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When described in 2014, Maotoweta virescens was believed to be one of New Zealand’s rarest cave wētā (Rhaphidophoridae). Here, we present new information about the distribution, ecology, and life history of the species. M. virescens has now been recorded from indigenous forest sites throughout the length of the western South Island, where it can occur in relatively high abundance. M. virescens shows a close association with arboreal mosses, particularly Weymouthia mollis, roosting within them during the day and feeding on them at night. The wētā has also been documented feeding on lichens and dead insects. The species is hypothesized to have a lifecycle of approximately one year, closely linked to season. Eggs are thought to hatch out relatively quickly after being laid in summer and early autumn, with the species overwintering as nymphs and maturing the following late spring through to early-autumn. Further work is required to fully understand its biology. A comparison was made between active night searching and vegetation beating as two different methods for the detection and monitoring of M. virescens. Beating of W. mollis and other suitable M. virescens microhabitats was found to be significantly more effective than night searching. Our results show that M. virescens is widespread and can occur at relatively high densities within South Island temperate forests, with the species’ perceived rarity to date largely owing to a lack of survey effort and the past use of ineffective sampling methods.

Barcode libraries are generally assembled with two main objectives in mind: specimen identification and species discovery/delimitation. In this study, the standard COI barcode region was sequenced from 681 specimens belonging to katydids (Tettigoniidae), cave crickets (Rhaphidophoridae), and leaf-rolling crickets (Gryllacrididae) from Zhejiang Province, China. Of these, four COI-5P sequences were excluded from subsequent analyses because they were likely NUMTs (nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes). The final dataset consisted of 677 barcode sequences representing 90 putative species-level taxa. Automated cluster delineation using the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) revealed 118 BINs (Barcodes Index Numbers). Among these 90 species-level taxa, 68 corresponded with morphospecies, while the remaining 22 were identified based on reverse taxonomy using BIN assignment. Thirteen of these morphospecies were represented by a single barcode (so-called singletons), and each of 19 morphospecies were split into more than one BIN. The consensus delimitation scheme yielded 55 Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs). Only four morphospecies (Imax > DNN) failed to be recovered as monophyletic clades (i.e., Elimaea terminalis, Phyllomimus klapperichi, Sinochlora szechwanensis and Xizicus howardi), so it is speculated that these may be species complexes. Therefore, the diversity of katydids, cave crickets, and leaf-rolling crickets in Zhejiang Province is probably slightly higher than what current taxonomy would suggest.

Previously, only two species of Hercostomus Loew were known to occur in Inner Mongolia. Here two species from Inner Mongolia are described as new to science, namely Hercostomus chifengensissp. nov. and Hercostomus triangulatussp. nov. Three new records of Hercostomus in Inner Mongolia are added. A key to the species of Hercostomus in Inner Mongolia is provided.

Eurhaphidophora tarasovi tarasovi Gorochov, 2010 Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 89(4), 809 [= original description of Eurhaphidophora tarasovi Gorochov, 2010] Zootaxa, 4853(2), 242 [= E. t. tarasovi; in comparison part] http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:512129 Type locality: Laos, Vientiane Province, Phu Khao Khouay National Park, mixed bamboo forest of BanVangheua at N 18°20.102 ’, E 102°48.983 ’, 800 m a.s.l. Distribution: Northern Laos, Published as part of Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, Gorochov, Andrei V., Pinkaew, Nantasak & Vitheepradit, Akekawat, 2023, Review of the genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 (Orthoptera: Ensifera Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on page 359, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7906263

Eurhaphidophora fossa Lu, Huang & Bian, 2022 Zootaxa, 5093(3), 394. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:517711 Type locality: China, Yunnan Province, Menghai, Bulangshan. Distribution: South China, Published as part of Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, Gorochov, Andrei V., Pinkaew, Nantasak & Vitheepradit, Akekawat, 2023, Review of the genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 (Orthoptera: Ensifera Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on page 358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7906263, {"references":["Lu, X., Huang, X. & Bian, X. (2022). Contribution to the Chinese subfamily Rhaphidophorinae Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) V: Two new species of Eurhaphidophora. Zootaxa, 5093 (3), 392 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5093.3.7"]}

Eurhaphidophora apicoexcisa Dawwrueng, Gorochov, Pinkaew & Vitheepradit sp. nov. (Figs. 1A–I, 2A–C, 3A–D, 4A–C) Types. Holotype —male, Western Thailand, Ratchaburi Province, Suan Pheung District, environs of Khao Krajom, elev. 600–1000 m., 24.XII.2019, coll. K. Jiaranaisakul. Paratypes: 2 males, same locality as for holotype, 22.I.2020, coll. K. Jiaranaisakul; 3 males, 1 female, same locality as for holotype, 23–24.X.2021, coll. P. Dawwrueng. Description. Male (holotype). Body slightly larger than in other congeners except for E. ampla (similar in body size). Head: rostral tubercles slightly pressed to each other and divided into a pair of halves by narrow and deep median furrow (Fig 1A); lateral ocelli large and almost circular (Fig 1B); median ocellus slightly smaller, oval and placed between scapes (Fig 1C). Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum with more or less broadly rounded lateral lobes; fore femur with only one inner apical spine, but mid femur with one inner and one outer apical spines (these femoral features characteristic of this subfamily); hind femur with only one shorter and non-articulate inner spine at apex; tibiae and hind basitarsus with following armament – ve, vi, ve, v2a / di, de, di, de, d2a, ve, ve, v2a / d20e–18i (d20e–19i), d2sa, 6a / d5c (d6c), dac; apex of dia of hind tibia is projected slightly beyond apex of dac. Abdomen: seventh and eighth tergites with very short and rounded posteromedian projection on each, but projection on eighth tergite slightly more projecting than that of seventh tergite (Fig 1D); ninth abdominal tergite with much larger posteromedian process and slight transverse wrinkles located from its basal part to middle of this process (Fig 1D); latter process rather long, distinctly widened (especially in distal half), almost straight in profile and strongly flattened (sublamellar) dorsoventrally (Figs 1 D-F); dorsal surface of this process with shallow longitudinal (median) concavity and almost membranous median area behind it (Fig 1D); apical part of this process rounded in dorsal view and with small but rather deep, narrow and roundly angular posteromedian notch (Fig 1D); epiproct long, narrowing from base to apex (Fig 1G), arcuately curved in profile (Fig 1E, H), with a pair of membranous folds along its lateral edges (Fig 1G) and longitudinal median groove on dorsal surface; this groove running from base of epiproct to its apical part and interrupted by weak transverse carina dividing epiproct into larger proximal and smaller (narrower) distal portions (Fig 1G); lateral edges of this carina with a pair of short but somewhat higher longitudinal keels (Figs 1 G-I); distal portion of epiproct gradually narrowing to narrowly rounded apex, strongly curved forward and partly overlapping subgenital plate in ventral view (Figs 1H, I); each paraproct with specialized but not long and rounded dorsomedial projection (Figs 1G, H); subgenital plate short (distinctly transverse) and with straight posterior edge between rather thick but slightly elongate styli (Figs 1H, I); genitalia entirely membranous. Variations. Hind leg armament and shape of apical notch of posteromedian process on ninth abdominal tergite slightly varying (Fig 2). Female. General appearance similar to male, but body smaller, posteromedian projections of eighth and ninth abdominal tergites much shorter than in male and simply rounded (Figs 3A–B), epiproct also smaller and simple in shape (triangularly-oval). Subgenital plate transversally triangular and with short subacute spine at apex (Fig 3C); ovipositor slightly curved upwards, with ventral serration in its distal part and with acute apex (Fig 3D). Coloration. Head brown with dark brown dorsum, rostral tubercles and mandibles, black eyes and short spot under each eye, pale brown genae and each antennal scape (this scape also with brown longitudinal medial carina), whitish ocelli, light brown clypeus and labrum (with brown lateral margins of labrum), and yellowish white palpi having brown marks on basal and apical parts of each segment (Figs 1 A-C). All tergites dark brown with some reddish spots and brown to light brown distal half of posteromedian process of ninth abdominal tergite; all sternites light brown. Legs yellowish white with dark brown distal parts of femora and proximal parts of tibiae, light brown rest of hind femora having brown oblique stripes on dorsal and lateral surfaces as well as grayish oblique stripes on ventrolateral surface, and whitish tarsi (Figs 4 A-C). Epiproct in male pale brown with lighter lateral folds as well as with brown sclerotized carina and apical process (Figs 1G–I); male paraproct pale brown with brown rounded process (Figs 1G, H); in female, epiproct and paraprocts dark brown (Figs 3A–B). Male subgenital plate light brown with yellowish styli having greyish dorsal longitudinal stripe on each (Figs 1 G-I), whereas female subgenital plate whitish (Fig 3C). Cerci brown with light brown areas near bases (Figs 1H, 3A). Ovipositor reddish brown (Fig 3D). Length (mm) Body: 27.0–31.4 (male), 23.2 (female). Pronotum: 8.8–9.5 (male), 7.6 (female). Fore femur: 10.0–11.3 (male), 8.3 (female). Hind femur: 25.2–28.1 (male), 23.3 (female). Hind tibia: 22.0–25.1 (male), 21.8 (female). Hind basitarsus: 3.5–4.8 (male), 3.1 (female). Ovipositor 15.7. Comparison. The new species is distinguished from other representatives of this genus by its large-sized body, except for E. ampla, E. bona and E. nataliae which are similar in size. Nevertheless, E. apicoexcisa can be distinguished from E. ampla by the posteromedian process of the ninth abdominal tergite of male directed backwards and with almost straight lateral margins (Figs 1D, E), whereas the latter species (E. ampla) has this process strongly curved downwards and with slightly concave lateral margins (in dorsal view); E. bona has this process slightly bent downwards, rounded in its distal part, and less narrowed in the middle part than in the new species; and E. nataliae has this process bent upwards and with trilobate apical part. Additional differences of the new species from all Thailand congeners are given in a key below. Male of this new species can be additionally distinguished from those of E. angusta by the posteromedian process of the ninth abdominal tergite not separated from the basal part of this tergite with help of a transversal fold, by the apex of this process broadly rounded and with a small but rather deep notch in dorsal view, and by the epiproct more or less triangular and with long apical process that curved forward; whereas male of the latter species have this process separated from the basal part of the ninth abdominal tergite by a pair of folds, the apex of this process almost truncate (i.e. without any notch in dorsal view), and the epiproct almost rectangular with a distinctly shorter apical process. Female of the new species also can be distinguished from that of E. angusta by the abdomen with a shortly rounded posteromedian projection on both the eighth and ninth abdominal tergites and with subgenital plate shortly triangular; whereas female of the latter species has these abdominal tergites without any distinct projection posteriorly, and its subgenital plate more elongate. This species can be also distinguished from E. visibilis by the apex of the posteromedian process of the ninth abdominal tergite of male broadly rounded and with a small but rather deep notch in dorsal view, and by the male epiproct more or less triangular and with a long apical process curved forward; whereas male of the latter species has this process distinctly truncated posteriorly and without any apical notch in dorsal view, and the epiproct almost rectangular but with a shortly blunted apical process. Female of this new species can be also distinguished from that of E. visibilis by the abdomen with shortly rounded posteromedian projections on the eighth and ninth abdominal tergites and with a shortly triangular subgenital plate; whereas the female abdomen of the latter species is with angular posteromedian projections on the eighth and ninth abdominal tergites and with a more elongate subgenital plate. And from all other congeners (E. curvata, E. fossa, E. laosi, E. orlovi, E. rotundata, E. t. tarasovi and E. truncata), the new species may be additionally distinguished by the following features: E. fossa and E. laosi have this process shorter, more widened, and without any notch at the apex in dorsal view; E. curvata and E. orlovi have this process more curved downwards and with more concave lateral margins; E. t. tarasovi has this process distinctly narrower; E. rotundata has this process more rounded (semi-oval); E. truncata has this process distinctly shorter and trapezoidal in the shape. Also, the female of some of these species lacks projections on the eighth and ninth abdominal tergites (E. laosi, E. t. tarasovi) or has a projection only on the ninth abdominal tergite (E. orlovi). Etymology The new species name is combined from the two Latin words: apico- (a prefix means “apex” or “apical part”) and excisus (a word means “excise” or “cut off”) referring to the posteromedian process of the male ninth tergite having a small excision (notch) at the apex., Published as part of Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, Gorochov, Andrei V., Pinkaew, Nantasak & Vitheepradit, Akekawat, 2023, Review of the genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 (Orthoptera: Ensifera Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on pages 353-354, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7906263

