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This study aims to examine the effect of coordination, reaction speed and kinesthetic perception on fielding skills (high catch) in cricket athletes in West Java province. The research population was all cricket athletes in West Java Province, consisting of the City of Bekasi, which consisted of 14 sons and 14 women, and the City of Bandung, 14 men and 14 women. So the total population is 56 athletes. The sampling technique in this research is total sampling. So the sample in this study was 56 cricket athletes from the province of West Java. The coordination instrument (X1) uses the eye-hand-foot coordination Test. The reaction speed instrument (X2) uses the Ruler drop test. Kinesthetic perception instrument (X3) using the kinesthetic perception test. Fielding (Y) using the Fielding (High catch) test. The results of this study are the direct effect of variable X1 on Y = 55.4%. The direct effect of variable X2 on Y = 3.2%. The direct effect of variable X3 on Y = 6.6%. The direct effect of the X1 variable on X3 = 92.7%. The direct effect of variable X2 on X3 = 2.7%. The indirect effect of variable X1 on Y through X3 = 98.2%. The indirect effect of variable X2 on Y through X3 = 4.9%.

The basic technique of kicking in pencak silat was often overlooked due to the consideration of increasing the level of the athlete and not on competence or skill. The purpose of this study was to identify biomechanics analysis of pencak silat side kick of Persinas ASAD. This study used quantitative research to obtain data derived from video recordings of sidekick movements that were analyzed using the Dartfish version 8. The total participants in this test were 30 Persinas ASAD martial arts athletes. This study recorded 30 martial arts athletes from Persinas ASAD with an average age (15.37 ± 1.45 years old), height (160 ± 7.9 cm), weight (50.37 ± 8.61 kg), and leg length (86.37 ± 5.73 cm). The results of side kick motion analysis data are obtained from the video analysis using Dartfish version 8 where the focus of the movement is divided into 3 main phases. These phases include the horse stance, the take-off phase, and the impact phase. The results found that the fighters are in the appropriate category. To get very appropriate category, the participants were expected to improve the ability of the components of speed, accuracy, and reaction speed to be more effective and efficient. Further research was expected to do a motion analysis using video recordings high speed camera on the frontal and sagittal angles.

Simple Innovation Tools for Reaction Indications (AISIRE) is an instrument to measure reaction speed of Elementary School students grade 4, 5, 6 or upper Elementary schools. A good instrument must have validity and reliability that meet statistical criteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of AISIRE, specifically to find out if AISIRE could be used as an instrument in measuring the reaction speed of upper Elementary School students. The research method used descriptive research methods with a quantitative approach. The participants participated in this study were 78 students (39 males and 39 females) at the upper level of Elementary School selected using incidental sampling technique. The data collection technique employed a test with AISIRE as the research instrument. The data analysis technique used correlation test, Norm Referenced Evaluation, and Criterion Referenced Evaluation. This study concludes that AISIRE can be used as an instrument in measuring the reaction speed of upper Elementary School students. ASIRE can meet the validity and reliability according to statistical criteria. Further research regarding distance in AISIRE and instrument development utilizing the development of existing technology is needed.

Summary The aim of the article was the intraindividual evaluation of reaction time at the Women’s World Athletics Championships from 1999 to 2019.We generated the rating of sprinters from the age point of view with comparison of two periods with different false start rules. In the result section, we analysed the sprinters that took part at World Championships (WCH) at least 3 times and appeared in the final. We assessed the reaction speed from the ageing point of view, or more precisely with the changing conditions when judging the false start. The results confirm that the stricter start judging rules in sprint disciplines did not have a significant influence on the reaction speed. We also confirmed a research that the sprinters older than 30 years can achieve very low reaction time at the start.

