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1. Space-time Peer-to-Peer Distribution of Multi-party Entanglement for Any Quantum Network

Author

Huang, Yuexun, Ren, Xiangyu, Li, Bikun, Wong, Yat, and Jiang, Liang

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

Graph states are a class of important multiparty entangled states, of which bell pairs are the special case. Realizing a robust and fast distribution of arbitrary graph states in the downstream layer of the quantum network can be essential for further large-scale quantum networks. We propose a novel quantum network protocol called P2PGSD inspired by the classical Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network to efficiently implement the general graph state distribution in the network layer, which demonstrates advantages in resource efficiency and scalability over existing methods for sparse graph states. An explicit mathematical model for a general graph state distribution problem has also been constructed, above which the intractability for a wide class of resource minimization problems is proved and the optimality of the existing algorithms is discussed. In addition, we leverage the spacetime quantum network inspired by the symmetry from relativity for memory management in network problems and used it to improve our proposed algorithm. The advantages of our protocols are confirmed by numerical simulations showing an improvement of up to 50% for general sparse graph states, paving the way for a resource-efficient multiparty entanglement distribution across any network topology.

Published
2024

2. The minimum number of maximal dissociation sets in unicyclic graphs

Author

Zhang, Junxia, Ren, Xiangyu, and Wang, Maoqun

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

A subset of vertices in a graph $G$ is considered a maximal dissociation set if it induces a subgraph with vertex degree at most 1 and it is not contained within any other dissociation sets. In this paper, it is shown that for $n\geq 3$, every unicyclic graph contains a minimum of $\lfloor n/2\rfloor+2$ maximal dissociation sets. We also show the graphs that attain this minimum bound., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures

Published
2024

3. Tackling Coherent Noise in Quantum Computing via Cross-Layer Compiler Optimization

Author

Ren, Xiangyu, Wan, Junjie, Liang, Zhiding, and Barbalace, Antonio

Subjects
Computer Science - Hardware Architecture, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Quantum computing hardware is affected by quantum noise that undermine the quality of results of an executed quantum program. Amongst other quantum noises, coherent error that caused by parameter drifting and miscalibration, remains critical. While coherent error mitigation has been studied before, studies focused either on gate-level or pulse-level -- missing cross-level optimization opportunities; And most of them only target single-qubit gates -- while multi-qubit gates are also used in practice. To address above limitations, this work proposes a cross-layer approach for coherent error mitigation that considers program-level, gate-level, and pulse-level compiler optimizations, by leveraging the hidden inverse theory, and exploiting the structure inside different quantum programs, while also considering multi-qubit gates. We implemented our approach as compiler optimization passes, and integrated into IBM Qiskit framework. We tested our technique on real quantum computer (IBM-Brisbane), and demonstrated up to 92% fidelity improvements (45% on average), on several benchmarks.

Published
2024

4. Counting Flows of $b$-compatible Graphs

Author

Fu, Houshan, Ren, Xiangyu, and Wang, Suijie

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics, 05C31, 05C21
Abstract

Kochol introduced the assigning polynomial $F(G,\alpha;k)$ to count nowhere-zero $(A,b)$-flows of a graph $G$, where $A$ is a finite Abelian group and $\alpha$ is a $\{0,1\}$-assigning from a family $\Lambda(G)$ of certain nonempty vertex subsets of $G$ to $\{0,1\}$. We introduce the concepts of $b$-compatible graph and $b$-compatible broken bond to give an explicit formula for the assigning polynomials and to examine their coefficients. More specifically, for a function $b:V(G)\to A$, let $\alpha_{G,b}$ be a $\{0,1\}$-assigning of $G$ such that for each $X\in\Lambda(G)$, $\alpha_{G,b}(X)=0$ if and only if $\sum_{v\in X}b(v)=0$. We show that for any $\{0,1\}$-assigning $\alpha$ of $G$, if there exists a function $b:V(G)\to A$ such that $G$ is $b$-compatible and $\alpha=\alpha_{G,b}$, then the assigning polynomial $F(G,\alpha;k)$ has the $b$-compatible spanning subgraph expansion \[ F(G,\alpha;k)=\sum_{\substack{S\subseteq E(G),\\G-S\mbox{ is $b$-compatible}}}(-1)^{|S|}k^{m(G-S)}, \] and is the following form $F(G,\alpha;k)=\sum_{i=0}^{m(G)}(-1)^ia_i(G,\alpha)k^{m(G)-i}$, where each $a_i(G,\alpha)$ is the number of subsets $S$ of $E(G)$ having $i$ edges such that $G-S$ is $b$-compatible and $S$ contains no $b$-compatible broken bonds with respect to a total order on $E(G)$. Applying the counting interpretation, we also obtain unified comparison relations for the signless coefficients of assigning polynomials. Namely, for any $\{0,1\}$-assignings $\alpha,\alpha'$ of $G$, if there exist functions $b:V(G)\to A$ and $b':V(G)\to A'$ such that $G$ is both $b$-compatible and $b'$-compatible, $\alpha=\alpha_{G,b}$, $\alpha'=\alpha_{G,b'}$ and $\alpha(X)\le\alpha'(X)$ for all $X\in\Lambda(G)$, then \[ a_i(G,\alpha)\le a_i(G,\alpha') \quad \mbox{ for }\quad i=0,1,\ldots, m(G). \], Comment: 12pages