A key to species of Eurhaphidophora in Thailand for males (updated from Dawwrueng et al., 2020) 1. Posteromedian process of ninth abdominal tergite narrow in dorsal view (Figs 5A, D). - Posteromedian process of ninth abdominal tergite broad in dorsal view (Figs 1D, 5G)............................... 3 2. Posteromedian process of ninth abdominal tergite very narrow and long (approximately 3 times as long as wide), with rounded apex in dorsal view (Fig 5A) and one ventral pair of thin spines visible in posterior view (Fig 5B); epiproct elongate (Fig 5C)............................................................................................ E. bispina - Posteromedian process of ninth abdominal tergite less narrow and rather short (approximately 1.7 times as long as wide), with widely angular apical notch at apex in dorsal (Fig 5D) and posterior (Fig 5E) views; epiproct clearly wider in proximal half (Fig 5F)............................................................................... E. tarasovi doitungensis 3. Posteromedian process of ninth abdominal tergite entirely separated from dorsal part of this tergite by one weak arcuately transverse fold (Fig 5G); this process widely truncate (Fig 5H) and strongly curved downwards; epiproct broad and with small apical tubercle (Fig 5I)................................................................... E. pawangkhananti - Posteromedian process of ninth abdominal tergite not separated from dorsal part of this tergite (Fig 1D); this process almost straight and directed backward, with rounded (in dorsal view) distal part having distinct apical notch (Fig 1D, E); epiproct narrower and with rather thin and long apical part directed forward (Figs 1G–I)................... E. apicoexcisa sp. nov. A key to species of Eurhaphidophora in Thailand for females (except for E. tarasovi doitungensis) 1. Eighth and/or ninth abdominal tergite with short and rounded posteromedian projection (Figs 3A, 4J). - Eighth and ninth abdominal tergites without any posteromedian projection................................. E. bispina 2. Ninth abdominal tergite with distinct posteromedian projection slightly concave in middle part (Fig 5J); subgenital plate rather long, with narrowed apical part moderately long and acute (Fig 5K); ovipositor with narrowly rounded apex (Fig 5L)............................................................................................ E. pawangkhananti - Ninth abdominal tergite with short and widely rounded posteromedian projection (Fig. 3A); subgenital plate shorter, with narrowed apical part short and subacute (Fig 3C); ovipositor with acute apex (Fig 3D)............. E. apicoexcisa sp. nov., Published as part of Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, Gorochov, Andrei V., Pinkaew, Nantasak & Vitheepradit, Akekawat, 2023, Review of the genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 (Orthoptera: Ensifera Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on page 360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7906263, {"references":["Dawwrueng, P., Gorochov, A. V., Tanomtong, A. & Suwannapoom, C. (2020) Contribution to the knowledge of Rhaphidophorinae (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand: three genera Neorhaphidophora, Eurhaphidophora and Minirhaphidophora. Zootaxa, 4853 (2), 235 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4853.2.5"]}

Eurhaphidophora visibilis Gorochov, 2010 Far Eastern Entomologist, 206, 3. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:23434 Type locality: China, Xizang Province, Motuo at 1000–1500 m a.s.l. Distribution: Southwest China., Published as part of Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, Gorochov, Andrei V., Pinkaew, Nantasak & Vitheepradit, Akekawat, 2023, Review of the genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 (Orthoptera: Ensifera Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on page 360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7906263

Eurhaphidophora curvata Lu, Huang & Bian, 2022 Zootaxa, 5093(3), 392. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:517710 Type specimen: China, Yunnan Province, Gengma, Banmai. Distribution: South China Note: Lu et al. (2022) gave the comparison of this Chinese species with E. ampla and E. orlovi from Vietnam. Herein, we compare this species with E. pawangkhananti that is greatly similar to it. Nevertheless, these two species can be separated based on their abdominal structures. Male of E. curvata has the posteromedian process of the ninth abdominal tergite not separated from this tergite, the epiproct widely rounded at the apex and without apical lobes, and the posterior margin of the subgenital plate between its styles convex; whereas male of E. pawangkhananti has the posteromedian process of the ninth abdominal tergite separated from this tergite by a transverse fold (Fig. 5G), the posterior epiproctal margin with a narrow apical process, and the posterior margin of the subgenital plate between its styli almost straight. Also, E. orlovi differs from very similar E. pawangkhananti and E. curvata in the lateral margins of the male ninth tergite proccess clearly arcuate (but in the first two species, these margins are more straight); E. pawangkhananti differs from E. orlovi and E. curvata also in a more angular apical part, in contrast with this part straight (truncate) or almost straight in the two latter species; E. curvata differs from E. orlovi and E. pawangkhananti in a widely rounded apical part of the male epiproct, whereas this epiproct has a specialized apical part in the both latter species (slightly bilobate apex and narrow apical process, respectively). Female of E. curvata is still undiscovered, therefore its comparison with other females of this genus cannot be provided., Published as part of Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, Gorochov, Andrei V., Pinkaew, Nantasak & Vitheepradit, Akekawat, 2023, Review of the genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 (Orthoptera: Ensifera Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on page 358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7906263, {"references":["Lu, X., Huang, X. & Bian, X. (2022). Contribution to the Chinese subfamily Rhaphidophorinae Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) V: Two new species of Eurhaphidophora. Zootaxa, 5093 (3), 392 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5093.3.7"]}

Eurhaphidophora angusta Gorochov, 2010 Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 89(4), 807. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:478480 Type locality: Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue Province, 40 km SE of Hue, Bach Ma National Park at 1300 m a.s.l. Distribution: Central Vietnam, Published as part of Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, Gorochov, Andrei V., Pinkaew, Nantasak & Vitheepradit, Akekawat, 2023, Review of the genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 (Orthoptera: Ensifera Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on page 353, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7906263

Eurhaphidophora truncata Bian & Shi, 2016 Zootaxa, 4109(1), 53. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:477200 Type locality: China, Yunnan Province, Yingjiang Country, Xima Town. Distribution: South China, Published as part of Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, Gorochov, Andrei V., Pinkaew, Nantasak & Vitheepradit, Akekawat, 2023, Review of the genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 (Orthoptera: Ensifera Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on page 360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7906263

Eurhaphidophora bona Gorochov, 2012 Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 9(2), 269. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:462797 Type specimen: Malaysia, Pahang State, 17–18 km SW of Raub Town, primary forest on Fraser’s hill (=Bukit Fraser) near the border with the Selangor State at 1000–1300 m a.s.l.: Distribution: Malaysia: Malay Peninsula, Published as part of Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, Gorochov, Andrei V., Pinkaew, Nantasak & Vitheepradit, Akekawat, 2023, Review of the genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 (Orthoptera: Ensifera Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on page 358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7906263, {"references":["Gorochov, A. V. (2012) Material on the fauna and systematics of Stenopelmatoidea (Orthoptera) from Indochina and some other territories. X. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 91 (2), 269 - 297. [in Russian]"]}

Eurhaphidophora orlovi Gorochov, 2010 Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 89(4), 813. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:478486 Type locality: Vietnam, Quang Binh Province, primary forest of Phong Nha Nature Reserve at 300 m a.s.l. Distribution: Central Vietnam, Published as part of Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, Gorochov, Andrei V., Pinkaew, Nantasak & Vitheepradit, Akekawat, 2023, Review of the genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 (Orthoptera: Ensifera Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on page 359, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7906263

