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6. The COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) Consortium: A Call to Action

Author

Chan, Andrew T, Drew, David A, Nguyen, Long H, Joshi, Amit D, Ma, Wenjie, Guo, Chuan-Guo, Lo, Chun-Han, Mehta, Raaj S, Kwon, Sohee, Sikavi, Daniel R, Magicheva-Gupta, Marina V, Fatehi, Zahra S, Flynn, Jacqueline J, Leonardo, Brianna M, Albert, Christine M, Andreotti, Gabriella, Beane-Freeman, Laura E, Balasubramanian, Bijal A, Brownstein, John S, Bruinsma, Fiona, Cowan, Annie N, Deka, Anusila, Ernst, Michael E, Figueiredo, Jane C, Franks, Paul W, Gardner, Christopher D, Ghobrial, Irene M, Haiman, Christopher A, Hall, Janet E, Deming-Halverson, Sandra L, Kirpach, Brenda, Lacey, James V, Le Marchand, Loïc, Marinac, Catherine R, Martinez, Maria Elena, Milne, Roger L, Murray, Anne M, Nash, Denis, Palmer, Julie R, Patel, Alpa V, Rosenberg, Lynn, Sandler, Dale P, Sharma, Shreela V, Schurman, Shepherd H, Wilkens, Lynne R, Chavarro, Jorge E, Eliassen, A Heather, Hart, Jaime E, Kang, Jae Hee, Koenen, Karestan C, Kubzansky, Laura D, Mucci, Lorelei A, Ourselin, Sebastien, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, Song, Mingyang, Stampfer, Meir J, Steves, Claire J, Willett, Walter C, Wolf, Jonathan, and Spector, Tim

Subjects
Pneumonia & Influenza, Nutrition, Clinical Research, Cancer, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections, Data Collection, Humans, Models, Biological, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, Public Health, SARS-CoV-2, Smartphone, Software, United Kingdom, United States, COPE Consortium, Medical and Health Sciences, Epidemiology
Abstract

The rapid pace of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19) pandemic presents challenges to the real-time collection of population-scale data to inform near-term public health needs as well as future investigations. We established the COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) consortium to address this unprecedented crisis on behalf of the epidemiology research community. As a central component of this initiative, we have developed a COVID Symptom Study (previously known as the COVID Symptom Tracker) mobile application as a common data collection tool for epidemiologic cohort studies with active study participants. This mobile application collects information on risk factors, daily symptoms, and outcomes through a user-friendly interface that minimizes participant burden. Combined with our efforts within the general population, data collected from nearly 3 million participants in the United States and United Kingdom are being used to address critical needs in the emergency response, including identifying potential hot spots of disease and clinically actionable risk factors. The linkage of symptom data collected in the app with information and biospecimens already collected in epidemiology cohorts will position us to address key questions related to diet, lifestyle, environmental, and socioeconomic factors on susceptibility to COVID-19, clinical outcomes related to infection, and long-term physical, mental health, and financial sequalae. We call upon additional epidemiology cohorts to join this collective effort to strengthen our impact on the current health crisis and generate a new model for a collaborative and nimble research infrastructure that will lead to more rapid translation of our work for the betterment of public health.

Published
2020

10. Maternal corticotropin-releasing hormone is associated with LEP DNA methylation at birth and in childhood: an epigenome-wide study in Project Viva

Author

Tian, Fu-Ying, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Cardenas, Andres, Baccarelli, Andrea A, DeMeo, Dawn L, Litonjua, Augusto A, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, Gillman, Matthew W, Oken, Emily, and Hivert, Marie-France

Subjects
Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Human Genome, Genetics, Pediatric, Prevention, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Reproductive health and childbirth, Adult, Child, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, CpG Islands, DNA Methylation, Epigenome, Female, Fetal Blood, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Leptin, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Prospective Studies, Medical and Health Sciences, Education, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BackgroundCorticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a central role in regulating the secretion of cortisol which controls a wide range of biological processes. Fetuses overexposed to cortisol have increased risks of disease in later life. DNA methylation may be the underlying association between prenatal cortisol exposure and health effects. We investigated associations between maternal CRH levels and epigenome-wide DNA methylation of cord blood in offsprings and evaluated whether these associations persisted into mid-childhood.MethodsWe investigated mother-child pairs enrolled in the prospective Project Viva pre-birth cohort. We measured DNA methylation in 257 umbilical cord blood samples using the HumanMethylation450 Bead Chip. We tested associations of maternal CRH concentration with cord blood cells DNA methylation, adjusting the model for maternal age at enrollment, education, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal smoking status, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, gestational age at delivery, child sex, and cell-type composition in cord blood. We further examined the persistence of associations between maternal CRH levels and DNA methylation in children's blood cells collected at mid-childhood (n = 239, age: 6.7-10.3 years) additionally adjusting for the children's age at blood drawn.ResultsMaternal CRH levels are associated with DNA methylation variability in cord blood cells at 96 individual CpG sites (False Discovery Rate

Published
2019

23. A mixed-methods analysis of moral injury among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Author

Scoglio, Arielle A. J., Stelson, Elisabeth A., Becene, Iris, Marquez, Camille Ianne, and Rich-Edwards, Janet W.