Published
2024

5. A Hardware-Aware Gate Cutting Framework for Practical Quantum Circuit Knitting

Author

Ren, Xiangyu, Zhang, Mengyu, and Barbalace, Antonio

Subjects
Computer Science - Hardware Architecture, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Circuit knitting emerges as a promising technique to overcome the limitation of the few physical qubits in near-term quantum hardware by cutting large quantum circuits into smaller subcircuits. Recent research in this area has been primarily oriented towards reducing subcircuit sampling overhead. Unfortunately, these works neglect hardware information during circuit cutting, thus posing significant challenges to the follow on stages. In fact, direct compilation and execution of these partitioned subcircuits yields low-fidelity results, highlighting the need for a more holistic optimization strategy. In this work, we propose a hardware-aware framework aiming to advance the practicability of circuit knitting. Drawing a contrast with prior methodologies, the presented framework designs a cutting scheme that concurrently optimizes the number of gate cuttings and SWAP insertions during circuit cutting. In particular, we leverage the graph similarity between qubits interactions and chip layout as a heuristic guide to reduces potential SWAPs in the subsequent step of qubit routing. Building upon this, the circuit knitting framework we developed has been evaluated on several quantum algorithms, leading to reduction of total subcircuits depth by up to 64% (48% on average) compared to the state-of-the-art approach, and enhancing the relative fidelity up to 2.7$\times$., Comment: Accepted to the 2024 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD '24)

Published
2024
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6. Beyond the Limits: A Survey of Techniques to Extend the Context Length in Large Language Models

Author

Wang, Xindi, Salmani, Mahsa, Omidi, Parsa, Ren, Xiangyu, Rezagholizadeh, Mehdi, and Eshaghi, Armaghan

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities including understanding context, engaging in logical reasoning, and generating responses. However, this is achieved at the expense of stringent computational and memory requirements, hindering their ability to effectively support long input sequences. This survey provides an inclusive review of the recent techniques and methods devised to extend the sequence length in LLMs, thereby enhancing their capacity for long-context understanding. In particular, we review and categorize a wide range of techniques including architectural modifications, such as modified positional encoding and altered attention mechanisms, which are designed to enhance the processing of longer sequences while avoiding a proportional increase in computational requirements. The diverse methodologies investigated in this study can be leveraged across different phases of LLMs, i.e., training, fine-tuning and inference. This enables LLMs to efficiently process extended sequences. The limitations of the current methodologies is discussed in the last section along with the suggestions for future research directions, underscoring the importance of sequence length in the continued advancement of LLMs., Comment: Accepted to IJCAI 2024 Survey Track -- camera-ready version

Published
2024

8. A Scalable, Fast and Programmable Neural Decoder for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation Using Surface Codes

Author

Zhang, Mengyu, Ren, Xiangyu, Xi, Guanglei, Zhang, Zhenxing, Yu, Qiaonian, Liu, Fuming, Zhang, Hualiang, Zhang, Shengyu, and Zheng, Yi-Cong