Eurhaphidophora rotundata Gorochov, 2010 Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 89(4), 810. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:478484 Type locality: Vietnam, Ha Tinh Province, primary forest near Hong Son Village on Rao An River at 18°21 ’ N, 105°13 ’ E. Distribution: Northern Vietnam, Published as part of Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, Gorochov, Andrei V., Pinkaew, Nantasak & Vitheepradit, Akekawat, 2023, Review of the genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 (Orthoptera: Ensifera Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on page 359, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7906263

Eurhaphidophora tarasovi doitungensis Dawwrueng, Gorochov & Suwannapoom, 2020 Zootaxa, 4853(2), 240. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:512056 Type locality: Thailand, Chiang Rai Province, Mae Fah Luang District, Doi Tung Lodge, Doi Tung Development Project at 895 m a.s.l. Distribution: Northern Thailand, Published as part of Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, Gorochov, Andrei V., Pinkaew, Nantasak & Vitheepradit, Akekawat, 2023, Review of the genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 (Orthoptera: Ensifera Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on page 359, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7906263, {"references":["Dawwrueng, P., Gorochov, A. V., Tanomtong, A. & Suwannapoom, C. (2020) Contribution to the knowledge of Rhaphidophorinae (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand: three genera Neorhaphidophora, Eurhaphidophora and Minirhaphidophora. Zootaxa, 4853 (2), 235 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4853.2.5"]}

Eurhaphidophora pawangkhananti Dawwrueng, Gorochov & Suwannapoom, 2020 Zootaxa, 4853(2), 242. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:512057 Type locality: Thailand, Nan Province, Pua District, Doi Phu Kha at 900 m a.s.l. Distribution: Northern Thailand., Published as part of Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, Gorochov, Andrei V., Pinkaew, Nantasak & Vitheepradit, Akekawat, 2023, Review of the genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 (Orthoptera: Ensifera Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on page 359, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7906263, {"references":["Dawwrueng, P., Gorochov, A. V., Tanomtong, A. & Suwannapoom, C. (2020) Contribution to the knowledge of Rhaphidophorinae (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand: three genera Neorhaphidophora, Eurhaphidophora and Minirhaphidophora. Zootaxa, 4853 (2), 235 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4853.2.5"]}

Eurhaphidophora laosi Gorochov, 2010 Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 89(4), 807. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:478481 Type locality: Laos, Champasak Province, Bolaven plateau, 14 km SE of Muang Paxong, disturbed mountain forest of Ban Houayteuay at N 15˚ 4.655’, E 106 ˚ 16.848’, 1200 m a.s.l. Distribution: Southern Laos, Published as part of Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, Gorochov, Andrei V., Pinkaew, Nantasak & Vitheepradit, Akekawat, 2023, Review of the genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 (Orthoptera: Ensifera Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on page 358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7906263

Eurhaphidophora nataliae Gorochov, 1999 Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 78(1),72. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:23435 Type locality: Vietnam, Gia Lai Province, 40 km N of Kannack, Tram Lap Distribution : Central Vietnam, Published as part of Dawwrueng, Pattarawich, Gorochov, Andrei V., Pinkaew, Nantasak & Vitheepradit, Akekawat, 2023, Review of the genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999 (Orthoptera: Ensifera Rhaphidophoridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species, pp. 351-362 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on page 359, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7906263, {"references":["Gorochov, A. V. (1999) Material on the fauna and systematics of Stenopelmatoidea (Orthoptera) from Indochina and some other territories. II. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 78 (1), 60 - 78. [in Russian]"]}

Ten new karst cave-dwelling rhaphidophorids species of the subgenus Gymnaeta of the genus Tachycines are described from Guizhou Province, southern China; i.e., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) zhongisp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) jinniuisp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) shibenzhangisp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) lahaidensissp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) pinglangussp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) shanduensissp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) buyiisp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) portaesp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) ziyunensissp.nov., and Tachycines (Gymnaeta) jialiangensissp. nov. All specimens were collected from Guizhou Plateau.

Pristoceuthophilus cercalis Caudell, 1916 Pristoceuthophilus cercalis: Vickery & Kevan, 1983: 337; Haberski et al., 2021: 48. Remarks. In Alaska, this species has only been collected on Prince of Wales Island and is probably restricted to southeastern Alaska. It can be found under logs in dense forests. This species has also been reported from British Columbia, Alberta, Montana, Oregon, and Washington., Published as part of Storozhenko, Sergey Yu., 2023, Orthoptera of Northeast Asia and Northwest America, pp. 564-578 in Zootaxa 5264 (4) on page 566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7837186, {"references":["Vickery, V. R. & Kevan, D. K. M. (1983) A monograph of the Orthopteroid insects of Canada and adjacent regions. Vols. I - II. Memoir of Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory, 13, 1 - 1462.","Haberski, A., Woller, D. A. & Sikes, D. S. (2021) Orthoptera of Alaska: A photographic key, new records, and synonymy of Melanoplus gordonae. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 44, 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / cjai. 2021.44"]}

Tropidischia xanthostoma (Scudder, 1861) Tropidischia xanthostoma: Vickery & Kevan, 1983: 327; Haberski et al., 2021: 49. Remarks. In Alaska, this species was only found in a few southeastern islands situated along the coast of British Columbia. This species has also been reported from British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California., Published as part of Storozhenko, Sergey Yu., 2023, Orthoptera of Northeast Asia and Northwest America, pp. 564-578 in Zootaxa 5264 (4) on page 567, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7837186, {"references":["Vickery, V. R. & Kevan, D. K. M. (1983) A monograph of the Orthopteroid insects of Canada and adjacent regions. Vols. I - II. Memoir of Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory, 13, 1 - 1462.","Haberski, A., Woller, D. A. & Sikes, D. S. (2021) Orthoptera of Alaska: A photographic key, new records, and synonymy of Melanoplus gordonae. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 44, 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / cjai. 2021.44"]}

Tachycines asynamorous “Greenhouse camel cricket” Figures 65 (lateral), 66 (dorsal, ventral) Plates 41 (lateral), 42 (dorsal, ventral) A single camel cricket, Tachycines asynamorous, was scanned, but substantial fluid infilling of tracheae resulted in assessing homology of many branches difficult. Although of suboptimal quality, this specimen was included because of its placement within Orthoptera and the relative modifications of the mesothoracic tracheae, specifically how they relate to modifications for sound reception. Identifiable tracheae are labeled and described here but should be considered preliminary. Our mesothorax assessments differ from Ander (1939), particularly with H-DCT and H-VCT. Ander identifies most of the larger tracheae extending into head as multiple branches of H-VCT and the small branch as H-DCT, whereas we have determined the small dorsal branch is T 2-VB, the next ventral branch is H-DCT, followed by H-VCT, which does have a split into H-VCT and a smaller anterior trachea that has T 1- AL ventrad. DESCRIPTION: HEAD: T 1- DLT partially visible and likely extending into head capsule. H-DCT and H-VCT both thick, with dorsal-ventral connection likely but not visible. Several air spaces visible, likely preservational artifacts. H-VCT splits into two branches, large dorsal one and smaller ventral, which proceeds anteriorly with T 1- AL ventrad. THORAX: T 2- S with five branches: T 2-DB, T 2-VB, H-DCT, H-VCT, and T 1- PL. T 2-DB running dorsad and anteriad, extending into head capsule after broad curve along prothorax. H-DCT thick, extending anteriad through prothorax into head capsule. H-VCT splitting into two branches: large dorsal trachea, extending anteriad into head, and a smaller ventral branch, extending anteriad into head with T 1- AL ventrad. T 2-VC not visible but likely present; many ventral thoracic tracheae infilled with fluid. T 2-DB runs dorsad, with T 2- AL branching in hairpinlike turn ventrad into T 2- L. Remaining branches of T 2-DB not visible. T 2-VB partial, with T-shaped intersection with T 2- VLT. H-DCT and H-VCT both large, of similar size, extending into head as described above. T 1- PL running directly ventrad, partial, likely joining with T 1- AL but not visible in this scan. T 3- S branches largely infilled and difficult to differentiate, appearing to include: T 3-DB, T 3-VB, T 3-lvl, T 2- PL, and T 3-suf. T 3-DB partial, with T 3- AWL visible, leading to T 3- AL, dorsad before curving sharply ventrad and posteriorly into hind leg. T 3-VB running ventrad, joining with T 3- VLT. T 3-lvl extending mediad, joining with T 3- VLT, with small branch posteriad connecting with T 3- PL. T 3-suf partial, extending mediad and slightly anteriorly. T 3-VL possibly visible on specimen left side; T 3-VL likely present but infilled. ABDOMEN: A 1..8- S present. A 1- S modified from subsequent abdominal segments, with large ventral T 3- PL branch. A n -VB visible on most segments, leading to partially infilled A n - VLT. A n -DB likely present but infilled and not visible. A n - DLT likewise probably present but not visible, likely infilled. Several visceral tracheae present from all A n - S., Published as part of Herhold, Hollister W, Davis, Steven R, Degrey, Samuel P & Grimaldi, David A, 2023, COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE INSECT TRACHEAL SYSTEM PART 1: INTRODUCTION, APTERYGOTES, PALEOPTERA, POLYNEOPTERA, pp. 1-184 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 459 (1) on pages 1-184, DOI: 10.5531/sd.sp.55, http://zenodo.org/record/7730159, {"references":["Ander, K. 1939. Vergleichend-anatomische und phylogenetische Studien uber die Ensifera (Saltatoria). Opuscula Entomologica (supp. 2). Lund: Entomologiska sallskapet."]}

