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Abstract The State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF) has been developing for fifteen years a breeding program that aims at the development of new cultivars of elephant grass due to its high potential and the low availability of cultivars developed by genetic breeding programs that meet the needs of producers in the State of Rio de Janeiro. In this sense, inbred families were also obtained as a way of fixing potential alleles for traits related to production, as the inbreeding process apparently does not strongly affect elephant grass in aspects related to inbreeding depression. This study aimed to estimate genetic diversity, variance components and prediction of genotypic values in 11 (S1) elephant grass families, and perform the truncation and simultaneous selection of traits using the selection index, by mixed models. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with 11 (S1) families, three replications, and six plants per plot. For variables dry matter production, percentage of dry matter, plant height, stem diameter, number of tillers and leaf blade width, was performed the estimation of genetic parameters and selection of the best genotypes based selection index using mixed model. The descriptors were subjected to correlation analysis, distance matrices were generated by the Mahalanobis method, and individuals were grouped by the UPGMA method. In the selection via mixed models (REML/BLUP), families 6, 11, 8, 1, 3, 7, and 9 contributed most of the genotypes selected for the evaluated traits, indicating their high potential to generate superior genotype. The selection indices via mixed models indicated that the multiplicative index presented a greater selection gain.The phenotypic correlations showed the possibility of performing an indirect selection from six evaluated traits.The genotypes were separated into 18 groups by the Mahalanobis distance, allowing the observation of a wide genetic diversity. The most divergent and productive genotypes were self-fertilized to obtain the second generation (S2), continuing the development program.

Abstract Common bean provides diet rich in vitamins, fiber, minerals, and protein, which could contribute into food security of needy populations in many countries. Developing genotypes that associate favorable agronomic and grain quality traits in the common bean crop could increase the chances of adopting new cultivars black bean. In this context, the present study aimed at selection of superior black bean lines using multi-variate indexes, Smith-Hazel-index, and genotype by yield*trait biplot analysis. These trials were conducted in Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ, in 2020 and 2021. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with 28 treatments and three replications. The experimental unit consisted of four rows 4.0 m long, spaced at 0.50 m apart, with a sowing density of 15 seeds per meter. The two central rows were used for the evaluations. The selection of superior genotypes was conducted using the multiple trait stability index (MTSI), multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI), multi-trait index based on factor analysis and genotype-ideotype distance (FAI-BLUP), Smith-Hazel index, and Genotype by Yield*Trait Biplot (GYT). The multivariate indexes efficiently selected the best black bean genotypes, presenting desirable selection gains for most traits. The use of multivariate indexes and GYT enable the selection of early genotypes with higher grain yields. These lines G9, G13, G17, G23, and G27 were selected based on their performance for multiple traits closest to the ideotype and could be recommended as new varieties.

O artigo busca analisar o potencial da imaginação cidadã gerada pela série Segunda Chamada (Globo, 2019-2021), com o objetivo de compreender que possibilidades de engajamento político e social do público em contato com o imaginário gerado pela ficção televisiva no Brasil, que coloca em diálogo diferentes formas de vida. Para tanto, é feita uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a noção de cidadania, bem como de imaginação e imaginário, a fim de se compreender as dinâmicas conceituais de imaginação cidadã. A partir do referencial, é feita uma breve análise das tramas narrativas da primeira temporada de Segunda Chamada. Ao final, as considerações a respeito da pesquisa, de natureza exploratória, indicando desdobramentos para futuras investigações sobre a temática.

The objective of this work was to develop an innovative LoRa-based platform that provides a low-cost and customizable solution for real-time monitoring of soil parameters. The system architecture was based on four levels: environmental (rural), sensors and actuators, communication network, and application, with the code made available for operation. The collected data were transmitted to data collection points using LoRa technology. The application level allowed for data storage, analysis, and visualization, enabling end-users to remotely monitor and control environmental measurement operations. With LoRa technology range tests, results indicated the capability to cover a maximum area between 95 and 120 hectares in the studied areas. Additionally, the collected data were sent to ThingSpeak.com and a mobile application called Thingsview. This demonstrated the efficiency and viability of LoRa technology for industrial communication sensor and IoT applications in rural environments, offering automation, increased efficiency, and savings in human resources for environmental monitoring tasks.