El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es optimizar el reactor aerobio de la planta de tratamiento de agua residual del municipio de Sesquilé, Cundinamarca (PTAR II), a través de la implementación del sistema de membranas MUTAG BIOCHIP, para obtener un beneficio técnico y económico en la operación y puesta en marcha del proceso de tratamiento. TABLA DE CONTENIDO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ……………………………………………………………… 13 1.1. Planteamiento del problema ………………………………………………….… 16 1.2. Justificación ………………………………………………………………………18 2. OBJETIVOS ……………………………………………………………………. 20 2.1. Objetivo general ……………………………………………….…………….…...20 2.2. Objetivos específicos ………………………………………….…………….……20 3. ANTECEDENTES …………………………………………….……….……….. 21 4. ESTADO DEL ARTE ……………………………………….……………….…. 27 4.1. Marco conceptual ………………………………………………..……………….27 4.2. Marco de referencia ……………………………………………….……………. 30 4.3. Marco legal …………………………………………………….…………………36 5. METODOLOGÍA ………………………………………………………….…… 38 5.1. Desarrollo Objetivo 1 …………………………………………………………… 39 5.2. Desarrollo Objetivo 2 ………………………………………………………….…46 5.3. Desarrollo Objetivo 3 ………………………………………………………….…51 5.4. Análisis estadístico …………………………………………………………….…51 6. RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS ………………………………………………… 52 6.1. Diagnóstico PTAR Sesquilé ...................................................................................... 52 6.2 Reactor a escala in situ .............................................................................................. 58 6.2.2 Condiciones de operación del reactor …………………………………………… 60 6.2.1.1 Color ……………………………………………………………………………...63 6.2.1.2 pH ………… ……………………………………………………………………..65 6.2.1.3 Demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) ……………………………………….…..66 6.2.1.4 Nitrógeno ……… …………………………………………………………………69 6.2.1.5 Fósforo …………… ………………………………………………………………71 6.2.1.6 Demanda bioquímica de oxígeno (DBO)5 … …………………………………...73 CÁLCULO DE VELOCIDAD DE REACCIÓN Y VOLUMEN ESTIMADO …….. 79 Cálculo de velocidad de reacción reactor in situ PTAR II Sesquilé, Cundinamarca.. 79 CÁLCULO DE VELOCIDAD DE REACCIÓN REACTOR A ESCALA LABORATORIO …………………………………………………………………...….. 82 Cálculo de –Rj DBO5 – reactor a escala laboratorio ……………….………………….97 Cálculo de –Rj DQO– reactor a escala laboratorio .………………………………….103 Comparación de velocidades de reacción y concentraciones .………………………..109 7. CONCLUSIONES .………………………………………………………………….. 110 8. REFERENCIAS ......………………………………………………………………… 113 The objective of the following work is to optimize the aerobic reactor of the wastewater treatment plant of the municipality of Sesquilé, Cundinamarca (PTAR II), through the implementation of the MUTAG BIOCHIP membrane system, to obtain a technical and economic benefit in the operation and start-up of the treatment process. Maestría Optimisation du réacteur aérobie de la station d'épuration de la municipalité de Sesquilé, Cundinamarca, à travers le système de membrane MUTAG BIOCHIP comme étude de cas.

This study aimed to test (1) the differences of drill practice effect of a constant set of rising repetition and rising set of repetition continually on drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for the beginner table tennis athletes, (2) the differences of the effect of high and low reaction speed on the drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for the beginner table tennis athletes in Yogyakarta, and (3) the relation between drill practice and reaction speed on improving the drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for the beginner table tennis athletes in Yogyakarta. This research used an experiment with a 2 x 2 factorial design. The sample was 20 beginner table tennis athletes in Yogyakarta, taken with random technique from a population of 38 athletes. The instrument for measuring reaction speed was the ruler drop test and for measuring the forehand and backhand drives was the precision of the drive accuracy. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA at significance level α = 0.05. The results of the study were as follows. (1) There were significant differences in the effect of a constant set of rising repetition and rising set of repetitions continually to drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for the beginner table tennis athletes, as proven by the value of F = 7.538 and p = 0.014