Dolichopoda apollinea Di Russo and Rampini sp. nov. (Figure 8) Type material Holotype J: Calabria, Pollino Massif, Cassano allo Ionio, Sant ̍ Angelo cave complex, 260 m asl., 14 December 2021, Di Russo and Rampini leg. (MZUR). Other material examined Same locality, date and collector as the holotype: 4J, 3♀, 1 nymph. Calabria, Pollino Massif, Cerchiara Calabra, Serra del Gufo cave, 15.06.2019 F. Larocca leg. 2 nymphs; Pollino Massif, S. Lorenzo Bellizzi, Conoide cave, 04.07.2019 F. Larocca leg. 1J; Pollino Massif, Francavilla Marittima, Caprio cave, 20.10.2019 F. Larocca leg. 1♀, 2 nymphs. Type locality The Sant̍ Angelo cave complex is a group of 16 more or less developed caves located at the base of the karst hill named ′il muraglione̍. Two of these, situated at 260 m asl, are more than 1000 m long (Larocca 2003). Etymology The name of the new taxon refers to the ancient appellation of the Pollino Massif as Apollo Mountain. Diagnosis The new taxon is different from the other Calabrian species in the smaller size of the males, the more squared lobes of the tenth tergum that are strongly haired, and the median process of the epiphallus characterised by a prominent carina extending from the base for more than half its length. On the contrary, the females appear quite similar to D. palpata and D. calabra in the shape of the subgenital plate and the denticulation of the inner valvae of the ovipositor. Description Male. Relatively small in size; not uniform in body colour, thorax and abdomen brownish dorsally while paler ventrally. Legs long, uniformly yellowish, with the posterior edge darker. Femora unarmed. Fore tibia armed with 5–6 spines on sides of the lower edge, 3/5 spines on the upper edge. Mid tibia with 5/7 short spines on both sides of the upper edge and 3/4 spines on the lower edge. The hind tibia is longer, with 19/21 spines of varying length on both sides of the upper edge and 3 homogeneous spines on the lower external edge. Tenth tergum with two almost squared lateral lobes, strongly haired (Figure 9 (a)). The lobes are separated by a large median depression holding two pronounced conical tubercles. The subgenital plate is globular and deeply incised in the middle; lateral lobes are triangular with two prominent cylindrical styli (Figures 9 (b,c)). The median process of the epiphallus is almost slender, with a triangular basis. In the middle, a prominent carina occurs from the basis to almost the second half of the total length. In lateral view it is uniformly curved. Narrow basal process with the anterior lobes more developed than the posterior ones (Figures 9 (d,e)). Plica dorsalis membrane semicircular in shape. Length (mm): body 15.00; pronotum 4.00; fore femur 15.00; mid femur 15.00; hind femur 24.00; fore tibia 17.00; mid tibia 18.00; hind tibia 30.00; hind tarsus 11.00; 1st article of hind tarsus 6.00. Female. Relatively larger than male (16–24 mm). Sternites VII, VIII and IX are well developed, showing a prominent posterior edge. Subgenital plate sclerotised, globular and semicircular (Figure 9 (f)). Ovipositor uniformly curved (12 mm) with the apex of the external valvae strongly acuminated and curved upward. The inferior valvae, with the base almost round, have 17–20 denticles (Figure 9 (g))., Published as part of Di Russo, Claudio, Allegrucci, Giuliana & Rampini, Mauro, 2023, Molecular and morphological analyses disclose the existence of three species of Dolichopoda (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) in the Calabria region (Italy), pp. 372-394 in Journal of Natural History 57 (5 - 8) on pages 382-387, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2186277, http://zenodo.org/record/7799738, {"references":["Larocca F. 2003 Grotte e voragini dal Monte Pollino alla Catena Costiera Larocca F (ed.). Calabria Profonda- Guida alla conoscenza del patrimonio sotterraneo regionale. Roseto Capo Spulico: Regione Calabria; p. 3 978 - 88 - 902744 - 4 - 2."]}

Herhold, Hollister W, Davis, Steven R, Degrey, Samuel P, Grimaldi, David A (2023): COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE INSECT TRACHEAL SYSTEM PART 1: INTRODUCTION, APTERYGOTES, PALEOPTERA, POLYNEOPTERA. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 459 (1): 1-184, DOI: 10.5531/sd.sp.55, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/sd.sp.55

Pseudotachycines guizhouensis Zhu & Shi, 2022 (Figs. 1–3) Pseudotachycines procerus guizhouensis Zhu, Wang, Zhou & Shi, 2022b. Insects, 13(7): 17. Description. Male. Body medium-sized (Figs. 1A–C). Vertex of head divided into two conical tubercles, bases of the well-developed tubercles slightly drawn together, obtusely rounded apices obviously separated (Figs. 1D, E). Eyes oval, protruding forward; ocelli visible (Figs. 1D, E). Anterior margin of pronotum straight, posterior margin obviously protruding caudad, ventral margin arc-shaped; posterior margin of mesonotum slightly protruding caudad; posterior margin of metanotum straight. Legs long and slender. Fore femur about 1.2 times longer than the pronotum, ventrally unarmed, internal genicular lobe with 1 small spine, external genicular lobe with 1 long spine; fore tibia ventrally with 2 inner spines and 2 outer spines, apex with 1 small outer spine on dorsal surface and 1 pair of long spines on ventral surface, between the paired ventral spines with 1 small spine. Middle femur ventrally unarmed, internal and external genicular lobes with 1 long spine respectively; middle tibia ventrally with 2 inner spines and 1 outer spine, apex with 1 pair of dorsal small spines and 1 pair of ventral long spines, between the paired ventral spines with 1 small spine. Hind femur ventrally with 1 inner spine and without outer spine; hind tibia dorsally with 54 inner spines and 47 outer spines, arrange in groups, ventral and dorsal surface with a pair of small subapical spines respectively, apex with 1 pair of long dorsal spines and 1 pair of long ventral spines; the longest dorso-apical spine obviously exceeding the dorsoapical spine of hind metatarsus (Fig. 1F). Hind metatarsus keeled beneath. Epiproct like the shape of tongue (Fig. 1G). Paraproct distinctly longer than the epiproct (Figs. 1G, H). Apexes of the paired dorsolateral lobes of male genitalia distinctly sclerotized; median lobe with distinct lateral sclerites; epiphallus of male genitalia small and indistinct (Figs. 2A, B). Female. General appearance similar to that of male (Figs. 3A–D), but hind femur ventrally with 3 inner spines. Ovipositor about half the length of hind femur; base of ovipositor slightly broad, narrowing to apex; apex pointed and slightly curved upwards; almost indistinct denticles on ventral edge of distal part of inferior valves (Fig. 3E). Subgenital plate nearly triangular (Fig. 3F). Coloration. All tergites dorsally blackish brown; rest of body light brown. Femora of all legs light brown with dark brown stripes; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Material examined. Holotype: 1♁, Tianba Town, Fenggang County, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 26.VIII.2021, coll. Bing Li, Ben Hong, Kesong Yin. Paratypes: 1♀, same data as the holotype. Measurements (mm). Body: ♁15.53, ♀ 17.66; pronotum: ♁6.36, ♀ 6.63; fore femur: ♁7.38, ♀ 8.82; hind femur: ♁17.21, ♀ 22.03; hind tarsus: ♁5.66, ♀ 8.32; ovipositor: ♀ 11.00. Distribution. China (Guizhou). Discussion. The species Pseudotachycines guizhouensis is rather similar to Pseudotachycines procerus, but can be distinguished from the latter by several morphological characters. First, the shape of the sclerotized part of the dorsal lateral lobe of male genitalia is different between P. guizhouensis and P. procerus. Second, the female subgenital plate of P. guizhouensis is triangular, but in P. procerus, the female subgenital plate is quadrangular. Third, the number of the inner spines on the hind femur of P. guizhouensis is lower than that in P. procerus.

Tachycines (Tachycines) nigrocorporis sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2) Description. Male. Body large-sized (Figs. 1A–C). Vertex of head divided into two conical tubercles, bases of the well-developed tubercles drawn together, obtusely rounded apices separated (Fig. 1D). Eyes oval, protruding forward; median ocellus distinct, situated between antennal sockets (Fig. 1D). Anterior margin of pronotum straight, posterior margin slightly protruding backward, ventral margin arcshaped; posterior margin of mesonotum distinctly protruding backward; posterior margin of metanotum slightly protruding backward (Fig. 1E). Legs long and slender; coxae with small medial projections.Fore femur about 1.8 times longer than the pronotum, ventrally unarmed, internal genicular lobe with 1 long spine, external genicular lobe with 1 small spine; fore tibia ventrally with 2–3 inner spines and 1 outer spine, apex with 1 small outer spine on dorsal surface and 1 pair of long spines on ventral surface, between the paired ventral spines with 1 small spine. Middle femur ventrally unarmed, internal and external genicular lobes with 1 long spine respectively; middle tibia ventrally with 1 inner spine and 1 outer spine, apex with 1 pair of dorsal spines and 1 pair of ventral spines, between the paired ventral spines with 1 small spine. Hind femur ventrally with 3–4 inner spines and without outer spine; hind tibia dorsally with 64–66 inner spines and 61–64 outer spines, arrange in groups, ventral and dorsal surface with a pair of small sub-apical spines respectively, apex with 1 pair of long dorsal spines and 1 pair of long ventral spines; the longest dorso-apical spine not exceeding the dorso-apical spine of hind metatarsus (Fig. 1F). Hind metatarsus keeled beneath (Fig. 1F). Epiphallus of male genitalia rectangular and with many denticles on surface, the anterior angles of epiphallus slightly extended, the posterior angles obviously extended and elongated; median lobe of genitalia with 2 pairs of apical lobules and distinct lateral sclerites, dorsal surface with 1 large triangular sclerite; membranous ventral lateral lobes of genitalia slightly longer than dorsal ones (Figs. 1G, H). Female. General appearance similar to that of male (Figs. 2A–C), but hind femur ventrally with 4–5 inner spines. Ovipositor shorter than half the length of hind femur; base of ovipositor broad, narrowing to apex; apex pointed and slightly curved upwards; almost indistinct denticles on ventral edge of distal part of inferior valves (Fig. 2D). Subgenital plate rather small, with hind margin rounded (Fig. 2E). Coloration. Body uniformly black without distinct stripes. Face light brown with 2 black longitudinal stripes under eyes and antennas; antennal flagellum yellowish-brown. Legs brown with black stripes. Material examined. Holotype: 1♂, Tianba Town, Fenggang County, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 21.IX.2021, coll. Ben Hong, Bing Li, Kesong Yin. Paratypes: 1♂, 2♀, same data as the holotype. Measurements (mm). Body: ♂ 25.21–30.31, ♀ 26.52–27.04; pronotum: ♂ 7.99–8.08, ♀ 7.91–8.30; fore femur: ♂ 12.95–15.45, ♀ 14.90–15.15; hind femur: ♂ 28.42–28.61, ♀ 29.61–30.50; hind tarsus: ♂ 10.65–12.24, ♀ 11.76– 11.97; ovipositor: ♀ 10.70–12.38. Distribution. China (Guizhou). Discussion. This new species is unique in the subgenus Tachycines (Tachycines) due to the following character of male genitalia: the dorsal surface of the median lobe with 1 large triangular sclerite. This morphological feature of male genitalia can be applied to distinguish this new species from all other species of Tachycines (Tachycines). Etymology. The name of the new species refers to the black coloration of the body., Published as part of Hong, Ben, Huang, Shihui & Luo, Changqing, 2022, Description of a new species of the subgenus Tachycines (Tachycines) (Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae: Aemodogryllini) from Guizhou, China, pp. 497-500 in Zootaxa 5209 (4) on pages 498-499, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.4.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7333999

