, Meyfroidt, Patrick, Borges, Paulo A. V., Kovar, Pavel, Smith, Pete, Verburg, Peter, Pysek, Petr, Seppelt, Ralf, Valentini, Riccardo, Whittaker, Robert J., Henrique Faria, Sergio, Ulgiati, Sergio, Loetters, Stefan, Bjorck, Svante, Larson, Sven Ake, Tscharntke, Teja, Domingos, Tiago, Krueger, Tobias, Pascual, Unai, Olsson, Urban, Kati, Vassiliki, Winiwarter, Verena, Reyes-Garcia, Victoria, Vajda, Vivi, Sutherland, William J., de Waroux, Yann le Polain, Buckley, Yvonne, Rammig, Anja, Kasimir, Asa, Crona, Beatrice, Sindicic, Magda, Persson, Martin, Lapka, Miloslav, Di Gregorio, Monica, Hahn, Thomas, Boonstra, Wiebren, Lipsky, Zdenek, Zucaro, A., Roeder, Achim, Lopez Baucells, Adria, Danet, Alain, Franco, Aldina, Nieto Roman, Alejandra, Lehikoinen, Aleksi, Collalti, Alessio, Keller, Alexander, Strugariu, Alexandru, Perrigo, Allison, Fernandez-Llamazares, Alvaro, Salaseviciene, Alvija, Hinsley, Amy, Santos, Ana M. C., Novoa, Ana, Rodrigues, Ana, Mascarenhas, Andre, Martins, Andrea Damacena, Holzschuh, Andrea, Meseguer, Andrea S., Hadjichambis, Andreas, Mayer, Andreas, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Ringsmuth, Andrew, de Frutos, Angel, Stein, Anke, Heikkinen, Anna, Smith, Annabel, Bjoersne, Anna-Karin, Bagneres, Anne-Genevieve, Machordom, Annie, Kristin, Anton, Ghoddousi, Arash, Staal, Arie, Martin, Arnaud, Taylor, Astrid, Borrell, Asuncion, Marescaux, Audrey, Torres, Aurora, Helm, Aveliina, Bauer, Barbara, Smetschka, Barbara, Rodriguez-Labajos, Beatriz, Peco, Begona, Gambin, Belinda, Celine, Bellard, Phalan, Ben, Cotta, Benedetta, Rugani, Benedetto, Jarcuska, Benjamin, Leroy, Boris, Nikolov, Boris Petrov, Milchev, Boyan Petrov, Brown, Calum, Ritter, Camila Duarte, Gomes, Carmen Bessa, Meyer, Carsten, Munteanu, Catalina, Penone, Caterina, Friis, Cecilie, Teplitsky, Celine, Roemer, Charlotte, Orland, Chloe, Voigt, Christian C., Levers, Christian, Zang, Christian, Bacon, Christine D., Meyer, Christoph, Wordley, Claire, Grilo, Clara, Cattaneo, Claudio, Battisti, Corrado, Banks-Leite, Cristina, Zurell, Damaris, Challender, Dan, Mueller, Daniel, Matenaar, Daniela, Silvestro, Daniele, McKay, David Armstrong, Buckley, David, Frantz, David, Gremillet, David, Mateos, David Moreno, Sanchez-Fernandez, David, Vieites, David, Ascoli, Davide, Arlt, Debora, Louis, Deharveng, Zemp, Delphine Clara, Strubbe, Diederik, Gil, Diego, Llusia, Diego, Bennett, Dominic J., Chobanov, Dragan Petrov, Aguilera, Eduardo, Oliveira, Eduardo, Pynegar, Edwin L., Granda, Elena, Grieco, Elisa, Conrad, Elisabeth, Revilla, Eloy, Lindkvist, Emilie, Caprio, Enrico, zu Ermgassen, Erasmus, Berenguer, Erika, Ochu, Erinma, Polaina, Ester, Nuernberger, Fabian, Esculier, Fabien, de Castro, Fabio, Albanito, Fabrizio, Langerwisch, Fanny, Batsleer, Femke, Ascensao, Fernando, Moyano, Fernando Esteban, Sayol, Ferran, Buzzetti, Filippo Maria, Eiro, Flavio, Volaire, Florence, Gollnow, Florian, Menzel, Florian, Pilo, Francesca, Moreira, Francisco, Briens, Francois, Essl, Franz, Vlahos, George, Billen, Gilles, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Wong, Grace, Gruychev, Gradimir Valentinov, Fandos, Guillermo, Petter, Gunnar, Sinare, Hanna, Mumby, Hannah S., Cottyn, Hanne, Seebens, Hanno, Bjorklund, Heidi, Schroeder, Heike, Lopez Hernandez, Heriberto D., Rebelo, Hugo, Chenet, Hugues, De la Riva, Ignacio, Torre, Ignasi, Aalders, Inge, Grass, Ingo, Chuine, Isabelle, Goepel, Jan, Wieringa, Jan J., Engler, Jan O., Pergl, Jan, Schnitzler, Jan, Vavra, Jan, Medvedovic, Jasna, Cabello, Javier, Martin, Jean-Louis, Mutke, Jens, Lewis, Jerome, da Silva, Jessica Fonseca, Marull, Joan, Carvalho, Joana, Carnicer, Jofre, Enqvist, Johan, Simaika, John P., Noguera, Jose C., Blanco Moreno, Jose M., Bruna, Josef, Garnier, Josette, Fargallo, Juan A., Rocha, Juan Carlos, Carrillo, Juan D., Infante-Amate, Juan, Traba Diaz, Juan, Schleicher, Judith, Simon, Judy, Noe, Julia Le, Gerlach, Justin, Eriksson, K. Martin, Prince, Karine, Ostapowicz, Katarzyna, Stajerova, Katerina, Farrell, Katharine N., Snell, Katherine, Yates, Katherine, Fleischer, Katrin, Darras, Kevin, Schumacher, Kim, Orach, Kirill, Thonicke, Kirsten, Riede, Klaus, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Wang-Erlandsson, Lan, Pereira, Laura, Riggi, Laura, Florez, Laura V., Emperaire, Laure, Durieux, Laurent, Tatin, Laurent, Rozylowicz, Laurentiu, Latella, Leonardo, Andresen, Louise C., Cahen-Fourot, Louison, de Agua, Luis Borda, Boto, Luis, Lassaletta, Luis, Amo, Luisa, Sekerka, Lukas, Morales, Manuel B., Macia, Manuel J., Suarez, Manuela Gonzalez, Cabeza, Mar, Londo, Marc, Pollet, Marc, Schwieder, Marcel, Peters, Marcell K., D'Amico, Marcello, Casazza, Marco, Florencio, Margarita, Felipe-Lucia, Maria, Gebara, Maria Fernanda, Johansson, Maria, Garcia, Maria Mancilla, Piquer-Rodriguez, Maria, Tengo, Maria, Elias, Marianne, Leve, Marine, Conde, Marta, Winter, Marten, Koster, Martijn, Mayer, Martin, Salek, Martin, Schlerf, Martin, Sullivan, Martin, Baumann, Matthias, Pichler, Melanie, Marselle, Melissa, Oddie, Melissa, Razanajatovo, Mialy, Borregaard, Michael Krabbe, Theurl, Michaela C., Hernandez, Miguel, Krofel, Miha, Kechev, Mihail