The article discusses the problem of behavior and improving the health of students. According to the results of many studies, in recent years there has been a tendency among students to reduce their level of health and physical activity. There are many methods for assessing health, such as the method of determining biological age. The aim of the study is to compare student passports and their biological age. The study was conducted on the basis of the Faculty of Biology and Natural Sciences of DSPU. Ivan Franko, which was attended by 43 students of I-IV courses. The following research methods were used to determine the biological age: testing; questionnaires, observations; methods of generalization, synthesis and analysis. It was found that in comparison with senior courses, students of I-II courses have a biological age higher than the passport. As a result of obtaining information that in the vast majority of respondents who ignored a healthy lifestyle and low low level of physical activity, the actual biological age exceeded the value of the required biological age, they were characterized by accelerated aging and poor health. Analysis of the results of the study showed that most students I-IV showed poor static coordination, decreased attention and reaction speed, as well as reduced respiratory arrest during exhalation. Based on the results of the study, a manual was developed for students with recommendations for reducing biological age.

Tyrimo pagrindimas. Mokslininkai aptinka vis daugiau sąsajų tarp kognityvinių funkcijų ir fizinio aktyvumo. Visgi dauguma tyrimų, nagrinėjančių vienkartinio aerobinio krūvio poveikį kognityvinėms funkcijoms, yra atliekami laboratorinėmis sąlygomis, todėl trūksta informacijos apie skirtingose aplinkose atliekamo vienkartinio aerobinio krūvio poveikį kognityvinėms funkcijoms. Tikslas – nustatyti skirtingose aplinkose atlikto vienkartinio aerobinio krūvio poveikį vyrų kognityvinėms funkcijoms. Metodai. Buvo tiriama 10 fiziškai aktyvių sveikų 23,2 ± 2,2 metų amžiaus vyrų. Buvo taikomas 20 minučių vienkartinis aerobinis krūvis miško, miesto ir uždaroje (salės) aplinkose. Prieš krūvį ir po jo kiekvienoje aplinkoje vertintos kognityvinės funkcijos „Stroop“ bei „Kelio paieškos“ testais. Rezultatai. Protinis lankstumas (p < 0,05; p = 0,01) reikšmingai pagerėjo miško aplinkoje, lyginant su miesto aplinka. Taip pat pastebėta, kad dėmesys (p < 0,05; p = 0,01), reakcijos greitis (p < 0,05; p = 0,02) ir protinis lankstumas (p < 0,05; p = 0,01) reikšmingai pagerėjo krūvį atliekant miško aplinkoje, lyginant su salės aplinka. Išvados. Vienkartinis aerobinis krūvis, atliktas tiek ramioje miško, tiek miesto, tiek uždaroje (salės) aplinkose, reikšmingai pagerino kognityvines funkcijas. Nustatyta, kad protinis lankstumas reikšmingai pagerėjo miško aplinkoje, lyginant su miesto ar uždara aplinka, o dėmesys ir reakcijos greitis statistiškai reikšmingai pagerėjo atliekant krūvį miško aplinkoje, lyginant su salės aplinka., Background. Scientists find more and more connections between cognitive functions and physical activity, but most studies investigating the effects of acute aerobic exercise on cognitive functions are performed under laboratory conditions, so there is not enough information about the effect of acute aerobic exercises performed in different environments on cognitive functions. The goal was to determine the effect of acute aerobic exercises performed in different environments on men’s cognitive functions. Methods. The study included 10 physically active healthy men, 23.2 ± 2.2 years of age. A 20-minute acute aerobic exercise was applied in a forest, a city and an indoor environment. Cognitive functions were assessed in each environment before and after exercise by “Stroop” and “Trail Making” tests. Results. Mental flexibility (p < 0.05; p = 0.01) significantly improved in the forest environment compared to the urban environment. It was also observed that attention (p < 0.05; p = 0.01), reaction speed (p < 0.05; p = 0.02) and mental flexibility (p < 0.05; p = 0.01) significantly improved in the forest environment compared to the indoor environment. Conclusions. Acute aerobic exercise performed in a quiet forest, city and indoor environments significantly improved cognitive functions. It was also observed that mental flexibility significantly improved in the forest environment, compared to the urban or indoor environment, while attention and reaction speed significantly improved in the forest environment, compared to the indoor environment.