Subjects
HARM (Ethics), COVID-19 pandemic, MEDICAL personnel, LABOR market, ROLE conflict, WORK-related injuries
Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers faced grave responsibilities amidst rapidly changing policies and material and staffing shortages. Moral injury, psychological distress following events where actions transgress moral beliefs/ expectations, increased among healthcare workers. We used a sequential mixed methods approach to examine workplace and contextual factors related to moral injury early in the pandemic. Using a Total Worker Health® framework, we 1) examined factors associated with moral injury among active healthcare professionals (N = 14,145) surveyed between May-August 2020 and 2) qualitatively analyzed open-ended responses from 95 randomly selected participants who endorsed moral injury on the survey. Compared to inpatient hospital, outpatient (OR = 0.74 [0.65, 0.85]) or school clinic settings (OR = 0.37 [0.18, 0.75]) were associated with lower odds of moral injury; while group care settings increased odds (OR = 1.36 [1.07, 1.74]). Working with COVID+ patients (confirmed+ OR = 1.27 [1.03, 1.55]), PPE inadequacy (OR = 1.54 [1.27, 1.87]), and greater role conflict (OR = 1.57 [1.53, 1.62]) were associated with greater odds of moral injury. Qualitative findings illustrate how outside factors as well as organizational policies and working conditions influenced moral injury. Moral injury experiences affected staff turnover and patient care, potentially producing additional morally injurious effects. Worker- and patient-centered organizational policies are needed to prevent moral injury among healthcare workers. The generalizability of these findings may be limited by our predominantly white and female sample. Further research is indicated to replicate these findings in minoritized samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Risk of COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers and the general community: a prospective cohort study

Author

Albert, Christine M., Andreotti, Gabriella, Bala, Bijal, Balasubramanian, Bijal A., Beane-Freeman, Laura E., Brownstein, John S., Bruinsma, Fiona J., Coresh, Joe, Costa, Rui, Cowan, Annie N., Deka, Anusila, Deming-Halverson, Sandra L., Elena Martinez, Maria, Ernst, Michael E., Figueiredo, Jane C., Fortuna, Pedro, Franks, Paul W., Freeman, Laura Beane, Gardner, Christopher D., Ghobrial, Irene M., Haiman, Christopher A., Hall, Janet E., Kang, Jae H., Kirpach, Brenda, Koenen, Karestan C., Kubzansky, Laura D., Lacey, Jr, James V., Le Marchand, Loic, Lin, Xihong, Lutsey, Pam, Marinac, Catherine R., Martinez, Maria Elena, Milne, Roger L., Murray, Anne M., Nash, Denis, Palmer, Julie R., Patel, Alpa V., Pierce, Eric, Robertson, McKaylee M., Rosenberg, Lynn, Sandler, Dale P., Schurman, Shepherd H., Sewalk, Kara, Sharma, Shreela V., Sidey-Gibbons, Christopher J., Slevin, Liz, Smoller, Jordan W.., Steves, Claire J., Tiirikainen, Maarit I., Weiss, Scott T., Wilkens, Lynne R., Zhang, Feng, Nguyen, Long H, Drew, David A, Graham, Mark S, Joshi, Amit D, Guo, Chuan-Guo, Ma, Wenjie, Mehta, Raaj S, Warner, Erica T, Sikavi, Daniel R, Lo, Chun-Han, Kwon, Sohee, Song, Mingyang, Mucci, Lorelei A, Stampfer, Meir J, Willett, Walter C, Eliassen, A Heather, Hart, Jaime E, Chavarro, Jorge E, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, Davies, Richard, Capdevila, Joan, Lee, Karla A, Lochlainn, Mary Ni, Varsavsky, Thomas, Sudre, Carole H, Cardoso, M Jorge, Wolf, Jonathan, Spector, Tim D, Ourselin, Sebastien, Steves, Claire J, and Chan, Andrew T

Published
2020
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29. Cohort Profile Update: Project Viva mothers

Author

Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, primary, Aris, Izzuddin M, additional, Switkowski, Karen M, additional, Young, Jessica, additional, Fleisch, Abby F, additional, James-Todd, Tamarra, additional, Zota, Ami R, additional, Perng, Wei, additional, Hivert, Marie-France, additional, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, additional, Perez Capotosto, Melissa, additional, Chavarro, Jorge E, additional, and Oken, Emily, additional