In this paper, four new cave-dwelling species of the subgenus Tachycines (Gymnaeta) from Guangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi are described, i.e., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) quadratus sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) shiziensis sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) sparsispinus sp. nov. and Tachycines (Gymnaeta) papilious sp. nov. The female of Tachycines (Gymnaeta) liboensis Zhu, Chen & Shi, 2020 is recorded for the first time. Moreover, images illustrating the morphology of the four new and three previously described species are provided.

Megatachycines rectangularis sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) Description. Male. Body medium sized (Figs. 1A–C). Vertex of head divided into two conical tubercles, bases of the well-developed tubercles slightly drawn together, obtusely rounded apices obviously separated (Figs. 1D, E). Eyes oval, protruding forward (Figs. 1D, E). Anterior margin of pronotum straight, posterior margin protruding caudad, ventral margin arc-shaped; posterior margin of mesonotum protruding caudad; posterior margin of metanotum slightly protruding caudad. Legs long and slender. Fore femur about 1.6 times longer than the pronotum, ventrally unarmed, internal genicular lobe with 1 small spine, external genicular lobe with 1 long spine; fore tibia ventrally with 2 inner spines and 2 outer spines, apex with 1 pair of small spines on dorsal surface and 1 pair of long spines on ventral surface, between the paired ventral spines with 1 small spine. Middle femur ventrally unarmed, internal and external genicular lobes with 1 long spine respectively; middle tibiae ventrally with 1–2 inner spines and 1 outer spine, apex with 1 pair of small spines on dorsal surface and 1 pair of long spines on ventral surface, between the paired ventral spines with 1 small spine. Hind femur ventrally with 5–8 inner spines and without outer spine; hind tibia dorsally with 59–62 inner spines and 59–68 outer spines, arrange in groups, ventral and dorsal surface with a pair of small sub-apical spines respectively, apex with 1 pair of long dorsal spines and 1 pair of long ventral spines; the longest dorso-apical spine reaching the apex of the dorso-apical spine of hind metatarsus (Fig. 1F). Hind metatarsus keeled beneath. Well-developed epiproct extending backwards and nearly rectangular, posterior margin of epiproct rounded (Fig. 1G). Paraproct shorter than epiproct (Fig. 1H). Dorsolateral lobes of male genitalia distinctly sclerotized, basal part with a large projection; apex of median lobe with 1 pair of dorsal lobules and 2 pairs of ventral lobules; epiphallus of male genitalia like the shape of ligule-like, rather small (Figs. 2A, B). Male subgenital plate bilobed in the apical area. Female. General appearance similar to that of male (Figs. 3A–C), but the fore femur of some female specimens ventrally with 1 spine, and hind femur ventrally with 7–8 inner spines. Ovipositor about half the length of hind femur; base of ovipositor broad, narrowing to apex; apex pointed and slightly curved upwards; almost indistinct denticles on ventral edge of distal part of inferior valves (Fig. 3D). Subgenital plate nearly triangular and with a projection in the middle part of hind margin (Fig. 3E). Coloration. Body yellowish brown, mottled with dark brown and black stripes. The apex of the two conical tubercles black. Face with four indistinct longitudinal stripes. All legs with dark brown annular stripes, hind femora with irregular brown stripes. Material examined. Holotype: 1♂, Honghua Village, Yuping Dong Autonomous County, Tongren City, Guizhou Province, 26.IX.2021, coll. Ben Hong. Paratypes: 2♂, 4♀, same data as the holotype. Measurements (mm). Body: ♂ 15.79–16.20, ♀ 15.55–16.52; pronotum: ♂ 5.09–5.11, ♀ 6.17–6.43; fore femur: ♂ 7.99–8.57, ♀ 9.18–9.45; hind femur: ♂ 17.34–17.35, ♀ 19.17–19.59; ovipositor: ♀ 9.45–10.12. Distribution. China (Guizhou). Discussion. This new species is similar to Megatachycines elongatus (Qin, Liu & Li, 2017) in the morphology of the lateral lobes of male genitalia, but can be distinguished from the latter in several respects. First, the shape of the epiproct of male and the shape of the subgenital plate of female are different between these two species. Second, the number of spines on the hind tibiae of this new species is slightly lower than that in Megatachycines elongatus (Qin, Liu & Li, 2017). Third, the coloration of the body is obviously different between the two species. Etymology. The name of the new species refers to the shape of the male epiproct., Published as part of Yin, Kesong, Xiao, Yunxue & Luo, Changqing, 2022, A new species of the genus Megatachycines (Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae Aemodogryllini) from Guizhou, China, pp. 246-250 in Zootaxa 5154 (2) on pages 247-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/6641471, {"references":["Qin, Y. Y., Liu, X. W. & Li, K. (2017) Review of the genus Microtachycines Gorochov with two new species (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae, Aemodogryllinae) from China. Zootaxa, 4216 (6), 596 - 600. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4216.6.6"]}

We record Dolichopoda lustriae Rampini & Di Russo, 2008 (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Rhaphidophoridae) from the Pindus mountain range in Epirus, Greece, more than 200 km to the north of the type locality in Aetolia-Acarnania. We show that this species has an unusually broad distribution for a Balkan cave cricket, and can also live independently of caves, instead inhabiting the crevices of large rock formations. We found D. lustriae to be sympatric with Troglophilus zorae Karaman & Pavićević, 2011, whose presence in Greece is recorded for the first time in this study. We provide high-quality photographs of the habitus and genitalia of D. lustriae and re-describe its morphology. Detailed information about the habitat, behaviour of the D. lustriae is also provided, and possible measures for its conservation are suggested.

Three species belonging to the genus Dolichopoda (Orthoptera; Rhaphidopohoridae) are known so far from the Peloponnese, all endemic to the area. In particular, D. matsakisi is known from two mountains in the North, while D. dalensi is present in the east region. The third species, D. unicolor, is distributed in the southern part of the Peloponnese, inhabiting caves on Mt Taygetos and Mani Peninsula. Recently, extensive sampling work in most of the Peloponnese has led to the discovery of new taxa, morphologically differentiated by the above three known species. To investigate the delimitation of the Peloponnesian species of Dolichopoda, we performed both morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological analysis was carried out by considering diagnostic characters generally used to distinguish different taxa, as the shape of epiphallus in males and the subgenital plate in females. Molecular analysis was performed by sequencing three mitochondrial genes, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and COI, and one nuclear gene, 28S rRNA. Results from both morphological and molecular analyses were used to revise the taxonomic arrangement of the Peloponnesian species. On the whole, we were able to distinguish seven lineages of Peloponnesian Dolichopoda species, of which D. kofinasi n.sp., D.epidavrii n.sp., D. poseidonica n.sp., and D. propanti n.sp. are described as new species. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:857875CB-22B9-4CFC-9B7F-3FDDFC47A4E6

Microtachycines tamdaonensis Gorochov, 1992 Fig. 1 Microtachycines tamdaonensis Gorochov & Storozhenko, 1992: 29. Material examined Holotype VIETNAM • ♂; Vinh Phuc Province, Tamdao; 9–18 Nov. 1990; A.V. Gorochov leg.; ZIN. Paratype VIETNAM • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; ZIN. Distribution Vietnam (Tamdao). Remarks We examined the type specimens of Microtachycines tamdaonensis in ZIN and discussed with Dr A.V. Gorochov. We are sure that the male tenth abdominal tergite has a large outgrowth in the middle and the male epiproct is semicircular. Moreover, we examined the type specimens of M. elongatus and M. trispinosus in SEMCAS. All abdominal tergites of the two species have no outgrowths, but they have an extended epiproct. Therefore, we establish a new genus, Megatachycines gen. nov., and transfer M. elongatus and M. trispinosus to it.

Genus Megatachycines gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C46D40D4-C6B3-4B4A-988A-FD485EF01907 Type species Megatachycines pentus gen. et sp. nov., here designated. Diagnosis Body medium-sized for Aemodogryllini. Hind femur with inner spines on ventral surface. Male abdominal tergites without any processes. Male epiproct extended backward, distinctly longer than paraproct, quadrangular or pentagonal. Male paraproct slightly enlarged. Dorso-lateral lobes of male genitalia distinctly sclerotized. Male subgenital plate bilobed in the apical area. Female abdominal tergites without outgrowth. Remarks The new genus can easily be distinguished from other known genera of Aemodogryllini by the shapes of the male epiproct, dorso-lateral lobes of the male genitalia, and the male subgenital plate.

