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In India, water contamination is a serious environmental issue. Untreated sewage is typically the main cause of water contamination in India. Protecting water quality for sustainable livelihoods and poverty reduction becomes a greatest challenge with the technological change and population growth. Measurement of Water Quantity and Real Time Monitoring becomes mandate to advance the water stewardship. In this paper, to keep track of the quality, smart water quality monitoring system(Ph, temperature, turbidity) and analysing of water quantity (flow or level) based on IOT is proposed for the study area of Okkiyam Maduvu, watershed in Chennai. This system is implemented using various sensors to measure the water quality like Ph, temperature, turbidity sensor and for analysing water water quantity used flow or level sensors. All these sensors are controlled by using the microcontroller - Arduino ESP32. This proposed system is placed in the study area Okkiyam Maduvu watershed to monitor water quality and quantity and visualized those sensed data using the IOT platform through Blynk App. This helps to know the water level and its quality of Okkiyam Maduvu watershed and it helps to take necessary precaution if the water quality is reduced and its level raised beyond the level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu2O-Ag nanoheterostructure was synthesized by a simple and eco-friendly co-precipitation method, and its morphologic structure, linear and nonlinear optical properties were studied. Though pure Cu2O nano- and microparticles are known for their nonlinear absorption properties, current studies show that Ag nanoparticle in contact with Cu2O can significantly change the nonlinear response. When compared to pure Cu2O, our results indicate that Cu2O-Ag composite shows a saturable absorption behavior at lower excitation powers and flips to reverse saturable absorption at higher excitation powers. The composite also results in the bandgap modification and opens an extra window for two-photon absorption, while the excited state absorption was more probable in pure Cu2O. Interband transition occurs in Ag nanoparticle due to simultaneous two-photon absorption when excited by 532 nm. The excited carriers decay through nonradiative relaxation processes, leading to an increase in the nonlinear scattering mechanism, and the nonlinear scattering is found to increase with the excitation intensity. TEM data reveal the formation of spherical nanoheterostructure of Cu2O and Ag nanoparticles of ~ 30 nm diameter. XRD analysis provided further insight into the morphologic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irula tribes in india live in rural areas under poor infrastructure, high poverty, low education, ignorant on the origin of diseases. Although, their lifestyle made them vulnerable to a variety of infectious diseases. Only few studies have been conducted on them, hence, there is inadequate data about these Irula tribal health. Serum samples were collected from 372 Participants of Irula tribes from 15 different locations of Tamil Nadu. Serum samples were tested for Hepatitis C Virus (Anti-HCV) by 3rd generation ELISA kit and data were subjected to analysis using SPSS (version 17.0) and Chi square test to determine the risk factors of Hepatitis C virus. HCV prevalence was 5.10 % and this percentage was high among females than males with the age group of 31 to 40. Among the various risk factors, were statistically analyzed (p<0.05) with HCV infection. The frequency of combination of risk factors were found in HJ+A+IDU+SI+M (100 %), A+IDU+SP (100 %) in Anti-HCV positive Irula tribes of Tamil Nadu. High prevalence of HCV infection was observed among the tribal population with the various risk factors such as series of injection, surgery with or without blood transfusion, tattooing sexual promiscuity, migration, jaundice in family and intravenous drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation has been carried out to study the effect of hydrodynamic boundary layer flow over an unsteady porous stretching surface in the presence of non-uniform heat source/sink. Heat transfer characteristics are examined for variable wall temperature and variable heat flux of boundary conditions. The governing equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations by similarity transformation and solved numerically by Runge-Kutta fourth order method in association with quasilinear shooting technique. The effects of unsteadiness parameter, permeability parameter, magnetic parameter, Prandtl number and heat source or sink parameter are represented graphically and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The molecular binding orientation with respect to the electrode plays a pivotal role in determining the performance of molecular devices. However, accomplishing in situ modulation of single-molecule binding orientation remains a great challenge due to the lack of suitable testing systems and characterization approaches. To this end, by employing a developed STM-BJ technique, we demonstrate that the conductance of pyridine-anchored molecular junctions decreases as the applied voltage increases, which is determined by the repeated formation of thousands of gold-molecule-gold dynamic break junctions. In contrast, the static fixed molecular junctions (the distance between two electrodes is fixed) with identical molecules exhibit a reverse tendency as the bias voltage increases. Supported by flicker noise measurements and theoretical calculations, we provide compelling evidence that the orientation of nitrogen-gold bonds (a universal coordinate bond) in the pyridine-anchored molecular junctions can be manipulated to align with the electric field by the synergistic action of the mechanical stretching force and the electric fields, whereas either stimulus alone cannot achieve the same effect. Our study provides a framework for characterizing and regulating the orientation of a single coordinate bond, offering an approach to control electron transport through single molecular junctions., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)