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture
Abstract

Quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) can eliminate the negative effects of quantum noise, the major obstacle to the execution of quantum algorithms. However, realizing practical quantum error correction (QEC) requires resolving many challenges to implement a high-performance real-time decoding system. Many decoding algorithms have been proposed and optimized in the past few decades, of which neural network (NNs) based solutions have drawn an increasing amount of attention due to their high efficiency. Unfortunately, previous works on neural decoders are still at an early stage and have only relatively simple architectures, which makes them unsuitable for practical QEC. In this work, we propose a scalable, fast, and programmable neural decoding system to meet the requirements of FTQEC for rotated surface codes (RSC). Firstly, we propose a hardware-efficient NN decoding algorithm with relatively low complexity and high accuracy. Secondly, we develop a customized hardware decoder with architectural optimizations to reduce latency. Thirdly, our proposed programmable architecture boosts the scalability and flexibility of the decoder by maximizing parallelism. Fourthly, we build an FPGA-based decoding system with integrated control hardware for evaluation. Our $L=5$ ($L$ is the code distance) decoder achieves an extremely low decoding latency of 197 ns, and the $L=7$ configuration also requires only 1.136 $\mu$s, both taking $2L$ rounds of syndrome measurements. The accuracy results of our system are close to minimum weight perfect matching (MWPM). Furthermore, our programmable architecture reduces hardware resource consumption by up to $3.0\times$ with only a small latency loss. We validated our approach in real-world scenarios by conducting a proof-of-concept benchmark with practical noise models, including one derived from experimental data gathered from physical hardware., Comment: 12 pages, 16 figures

Published
2023

12. Repairing Effect of Fucoxanthin on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice

Author

REN Xiangyu, ZHENG Jiawen, TIAN Xiaoxiao, CAO Hongjie, LI Hangting, TANG Yunping, YANG Zuisu

Subjects
fucoxanthin, mice, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor κb signaling pathway, kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein-1/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Objective: To explore the repairing effect and underlying mechanism of fucoxanthin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Fifty-two C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups, including one normal group (n = 14) and three experimental groups (n = 38). The normal group was fed a regular diet, and the experimental groups were fed a HFD. After feeding for eight weeks, two animals were selected from the experimental groups for serum biochemical assays and liver histological observation, and the other 36 were divided into three groups (n = 12 each): model, low-dose and high-dose fucoxanthin, which were then administrated with physiological saline or fucoxanthin by gavage once a day for six weeks. Body mass was recorded weekly, and all mice were killed after fasting for 12 h at the end of the 14th week. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), free fatty acid (FFA), adiponectin, and leptin were measured. In addition, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in liver homogenate were also determined. Furthermore, hepatic histopathological changes were observed under microscope, and the protein expressions of the adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways in liver tissues were detected by Western blot. Results: Compared with the model group, the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT and AST in the fucoxanthin-treated groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), Leptin was decreased, while the levels of HDL-C and adiponectin were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of GSH-Px, SOD and CAT in the fucoxanthin-treated groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05), leptin was decreased, while the levels of MDA and inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared with the model group. The results of hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, oil red O staining, periodic acid-schiff staining (PAS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the histological structure of the liver in the fucoxanthin-treated groups recovered to almost normal. The results of Western blot showed that fucoxanthin treatment upregulated the protein expression of phosphorylated adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α (PPARα), phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC), and carnitine acyl transferase 1 (CPT-1) in the AMPK signaling pathway, downregulated the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), inhibited the level of Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein-1 (Keap-1) in the Keap-1/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, increased the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant proteins heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM), and downregulated the expression of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), phosphorylated nuclear factor κB inhibitory protein α (p-IκBα), and phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (p65) (p-NF-κB (p65)) in the TLR4 signaling pathway. Conclusion: Fucoxanthin can repair HFD-induced NAFLD in mice through regulating lipid metabolism, reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammation.