The Fenton reaction has been widely used in the pretreatment of lignocellulose. It offers the advantages of simple operation, fast reaction speed, and low pollution. In this study, the effects of different proportions of Fenton reagents on the enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar were compared and analyzed, and the optimal ratio of Fenton reagents was obtained. The maximum yield of enzymatic hydrolysis of glucose in Fenton pretreatment samples was 406 mg/g at H2O2 and Fe2+ concentrations of 1.0 mol/L and 0.01 mol/L, respectively, which was 2.5 times that of untreated samples. Meanwhile, the composition analysis and FT-IR analysis showed that Fenton pretreatment could degrade lignin and hemicellulose effectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that Fenton pretreatment can partially destroy the amorphous region of poplar. These findings will contribute to efforts to improve the viability of the Fenton pretreatment process for converting biomass into energy.

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of a 12 weeks IAAF Kid’s Athletics programme on the psychological and motor fitness abilities of sedentary school-going children. Materials and methods. The study involved 40 students (age 10 to 14 years) with no previous history of systematic training. The subjects were further sub-divided based on their age, i.e. low age (10 to 11 years) and high age (13 to 14 years), and then randomly assigned to either an experimental group (Kid’s Athletics) or a control group. The psychological variables selected were stress tolerance reactive, simple motor speed, simple reaction speed, visual perception, and focused attention, whereas motor variables selected were sit and reach test, standing broad jump, 50m sprint, T-test, and 150m sprint. Tests were conducted pre-training, mid-training, and post-training for motor variables while only pre-training and post-training tests were conducted for psychological variables. Results. The two-way mixed ANOVA revealed a significant difference in all the selected variables (motor and psychological variables) in group × time interaction (p = 0.001 to

This study aimed to investigate the effect of concentration on reaction speed, so that we can find out more about the relationship between reaction rates and factors that influence reaction rates, namely temperature and the concentration of reagents. 10 test tubes are provided on the tube rack, 5 tubes filled with 5 mL H2SO4 (fixed concentration), 5 tubes filled with 5 mL, 4 mL, 3 mL, 2 mL, 1 mL Na2S2O3 0.1 M diluted to volume 5 mL with distilled water. Mix the contents of the tube from the first 5 preparations into the second preparation. The results show that the higher the concentration, the faster the reaction rate. Conversely, the lower the concentration, the slower the reaction rate.

Introduction. A power and speed abilities are the important qualities of athletes, including racing athletes, and a slight improvement of these qualities can contribute to the achievement of sport success. This can be achieved with an effective and quick recovery of an athlete after physical exertion. In this regard the rational training and regimen, vitamins consumption according with seasonal changes, as well as using of pharmacological drugs affecting energy and plastic processes are traditionally in demand. However stricter anti-doping controls in high-performance sports have significantly limited the use of many pharmacological drugs aimed to speed up recovery of athletes. This circumstance determined the need to search for non-drug methods of effective infl uence on the highly qualified athletes′ organism for contributing to the acceleration of recovery, improving the parameters of the musculoskeletal system and neuromuscular coordination processes. The osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions could be such a method. In this regard, it is important to study the osteopathic status of racing athletes, identify common dysfunctions, correct them, and study the effectiveness of osteopathy to achieve optimal recovery of pilots.The goal of research — is to investigate the osteopathic status and the impact of osteopathic correction on the reaction speed of racing athletes.Materials and methods. The study involved 30 professional athletes 15–18 years old, male, participating in races in the youthful formula of the F4 NEZ Championship. The study participants were divided by simple randomization into 2 groups: the experimental (15 people) receiving osteopathic correction for 3 months during the racing season, and the control (15 people) not receiving osteopathic correction. The study was conducted for 3 months. The osteopathic status of racing athletes was assessed before and after osteopathic correction, and the changes in their reaction rate were estimated using the FITLIGHT sensorimotor simulator.Results. The somatic dysfunctions (SD) of the head region, neck region (structural and visceral component), thoracic region (structural and visceral component), lumbar region (structural component), and pelvic region (structural component) were detected in athletes-racers at the study beginning. Differences between the groups in the frequency of detected dysfunctions were statistically insignificant (p>0,05). There was a decrease in the detection of regional SD frequency in the experimental group at the study end after the performed osteopathic correction. On the contrary, the detection frequency of these dysfunctions in the control group increased at the study end. The differences between the groups in the frequency of detected regional dysfunctions became statistically significant (p0,05).Conclusion. There was detected a decrease in the regional SD detection frequency of athletes-racers, and a tendency to improve their reaction speed indicators under the conditions of using osteopathic correction during the racing season of youth formula 4 athletes.