Ognianov, Clark, Mike, Rands, Mike, Antal, Miklos, Pucetaite, Milda, Islar, Mine, Truong, Minh-Xuan A., Vighi, Morgana, Johanisova, Nadia, Prat, Narcis, Escobar, Neus, Deguines, Nicolas, Rust, Niki, Zafra-Calvo, Noelia, Maurel, Noelie, Wagner, Norman, Fitton, Nuala, Ostermann, Ole, Panferov, Oleg, Ange, Olivia, Canals, Oriol, Englund, Oskar, De Smedt, Pallieter, Petridis, Panos, Heikkurinen, Pasi, Weigelt, Patrick, Henriksson, Patrik J. G., de Castro, Paula Drummond, Matos-Maravi, Pavel, Duran, Paz, Aragon, Pedro, Cardoso, Pedro, Leitao, Pedro J., Hosner, Peter A., Biedermann, Peter, Keil, Petr, Petrik, Petr, Martin, Philip, Bocquillon, Pierre, Renaud, Pierre-Cyril, Addison, Prue, Antwis, Rachael, Carmenta, Rachel, Barrientos, Rafael, Smith, Rebecca, Rocha, Ricardo, Fuchs, Richard, Felix, Rob, Kanka, Robert, Aguilee, Robin, Padro Caminal, Roc, Libbrecht, Romain, Lorrilliere, Romain, van der Ent, Ruud J., Henders, Sabine, Pueyo, Salvador, Roturier, Samuel, Jacobs, Sander, Lavorel, Sandra, Leonhardt, Sara Diana, Fraixedas, Sara, Villen-Perez, Sara, Cornell, Sarah, Redlich, Sarah, De Smedt, Sebastian, van der Linden, Sebastian, Perez-Ortega, Sergio, Petrovan, Silviu, Cesarz, Simone, Sjoberg, Sissel, Caillon, Sophie, Schindler, Stefan, Trogisch, Stefan, Taiti, Stefano, Oppel, Steffen, Lutter, Stephan, Garnett, Tara, Guedes, Thais, Wanger, Thomas Cherico, Kastner, Thomas, Worthington, Thomas, Daw, Tim, Schmoll, Tim, McPhearson, Timon, Engl, Tobias, Rutting, Tobias, Vaclavik, Tomas, Jucker, Tommaso, Robillard, Tony, Krause, Torsten, Ljubomirov, Toshko, Aavik, Tsipe, Richardson, Vanessa A., Masterson, Vanessa Anne, Seufert, Verena, Cathy, Vet Gibault, Colino Rabanal, Victor, Montade, Vincent, Thieu, Vincent, Sober, Virve, Morin, Xavier, Mehrabi, Zia, Gonzalez, Adriana Trompetero, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Christie, Alec Philip, Romero-Munoz, Alfredo, Dauriach, Alice, Queiroz, Allan Souza, Golland, Ami, Evans, Amy Louise, Cordero, Ana Maria Araujo, Dara, Andrey, Rilovic, Andro, Pedersen, Anna Frohn, Csergo, Anna Maria, Lewerentz, Anne, Monserand, Antoine, Valdecasas, Antonio G., Doherty, Anya, Semper-Pascual, Asuncion, Bleyhl, Benjamin, Rutschmann, Benjamin, Bongalov, Boris, Hankerson, Brett, Heylen, Brigitte, Alonso-Alvarez, Carlos, Comandulli, Carolina, Frossard, Carolina M., Mckeon, Caroline, Godde, Cecile, Palm, Celinda, Singh, Chandrakant, Sieger, Charlotte Sophie, Ohrling, Christian, Paitan, Claudia Parra, Cooper, Conor, Edler, Daniel, Roessler, Daniela C., Kessner-Beierlein, Daniela, Garcia del Amo, David, Lopez Bosch, David, Gueldner, Dino, Noll, Domink, Motivans, Elena, Canteri, Elisabetta, Garnett, Emma, Malecore, Eva, Brambach, Fabian, Ruedenauer, Fabian, Yin, Fang, Hurtado, Fernando, Mempel, Finn, de Freitas, Flavio Luiz Mazzaro, Pendrill, Florence, Leijten, Floris, Somma, Francesca, Schug, Franz, De Knijf, Geert, Peterson, Gustaf, Pe'er, Guy, Booth, Hollie, Rhee, Howon, Staude, Ingmar, Gherghel, Iulian, Vila Traver, Jaime, Kerner, Janika, Hinton, Jennifer, Hortal, Joaquin, Persson, Joel, Uddling, Johan, Coenen, Johanna, Geldmann, Jonas, Geschke, Jonas, Juergensen, Jonathan, Lobo, Jorge M., Skejo, Josip, Heinen, Julia Helena, Schuenzel, Julia, Daniel-Ferreira, Juliana, Christophe Piquet, Julien, Murtough, Katie L., Prevel, Leonie, Hissa, Leticia B. V., af Segerstad, Louise Hard, Willemse, Luc, Benavides, Lucia, Sovova, Lucie, Figueiredo, Ludmilla, Leidinger, Ludwig, Piemontese, Luigi, da Fonte, Luis Fernando Marin, Moreta, Lys Sanz, Bhan, Manan, Toledo-Hernandez, Manuel, Engert, Manuela, Davoli, Marco, Mas Navarro, Maria, Voigt, Maria, Zirion, Maria, Wandl, Marie-Theres, Kipson, Marina, Johnson, Mark D., Lukic, Marko, Goula, Marta, Jung, Martin, Nunes, Matheus Henrique, Alvarez, Matheus Rodriguez, van den Burg, Matthijs P., Guerrero, Mayra Daniela Pena, Greenfield, Michael, Lobmann, Michael, Nygren, Michelle, Guth, Miriam Karen, Koh, Niak, Stanek, Nicola, Roux, Nicolas, Karagouni, Niki, Tiralla, Nina, Mairota, Paola, Savaget, Paulo, von Doehren, Peer, Benyei, Petra, Lena, Philippe, Rufin, Philippe, Janke, Rebekka, Santagata, Remo, Motta, Renzo, Battiston, Roberto, Oyanedel, Rodrigo, Bernardo-Madrid, Ruben, Vasconcelos, Sasha, Henriques, Sergio, Bager, Simon L., Qin, Siyu, Ivkovic, Slobodan, Cooke, Sophia, Ernst, Stefan, Schmelzer, Stefan, da Silva, Sven, Faberova, Tamara, Enseroth, Tanja, De Marzo, Teresa, Pienkowski, Thomas, Engel, Thore, Boehnert, Tim, Swinfield, Tom, Kurdikova, Vendula, Chvatalova, Veronika, Lopez-Marquez, Violeta, Arlidge, William, Zhang, Zhijie, Kehoe, Laura, Reis, Tiago, Virah-Sawmy, Malika, Balmford, Andrew, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Knohl, Alexander, Antonelli, Alexandre, Hochkirch, Axel, Vira, Bhaskar, Massa, Bruno, Peres, Carlos A., Ammer, Christian, Goerg, Christoph, Schneider, Christoph, Curtis, David, de la Pena, Eduardo, Tello, Enric, Sperfeld, Erik, Corbera, Esteve, Morelli, Federico, Valladares, Fernando, Peterson, Garry, Hide, Geoff, Mace, Georgina, Kallis, Giorgos, Olsson, Gunilla Almered, Brumelis, Guntis, Alexanderson, Helena, Haberl, Helmut, Nuissl, Henning, Kreft, Holger, Ghazoul, Jaboury, Piotrowski, Jan A., Macdiarmid, Jennie, Newig, Jens, Fischer, Joern, Altringham, John, Gledhill, John, Nielsen, Jonas