Megatachycines trispinosus (Qin & Li, 2020) comb. nov. Figs 4, 5E–F Microtachycines trispinosus Qin, Liu & Li, 2020: 575. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Jiangxi Prov., Sanqingshan; 27 Jul. 2019; X.W. Liu, H.Q. Wang and Y.Y. Qin leg.; SEMCAS. Paratype CHINA • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; SEMCAS. Other material CHINA • 1 ♂; Jiangxi Prov., Lushan, Dayueshan; 3 Aug. 2018; T. Wang leg.; HBU. Distribution China (Jiangxi)., Published as part of Zhu, Qi-Di, Shi, Fu-Ming & Zhou, Zhi-Jun, 2022, Notes on the genus Microtachycines Gorochov, 1992 and establishment of a new genus from China (Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae), pp. 1-10 in European Journal of Taxonomy 817 on page 9, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.817.1757, http://zenodo.org/record/6517863, {"references":["Qin Y. Y., Liu X. W. & Li K. 2020. Remarks on genus Microtachycines Gorochov, 1992 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae) from China. Zootaxa 4801 (3): 570 - 576. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4801.3.9"]}

Megatachycines pentus gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F6759369-13C7-49F8-8652-9D554EBCBA23 Figs 2, 5A–B Diagnosis The new species is characterized by the shapes of the male epiproct and genitalia. Male epiproct pentagonal with concave posterior margin and dorsal sclerite of male genitalia stilliform. Etymology The name of the new species derives from the Greek word ‘ pent ’ (‘pentagonal’), referring to the male epiproct being pentagonal. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Chongqing, Wushan, Dangyang; 3 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang leg.; HBU. Paratypes CHINA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; HBU • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Chongqing, Wushan, Zhuxian; 19 Jul. 2021; L.Y. Wang leg.; HBU. Other Material CHINA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Chongqing, Wushan, Zhuxian; 18 Jul. 2021; L.Y. Wang leg.; HBU. Description BODY. Medium-sized. HEAD. Fastigium verticis with two conical tubercles, apices obtusely rounded, pointing forward (Fig. 2C). Eyes ovoid, protruding forward; median ocellus oval, located between antennal sockets; lateral ocelli circular, situated on lateral margins of basal fastigium verticis (Fig. 2A–B). Apical segment of maxillary palpus distinctly longer than subapical segment, apex inflated, globular. THORAX. Pronotum long, anterior margin straight, posterior margin arcuate; lateral lobe longer than high, ventral margin arc-shaped (Fig. 2B–C). Mesonotum and metanotum short, posterior margin of mesonotum arcuate, posterior margin of metanotum straight. Fore coxa with one small spine; inner margin of fore femur with 11–12 spines on ventral surface, internal genicular lobe with one small spine, external genicular lobe with one long spine; fore tibia with one inner spine and two outer spines on ventral surface, apex with one pair of dorsal spines and one pair of ventral spines, between paired ventral spines with one small spine. Middle femur unarmed on ventral surface, internal and external genicular lobes each with one long spine; middle tibia with one inner spine and one outer spine on ventral surface, apex with one pair of dorsal spines and one pair of ventral spines, between paired ventral spines with one small spine. Hind femur with 7–10 inner spines on ventral surface, internal genicular lobe with one spine, external genicular lobe unarmed; hind tibia with 72–83 inner spines and 70–80 outer spines on dorsal surface, with one pair of dorsal spines in subapical area, and at apex with one pair of dorsal spines and two pairs of ventral spines, interno-dorsal spine markedly longer than hind basitarsus; hind basitarsus with one apical spine on dorsal surface. MALE ABDOMEN. Posterior margins of all abdominal tergites without processes. Epiproct extended, pentagonal, posterior margin concave; paraproct simple, quadrangular in lateral view (Fig. 2D–E). Cercus slender, conical, apex acute (Fig. 2D). Dorsal sclerite of genitalia stilliform; dorso-lateral lobes distinctly sclerotized (Fig. 5A–B). Subgenital plate transverse and broad, apical area bilobed (Fig. 2F). FEMALE ABDOMEN. Ovipositor longer than half length of hind femur, slightly curved upward. Subgenital plate nearly trapezoid, basal area broad, narrowing to apex, posterior margin with a concavity. COLORATION. Body light brown, with black spots. Face with four longtudinal black stripes, inner margin of antennal socket black. Eyes black, ocelli yelow. All femora with two black rings. Measurements (mm) Body length: ♂: 19.46–23.38, ♀: 18.32–22.60; length of pronotum: ♂: 7.00–8.08, ♀: 8.32–8.62; length of fore femur: ♂: 11.58–13.60, ♀: 13.02–13.16; length of hind femur: ♂: 23.20–27.40, ♀: 26.08– 27.56; length of hind tibia: ♂: 26.00–30.00, ♀: 27.66–30.12; length of hind basitarsus: ♂: 4.64–6.08, ♀: 5.28–5.84; length of ovipositor: 17.46–18.36. Distribution China (Chongqing)., Published as part of Zhu, Qi-Di, Shi, Fu-Ming & Zhou, Zhi-Jun, 2022, Notes on the genus Microtachycines Gorochov, 1992 and establishment of a new genus from China (Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae), pp. 1-10 in European Journal of Taxonomy 817 on pages 4-7, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.817.1757, http://zenodo.org/record/6517863

Megatachycines elongatus (Qin, Liu & Li, 2017) comb. nov. Figs 3, 5C–D Microtachycines elongatus Qin, Liu & Li, 2017a: 597. Microtachycines fallax, Qin, Liu & Li 2017a: 600. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Zhejiang Prov., Lin’an, Qingliangfeng; alt. 1000 m; 20 Jul. 2009; Feng & Yin leg.; SEMCAS. Paratypes CHINA • 1♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; SEMCAS. Other material CHINA – Zhejiang Prov. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Lin’an, Qingliangfeng; 4 Oct. 2019; Q.D. Zhu leg.; HBU • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Kaihua, Gutianshan; 8 Oct. 2018; T. Wang leg.; HBU. – Anhui Prov. • 1 ♂, 7 ♀♀; Yuexi, Yaoluoping; 18 Sep. 2019; T. Wang leg.; HBU • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Huangshan, Tangkou; 16 Sep. 2019; Y.Q. Li eg.; HBU. – Jiangxi Prov. • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Lushan, Guling; 7 Aug. 2018; T. Wang leg.; HBU. – Hubei Prov. • 7 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Shennongjia; 11 Aug. 2018; P. Wang leg.; HBU • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Xianning, Jiugongshan; 2 Aug. 2021; Q.D. Zhu leg.; HBU. – Hunan Prov. • 1 ♂; Shimen, Hupingshan; 14 Aug. 2018; T. Wang leg.; HBU. – Chongqing Municipality • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Wushan, Zhuxian; 17 Jul. 2021; L.Y. Wang leg.; HBU. Distribution China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang).

Genus Microtachycines Gorochov, 1992 Type species Microtachycines tamdaonensis Gorochov, 1992, by original designation. Diagnosis Fastigium verticis with well separated tubercles. Male tenth abdominal tergite with large outgrowth in the middle, which forms a bifurcated plate in the apical area. Dorso-lateral lobes of male genitalia semi-sclerotized, apical areas with distinctly sclerotized hooks. Female tenth abdominal tergite with outgrowth., Published as part of Zhu, Qi-Di, Shi, Fu-Ming & Zhou, Zhi-Jun, 2022, Notes on the genus Microtachycines Gorochov, 1992 and establishment of a new genus from China (Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae), pp. 1-10 in European Journal of Taxonomy 817 on page 2, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.817.1757, http://zenodo.org/record/6517863, {"references":["Gorochov A. V. & Storozhenko S. Yu. 1992. On the fauna of the subfamily Aemodogryllinae (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae) in Vietnam. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 245: 17 - 34."]}