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk for neurocognitive impairments. While disease-modifying treatment, such as hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea), may decrease this risk, it has not been systematically investigated in children with SCD. We screened neurocognitive functioning in 103 adolescents with SCD (16-17 years, 50% female) and compared outcomes between patients with a history of exposure to hydroxycarbamide (n = 12 HbSC/HbSβ+ thalassaemia; n = 52 HbSS/HbSβ0 thalassaemia) and those never treated with hydroxycarbamide (n = 31 HbSC/HbSβ+ thalassaemia; n = 8 HbSS/HbSβ0 thalassaemia). Demographic distributions were similar between the groups. After adjusting for socioeconomic status, the hydroxycarbamide group had significantly higher scores on nonverbal IQ (HbSC/HbSβ thalassaemia: P = 0·036, effect size [d] = 0·65), reaction speed (HbSS/HbSβ0 thalassaemia: P = 0·002, d = 1·70), sustained attention (HbSS/HbSβ0 thalassaemia: P = 0·014, d = 1·30), working memory (HbSC/HbSβ+ thalassaemia: P = 0·034, d = 0·71) and verbal memory (HbSC/HbSβ+ thalassaemia: P = 0·038, d = 0·84) when compared to those who did not receive hydroxycarbamide. In patients with HbSS/HbSβ0 thalassaemia, longer treatment duration with hydroxycarbamide was associated with better verbal memory (P = 0·009) and reading (P = 0·002). Markers of hydroxycarbamide effect, including higher fetal haemoglobin (HbF), higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and lower white blood cell count (WBC), were associated with better verbal fluency (HbF: P = 0·014, MCV: P = 0·006, WBC: P = 0·047) and reading (MCV: P = 0·021, WBC: P = 0·037). Cognitive impairment may be mitigated by exposure to hydroxycarbamide in adolescents with SCD.

Police officers occasionally encounter belligerents resisting or even physically assaulting them without or with objects. The self-defense or legal utilization of use of force to disable the offender from harming an officer or others may depend on a single movement speed of hands and legs. This study investigated the effects of task complexity on a single movement response time of the upper and lower limbs in police officers. The sample consisted of 32 male police officers aged between 23 and 50 years. They performed a single movement as fast as possible with their upper and lower limb in three incrementally more complex tasks. In the first task, participants acted on a light signal and with their dominant limb they had to turn off the signal as fast as possible. In the second task, on the light signal, participants could turn off the light with free choice of the upper limb in a hand task or lower limb in a leg task. In the third task, participants had to turn the light off with the right limb if the light turned red and with the left limb if the light turned blue. The BlazePod device was used to assess the movement response time. The results show that there was a significant effect of task complexity on the single movement response time of the hand (F = 24.5, p < 0.001) and leg (F = 46.2, p < 0.001). The training of police officers should utilize specific and situational tasks to improve movement response time by improving the redundancy in decision-making processes during work-specific tasks of different complexity.

Cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je pronalazak rješenja sprave za vježbanje brzine reakcije na vizualni podražaj u borilačkim sportovima u vidu pneumatskog sustava. Kao mjerodavni borilački sport odabran je taekwondo. Rad je podijeljen na četiri dijela. Prvi dio rada uvod je u razvoj borilačkih sportova te pobliže opisuje taekwondo kao borilačku vještinu i pneumatiku kao važnu granu inženjerstva i automatike. Drugo poglavlje prikazuje idejno rješenje postavljenog problema. Sljedeće poglavlje prikazuje tijek izrade cjelokupnog sustava. Četvrto poglavlje donosi konačne testove i puštanje sustava u rad. The main goal of this thesis was designing and constructing an exercise machine which is meant to improve reaction speed to visual stimulus in martial arts. The chosen technical solution was to use pneumatic system and the chosen martial art was taekwondo. This paper is divided in four parts. The first part is an introduction into martial arts, taekwondo and its development and it introduces pneumatics. The second chapter presents the chosen solution and design. Third chapter describes the building process. Fourth and final chapter shows the final tests and the fully operating pneumatic system at work.

A new method for the determination of oxytetracycline (OTC) has been established by coupling the catalytic amplification reaction of copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) with the aptamer reaction. CuNCs prepared by a wet chemical method have the catalytic activity for the formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) resulting from a HAuCl4-ethanol (En) reaction. The experimental results showed that OTC aptamer (Apt) can be adsorbed on the surface of CuNCs in a non-specific way, thus inhibiting its catalytic activity. When OTC was added to the solution, the OTC-Apt complex was generated by a specific reaction, which made the CuNCs desorb and restore their catalytic activity. With the increase of OTC, the recovery of the catalytic activity of CuNCs is strengthened, the reaction speed is accelerated, and the number of AuNPs is increased. The generated AuNPs exhibited surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals at 1615 cm−1 in the presence of Vitoria blue 4R (VB4R) molecular probes, and a resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) peak at 586 nm. There is a good linear relationship between the intensities of SERS, or RRS, and OTC concentration at the range of 37.5–300 ng/L or 37.5–225 ng/L, respectively. A new SERS and RRS assay for the determination of trace OTC based on the regulation of CuNCs catalysis was established.

The ballistic interval We lack a stabilometric parameter that gives us information about the reaction speed of the upright postural control system. This article provides a way to extract this information from the diffusion analysis where it is present. No clinical application of this new parameter can be provided. It is only observed that it is redundant with no conventional parameter.

It presents the design, development, and implementation of the ultrasonic reactor in laboratory level for batch transesterification with temperature variation, with a mechanic and electronic modular development; its operational characteristics were obtained through commercial equipment revision. To evaluate its performance, a mixture was made using castor oil, methanol, and potassium hydroxide, to obtain biodiesel and glycerin; by taking the glycerin stoichiometric value obtained in the reaction as the reference production value, an efficiency of 97% was reached with only the ultrasound incidence. In the processes with external temperature incidence, it was observed that it influences the reaction speed, since the stabilization times are around 30% less than the other observed processes. Resumen Se presenta el diseño, desarrollo e implementación de un reactor ultrasónico a nivel de laboratorio para transesterificación por lotes con variación de temperatura; por medio de un desarrollo modular mecánico y electrónico, cuyas características de operación se obtuvieron a partir de una revisión de equipos comerciales. Para evaluar su desempeño se realiza una mezcla de aceite de higuerilla, metanol e hidróxido de potasio, para obtener biodiesel y glicerina; tomando el valor estequiométrico de la glicerina obtenida en la reacción como valor de referencia de producción, se alcanza un 97% de eficiencia con sólo la incidencia del ultrasonido, en los procesos con incidencia de temperatura externa se observa que esta influye en la velocidad de reacción, ya que los tiempos de estabilización son alrededor del 30% menores respecto a los demás procesos observados.