Published
2024
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20. BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis impacts distinct outcomes of time-of-day resistance exercise

Author

Guo, Mingwei, Shen, Fei, Guo, Xiaozhen, Zhang, Jun, Ma, Ying, Wu, Xia, Zuo, Hui, Yao, Jing, Hu, Yepeng, Wang, Dongmei, Li, Yu, Li, Jin, Qiu, Jin, Yu, Jian, Meng, Meiyao, Zheng, Ying, Chen, Xin, Gong, Mingkai, Liu, Kailin, Jin, Ling, Ren, Xiangyu, Zhang, Qiang, Zhao, Yu, Gu, Xuejiang, Shen, Feixia, Li, Dali, Gao, Liangcai, Liu, Chang, Zhou, Fei, Li, Mian, Wang, Jiqiu, Ding, Shuzhe, Ma, Xinran, Lu, Jian, Xie, Cen, Xiao, Junjie, and Xu, Lingyan

Published
2025
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23. Intercropping with Trifolium repens contributes disease suppression of banana Fusarium wilt by reshaping soil protistan communities

Author

Ren, Xiangyu, Zhou, Zeyuan, Liu, Manyi, Shen, Zongzhuan, Wang, Beibei, Jousset, Alexandre, Geisen, Stefan, Ravanbakhsh, Mohammadhossein, Kowalchuk, George A., Li, Rong, Shen, Qirong, Xiong, Wu, Ren, Xiangyu, Zhou, Zeyuan, Liu, Manyi, Shen, Zongzhuan, Wang, Beibei, Jousset, Alexandre, Geisen, Stefan, Ravanbakhsh, Mohammadhossein, Kowalchuk, George A., Li, Rong, Shen, Qirong, and Xiong, Wu

Abstract

Fusarium wilt disease of bananas, caused by the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, threatens banana production. Intercropping, cultivation of more than one crop simultaneously on the same field, has emerged as efficient and sustainable land management for suppressing Fusarium wilt disease. Although previous studies have proven the changes in soil microbial communities including bacteria and fungi under intercropping contributed to disease suppression, little is known about the role of protistan communities in driving this effect. In a field experiment, we assessed microbiome shifts with a focus on protists under intercropping of banana with the legume Trifolium repens. Our results showed that the reduced Fusarium wilt disease incidence and the decreased Fusarium pathogen density under intercropping could be attributed to the changes in protistan community compositions. Specially, we observed a significant negative correlation between the relative abundance of phagotrophic protists and Fusarium oxysporum. We further conducted a pot experiment to examine the impacts of the legume crop on phagotrophic protists across different spatial distances, which showing that intercropping enriched the relative abundance of phagotrophic protists, especially Cercomonas, with members of this group showing the capacity to directly inhibit the growth of Fusarium pathogen in vitro. We highlight that predatory protists are important agents underlying disease suppression in intercropping system, which can offer new venues to promote plant health in sustainable agriculture.

Published
2024

24. Intercropping with Trifolium repens contributes disease suppression of banana Fusarium wilt by reshaping soil protistan communities

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Ren, Xiangyu, Zhou, Zeyuan, Liu, Manyi, Shen, Zongzhuan, Wang, Beibei, Jousset, Alexandre, Geisen, Stefan, Ravanbakhsh, Mohammadhossein, Kowalchuk, George A., Li, Rong, Shen, Qirong, Xiong, Wu, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Ren, Xiangyu, Zhou, Zeyuan, Liu, Manyi, Shen, Zongzhuan, Wang, Beibei, Jousset, Alexandre, Geisen, Stefan, Ravanbakhsh, Mohammadhossein, Kowalchuk, George A., Li, Rong, Shen, Qirong, and Xiong, Wu

Published
2024

28. Investigating roles of a novel ascending pathway in transmitting mechanical itch sensation

Author

Ren, Xiangyu

Subjects
Neurosciences, Itch, Mechanical itch, Parabrachial Nucleus, Somatosensation, Spinal cord
Abstract