O., Mueller, Joerg, Palmeirim, Jorge, Barlow, Jos, Alonso, Juan C., Presa Asencio, Juan Jose, Steinberger, Julia K., Jones, Julia Patricia Gordon, Cabral, Juliano Sarmento, Dengler, Juergen, Stibral, Karel, Erb, Karlheinz, Rothhaupt, Karl-Otto, Wiegand, Kerstin, Cassar, Louis F., Lens, Luc, Rosalino, Luis Miguel, Wassen, M. J., Stenseke, Marie, Fischer-Kowalski, Marina, Diaz, Mario, Rounsevell, Mark, van Kleunen, Mark, Junginger, Martin, Kaltenpoth, Martin, Zobel, Martin, Weigend, Maximilian, Partel, Meelis, Schilthuizen, Menno, Bastos Araujo, Miguel, Haklay, Muki, Eisenhauer, Nico, Selva, Nuria, Mertz, Ole, Meyfroidt, Patrick, Borges, Paulo A. V., Kovar, Pavel, Smith, Pete, Verburg, Peter, Pysek, Petr, Seppelt, Ralf, Valentini, Riccardo, Whittaker, Robert J., Henrique Faria, Sergio, Ulgiati, Sergio, Loetters, Stefan, Bjorck, Svante, Larson, Sven Ake, Tscharntke, Teja, Domingos, Tiago, Krueger, Tobias, Pascual, Unai, Olsson, Urban, Kati, Vassiliki, Winiwarter, Verena, Reyes-Garcia, Victoria, Vajda, Vivi, Sutherland, William J., de Waroux, Yann le Polain, Buckley, Yvonne, Rammig, Anja, Kasimir, Asa, Crona, Beatrice, Sindicic, Magda, Persson, Martin, Lapka, Miloslav, Di Gregorio, Monica, Hahn, Thomas, Boonstra, Wiebren, Lipsky, Zdenek, Zucaro, A., Roeder, Achim, Lopez Baucells, Adria, Danet, Alain, Franco, Aldina, Nieto Roman, Alejandra, Lehikoinen, Aleksi, Collalti, Alessio, Keller, Alexander, Strugariu, Alexandru, Perrigo, Allison, Fernandez-Llamazares, Alvaro, Salaseviciene, Alvija, Hinsley, Amy, Santos, Ana M. C., Novoa, Ana, Rodrigues, Ana, Mascarenhas, Andre, Martins, Andrea Damacena, Holzschuh, Andrea, Meseguer, Andrea S., Hadjichambis, Andreas, Mayer, Andreas, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Ringsmuth, Andrew, de Frutos, Angel, Stein, Anke, Heikkinen, Anna, Smith, Annabel, Bjoersne, Anna-Karin, Bagneres, Anne-Genevieve, Machordom, Annie, Kristin, Anton, Ghoddousi, Arash, Staal, Arie, Martin, Arnaud, Taylor, Astrid, Borrell, Asuncion, Marescaux, Audrey, Torres, Aurora, Helm, Aveliina, Bauer, Barbara, Smetschka, Barbara, Rodriguez-Labajos, Beatriz, Peco, Begona, Gambin, Belinda, Celine, Bellard, Phalan, Ben, Cotta, Benedetta, Rugani, Benedetto, Jarcuska, Benjamin, Leroy, Boris, Nikolov, Boris Petrov, Milchev, Boyan Petrov, Brown, Calum, Ritter, Camila Duarte, Gomes, Carmen Bessa, Meyer, Carsten, Munteanu, Catalina, Penone, Caterina, Friis, Cecilie, Teplitsky, Celine, Roemer, Charlotte, Orland, Chloe, Voigt, Christian C., Levers, Christian, Zang, Christian, Bacon, Christine D., Meyer, Christoph, Wordley, Claire, Grilo, Clara, Cattaneo, Claudio, Battisti, Corrado, Banks-Leite, Cristina, Zurell, Damaris, Challender, Dan, Mueller, Daniel, Matenaar, Daniela, Silvestro, Daniele, McKay, David Armstrong, Buckley, David, Frantz, David, Gremillet, David, Mateos, David Moreno, Sanchez-Fernandez, David, Vieites, David, Ascoli, Davide, Arlt, Debora, Louis, Deharveng, Zemp, Delphine Clara, Strubbe, Diederik, Gil, Diego, Llusia, Diego, Bennett, Dominic J., Chobanov, Dragan Petrov, Aguilera, Eduardo, Oliveira, Eduardo, Pynegar, Edwin L., Granda, Elena, Grieco, Elisa, Conrad, Elisabeth, Revilla, Eloy, Lindkvist, Emilie, Caprio, Enrico, zu Ermgassen, Erasmus, Berenguer, Erika, Ochu, Erinma, Polaina, Ester, Nuernberger, Fabian, Esculier, Fabien, de Castro, Fabio, Albanito, Fabrizio, Langerwisch, Fanny, Batsleer, Femke, Ascensao, Fernando, Moyano, Fernando Esteban, Sayol, Ferran, Buzzetti, Filippo Maria, Eiro, Flavio, Volaire, Florence, Gollnow, Florian, Menzel, Florian, Pilo, Francesca, Moreira, Francisco, Briens, Francois, Essl, Franz, Vlahos, George, Billen, Gilles, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Wong, Grace, Gruychev, Gradimir Valentinov, Fandos, Guillermo, Petter, Gunnar, Sinare, Hanna, Mumby, Hannah S., Cottyn, Hanne, Seebens, Hanno, Bjorklund, Heidi, Schroeder, Heike, Lopez Hernandez, Heriberto D., Rebelo, Hugo, Chenet, Hugues, De la Riva, Ignacio, Torre, Ignasi, Aalders, Inge, Grass, Ingo, Chuine, Isabelle, Goepel, Jan, Wieringa, Jan J., Engler, Jan O., Pergl, Jan, Schnitzler, Jan, Vavra, Jan, Medvedovic, Jasna, Cabello, Javier, Martin, Jean-Louis, Mutke, Jens, Lewis, Jerome, da Silva, Jessica Fonseca, Marull, Joan, Carvalho, Joana, Carnicer, Jofre, Enqvist, Johan, Simaika, John P., Noguera, Jose C., Blanco Moreno, Jose M., Bruna, Josef, Garnier, Josette, Fargallo, Juan A., Rocha, Juan Carlos, Carrillo, Juan D., Infante-Amate, Juan, Traba Diaz, Juan, Schleicher, Judith, Simon, Judy, Noe, Julia Le, Gerlach, Justin, Eriksson, K. Martin, Prince, Karine, Ostapowicz, Katarzyna, Stajerova, Katerina, Farrell, Katharine N., Snell, Katherine, Yates, Katherine, Fleischer, Katrin, Darras, Kevin, Schumacher, Kim, Orach, Kirill, Thonicke, Kirsten, Riede, Klaus, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Wang-Erlandsson, Lan, Pereira, Laura, Riggi, Laura, Florez, Laura V., Emperaire, Laure, Durieux, Laurent, Tatin, Laurent, Rozylowicz, Laurentiu, Latella, Leonardo, Andresen, Louise C., Cahen-Fourot, Louison, de Agua, Luis Borda, Boto, Luis, Lassaletta, Luis, Amo, Luisa, Sekerka, Lukas, Morales, Manuel B., Macia, Manuel