The interaction of motor and cognitive brain systems while performing the tasks of processing information of different modality and complexity is an important component of the brain’s integrative activity, which provides the individual adaptation of a person to changing environmental conditions. 116 individuals participated in the research; there were right-handed children aged 7–8, adolescents aged 11–12 and 15–16, and young men aged 19–20 among them. The investigated individuals performed a cognitive task, which included determining the modalities of a signal, the shape of a figure, the meaning of a word, and the fast and error-free reaction of differentiation with left (goL) or right (goR) hand or inhibition of motor action (nogo). The motor task involved a quick reaction to signals of different modality in the go/go/go mode. The results show that in the ontogenesis, the interaction of motor and cognitive brain systems gradually increases during processing of information of different modality and complexity by children, adolescents and young people. Closer functional interaction of motor and cognitive brain systems according to the indicators of speed and success of performing both tasks was found to be greater in the young men aged 19–20 and the adolescents aged 15–16 and 11–12 than in the children aged 7–8. The investigated individuals with the high-speed level of performing cognitive tasks were characterized with reliably higher indicators of motor reactions. Correlation analysis confirmed the statistically significant relationship between the speed characteristics of the motor and cognitive functional systems of the brain. The age dynamics of functional interaction between the motor and cognitive systems, as well as the speed and success of performing tasks depended on the mode selection of information processing. The success and speed of performing different variants of motor tasks in the go/go/go mode were higher in all age groups than in the conditions of the combined motor and cognitive tasks while differentiating goL/nogo/goR. The functional interaction of motor and cognitive brain systems in children, adolescents and young men while processing information increased gradually and depended on the modality of signals. The speed and success of results of performing motor and cognitive tasks were higher than for imaginative signals, and lower than for verbal ones for all age groups. Left-brain dominance of functional asymmetry was found for the cognitive systems. The number of mistakes on words was always less and the reaction speed was higher for the right hand than for the left one in the goL/nogo/goR mode. Asymmetry was weaker in the children aged 7–8 for the combined tasks using imaginative stimuli, and statistically significant in the groups of adolescents aged 11–12 and young men aged 15–16 and 19–20 for verbal signals presented in the goL/nogo/goR mode. The research results and methods can be used for the prognostic estimate of human activity in the conditions of complex information loads and neurodegenerative diseases.

Research has explored acute effects of light level and correlated color temperature (CCT) of indoor lighting on subjective measures of alertness and task performance during daytime. Yet, these investigations did not render a conclusive or consistent finding on the relative contribution of illuminance and CCT on various cognitive domains. The current study (N = 57) investigated diurnal effects of illuminance level (100 lx vs. 1000 lx at eye level) and correlated color temperature (3000 K vs. 6500 K) in a simulated office environment on subjective alertness and performance in sustained attention, response inhibition, conflict monitoring, and working memory. Moreover, effects on mood and appraisals were explored. The findings revealed that the high vs. low CCT manipulation elicited no statistically significant benefits on subjective alertness and task performance, but revealed an increase in negative affect. Exposure to high vs. low illuminance rendered subtle benefits on participants’ mood and selectively improved performance. Reaction speed in the Go/No-go task and Flanker task (only incongruent trials) were significantly enhanced with 1000 lx compared to 100 lx lighting, but not statistically significant in the PVT task or the PVSAT task. Effects are discussed in consideration of task type and melanopic activation under the various light conditions.

The objective of the study is to reuse printed circuit boards which are mainly made of copper. Most top down and bottom up approaches for the synthesis of Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) needs pure copper (II) sulfate or any other copper salts as a raw material. For the expensive non-ecofriendly reasons, here we used wasted Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) as an alternative source of copper and Ocimum Sanctum leaf extract was used as a redox agent. Equally distributed, spherically shaped CuNPs around 14.6-19.7nm size were obtained by this process. Further characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was done with UV-Vis spectrophotometer, AFM, FT-IR, SEM and EDAX. Essential physical parameters like pH, Temperature, Reaction Speed were examined for the CuNPs synthesis optimization process. These CuNPs were reused for assessing dye decolorisation promisingly 70% of dye got decolorized. Based on this study, we conclude that wasted PCBs can be an alternative raw source for CuNPs synthesis and the synthesized nanoparticles can be used for environmental pollution control.