Pharmacus cochleatus cochleatus (Karny, 1935) comb. nov. Figs 1–2, 5–6, 8D, 9B, 10D–E, 12D–F, 14C–D, 16A–C, 18B Isoplectron cochleatum Karny, 1935: 383–385, fig. 44. Pharmacus chapmanae Richards, 1972: 158–160, fig. 2. Syn. nov. Pharmacus chapmanae – Chinn & Chinn 2020: 361–389. Pharmacus brewsterensis – Chinn & Chinn 2020: fig. 4d. Diagnosis A mid-sized cave wētā found in the Southern Alps from Aoraki/Mt Cook south to the Dart River and east into Central Otago, at elevations greater than 1200 m. Body colour varies from chequered yellow/black to all black. Dorsal surfaces may be covered in fine tomentum, giving the insect a matt appearance, or glabrous, giving the insect a shiny appearance. The latter trait is more common at the northern end of the species’ distribution range. At the northern end of its distribution range, P. cochleatus cochleatus overlaps with P. montanus and can easily be confused with the latter, especially at the higher elevations, where both insects are entirely black. The most reliable trait to differentiate the two species is the presence of dorsal spines on the first hind tarsus segment in P. cochleatus. Across much of its range, P. cochleatus cochleatus overlaps with either Notoplectron brewsterense comb. nov. or with Talitropsis chopardi (Karny, 1937) east of the Main Divide of the Southern Alps. Both of the latter two species have lighter colour, shorter legs with fewer spines on the hind tibiae and no dorsal spines on the first hind tarsus segment. Etymology ‘ Cŏchlĕăr ’ is Latin for ‘spoon’. ‘ Cochleatus ’ means ‘equipped with a spoon’ – after the shape of the male subgenital plate. Material examined (see also Supp. file 1: Table S2 and Fig. S4) Holotype NEW ZEALAND • ♂, adult; locality unknown; 1876; H. Filhol leg.; MNHN EO-ENSIF4926. Paratype NEW ZEALAND • 1 ♂, adult; same collection data as for holotype; MNHN EO-ENSIF4928. Other material NEW ZEALAND – Otago Lakes / Westland (OL/WD) • 1 ♂, holotype of Pharmacus chapmanae; Bevan Col, Matukituki Valley; 44.393° S, 168.689° E; 1850 m a.s.l.; Dec. 1958; M.A. Chapman leg.; OMNZ IV7927 (prev. OMNZ A70:6) • 1 ♀, allotype of Pharmacus chapmanae; same collection data as for preceding; OMNZ IV7924 (prev. OMNZ A70:8) • 1 ♂; Bevan Col, Matukituki Valley; 44.39424° S, 168.68760° E; 1850 m a.s.l.; 29 Jan. 2021; D. Hegg leg.; rock bluffs; night search + insect net; GenBank: OM293736; MPN CW5179 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW5178, CW5180. – Westland (WD) • 1 ♀; Topheavy, Mt Brewster, Haast Pass; 44.06548° S, 169.42843° E; 2000 m a.s.l.; 18 Feb. 2017; D. Hegg leg.; on rocky ridge above glacier; night search; GenBank: OM293694; MPN CW3322 • 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW3277, CW3279 to CW3282, CW3324, CW3325. – Otago Lakes (OL) • 1 ♀; Luna Basin, Major Peak, Wakatipu; 44.92490° S, 168.47476° E; 1470 m a.s.l.; 9 Apr. 2016; D. Hegg leg.; on large rocks in alpine basin; night search; GenBank: OM293686; MPN CW2985 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW2979, CW2981, CW2999, CW3000 • 1 nymph; Coronet Peak, Queenstown; 44.91774° S, 168.73423° E; 1540 m a.s.l.; 18 Jan. 2019; D. Hegg leg.; on rock formations; night search + insect net; GenBank: OM293709; MPN CW4288 • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW4414 to CW4418, CW4432 to CW4434 • 1 ♀; Lochnagar, Richardson Mountains; 44.59627° S, 168.56400° E; 2080 m a.s.l.; 21 Sep. 2019; D. Hegg leg.; on rocks on side of snow couloir; casual find while climbing; GenBank: OM293726; MPN CW4590 • 1 ♂; Sentinel Peak, Lake Hāwea; 44.41029° S, 169.24003° E; 1580 m a.s.l.; 5 Dec. 2020; D. Hegg leg.; on rocky ridge; night search + insect net; GenBank: OM293731; MPN CW5134 • 2 ♂♂, 2 nymphs; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW5132, CW5133, CW5135, CW5136 • 2 ♂♂; Earnslaw Burn; 44.67482° S, 168.39371° E; 1280 m a.s.l.; 13 Nov. 2020; D. Hegg leg.; on rocky ridge and cliffs; night search + insect net; GenBank: OM293733, OM293734; MPN CW5149, CW5150 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 nymphs; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW5151 to CW5154 • 1 ♀; Roys Peak, Wānaka; 44.69477° S, 169.04644° E; 1500 m a.s.l.; 19 Nov. 2020; D. Hegg leg.; rock bluffs; night search + insect net; GenBank: OM293732; MPN CW5137 • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 nymphs; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW5138 to CW5144, CW5147, CW5148 • 1 ♀, 1 nymph; below Bevan Col, Matukituki Valley; 44.39546° S, 168.68503° E; 1750 m a.s.l.; 29 Jan. 2021; D. Hegg leg.; rock slabs; casual find while climbing; MPN CW5181, CW5182 • 1 nymph; Turret Head, Earnslaw Burn; 44.65757° S, 168.37977° E; 2300 m a.s.l.; 2 Feb. 2021; D. Hegg leg.; rocky ridge; casual find while climbing; GenBank: OM293735; MPN CW5176 • 1 nymph; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW5175 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 nymph; Turret Head, Earnslaw Burn; 44.65681° S, 168.38646° E; 2100 m a.s.l.; 2 Feb. 2020; D. Hegg leg.; rock bluffs; night search + insect net; MPN CW5244 to CW5247, CW5177 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 5 nymphs; Albertburn Saddle, East Matukituki; 44.39752° S, 168.87310° E; 1600 m a.s.l.; 5 Feb. 2021; D. Hegg leg.; rock bluffs; night search + insect net; MPN CW5170 to CW5174, CW5238 to CW5240 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; East Matukituki / Albertburn divide; 44.36994° S, 168.8887° E; 1830 m a.s.l.; 6 Feb. 2021; D. Hegg leg.; rock bluffs; night search + insect net; MPN CW5241 to CW5243 • 2 ♀♀; French Ridge, West Matukituki; 44.42520° S, 168.69874° E; 1800 m a.s.l.; 20 Feb. 2021; D. Hegg leg.; rocky ridge; night search + insect net; MPN CW5207, CW5208. – Central Otago (CO) • 1 ♂; Mt Pisa, Pisa Range; 44.88278° S, 169.19500° E; 1650 m a.s.l.; 27 Feb. 2018; D. Hegg leg.; on tor; night search + insect net; GenBank: OM293705; MPN CW3831 • 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 2 nymphs; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW3795 to CW3797, CW3828 to CW3830, CW3847 to CW3851. – Mackenzie (MK) • 1 ♀; Dasler Pinnacles, Naumann Range; 43.95237° S, 169.86241° E; 1800 m a.s.l.; 14 Jan. 2017; D. Hegg leg.; on rock bluffs; night search; GenBank: OM293691; MPN CW3284 • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW3283, CW3285, CW3296 • 1 ♂; Mt Edgar Thomson, Ben Ōhau Range; 43.78252° S, 170.05561° E; 2350 m a.s.l.; 28 Jan. 2017; D. Hegg leg.; on mixed rock and snow ridge; casual find while climbing; GenBank: OM293690; MPN CW3278. Description MEASUREMENTS. See Table 1. HEAD. As per generic description. Eyes dark. Specimens living above the permanent snowline are entirely black. This includes all head parts that are usually pale otherwise, e.g., maxillary palps and antennae. THORAX. As per generic description. LEGS. Notably shorter than in P. montanus. The hind tibiae are approx. 10% shorter than the body in both males and females. Fore femora always unarmed at the apex. Mid femora armed with one retrolateral spine at the apex; prolateral apical spine absent. The first hind tarsus segment is armed with a variable number of linear spines above (up to nine); the second hind tarsus segment is only rarely armed with dorsal linear spines. The first tarsal segment on all six legs is pale at times, but not always; the insect can be entirely black (Fig. 14D). ABDOMEN. Tergites tomentose or glabrous; the latter trait appears to be more common in the northern half of the range. A thin, pale median line along the whole length of the insect may or may not be present. The colour of the tergites is mostly chequered yellow/black or light grey-brown/black at the lower elevations (Fig. 14C), transitioning to mostly black (Fig. 8D) or all black (Fig. 14D) at the higher elevations, especially above the permanent snow-line. MALE TERMINALIA. Subgenital plate an isosceles triangle with very rounded corners and a spoon on the vertex; keeled and mostly glabrous, with some sparse hair near the edges; shallow when seen from the side. In a dorsal view, only the spoon is visible, protruding beyond the paraprocts; these are covered in short, dense bristles (Fig. 10D–F). FEMALE TERMINALIA. Subgenital plate bilobed, the two rounded lobes short, broad, and asymmetrical, with a wide gap in between; very hairy (Fig. 12D). Ovipositor on average 70% of body length, only very gently curving upwards; lower valve with 5 to 9 strong teeth below at the apex (Fig. 12E–F)., Published as part of Hegg, Danilo, Morgan-Richards, Mary & Trewick, Steven A., 2022, High alpine sorcerers: revision of the cave wētā genus Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Macropathinae), with the description of six new species and three new subspecies, pp. 1-58 in European Journal of Taxonomy 808 (1) on pages 26-30, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.808.1721, http://zenodo.org/record/6419368, {"references":["Karny H. 1935. Die Gryllacrididen des Pariser Museum und der Collection L. Chopard. Eos 10 (3 - 4): 383 - 385.","Richards A. M. 1972. Revision of the Rhaphidophoridae (Orthoptera) of New Zealand- Part XIV. Three alpine genera from the South Island. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 2 (2): 151 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03036758.1972.10429371","Chinn W. G. H. & Chinn T. J. H. 2020. Tracking the snow line: responses to climate change by New Zealand alpine invertebrates. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 52 (1): 361 - 389. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 15230430.2020.1773033","Pictet A. & de Saussure H. 1893. De quelques orthopteres nouveaux. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 8: 293 - 318."]}