J., Suarez, Manuela Gonzalez, Cabeza, Mar, Londo, Marc, Pollet, Marc, Schwieder, Marcel, Peters, Marcell K., D'Amico, Marcello, Casazza, Marco, Florencio, Margarita, Felipe-Lucia, Maria, Gebara, Maria Fernanda, Johansson, Maria, Garcia, Maria Mancilla, Piquer-Rodriguez, Maria, Tengo, Maria, Elias, Marianne, Leve, Marine, Conde, Marta, Winter, Marten, Koster, Martijn, Mayer, Martin, Salek, Martin, Schlerf, Martin, Sullivan, Martin, Baumann, Matthias, Pichler, Melanie, Marselle, Melissa, Oddie, Melissa, Razanajatovo, Mialy, Borregaard, Michael Krabbe, Theurl, Michaela C., Hernandez, Miguel, Krofel, Miha, Kechev, Mihail Ognianov, Clark, Mike, Rands, Mike, Antal, Miklos, Pucetaite, Milda, Islar, Mine, Truong, Minh-Xuan A., Vighi, Morgana, Johanisova, Nadia, Prat, Narcis, Escobar, Neus, Deguines, Nicolas, Rust, Niki, Zafra-Calvo, Noelia, Maurel, Noelie, Wagner, Norman, Fitton, Nuala, Ostermann, Ole, Panferov, Oleg, Ange, Olivia, Canals, Oriol, Englund, Oskar, De Smedt, Pallieter, Petridis, Panos, Heikkurinen, Pasi, Weigelt, Patrick, Henriksson, Patrik J. G., de Castro, Paula Drummond, Matos-Maravi, Pavel, Duran, Paz, Aragon, Pedro, Cardoso, Pedro, Leitao, Pedro J., Hosner, Peter A., Biedermann, Peter, Keil, Petr, Petrik, Petr, Martin, Philip, Bocquillon, Pierre, Renaud, Pierre-Cyril, Addison, Prue, Antwis, Rachael, Carmenta, Rachel, Barrientos, Rafael, Smith, Rebecca, Rocha, Ricardo, Fuchs, Richard, Felix, Rob, Kanka, Robert, Aguilee, Robin, Padro Caminal, Roc, Libbrecht, Romain, Lorrilliere, Romain, van der Ent, Ruud J., Henders, Sabine, Pueyo, Salvador, Roturier, Samuel, Jacobs, Sander, Lavorel, Sandra, Leonhardt, Sara Diana, Fraixedas, Sara, Villen-Perez, Sara, Cornell, Sarah, Redlich, Sarah, De Smedt, Sebastian, van der Linden, Sebastian, Perez-Ortega, Sergio, Petrovan, Silviu, Cesarz, Simone, Sjoberg, Sissel, Caillon, Sophie, Schindler, Stefan, Trogisch, Stefan, Taiti, Stefano, Oppel, Steffen, Lutter, Stephan, Garnett, Tara, Guedes, Thais, Wanger, Thomas Cherico, Kastner, Thomas, Worthington, Thomas, Daw, Tim, Schmoll, Tim, McPhearson, Timon, Engl, Tobias, Rutting, Tobias, Vaclavik, Tomas, Jucker, Tommaso, Robillard, Tony, Krause, Torsten, Ljubomirov, Toshko, Aavik, Tsipe, Richardson, Vanessa A., Masterson, Vanessa Anne, Seufert, Verena, Cathy, Vet Gibault, Colino Rabanal, Victor, Montade, Vincent, Thieu, Vincent, Sober, Virve, Morin, Xavier, Mehrabi, Zia, Gonzalez, Adriana Trompetero, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Christie, Alec Philip, Romero-Munoz, Alfredo, Dauriach, Alice, Queiroz, Allan Souza, Golland, Ami, Evans, Amy Louise, Cordero, Ana Maria Araujo, Dara, Andrey, Rilovic, Andro, Pedersen, Anna Frohn, Csergo, Anna Maria, Lewerentz, Anne, Monserand, Antoine, Valdecasas, Antonio G., Doherty, Anya, Semper-Pascual, Asuncion, Bleyhl, Benjamin, Rutschmann, Benjamin, Bongalov, Boris, Hankerson, Brett, Heylen, Brigitte, Alonso-Alvarez, Carlos, Comandulli, Carolina, Frossard, Carolina M., Mckeon, Caroline, Godde, Cecile, Palm, Celinda, Singh, Chandrakant, Sieger, Charlotte Sophie, Ohrling, Christian, Paitan, Claudia Parra, Cooper, Conor, Edler, Daniel, Roessler, Daniela C., Kessner-Beierlein, Daniela, Garcia del Amo, David, Lopez Bosch, David, Gueldner, Dino, Noll, Domink, Motivans, Elena, Canteri, Elisabetta, Garnett, Emma, Malecore, Eva, Brambach, Fabian, Ruedenauer, Fabian, Yin, Fang, Hurtado, Fernando, Mempel, Finn, de Freitas, Flavio Luiz Mazzaro, Pendrill, Florence, Leijten, Floris, Somma, Francesca, Schug, Franz, De Knijf, Geert, Peterson, Gustaf, Pe'er, Guy, Booth, Hollie, Rhee, Howon, Staude, Ingmar, Gherghel, Iulian, Vila Traver, Jaime, Kerner, Janika, Hinton, Jennifer, Hortal, Joaquin, Persson, Joel, Uddling, Johan, Coenen, Johanna, Geldmann, Jonas, Geschke, Jonas, Juergensen, Jonathan, Lobo, Jorge M., Skejo, Josip, Heinen, Julia Helena, Schuenzel, Julia, Daniel-Ferreira, Juliana, Christophe Piquet, Julien, Murtough, Katie L., Prevel, Leonie, Hissa, Leticia B. V., af Segerstad, Louise Hard, Willemse, Luc, Benavides, Lucia, Sovova, Lucie, Figueiredo, Ludmilla, Leidinger, Ludwig, Piemontese, Luigi, da Fonte, Luis Fernando Marin, Moreta, Lys Sanz, Bhan, Manan, Toledo-Hernandez, Manuel, Engert, Manuela, Davoli, Marco, Mas Navarro, Maria, Voigt, Maria, Zirion, Maria, Wandl, Marie-Theres, Kipson, Marina, Johnson, Mark D., Lukic, Marko, Goula, Marta, Jung, Martin, Nunes, Matheus Henrique, Alvarez, Matheus Rodriguez, van den Burg, Matthijs P., Guerrero, Mayra Daniela Pena, Greenfield, Michael, Lobmann, Michael, Nygren, Michelle, Guth, Miriam Karen, Koh, Niak, Stanek, Nicola, Roux, Nicolas, Karagouni, Niki, Tiralla, Nina, Mairota, Paola, Savaget, Paulo, von Doehren, Peer, Benyei, Petra, Lena, Philippe, Rufin, Philippe, Janke, Rebekka, Santagata, Remo, Motta, Renzo, Battiston, Roberto, Oyanedel, Rodrigo, Bernardo-Madrid, Ruben, Vasconcelos, Sasha, Henriques, Sergio, Bager, Simon L., Qin, Siyu, Ivkovic, Slobodan, Cooke, Sophia, Ernst, Stefan, Schmelzer, Stefan, da Silva, Sven, Faberova, Tamara, Enseroth, Tanja, De Marzo, Teresa, Pienkowski, Thomas, Engel, Thore, Boehnert, Tim, Swinfield, Tom, Kurdikova, Vendula, Chvatalova, Veronika, Lopez-Marquez, Violeta, Arlidge, William, and Zhang, Zhijie