The increasing conversion of natural areas for anthropic land use has been a major cause of habitat loss, destabilizing ecosystems and leading to a biodiversity crisis. Passive acoustic sensors open the possibility of remotely sensing fauna on large spatial and temporal scales, improving our understanding of the current state of biodiversity and the effects of human influences. Acoustic indices have been widely used and tested in recent years, with an aim towards understanding the relationship between indices and the acoustic activity of several taxa in different types of environments. However, studies have shown divergent relationships between acoustic indices and the vocal activity of most soniferous taxa. A combination of indices has, in turn, been reported as a promising tool for representing biodiversity in different contexts. We used uni- and bivariate models to test different combinations of 8 common indices in relation to bird assemblage metrics. We recorded twenty-two study sites in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest and three different types of environments in each site (forest, pasture, and swamp). Our results showed that 1) the best acoustic indices for explaining bird richness, abundance, and diversity were Bioacoustic and Acoustic Complexity; 2) the type of environment (forest, pasture, and swamp) influenced the performance of acoustic indices in explaining bird biodiversity, with the highest score model (biggest R2 value) being a combination between Acoustic Diversity and Bioacoustic indices. Our results do support the use of acoustic indices in monitoring the acoustic activity of birds, but combining indices is encouraged since it provided the best results. However, given the divergence we found across environments, we recommend that sets of indices are tested to determine which of them best describe the biodiversity pattern models for a specific habitat. Based on our results, we propose that biodiversity patterns can be predicted through acoustic patterns. However, the level of confidence will depend on the acoustic index used and on focal taxa of interest (i.e., birds, amphibians, insects, and mammals).

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of great importance for One Health. In this context, the Amazonian biome may harbor numerous hosts for Leptospira spp. that contribute to the maintenance of the pathogen in the environment. Some reptiles, such as chelonians, have been little studied in terms of their involvement with leptospires. The objective of this study was to detect Leptospira spp. DNA in Kinosternon scorpioides turtles kept in captivity in a region of the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 147 samples of blood (n = 40), cloacal fluid (n = 27), cloacal lavage (n = 40), and stomach (n = 40) were collected from 40 chelonians. After DNA extraction, the samples were subjected to amplification of a 331 base pair product of the 16S rRNA gene using the Lep1 and Lep2 primers. PCR products were Sanger sequenced, assembled, and subjected to online blast search and phylogenetic analysis. Of the animals tested, 40% (16/40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 25–55) had at least one or two samples positive for Leptospira spp. Considering the total number of samples collected, 12.93% (19/147) were positive, being blood clots (27.5%; 11/40), followed by cloacal washings (10%; 4/40), cloacal fluid (11.11%; 3/27) and gastric washings (2.5%; 1/40). Of these, 11 samples were sequenced and showed 99% to 100% identity with Leptospira interrogans sequences, which was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. This is the first study to detect pathogenic Leptospira DNA in chelonians in a region of the Brazilian Amazon. It has been concluded that K. scorpioides turtles in captivity have been exposed to pathogenic Leptospira.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar qualitativa e quantitativamente os critérios utilizados pelos magistrados na definição da medida socioeducativa e a importância de a decisão judicial ser fundamentada em evidências. Com base em uma pesquisa empírica, verificou-se a discricionariedade dos juízes, a disparidade de tratamento tanto na forma como no rigor na aplicação das medidas socioeducativas e a não utilização de um instrumento de avaliação de risco e necessidades, o que acarreta uma prevalência do viés punitivista em detrimento do ressocializador, além da subvalorização de fatores associados à reincidência. A adoção de um instrumental é medida premente que pode contribuir para a efetividade das medidas socioeducativas, potencializando a integração social do adolescente e a garantia de seus direitos individuais e sociais.

ABSTRACT The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that by 2025 about 2.3 billion adults will be overweight, with more than 700 million obese. Obese patients with joint pain and reduced physical function represent a challenging group to treat effectively. Objective: To evaluate patients undergoing bariatric surgery and the implications of this surgery on knee joint pain and to conduct anamnesis and apply specific questionnaires to deepen the discussion and elucidate the knee joint symptoms related to obesity. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study with tabulation and analysis of collected data. Results: We obtained a significant result when comparing knee pain pre and post-surgery, in which pain increased by 15.8%. Conclusion: Although worsening or maintenance of pain may occur, this fact is associated to factors such as the increase of functional activities of a joint that was previously in disuse and the loss of muscle mass as a sustainer. We concluded that the improvement of joint pain complaints were mainly due to the reduction of joint overload. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

Abstract Background There is growing evidence that individuals within populations can vary in both habitat use and movement behavior, but it is still not clear how these two relate to each other. The aim of this study was to test if and how individual bats in a Stunira lilium population differ in their movement activity and preferences for landscape features in a correlated manner. Methods We collected data on movements of 27 individuals using radio telemetry. We fitted a heterogeneous-space diffusion model to the movement data in order to evaluate signals of movement variation among individuals. Results S. lilium individuals generally preferred open habitat with Solanum fruits, regularly switched between forest and open areas, and showed high site fidelity. Movement variation among individuals could be summarized in four movement syndromes: (1) average individuals, (2) forest specialists, (3) explorers which prefer Piper, and (4) open area specialists which prefer Solanum and Cecropia. Conclusions Individual preferences for landscape features plus food resource and movement activity were correlated, resulting in different movement syndromes. Individual variation in preferences for landscape elements and food resources highlight the importance of incorporating explicitly the interaction between landscape structure and individual heterogeneity in descriptions of animal movement.