Itch is an unpleasant sensation that provokes the urge to scratch. The sensation of itch can beinduced by distinct triggers including pruritogen (chemical itch) or tactile stimuli (mechanicalitch). Chemical and mechanical itch, due to distinct nature of the stimuli, seem mediated byremarkably different peripheral and central neural circuitries (Bourane et al. 2015; Acton et al.2019; Pan et al. 2019; Chen et al. 2020). A cohort of molecularly defined sensory and spinalneuron populations that relay chemical itch has been characterized, while very little is knownabout those that relay mechanical itch.Scratching is usually the immediate response induced by itch in human and animals to removedangerous pruritic agents. However, when itch becomes prolonged or chronic, affectivemotivational components of itch, such as negative valence and aversive memory induced by itch,form and more complicated protective behavior is recruited to start itch-relief, which require theinvolvement of the supraspinal itch-relaying regions through ascending and descending itchpathways. It has been reported that chemical itch sensation is potentially relayed by spinalprojection neurons that express Tacr1 (as known as NK1R) to the parabrachial nuclei (Carsten etal. 2010; Acton et al. 2019). However, it is still not known what supraspinal structures encodemechanical itch responses and how mechanical itch information is transmitted to thesesupraspinal regions through ascending pathways. By focusing on these questions in my thesisproject, I have tried to answer these questions by addressing three more specific issues: 1. Whatis the identity of supraspinal region that relays mechanical itch? 2. What is the molecular identityof the spinal projection neurons that relay mechanical itch information and who do they connectto? 3. What is the molecular identity of the neurons in the supraspinal region that are contactedby the spinal projection neurons that transmit mechanical itch and are they also necessary foritch-induced scratching?In the first part of my thesis, I identified the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), located in thedorsolateral pons area of the brainstem, as a crucial relay hub for mechanical itch. Chemogeneticsilencing of the PBN neurons suppresses mechanical itch sensitivities under both acute andchronic conditions in mice. In the second part of my thesis, I have characterized a spinal neuronpopulation that is selectively targeted by CalcrlCre and Lbx1FlpO (hereafter referred to asCalcrlLbx1 neurons) that have a dedicated projection to the PBN. Genetic ablation orchemogenetic silencing of this neuron population in the spinal cord suppresses mechanical itchsensitivities under baseline, acute as well as chronic itch conditions. By contrast, chemogeneticactivation of the CalcrlLbx1 population dramatically sensitizes mechanical itch in mice. A similarbut lesser extensive suppression of mechanical itch sensitivity was observed when thespinoparabrachial projections of CalcrlLbx1 neurons were selectively silenced. In the third part ofmy thesis, I have shown that PBN neurons that express FoxP2 function as a postsynaptic partnerof spinal CalcrlLbx1 neurons and are necessary for relaying and expressing mechanical itch. Invivo calcium imaging by fiber photometry showed FoxP2PBN neurons are tuned to respond tomechanical itch stimulation under baseline, acute and chronic itch conditions. Chemogeneticsilencing of these neurons in the PBN suppresses mechanical itch sensitivity in all conditions. Insummary, my thesis project identified and characterized a novel mechanical itch-relayingspinoparabrachial pathway featured by the Calcrl-FoxP2 functional connection.

Published
2021

31. Anti-Xa Activity Monitoring for Optimizing Rivaroxaban Dosage in Chinese Patients with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis.

Author

Zhang, Xiaoming, Gao, Meini, Lan, Duo, Wang, Zhongao, Fang, Kun, Ren, Xiangyu, Liu, Naiqi, Zhou, Da, Ji, Xunming, and Meng, Ran

Subjects
CEREBRAL embolism & thrombosis, VENOUS thrombosis, CHINESE people, RIVAROXABAN, HOSPITAL patients
Abstract

Background: Rivaroxaban, a direct Factor Xa inhibitor, is commonly used for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) correction. However, pharmacokinetic differences in Chinese may vary in sensitivity and tolerance, resulting in either insufficient or excessive anticoagulation. Herein, the optimizing dosages of rivaroxaban in Chinese patients with CVT were analyzed based on monitoring anti-Xa activity dynamically, to maintain therapeutic efficacy and reduce rivaroxaban-related bleeding. Methods: A real-world cohort study was conducted involving 112 CVT patients in Xuanwu Hospital, from August 2021 through January 2024. Patients were grouped according to their doses of rivaroxaban use (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg daily) based on dynamic plasma anti-Xa activity monitored using the chromogenic anti-Xa assay. Plasma levels of anti-Xa activity reached the therapeutic range, bleeding events and the dosage of rivaroxaban among these groups were analyzed. Results: The ratios of the patients whose plasma anti-Xa levels reached the standard therapeutic level (0.3–0.7 IU/mL) between the cohorts less than 20 mg/d and 20 mg/d showed no statistical difference, and no significant disparities were observed among 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/d dose groups. There was a discernible increase in the proportion of patients with bleeding events in the 20 mg/d group, even though the results did not reach a statistical difference. Meanwhile, in patients with bleeding events, their plasma anti-Xa levels could exceed 0.7 IU/mL. Conclusion: Sensitivity and tolerance to rivaroxaban in Chinese may vary. Individualized therapy dosage under the guidance of anti-Xa activity monitoring may not only guarantee anticoagulation effect, but also reduce rivaroxaban-related bleeding events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. APOBEC3A suppresses cervical cancer via apoptosis