Published
2019
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18. Esters of quinoxaline-7-carboxylate-1,4-di-N-oxide as Trichomonas vaginalistriosephosphate isomerase inhibitors

Author

Palos, Isidro, Moo-Puc, Rosa, Vique-Sánchez, José Luis, Benítez-Cardoza, Claudia G., Monge, Antonio, Villalobos-Rocha, Juan Carlos, Paz-Gonzalez, Alma D., and Rivera, Gildardo

Abstract

Trichomoniasis is a public health problem worldwide. Trichomoniasis treatment consists of the use of nitroimidazole derivatives; however, therapeutic ineffectiveness occurs in 5 to 20 % of the cases. Therefore, it is essential to propose new pharmacological agents against this disease. In this work, esters of quinoxaline-7-carboxylate-1,4-di-N-oxide (EQX-NO) were evaluated in in vitroassays as novel trichomonicidal agents. Additionally, an in vitroenzyme assay and molecular docking analysis against triosephosphate isomerase of Trichomonas vaginalisto confirm their mechanism of action were performed. Ethyl (compound 12) and n-propyl (compound 37) esters of quinoxaline-7-carboxy-late-1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives showed trichomonicidal activity comparable to nitazoxanide, whereas five methyl (compounds 5, 15, 19, 20and 22), four isopropyl (compounds 28, 29, 30and 34), three ethyl (compounds 4, 13and 23) and one npropyl (compound 35) ester derivatives displayed activity comparable to albendazole. Compounds 6and 20decreased 100 % of the enzyme activity of recombinant protein triosephosphate isomerase.

Published
2021
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21. Defining tipping points for social-ecological systems scholarship-an interdisciplinary literature review

Author

Milkoreit, Manjana, Hodbod, Jennifer, Baggio, Jacopo, Benessaiah, Karina, Calderón-Contreras, Rafael, Donges, Jonathan F., Mathias, Jean-Denis, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Schoon, Michael, Werners, Saskia E., Milkoreit, Manjana, Hodbod, Jennifer, Baggio, Jacopo, Benessaiah, Karina, Calderón-Contreras, Rafael, Donges, Jonathan F., Mathias, Jean-Denis, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Schoon, Michael, and Werners, Saskia E.

Abstract

The term tipping point has experienced explosive popularity across multiple disciplines over the last decade. Research on social-ecological systems (SES) has contributed to the growth and diversity of the term's use. The diverse uses of the term obscure potential differences between tipping behavior in natural and social systems, and issues of causality across natural and social system components in SES. This paper aims to create the foundation for a discussion within the SES research community about the appropriate use of the term tipping point, especially the relatively novel term 'social tipping point.' We review existing literature on tipping points and similar concepts (e.g. regime shifts, critical transitions) across all spheres of science published between 1960 and 2016 with a special focus on a recent and still small body of work on social tipping points. We combine quantitative and qualitative analyses in a bibliometric approach, rooted in an expert elicitation process. We find that the term tipping point became popular after the year 2000-long after the terms regime shift and critical transition-across all spheres of science. We identify 23 distinct features of tipping point definitions and their prevalence across disciplines, but find no clear taxonomy of discipline-specific definitions. Building on the most frequently used features, we propose definitions for tipping points in general and social tipping points in SES in particular.

Published
2018
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23. Regime Shifts in the Anthropocene

Author

Rocha, Juan Carlos

Subjects
Ekologi, regime shifts, critical transitions, Ecology, drivers, ecosystems, impacts, ecosystem services, Miljövetenskap, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Abrupt and persistent reconfiguration of ecosystem’s structure and function has been observed on a wide variety of ecosystems worldwide. While scientist believe that such phenomena could become more common and severe in the near future, little is known about the patterns of regime shifts’ causes and consequences for human well-being. This thesis aims to assess global patterns of regime shifts in social-ecological systems. A framework for comparing regime shifts has been developed as well as a public forum for discussing knowledge about regime shifts, namely the regime shift database. The most common drivers and expected impacts on ecosystem services have been identified by studying the qualitative topology of causal networks as well as the statistical properties that explain their emergent patters. Given that long time series data for ecosystems monitoring is rather sparse, and experimenting with ecosystems at the scales required to understand their feedback dynamics is rarely an option; we also proposed an indirect computationally based method for monitoring changes in ecosystem services. I hope the results here presented offer useful guidance for managers and policy makers on how to prioritize drivers or impacts of regime shifts: one take home message is that well-understood variables are not necessary the ones where most managerial efforts need to be taken. I also hope the scientific community rigorously criticize our results, but also acknowledge that when doing theoretical or empirical work, our methods tend to ignore the multi-causal nature of regime shifts. By bringing back multi-causality to the scientific debate, I hope our results offer new avenues for hypothesis exploration and theory development on the human endeavour of understanding Nature. Transiciones críticas o cambios de régimen en ecosistemas se definen como reconfiguraciones abruptas de su estructura y función. Estos cambios, en ocasiones inesperados, se han documentado en una gran variedad de ecosistemas en todo el planeta. Algunos científicos proponen que en el futuro cercano dichos fenómenos pueden volverse más frecuentes y severos. Sin embargo, sabemos muy poco sobre las causas y consecuencias potenciales para el bienestar humano. El objetivo de esta tesis es evaluar patrones globales de cambios de régimen en sistemas socio-ecológicos. Un marco conceptual para comparar cambios de régimen y un foro público de discusión sobre el estado del arte en su conocimiento fue desarrollado en la base de datos virtual www.regimeshifts.org. Las causas más comunes y los impactos en servicios ecosistémicos más esperados han sido identificados estudiando las propiedades topológicas de redes causales, así como las propiedades estadísticas que explican sus propiedades emergentes. Dado que experimentar con ecosistemas a la escala adecuada para capturar sus mecanismos causales generalmente no es una opción, y dado que la disponibilidad de datos de largo plazo necesarios para monitorear cambios de régimen son la excepción y no la regla, proponemos un método indirecto computacional para monitorear cambios en servicios ecosistémicos. Espero que los resultados sean de utilidad para actores encargados del diseño de políticas o del manejo de ecosistemas, especialmente espero que ofrezcan una guía sobre cómo priorizar causas y consecuencias de estos cambios de régimen: una lección clave es que las variables que mejor entendemos o las que más monitoreamos no son necesariamente aquellas en las que debemos enfocar las estrategias de manejo. También espero que la comunidad científica critique con rigor nuestros resultados, pero a su vez reconozca que tanto el trabajo empírico y teórico como los métodos que comúnmente se utilizan para estudiar cambios de régimen tienden a ignorar su naturaleza multi-causal. Al enfatizar la diversidad de sus causas, espero que los resultados ofrezcan nuevas posibilidades para la exploración de hipótesis y el desarrollo de teorías para entender mejor la Naturaleza. Abrupt och ihållande omkonfigurering av ekosystems struktur och funktion har observerats i en mängd olika ekosystem världen över. Forskning visar på att dessa fenomen antas bli vanligare och allvarligare inom vår närmsta framtid. Kunskapen kring dessa s.k. regimskiften är dock bristfällig, framförallt kring dess konsekvenser för mänskligt välbefinnande. Denna avhandling syftar till att bedöma globala mönster av regimskiften. Ett ramverk för att jämföra regimskiften, samt ett offentligt forum, “the regime shifts database”, för att främja diskussion och sprida kunskap om regimskiften, har utvecklats. De mest förekommande drivkrafter och effekter på ekosystemtjänster har identifierats genom att studera kvalitativa topologiska och kausala nätverk, samt de statistiska egenskaperna som förklarar deras framväxande mönster. Då långvariga tidsserier av ekosystemövervakning är få, och då de experiment som krävs för att förstå regimskiftens återkopplingsdynamik sällan är möjliga, föreslås också en indirekt beräkningsmetod för övervakning av förändringar i ekosystemtjänster. Resultaten från denna avhandling ämnar ger värdefull vägledning för beslutsfattare om prioriteringsordningen mellan olika typer av drivkrafter och effekter av regimskiften. En viktig slutsats är att gedigen kunskap om en viss variabel inte nödvändigtvis ger området där insatser bör tillsättas. Vidare, genom att föra tillbaka multi-kausalitet till den vetenskapliga debatten, erbjuder avhandlingen nya vägar för hypotesprövning och teoriutveckling inom vår gemensamma strävan att förstå Naturen. At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.