Pharmacus montanus Pictet & de Saussure, 1893 Figs 1–3, 4F–G, I, K, 7, 8A–B, 9A, 10A–C, 12A–C, 14A–B, 16A, 18A Pharmacus montanus Pictet & de Saussure, 1893: 302–303, pl. I fig. 5–5c. Pharmacus dumbletoni Richards, 1972: 161–162, fig. 4. Syn. nov. Pharmacus montanus – Hutton 1896: 239. — Richards 1972: 156–158, fig. 1. Diagnosis A mid-sized cave wētā found in the Southern Alps from the Ben Ōhau Range northwards, at elevations greater than 1200 m. Body colour varies from marbled brown to black, generally with a thin but well visible median dorsal line along the whole length of the animal, and pale first tarsal segments. The pronotum and tergites are always covered in fine tomentum, giving the animal a matt appearance. At the southern end of its distribution range, Pharmacus montanus overlaps with P. cochleatus comb. nov. and could be easily confused with the latter, especially at the higher elevations, where both insects are black. P. cochleatus is often glabrous and shiny in appearance and has first segment of the hind tarsi armed with dorsal linear spines, which are absent in P. montanus. On the higher mountain tops east of the Main Divide of the Southern Alps, P. montanus shares the habitat with Petrotettix serratus Richards, 1972. The latter species is often dark with pale tarsi like P. montanus but has dorsal linear spines on the first two segments of the hind tarsi, and a serrated upper valve of the ovipositor. In the alpine regions around Mt Cook, P. montanus forms mixed populations with Notoplectron brewsterense comb. nov. The latter is yellow-orange in colour, has a stocky appearance due to its shorter legs, and has fewer, larger dorsal linear spines on the hind tibiae. See also Fig. 4 for a comparison between the two species. At the northern end of its distribution range in Kahurangi National Park, P. montanus is uniform brown and shares the habitat with Macropathus filifer, which is also brown. The latter species however has much longer legs, which give it a very slender appearance. Etymology ‘ Pharmăcus montānus ’ is Latin for ‘mountain sorcerer’ – an inspired name for Pictet’s and de Saussure’s (1893) “entirely black insect”. In common English, P. montanus is also known as ‘Mount Cook flea’. The name is explained by the insect’s “reprehensible habit of leaping in showers out of a crevice in the rock upon the unsuspecting climber” (Dumbleton 1935), and is still in common use today. Material examined (see also Supp. file 1: Table S1 and Figs S2–3) Holotype NEW ZEALAND • ♂, adult; Mackenzie (MK), Mt Cook region; 43.75° S, 170.06° E; 2100 m a.s.l.; date unknown; G. Mannering leg.; MHNG ARTO-24289. Other material NEW ZEALAND – Mackenzie (MK) • 1 ♀; Mt Annette, Sealy Range; 43.75129° S, 170.06210° E; 2200 m a.s.l.; 25 Feb. 2017; D. Hegg leg.; summit rocks, above glacier; night search; GenBank: OM293693; MPN CW3303 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW3302, CW3323 • 1 ♂; Mueller Hut Track, Sealy Range; 43.71504° S, 170.06982° E; 1500 m a.s.l.; 24 Feb. 2017; D. Hegg leg.; under large boulder; night search + insect net; GenBank: OM293692; MPN CW3300 • 3 ♂♂, 2 nymphs; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW3299, CW3532 to CW3535 • 1 nymph; Mt Wakefield, Mount Cook Range; 43.70707° S, 170.12170° E; 1660 m a.s.l.; 18 Mar. 2017; D. Hegg leg.; on rock bluffs; night search + insect net; GenBank: OM293695; MPN CW3330 • 4 ♀♀, 1 nymph; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW3331, CW3406, CW3660 to CW3662 • 1 ♀, 1 nymph; Mt Wakefield, Mt Cook Range; 43.71989° S, 170.12771° E; 1750 m a.s.l.; 13 May 2017; D. Hegg leg.; on rocky ridge; night search + insect net; MPN CW3516, CW3699 • 1 nymph; Mt Dark, Ben Ōhau Range; 43.87117° S, 170.04536° E; 1800 m a.s.l.; 17 May 2020; D. Hegg leg.; under boulder on scree slope; casual find while climbing; GenBank: OM293728; MPN CW4876 • 1 nymph; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW4875. – North Canterbury/Westland (NC/WD) • 1 nymph; Lake Anna, Mt Franklin, Arthur’s Pass; 42.87567° S, 171.65048° E; 1720 m a.s.l.; 23 Dec. 2017; D. Hegg leg.; on rock bluffs; night search; GenBank: OM293702; MPN CW3650 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW3988, CW3989. – Buller (BR) • 1 ♂, holotype of P. dumbletoni; Mount Mahanga, Spenser Mountains; 42.102° S, 172.635° E; 2100 m a.s.l.; Oct. 1950; L.J. Dumbleton leg.; NZAC 03015679 • 1 ♂; Gloriana Peak, Spenser Mountains; 42.27437° S, 172.48992° E; 1750 m a.s.l.; 5 Feb. 2017; D. Hegg leg.; on rock bluffs; night search + insect net; GenBank: OM293689; MPN CW3262 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 nymphs; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW3263 to 3266 • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Apr. 2017; MPN CW3656 to CW3659, CW3665, CW3666 • 1 ♀; Between Sunset Saddle and Mt Hopeless, Travers Range; 41.91926° S, 172.73519° E; 1900 m a.s.l.; 31 Dec. 2020; D. Hegg leg.; in rocky chasm; visual search in daylight; MPN CW5183. – Nelson (NN) • 1 ♀; Poverty Basin, Mt Owen; 41.54712° S, 172.52864° E; 1640 m a.s.l.; 8 Jan. 2019; D. Hegg leg.; on limestone bluffs; night search + insect net; GenBank: OM293708; MPN CW4275 • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 4 nymphs; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW4272, CW4273, CW4446 to CW4450, CW4456, CW4457. Description MEASUREMENTS. See Table 1. HEAD. As per generic description. Specimens living above the permanent snowline are entirely black. This includes all head parts that are usually pale otherwise, e.g., maxillary palps and antennae. THORAX. As per generic description; always covered in fine hair, which gives the animal a matt look. LEGS. Longer than in most Pharmacus species. The hind tibiae are 5% longer than the body in females, 20% longer than the body in males. Fore femora always unarmed at the apex. Mid femora armed with one retrolateral spine at the apex; prolateral apical spine absent. Hind femora occasionally armed with up to two linear spines below, on either or both inner and outer edge. Hind tibiae armed with two superior subapical spines (one prolateral and one retrolateral), two superior apical spines (one prolateral and one retrolateral), two inferior apical spines (one prolateral and one retrolateral) and two inferior subapical spines (one prolateral and one retrolateral), as in all other Pharmacus species. However, in some specimens in the Mt Cook region, a third inferior subapical spine may be present on the inner edge of the tibia (see Fig. 3F–G). First and second tarsal segments without any linear spines above – a trait that differentiates P. montanus from all other Pharmacus species. The first tarsal segment is generally pale on all six legs, even in specimens that are entirely black otherwise – the contrast is in fact especially noticeable in the darker specimens and gives the insect a characteristic look (Fig. 14A). ABDOMEN. Tergites always covered in fine hair, which gives the animal a matt look. A thin, pale median line along the whole length of the insect is generally visible, even in the darker specimens. The colour of the tergites is most commonly brown at the lower elevations (Fig. 14B), transitioning to black at the higher elevations, especially above the permanent snow-line (Figs 8A, 14A). Specimens in the Arthur’s Pass region are chequered, unlike other P. montanus but like other Pharmacus species further south (Fig. 8B). MALE TERMINALIA. Subgenital plate triangular when seen from below; deeper than in all other Pharmacus species when seen from the side (Fig. 10A–C). In a dorsal view, a thin plate or membrane covered in tomentum is attached to the vertex of the triangle. The plate varies in shape from oval (Figs 3D, 8B) to rectangular with rounded corners (Figs 3E, 10A). FEMALE TERMINALIA. Subgenital plate strongly bilobed, the two rounded lobes long and narrow, separated by a deep V-shaped depression; hairy (Figs 4F–G, 12A). Ovipositor on average 70% of body length, relatively straight, tapering gently at first then more strongly near the apex; lower valve with 5 to 8 strong teeth below at the apex (Fig. 12B–C)., Published as part of Hegg, Danilo, Morgan-Richards, Mary & Trewick, Steven A., 2022, High alpine sorcerers: revision of the cave wētā genus Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Macropathinae), with the description of six new species and three new subspecies, pp. 1-58 in European Journal of Taxonomy 808 (1) on pages 20-25, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.808.1721, http://zenodo.org/record/6419368, {"references":["Pictet A. & de Saussure H. 1893. De quelques orthopteres nouveaux. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 8: 293 - 318.","Richards A. M. 1972. Revision of the Rhaphidophoridae (Orthoptera) of New Zealand- Part XIV. Three alpine genera from the South Island. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 2 (2): 151 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03036758.1972.10429371","Hutton F. W. 1896. The Stenopelmatidae of New Zealand. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 29 (14): 223 - 240.","Dumbleton L. J. 1935. The Alpine Weta. New Zealand Alpine Journal 6 (22): 172.","Karny H. 1935. Die Gryllacrididen des Pariser Museum und der Collection L. Chopard. Eos 10 (3 - 4): 383 - 385."]}

Pharmacus cochleatus nauclerus subsp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D540A190-8DEE-4CDD-AA28-EA92A31550BF Figs 1–2, 6, 17D, 18B Diagnosis A mid-sized cave wētā endemic to the Skippers Range in South Westland. Morphologically indistinguishable from Pharmacus cochleatus cochleatus comb. nov., but geographically separated and genetically distinct. Pharmacus cochleatus nauclerus is sympatric with Pharmacus cristatus sp. nov. and with Notoplectron brewsterense comb. nov. It is easily differentiated from the former by its darker coloration and lack of prolateral apical spines on the fore and mid femora and from the latter by its darker colour, longer legs with more numerous spines on the hind tibiae and the presence of dorsal spines on the first hind tarsus segment. Etymology ‘ Nauclērus ’ is Latin for ‘skipper’, after the Skippers Range in South Westland. Material examined (see also Supp. file 1: Table S3) Holotype NEW ZEALAND • ♂, adult; Westland (WD), Skippers Range; 44.50459° S, 168.12086° E; 1400 m a.s.l.; 7 Feb. 2019; D. Hegg leg.; on rock bluffs; night search; NMNZ AI.052288 (prev. MPN CW4412). Paratype NEW ZEALAND • 1 ♀, adult; Westland (WD), Skippers Range High Point; 44.43914° S, 168.16515° E; 1600 m a.s.l.; 3 Feb. 2019; D. Hegg leg.; on scree and rock bluffs; night search; NMNZ AI.052289 (prev. MPN CW4376). Other material NEW ZEALAND – Westland (WD) • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 nymph; Skippers Range; 44.42005° S, 168.15399° E; 1360 m a.s.l; 2 Feb. 2019; D. Hegg leg.; on rock bluffs; night search; MPN CW4366, CW4378, CW4413 • 1 nymph; same collection data as for paratype; GenBank: OM293711; MPN CW4363 • 1 ♀; Skippers Range; 44.46821° S, 168.10095° E; 1200 m a.s.l.; 6 Feb. 2019; D. Hegg leg.; on rock bluffs; night search; GenBank: OM293713; MPN CW4374 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; MPN CW4377, CW4410, CW4411 • 1 nymph; same collection data as for holotype; GenBank: OM293710; MPN CW4361 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CW4379, CW4380. Description MEASUREMENTS. See Table 1. Pharmacus cochleatus nauclerus subsp. nov. is morphologically identical to Pharmacus cochleatus cochleatus comb. nov. See the description for the latter.