Author

Li, Zishuai, primary, He, Haiwei, additional, Ren, Xiangyu, additional, Chen, Yifan, additional, Liu, Wenbin, additional, Pu, Rui, additional, Fang, Letian, additional, Shi, Yiwei, additional, Liu, Donghong, additional, Zhao, Jiayi, additional, Niu, Zheyun, additional, Xu, Mingjuan, additional, and Cao, Guangwen, additional

Published
2023
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42. Effects of Continuous Exercise on Physiological Indexes Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Chronic Patients in Northwest China

Author

Niu Jianzhuang, Niu Zhen, Ren Xiangyu, Yu Xuemei, Gao Nina, Shao Nina, and Zhang Chengyi

Abstract

With the increase of aging population, accompanied by a series of aging problems, the study showed that the probability of chronic disease in the elderly population is 92.1%, and further research shows that the probability of having two or more chronic diseases is 70.0%. Therefore, understanding of the distribution and spatial-temporal variation trend of risk factors related to chronic diseases can provide scientific basis for the formulation of policies and intervention strategies for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. It is of urgent practical significance to improve the quality of life of the elderly and reduce the social medical burden. Analysis of the data indicated that after 1 year of continuous exercise intervention, the experimental group’s blood pressure was controlled at a normal level in nearly 2 months [90 ~ 140mmHg/100 ~ 160mmHg(SBP/DBP)]. The results showed that moderate physical activity can reduce stress and help control blood pressure in patients with high blood pressure. After 1 year of targeted exercise intervention, the experimental group significantly improved fasting blood glucose (controlled under 7.2mmol/liter) in nearly 2 months after the second questionnaire survey. After the exercise, the blood glucose was controlled within the normal range and gradually increased. After one year of exercise intervention, the blood lipid index of the experimental group was significantly different from that of the control group, indicating that physical exercise has a positive effect on the elderly with hyperlipemia.

Published
2022
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44. Effects of Nano-CeO 2 on Microstructure and Properties of WC/FeCoNiCrMo0.2 Composite High Entropy Alloy Coatings by Laser Cladding.

Author

Ren, Xiangyu, Sun, Wenlei, Sheng, Zefeng, Liu, Minying, Hui, Hujing, and Xiao, Yi

Subjects
*RARE earth oxides, *PROTECTIVE coatings, *COMPOSITE coating, *MICROSTRUCTURE, *ENTROPY, *STAINLESS steel, *METALLIC composites, *CORROSION resistance
Abstract

FeCoNiCrMo0.2 high entropy alloy has many excellent properties, such as high strength, high wear resistance, high corrosion resistance, and high ductility. To further improve the properties of this coating, FeCoNiCrMo high entropy alloy (HEA) coatings, and two composite coatings, FeCoNiCrMo0.2 + WC and FeCoNiCrMo0.2 + WC + CeO2, were prepared on the surface of 316L stainless steel by laser cladding technology. After adding WC ceramic powder and CeO2 rare earth control, the microstructure, hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the three coatings were carefully studied. The results show that WC powder significantly improved the hardness of the HEA coating and reduced the friction factor. The FeCoNiCrMo0.2 + 32%WC coating showed excellent mechanical properties, but the distribution of hard phase particles in the coating microstructure was uneven, resulting in unstable distribution of hardness and wear resistance in each region of the coating. After adding 2% nano-CeO2 rare earth oxide, although the hardness and friction factor decreased slightly compared with the FeCoNiCrMo0.2 + 32%WC coating, the coating grain structure was finer, which reduced the porosity and crack sensitivity of the coating, and the phase composition of the coating did not change; there was a uniform hardness distribution, a more stable friction coefficient, and the flattest wear morphology. In addition, under the same corrosive environment, the value of polarization impedance of the FeCoNiCrMo0.2 + 32%WC + 2%CeO2 coating was greater, the corrosion rate was relatively low, and the corrosion resistance was better. Therefore, based on various indexes, the FeCoNiCrMo0.2 + 32%WC + 2%CeO2 coating has the best comprehensive performance and can extend the service life of 316L workpieces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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45. Ni3S2–Ni Hybrid Nanospheres with Intra‐Core Void Structure Encapsulated in N‐Doped Carbon Shells for Efficient and Stable K‐ion Storage.