Summary Study aim: To assess the effects of fatigue on agility and responsiveness in boxing. Material and methods: Agroup of 20 amateur boxers aged 14–45 years participated in the study. Ditrich’s test and acomputer test, both measuring the speed of reaction to avisual stimulus, as well as agility run and 4 × 10 m shuttle run with carrying blocks, both measuring agility, were performed. Running agility and reaction speed were measured at 3levels of fatigue expressed by the heart rates. The capacity to maintain the highest possible level of measured variables was assessed by applying the performance index (PI) (mean value of three or four (in the case of Ditrich’s test) repetitions to the maximum one). Student’s t-test for dependent data and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used in data analysis, the level p ≤ 0.05 being considered significant. Results: Both running agility and responsiveness markedly decreased with mounting fatigue, e.g. running speed from 1.73 ± 0.12 m/s to 1.55 ± 0.11 m/s. Conclusion: Developing anaerobic endurance would markedly improve agility skills and speed of reaction to external stimuli. Measuring the performance index (PI) from short, maximal, repeated exertions spaced with constant intermissions may be a valuable tool in directing training activities towards development of selected elements of boxers’ physical fitness.

International audience; The experimental investigation of the unidirectional motion characterizing the photoisomerization of single-molecule rotary motors requires accessible lab prototypes featuring an electronic circular dichroism (ECD) signal that is sensitive to the geometrical and electronic changes occurring during an ultrafast reactive process. Here we report a combined experimental/computational study of a candidate obtained via the asymmetrization of a light-driven biomimetic molecular switch. We show that the achieved motor has an ECD band that is remarkably sensitive to the isomerization motion, and it is therefore suitable for time-resolved ECD studies. However, we also find that, unexpectedly, the synthesized motor isomerizes on a time scale longer than the subpicosecond time measured for the achiral parent, a result that points to alternative candidates conserving a high reaction speed.

In this study, the hardening reaction speed of a rocket motor liner based on the aging of a curing system comprised of a hardener and hardening catalyst was observed. It was indicated that as the aging time of the curing system increased, the liner viscosity build-up was accelerated. The raw material having the biggest impact on the hardening reaction of the curing system’s liner was triphenylbismuth (TPB). Stirring isophorone diisocyanate and TPB forms activated complex, and the activated complex facilitates urethane reaction. If TPB is ligand bound with isocyanate, it forms TPB-isocyanate complex. This is a type of TPB’s oxide, and the formation of activated complex through changes in its color. In addition, lining hardening time can be adjusted by the aging period of the curing system through this study, and adhesive strength with the liner and propellant can be improved.

As important pollutant in VOCs, toluene has serious impact on people's health and ed by using hydrotalcite as precursor due to the characteristics of its unique composition and controllable structure. Thus the technical problems of difficult control of structure and high cost of nano catalyst were solved. The mixed metal oxide was used as catalyst for toluene removal and its catalytic performance was studied. The results show that the hydrotalcite precursor with good structure can be obtained by both co-precipitation and hydrothermal method. The well-structured precursor can be synthesized in the range of mole ratios of 0:2:1 to 2:0:1 by different methods. When the reaction temperature is above 80 °C, the reaction speed is fast and the crystalline of hydrotalcite is high. The removal efficiency of toluene by catalyst assisted low temperature plasma is better than that of single low temperature plasma. The best catalytic removal efficiency of toluene is 42.10%, which is 1.8 times higher than that of single low temperature plasma. The order of catalytic performance of different catalysts and low temperature plasma for toluene removal is as follows: Zn-Mg-Al > Cu-Mg-Al > Mg-Al > Co-Mg-Al.