Published
2015

24. Expression of alternative NADH dehydrogenases (NDH‐2) in the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis.

Author

Matuz‐Mares, Deyamira, Matus‐Ortega, Genaro, Cárdenas‐Monroy, Christian, Romero‐Aguilar, Lucero, Villalobos‐Rocha, Juan Carlos, Vázquez‐Meza, Héctor, Guerra‐Sánchez, Guadalupe, Peña‐Díaz, Antonio, and Pardo, Juan Pablo

Subjects
DEHYDROGENASES, PHYTOPATHOGENIC fungi, USTILAGO maydis, CORN smut disease, GENE expression, ELECTRON transport, BACTERIA
Abstract

Type 2 alternative NADH dehydrogenases (NDH‐2) participate indirectly in the generation of the electrochemical proton gradient by transferring electrons from NADH and NADPH into the ubiquinone pool. Due to their structural simplicity, alternative NADH dehydrogenases have been proposed as useful tools for gene therapy of cells with defects in the respiratory complex I. In this work, we report the presence of three open reading frames, which correspond to NDH‐2 genes in the genome of Ustilago maydis. These three genes were constitutively transcribed in cells cultured in YPD and minimal medium with glucose, ethanol, or lactate as carbon sources. Proteomic analysis showed that only two of the three NDH‐2 were associated with isolated mitochondria in all culture media. Oxygen consumption by permeabilized cells using NADH or NADPH was different for each condition, opening the possibility of posttranslational regulation. We confirmed the presence of both external and internal NADH dehydrogenases, as well as an external NADPH dehydrogenase insensitive to calcium. Higher oxygen consumption rates were observed during the exponential growth phase, suggesting that the activity of NADH and NADPH dehydrogenases is coupled to the dynamics of cell growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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25. Regime Shifts in the Anthropocene : Drivers, Risks, and Resilience

Author

Rocha, Juan Carlos, Peterson, Garry D., Biggs, Reinette, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Peterson, Garry D., and Biggs, Reinette

Abstract

Many ecosystems can experience regime shifts: surprising, large and persistent changes in the function and structure of ecosystems. Assessing whether continued global change will lead to further regime shifts, or has the potential to trigger cascading regime shifts has been a central question in global change policy. Addressing this issue has, however, been hampered by the focus of regime shift research on specific cases and types of regime shifts. To systematically assess the global risk of regime shifts we conducted a comparative analysis of 25 generic types of regime shifts across marine, terrestrial and polar systems; identifying their drivers, and impacts on ecosystem services. Our results show that the drivers of regime shifts are diverse and co-occur strongly, which suggests that continued global change can be expected to synchronously increase the risk of multiple regime shifts. Furthermore, many regime shift drivers are related to climate change and food production, whose links to the continued expansion of human activities makes them difficult to limit. Because many regime shifts can amplify the drivers of other regime shifts, continued global change can also be expected to increase the risk of cascading regime shifts. Nevertheless, the variety of scales at which regime shift drivers operate provides opportunities for reducing the risk of many types of regime shifts by addressing local or regional drivers, even in the absence of rapid reduction of global drivers.

Published
2015
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27. The domino effect : A network analysis of regime shifts drivers and causal pathways

Author

Rocha, Juan Carlos

Subjects
regime shift, drivers, Tvärvetenskapliga studier inom samhällsvetenskap, Social Sciences Interdisciplinary, network analysis, causal pathways
Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to perform an exploratory analysis of the causalinteractions among global change drivers of regime shifts. Causal loops diagrams were usedto collect a set of feedback mechanisms underlying abrupt change dynamics in 11 regimeshifts. In order to prioritize drivers and to map out possible causal pathways we used networkanalysis. Agricultural processes, global warming, biodiversity loss, demographic andeconomic drivers are the main causes of regime shifts. Based on the analysis of 400pathways, we intuitively suggest five types of cascading effects between regime shifts.Regime shifts dramatically affect the provision of ecosystem services and might underminethe achievement of the first Millennium Development Goal: reduction of hunger and poverty.

Published
2010

29. Benzoic Acid Derivatives with Trypanocidal Activity: Enzymatic Analysis and Molecular Docking Studies toward Trans-Sialidase.