Author

Yu, Xiangtao, Ren, Xiangyu, Yuan, Zhangfu, Hou, Xinmei, Yang, Tao, and Wang, Mingyong

Subjects
*DOPING agents (Chemistry), *OXYGEN reduction, *ELECTRONIC density of states, *FERMI energy, *FERMI level, *CHEMICAL bonds
Abstract

Iron group metals chalcogenides, especially NiS, are promising candidates for K‐ion battery anodes due to their high theoretical specific capacity and abundant reserves. However, the practical application of NiS‐based anodes is hindered by slow electrochemical kinetics and unstable structure. Herein, a novel structure of Ni3S2–Ni hybrid nanosphere with intra‐core voids encapsulated by N‐doped carbon shells (Ni3S2‐Ni@NC‐AE) is constructed, based on the first electrodeposited NiS nanosphere particles, dopamine coating outer layer, oxygen‐free annealing treatment to form Ni3S2‐Ni core and N‐doped carbon shell, and selective etching of the Ni phase to form intra‐core void. The electron/K+ transport and K+ storage reaction kinetics are enhanced due to shortened diffusion pathways, increased active sites, generation of built‐in electric field, high K+ adsorption energies, and large electronic density of states at Fermi energy level, resulting from the multi‐structures synergistic effect of Ni3S2‐Ni@NC‐AE. Simultaneously, the volume expansion is alleviated due to the sufficient buffer space and strong chemical bonding provided by intra‐core void and yolk–shell structure. Consequently, the Ni3S2‐Ni@NC‐AE exhibits excellent specific capacity (438 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 up to 150 cycles), outstanding rate performances, and ultra‐stable long‐cycle performance (176.4 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 up to 5000 cycles) for K‐ion storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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46. Monkfish (Lophius litulon) Peptides Ameliorate High-Fat-Diet-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via Regulation of Intestinal Flora.

Author

Ren, Xiangyu, Miao, Bingtao, Cao, Hongjie, Tian, Xiaoxiao, Shen, Lujia, Yang, Zuisu, Yuan, Falei, and Ding, Yaping

Subjects
*NUCLEAR factor E2 related factor, *NICOTINAMIDE, *GLUTATHIONE peroxidase, *OXIDATIVE stress, *PEPTIDES, *OXIDANT status, *BOTANY
Abstract

Background: Renal damage and intestinal flora imbalance due to lipotoxicity are particularly significant in terms of oxidative stress and inflammation, which can be alleviated with bioactive peptides. The monkfish (Lophius litulon) is rich in proteins, which can be used as a source of quality bioactive peptides. This study aimed to examine the protective effect of monkfish peptides on renal injury and their potential role in regulating gut microbiota. Methods: Monkfish meat was hydrolyzed using neutral protease and filtered, and the component with the highest elimination rate of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl was named lophius litulon peptides (LPs). Lipid nephrotoxicity was induced via high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 8 weeks and then treated with LPs. Oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, and intestinal flora were evaluated. Results: LP (200 mg/kg) therapy reduced serum creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen levels by 49.5%, 31.6%, and 31.6%, respectively. Renal vesicles and tubules were considerably improved with this treatment. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity increased significantly by 198.7%, 167.9%, 61.5%, and 89.4%, respectively. LPs attenuated the upregulation of HFD-induced Toll-like receptor 4 and phospho-nuclear factor-kappa B and increased the protein levels of heme oxygenase 1, nicotinamide quinone oxidoreductase 1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. The dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota improved after LP treatment. Conclusions: LPs significantly improve antioxidant activity, reduce inflammatory cytokine levels, and regulate intestinal dysbiosis. Thus, LPs are potential compounds that can alleviate HFD-induced renal lipotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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