Published
2023
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33. Genome-wide analysis identifies genetic effects on reproductive success and ongoing natural selection at the FADS locus

Author

Mathieson, Iain, Day, Felix R., Barban, Nicola, Tropf, Felix C., Brazel, David M., van Heemst, Diana, Vaez, Ahmad, van Zuydam, Natalie, Bitarello, Bárbara D., Gardner, Eugene J., Akimova, Evelina T., Azad, Ajuna, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Bosak, Kristina, Brumat, Marco, Buring, Julie E., Cesarini, David, Chasman, Daniel I., Chavarro, Jorge E., Cocca, Massimiliano, Concas, Maria Pina, Davey Smith, George, Davies, Gail, Deary, Ian J., Esko, Tõnu, Faul, Jessica D., Franco, Oscar, Ganna, Andrea, Gaskins, Audrey J., Gelemanovic, Andrea, de Geus, Eco J. C., Gieger, Christian, Girotto, Giorgia, Gopinath, Bamini, Grabe, Hans Jörgen, Gunderson, Erica P., Hayward, Caroline, He, Chunyan, Hill, W. David, Hoffmann, Eva R., Homuth, Georg, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Huang, Hongyang, Hyppӧnen, Elina, Ikram, M. Arfan, Jansen, Rick, Johannesson, Magnus, Kamali, Zoha, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Kavousi, Maryam, Kifley, Annette, Kiiskinen, Tuomo, Kraft, Peter, Kühnel, Brigitte, Langenberg, Claudia, Liew, Gerald, van der Most, Peter J., Lind, Penelope A., Luan, Jian’an, Mägi, Reedik, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Mahajan, Anubha, Martin, Nicholas G., Mbarek, Hamdi, McCarthy, Mark I., McMahon, George, Medland, Sarah E., Meitinger, Thomas, Metspalu, Andres, Mihailov, Evelin, Milani, Lili, Missmer, Stacey A., Mitchell, Paul, Møllegaard, Stine, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Morgan, Anna, de Mutsert, Renée, Nauck, Matthias, Nolte, Ilja M., Noordam, Raymond, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Peters, Annette, Peyser, Patricia A., Polašek, Ozren, Power, Chris, Pribisalic, Ajka, Redmond, Paul, Rich-Edwards, Janet W., Ridker, Paul M., Rietveld, Cornelius A., Ring, Susan M., Rose, Lynda M., Rueedi, Rico, Shukla, Vallari, Smith, Jennifer A., Stankovic, Stasa, Stefánsson, Kári, Stöckl, Doris, Strauch, Konstantin, Swertz, Morris A., Teumer, Alexander, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thurik, A. Roy, Timpson, Nicholas J., Turman, Constance, Uitterlinden, André G., Waldenberger, Melanie, Wareham, Nicholas J., Weir, David R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Zhao, Jing Hau, Zhao, Wei, Zhao, Yajie, Snieder, Harold, den Hoed, Marcel, Ong, Ken K., Mills, Melinda C., Perry, John R. B., Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, APH - Mental Health, APH - Methodology, AMS - Ageing & Vitality, AMS - Sports, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Epidemiology, Applied Economics, Internal Medicine, Mathieson, Iain, Day, Felix R, Barban, Nicola, Tropf, Felix C, Hyppӧnen, Elina, Perry, John RB, eQTLGen Consortium, BIOS Consortium, FinnGen Study, Lifelines Cohort Study, Brazel, David M, Vaez, Ahmad, van Zuydam, Natalie, Bitarello, Bárbara D, Gardner, Eugene J, Akimova, Evelina T, Azad, Ajuna, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F, Boomsma, Dorret I, Bosak, Kristina, Brumat, Marco, Buring, Julie E, Cesarini, David, Chasman, Daniel I, Chavarro, Jorge E, Cocca, Massimiliano, Concas, Maria Pina, Davey Smith, George, Davies, Gail, Deary, Ian J, Esko, Tõnu, Faul, Jessica D, Franco, Oscar, Ganna, Andrea, Gaskins, Audrey J, Gelemanovic, Andrea, de Geus, Eco J C, Gieger, Christian, Girotto, Giorgia, Gopinath, Bamini, Grabe, Hans Jörgen, Gunderson, Erica P, Hayward, Caroline, He, Chunyan, van Heemst, Diana, Hill, W David, Hoffmann, Eva R, Homuth, Georg, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Huang, Hongyang, Ikram, M Arfan, Jansen, Rick, Johannesson, Magnu, Kamali, Zoha, Kardia, Sharon L R, Kavousi, Maryam, Kifley, Annette, Kiiskinen, Tuomo, Kraft, Peter, Kühnel, Brigitte, Langenberg, Claudia, Liew, Gerald, Lind, Penelope A, Luan, Jian'an, Mägi, Reedik, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Mahajan, Anubha, Martin, Nicholas G, Mbarek, Hamdi, McCarthy, Mark I, McMahon, George, Medland, Sarah E, Meitinger, Thoma, Metspalu, Andre, Mihailov, Evelin, Milani, Lili, Missmer, Stacey A, Mitchell, Paul, Møllegaard, Stine, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O, Morgan, Anna, van der Most, Peter J, de Mutsert, Renée, Nauck, Matthia, Nolte, Ilja M, Noordam, Raymond, Penninx, Brenda W J H, Peters, Annette, Peyser, Patricia A, Polašek, Ozren, Power, Chri, Pribisalic, Ajka, Redmond, Paul, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, Ridker, Paul M, Rietveld, Cornelius A, Ring, Susan M, Rose, Lynda M, Rueedi, Rico, Shukla, Vallari, Smith, Jennifer A, Stankovic, Stasa, Stefánsson, Kári, Stöckl, Dori, Strauch, Konstantin, Swertz, Morris A, Teumer, Alexander, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thurik, A Roy, Timpson, Nicholas J, Turman, Constance, Uitterlinden, André G, Waldenberger, Melanie, Wareham, Nicholas J, Weir, David R, Willemsen, Gonneke, Zhao, Jing Hau, Zhao, Wei, Zhao, Yajie, Snieder, Harold, den Hoed, Marcel, Ong, Ken K, Mills, Melinda C, Perry, John R B, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep

Subjects
Behavioral Neuroscience, Endocrine reproductive disorders Genome-wide association studies, Social Psychology, genome-wide association studies, TERM BALANCING SELECTION, QUALITY-CONTROL, ASSOCIATION, VARIANTS, GWAS, HERITABILITY, METAANALYSIS, ADAPTATION, SIGNATURES, EQTL, endocrine reproductive disorders, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Bristol Population Health Science Institute
Abstract

Refereed/Peer-reviewed Identifying genetic determinants of reproductive success may highlight mechanisms underlying fertility and identify alleles under present-day selection. Using data in 785,604 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 43 genomic loci associated with either number of children ever born (NEB) or childlessness. These loci span diverse aspects of reproductive biology, including puberty timing, age at first birth, sex hormone regulation, endometriosis and age at menopause. Missense variants in ARHGAP27 were associated with higher NEB but shorter reproductive lifespan, suggesting a trade-off at this locus between reproductive ageing and intensity. Other genes implicated by coding variants include PIK3IP1, ZFP82 and LRP4, and our results suggest a new role for the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) in reproductive biology. As NEB is one component of evolutionary fitness, our identified associations indicate loci under present-day natural selection. Integration with data from historical selection scans highlighted an allele in the FADS1/2 gene locus that has been under selection for thousands of years and remains so today. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that a broad range of biological mechanisms contribute to reproductive success.

Published
2023

46. Coronary artery restenosis and target lesion revascularisation in women by pregnancy history

Author

Pehrson, Moa, Edsfeldt, Andreas, Sarno, Giovanna, Fraser, Abigail, Rich-Edwards, Janet W., Goncalves, Isabel, Pihlsgard, Mats, Timpka, Simon, Pehrson, Moa, Edsfeldt, Andreas, Sarno, Giovanna, Fraser, Abigail, Rich-Edwards, Janet W., Goncalves, Isabel, Pihlsgard, Mats, and Timpka, Simon

Abstract

BackgroundWomen's pregnancy history is associated with incident risk of coronary artery disease with some evidence also suggesting a relevance for prognosis following treatment.ObjectivesTo study the associations between maternal history of preterm delivery, a history of small for gestational age infant, parity and age at first delivery with clinical restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we included 6027 women <65 years undergoing their first PCI 2006-2017, merging clinical register data on PCI procedures in Sweden with comprehensive registry data on deliveries since 1973. We used proportional hazards regression to study the association between aspects of pregnancy history and clinical restenosis in per-segment analyses, and with target lesion revascularisation (TLR) in per-patient analyses. We adjusted models for procedural-related and patient-related predictors of restenosis.ResultsDuring 15 981 segment-years of follow-up, 343 (3.7%) events of clinical restenosis occurred. We found no strong evidence of associations between the studied aspects of pregnancy history and clinical restenosis following PCI. For example, the restenosis HR for a history of preterm delivery in the fully adjusted model was 1.09 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.55) and the TLR HR was 1.18 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.52).ConclusionRisk of restenosis following treatment with PCI did not differ by the studied aspects of pregnancy history, including preterm delivery, in young and middle-aged women. Larger studies are needed to obtain more precise estimates.

Published
2023
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