Author

Kashif, Muhammad, Moreno-Herrera, Antonio, Villalobos-Rocha, Juan Carlos, Nogueda-Torres, Benjamín, Pérez-Villanueva, Jaime, Rodríguez-Villar, Karen, Medina-Franco, José Luis, de Andrade, Peterson, Carvalho, Ivone, and Rivera, Gildardo

Subjects
CHEMICAL derivatives, BENZOIC acid, CHAGAS' disease, TRYPANOSOMIASIS, PUBLIC health, NEURAMINIDASE
Abstract

Chagas, or American trypanosomiasis, remains an important public health problem in developing countries. In the last decade, trans-sialidase has become a pharmacological target for new anti-Chagas drugs. In this work, the aims were to design and find a new series of benzoic acid derivatives as trans-sialidase (TS) inhibitors and anti-trypanosomal agents. Three compounds (14, 18, and 19) sharing a para-aminobenzoic acid moiety showed more potent trypanocidal activity than the commercially available drugs nifurtimox and benznidazole in both strains: the lysis concentration of 50% of the population (LC50) was <0.15 μM on the NINOA strain, and LC50 < 0.22 μM on the INC-5 strain. Additionally, compound 18 showed a moderate inhibition (47%) on the trans-sialidase enzyme and a binding model similar to DANA (pattern A). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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30. Trypanocidal Activity of Quinoxaline 1,4 Di-N-oxide Derivatives as Trypanothione Reductase Inhibitors.

Author

Chacón-Vargas, Karla Fabiola, Nogueda-Torres, Benjamin, Sánchez-Torres, Luvia E., Suarez-Contreras, Erick, Villalobos-Rocha, Juan Carlos, Torres-Martinez, Yuridia, Lara-Ramirez, Edgar E., Fiorani, Giulia, Krauth-Siege, R. Luise, Bolognesi, Maria Laura, Monge, Antonio, and Rivera, Gildardo

Subjects
CHAGAS' disease treatment, TRYPANOTHIONE, QUINOXALINES, HETEROCYCLIC compounds, MOLECULAR docking, HETEROCYCLIC compound derivatives, CARBOXYLATE derivatives
Abstract

Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis is a worldwide public health problem. In this work, we evaluated 26 new propyl and isopropyl quinoxaline-7-carboxylate 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives as potential trypanocidal agents. Additionally, molecular docking and enzymatic assays on trypanothione reductase (TR) were performed to provide a basis for their potential mechanism of action. Seven compounds showed better trypanocidal activity on epimastigotes than the reference drugs, and only four displayed activity on trypomastigotes; T-085 was the lead compound with an IC50 = 59.9 and 73.02 µM on NINOA and INC-5 strain, respectively. An in silico analysis proposed compound T-085 as a potential TR inhibitor with better affinity than the natural substrate. Enzymatic analysis revealed that T-085 inhibits parasite TR non-competitively. Compound T-085 carries a carbonyl, a CF3, and an isopropyl carboxylate group at 2-, 3- and 7-position, respectively. These results suggest the chemical structure of this compound as a good starting point for the design and synthesis of novel trypanocidal derivatives with higher TR inhibitory potency and lower toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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31. Regime Shifts in the Anthropocene

Author

Rocha, Juan Carlos and Rocha, Juan Carlos

Abstract

Regime shifts are large, abrupt and often hard to reverse changes in the function and structure of socal-ecological systems. These regime shifts have been documented in a broad range of systems and scales both in marine, terrestrial and polar ecosystems. Regime shifts have attracted the attention of scientists, managers and policy makers because they substantially affect the flow of ecosystem services that society relies on. Despite their re|evance in the face of climate change or increasing pressure of the anthropocene, little is understood about the overall patterns of regime shifts causation and impacts for human well being. This licentiate thesis summarises the first steps towards a global assessment of regime shifts. Paper I is a literature review that attempts to synthesise the state of the art of regime shifts theory, its application in different disciplines, and frontiers of research. Paper II outlines a framework developed to study and compare regime shifts across different systems and scales, namely the Regime Shifts Database. Paper III investigates the patterns of drivers co-occurrence, and outlines the opportunities and challenges for management of regime shifts. The three papers together propose a new approach to study regime shifts that combines system thinking and tools from network science to analyze phenomena where knowledge about causal mechanisms, opportunities for experimentation and time series data are limited or unavailable. The discussion reflects upon the limitation and opportunities of our approach and outlines the guidelines for future developments of my PhD project.

Published
2013

32. Regime Shifts

Author

Rocha, Juan Carlos, Biggs, Reinette, Peterson, Garry, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Biggs, Reinette, and Peterson, Garry

Abstract

A regime shift is a large, persistent change in the structure and function of a system. In ecosystems, regime shifts substantially affect the flow of services that societies rely on; they often occur unexpectedly and are difficult or impossible to reverse. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to and sustain regime shifts and predicting regime shifts before they happen are major challenges for ecosystem managers concerned with long-term sustainable resource management.

Published
2012

33. Regime Shifts : Doctoral Essay

Author

Rocha, Juan Carlos and Rocha, Juan Carlos

Abstract

Regime shifts are large, abrupt, persistent changes in the structure and function of a system(Biggs et al. 2009). A regime is a characteristic behavior of a system which is maintained bymutually reinforced processes or feedbacks. Regimes are considered persistent relative to thetime period over which the shift occurs. The change of regimes, or a regime shift, usually occurswhen a gradual change in an internal process (feedback) or a single disturbance (externalshocks) triggers a completely different system behavior (Scheffer et al. 2001, Beisner et al.2003, Scheffer and Carpenter 2003, Folke et al. 2004). Although such non-linear change havebeen widely studied in different disciplines ranging from atoms to climate dynamics(Feudel2008); regime shifts have gained importance in ecology because they can substantially alter theflow of ecosystem services to societies (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005, Biggs et al.2009); such as provision of food, clean water or climate regulation. Moreover, the frequency ofregime shifts is expected to increase as human domination on the Earth’s processes continuesto expand -the anthropocene-, modifying climate, biogeochemical cycles, land cover, andspecies distribution (Steffen et al. 2007, Rockström et al. 2009).

Published
2011

34. The Regime Shifts Database : A Framework for Analyzing Regime Shifts in Social-Ecological Systems

Author

Biggs, Reinette Oonsie, Peterson, Gary D., Rocha, Juan Carlos, Biggs, Reinette Oonsie, Peterson, Gary D., and Rocha, Juan Carlos

Abstract

This paper presents the Regime Shifts Database (RSDB), a new online, open-access database that uses a novel consistent framework to systematically analyze regime shifts based on their impacts, key drivers, underlying feedbacks, and management options. The database currently contains 27 generic types of regime shifts, and over 300 specific case studies of a variety of regime shifts. These regime shifts occur across diverse types of systems and are driven by many different types of processes. Besides impacting provisioning and regulating services, our work shows that regime shifts substantially impact cultural and aesthetic ecosystem services. We found that social-ecological feedbacks are difficult to characterize and more work is needed to develop new tools and approaches to better understand social-ecological regime shifts. We hope that the database will stimulate further research on regime shifts and make available information that can be used in management, planning and assessment.

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35. Regime Shifts in the Anthropocene : drivers, risk, and resilience

Author

Rocha, Juan Carlos, Peterson, Garry D., Biggs, Reinette Oonsie, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Peterson, Garry D., and Biggs, Reinette Oonsie

Abstract

Human action is driving worldwide change in ecosystems. While some of these changes have been gradual, others have led to surprising, large and persistent ecological regime shifts 1-4. Such shifts challenge ecological management and governance because they substantially alter the availability of ecosystems services 5, while being difficult to predict 6 and reverse2. Assessing whether continued global change will lead to further regime shifts, or has the potential trigger cascading regime shifts has been a central question in global change policy 7-9. Addressing this issue has, however, been hampered by the focus of regime shift research on specific cases or types of regime shifts 9-11. To systematically assess the global risk of regime shifts we conducted a comparative analysis of 25 types of regime shifts across marine, terrestrial and polar systems; identifying their drivers, and impacts on ecosystem services. We demonstrate that the drivers of regime shifts are diverse and widely shared among regime shifts, which suggests that continued global change can be expected to synchronously increase the risk of multiple regime shifts. Furthermore, many regime shift drivers are related to climate change and food production, whose tight links to the continued expansion of human activities makes them difficult to limit. Because many regime shifts can amplify the drivers of other regime shifts, continued global change can also be expected to increase the risk of cascading regime shifts 8,12. Nevertheless, the variety of scales at which regime shift drivers operate provides opportunities for reducing the risk of many types of regime shifts by addressing local or regional drivers, even in the absence of rapid reduction of global drivers.

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37. Global Change Drivers of Regime Shifts

Author

Rocha, Juan Carlos, Peterson, Garry, Biggs, Oonsie, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Peterson, Garry, and Biggs, Oonsie

Abstract

Abrupt ecological changes or regime shifts have been identified in many ecosystems, but there has been no systemic review to compare regime shifts and their drivers. We use network analysis to perform a comparative analysis of relationships among global change drivers and major ecological regime shifts. We assembled a database of 20 regime shifts and their drivers that spans marine, terrestrial and polar ecosystems. Our analysis reveals that regime shifts typically have multiple drivers (ranging from 2 to 19 in our dataset) that interact in a structured fashion: only 11 drivers cause from 25-60% of the regime shifts and interact with 50-85% of other drivers. Of the 55 drivers recorded, 11 drivers cause 25-60% of the regime shifts and interact with 50-85% of other drivers. Drivers related to agricultural activities and climate change are the most frequent drivers of regime shifts. Although equally important, indirect drivers seem to be underreported. We find that regime shifts in marine systems operate at similar scales due to similar feedback processes, while terrestrial regime shifts occur across a wider range of scales and are more context dependent. Regime shifts differ greatly in the scales at which their drivers can be managed, but most regime shifts are at least partially driven by global change drivers which cannot be managed locally, highlighting the importance of new scale-bridging polycentric approaches to avoid unwanted regime shifts.

39. Detecting potential impacts on ecosystem services related to ecological regime shifts – a matter of wording

Author

Rocha, Juan Carlos, Wikström, Robin, Rocha, Juan Carlos, and Wikström, Robin

Abstract

Assessing which ecosystem services are likely to be affected by ecological regime shifts is one of the greatest challenges of current ecological research. Regime shifts are large, abrupt re-configuration of ecosystem’s structure and function; they are hard to predict, often difficult to reverse, and present potential changes on the benefits people receive from natural systems impacting human well-being. While a bulk of research comprises localized case studies where data is available and experimentation is possible, a global assessment of regime shifts consequences is missing. Here topic mining is presented as a complementary strategy to assess changes in ecosystem services at broader time and spatial scale than direct assessments. We explore an indirect approach by using latent Dirichlet allocation to automatically identify topics that align with ecosystem services, and compared it with the impacts reported by contributors to the Regime Shifts Database. We found that identifying ecosystem services is possible, successful detection is correlated to how well studied regime shifts are. While the majority of supporting and regulating services were successfully detected, pollination and cultural services were elusive. The technique provides a new indirect monitoring method for places where current data is scarce or data collection is challenging.

40. 12 al año, hacen daño

Author

Ezpeleta Merchan, Lore, Ordóñez Robayo, Camilo Andrés, Forero Ramírez, Santiago, Benavides, Diego, Moreno Rocha, Juan Carlos, Ezpeleta Merchan, Lore, Ordóñez Robayo, Camilo Andrés, Forero Ramírez, Santiago, Benavides, Diego, and Moreno Rocha, Juan Carlos

Abstract

Recopilación de momentos iconográficos colombianos de las últimas dos décadas representados a través de auto retratos en fotografía digital.

41. Chapter 2.1 Status and Trends –Drivers of Change

Author

Balvanera, Patricia, Pfaff, Alexander, Viña, Andrés, Garcia Frapolli, Eduardo, Hussain, Syed Ainul, Merino, Leticia, Minang, Peter Akong, Nagabhatla, Nidhi, Sidorovich, Anna, Aburto, Marisol, Al Shammasi, Hussain, Andrade, Luiza, Aumeeruddy Thomas, Yildiz, Babai, Daniel, Badola, Ruchi, Bai, Xuemei, Benessaiah, Karina, Bennett, Abigail, Berron, Fernando, Brancalion, Pedro, Carnovale, Maria, Chazdon, Robin, Coscieme, Luca, Cotler, Helena, Curran, Sara, Declerck, Fabrice, Deen, Tariq, Di Marco, Moreno, Doropoulus, Christopher, Duguma, Lalisa A., Dumas, Patrice, Ezzine de Blas, Driss, Fiorella, Katie, Foundjem-Tita, Divine, Funge-Smith, Simon, Geschke, Arne, Gladish, Daniel W., Golden, Christopher, González Ortega, Emmanuel, Guibrunet, Louise, Gutt, Julian, Halmy, Marwa W., Hegazi, Farah, Hill, Samantha, Hily, Emeline, Hunter, Lori, Irengbam, Michelle, Jacob, Ute, Jagger, Pam, Jenkins, Willis, Kaczan, David, Karim, Md Saiful, Justin Kirkpatrick, A., Langle-Flores, Alfonso, Liu, Wei, Lozano, Alejandro, Luz, Ana Catarina, Madiefe, Serge P., Maris, Virginie, Mazor, Tessa, Meli, Paula, Mingorria, Sara, Miteva, Daniela, Molnár, Zsolt, Mora, Francisco, Naime, Julia, Niamir, Aidin, Orgill, Jennifer, Ortíz, Victor, Pacheco, Diego, Pakhtigian, Emily, Palang, Hannes, Pasquier, Ayari, Pechar, Emily, Piñeyro Nelson, Alma, Prest, Brian, Preston, Susan, Purifoy, Danielle, Ramankutti, Navin, Ranganathan, Janet, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Rodriguez Osuna, Vanesa, Ruiz-Mallen, Isabel, Salzman, James, Schwarzmueller, Florian, Searchinger, Tim, Seebens, Hanno, Sepp, Kalev, Seufert, Verena, Sexton, Steve, Smith, Hilary, Stefanski, Stephanie, Tauro, Alejandra, Usmani, Faraz, Vennard, Daniel, Vilá, Bibiana, Waite, Richard, Wickson, Fern, Wolfersberger, Julien, Zeeshan, Ali, Lambin, Eric, and Mistry, Jayalaxshmi

Subjects
Chapter, Global Assessment, IPBES
Abstract

This document contains the draft Chapter 2.1 of the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Governments and all observers at IPBES-7had access to these draft chapters eight weeks prior to IPBES-7. Governments accepted the Chapters at IPBES-7 based on the understanding that revisions made to the SPM during the Plenary, as a result of the dialogue between Governments and scientists, would be reflected in the final Chapters.

Published
2019
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