Purpose: The development biosensing technologies capable of delivering fast and reliable analysis is a growing trend in drug quality control. Considering the emerging use of plant-based polyphenol oxidases (PPO) as biological component of electrochemical biosensors, this work reports the first Solanum lycocarpum PPO biosensor and its use in the pharmaceutical analysis of paracetamol in tablet formulations. Methods: The biosensor was optimized regarding fruit maturation (immature and mature-ripe), vegetal extract volume to be used in biosensor construction as well as optimal pH of electrochemical cell fluid. Results: Results evidenced that the extract which rendered the biosensor with best analytical performance was from immature fruits, and the biosensor produced using 100 µL of crude plant extract promoted better faradaic signal gathering. Moreover, when neutral pH media was used in the electrochemical cell, the biosensor showcased best faradaic signal output from the used redox probe (catechol), suggesting thence that the method presents high sensibility for phenolic compounds detection. Furthermore, the biosensor was able to quantify paracetamol in a linear range from 50 to 300 μM, showcasing LoD and LoQ of 3 μM and 10 μM, respectively. Conclusion: after careful evaluation, this biosensor might be a low-cost alternative for conventional pharmaceutical quality control methods.

No Brasil existe um grande número de grupos étnicos de povos indígenas, apesar de o processo de colonização ter exterminado várias outras etnias. A etnia Kanela do Araguaia apresenta características distintas de outras etnias, devido ao seu contexto histórico de expulsão de suas terras e o seu deslocamento para outra região. Diante disso, esse artigo tem como objetivo compreender a inserção de jovens indígenas da etnia Kanela do Araguaia na Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), visando identificar as dificuldades enfrentadas por esses jovens no cenário acadêmico. Foram realizadas entrevistas com três acadêmicos indígenas da UFG dos Cursos de Enfermagem, Agronomia e Engenharia Elétrica. A pesquisa possibilitou dar voz aos acadêmicos indígenas que expressaram os seus anseios enquanto portadores do direito ao acesso a uma educação pública e de qualidade. Foi possível compreender através dos relatos que os entrevistados consideram uma grande conquista ingressar em uma universidade pública, no entanto ainda é um grande desafio para os indígenas tanto o ingresso quanto a permanência em uma instituição de ensino superior, dado o contexto de preconceito com esses povos e a dificuldade de inserção no meio, principalmente em relação à língua.

PURPOSEAn expert panel on breast cancer and COVID-19 disease was convened to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for early breast cancer (eBC) management.METHODSTo ensure that the most clinically relevant information was addressed, essential information was drawn from several of the latest national and international guidelines and another technical document. The expert panel met in five virtual closed sessions from November 2020 to May 2021 to consult on the relevant data from evidence-based results. The data gathered were discussed on an online platform.RESULTSThis article reports the expert panel's highlights of these meetings' discussions. In addition, it provides practical recommendations covering topics regarding diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients with eBC in clinical settings routinely encountered by health care professionals amid the COVID-19 pandemic.CONCLUSIONThis article provided guidance on several topics regarding eBC management amid the COVID-19 pandemics to inform safer care practices.

Introdução: O climatério é vivenciado de formas distintas pelas mulheres, com variações na sintomatologia, de acordo com aspectos físicos, demográficos, socioeconômicos e culturais. Autores de todo o mundo descreveram características peculiares da percepção e da vivência do climatério entre mulheres de diferentes raças. Entretanto, sintomas climatéricos podem se sobrepor a problemas de saúde associados ao envelhecimento, tais como as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e doenças crônicas baseadas na adiposidade, se fazendo desejáveis estudos que avaliem essas relações em diferentes populações e regiões. Objetivo: Analisar fatores relacionados à maior frequência de sintomas em mulheres climatéricas no município de Presidente Kennedy, estado de Tocantins, Brasil. Métodos: Realizou-se uma investigação descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa com coleta de dados transversal realizada entre novembro de 2019 a janeiro de 2020. As participantes do estudo foram mulheres assistidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família. Foram incluídos indivíduos do sexo feminino, na faixa etária entre 40 e 65 anos, que não fossem usuárias de terapia hormonal ou contraceptivos hormonais, sem histerectomia prévia e doenças crônico degenerativas. A coleta foi operacionalizada por entrevista facilitada por profissional de saúde treinado de forma individual em um ambiente tranquilo e reservado. As participantes responderam dois questionários, sendo um criado pelos autores da pesquisa exclusivamente para este estudo, com perguntas objetivas, com respostas “sim” ou “não”, cujo objetivo era realizar o levantamento de dados antropométricos, sociodemográficos e hábitos cotidianos, tais como satisfação com o sono, uso de álcool e tabagismo, prática de atividades físicas e viver em ambiente estressante. O outro questionário respondido pelas participantes foi o Índice Menopausal de Blatt e Kupperman (IMBK), para avaliação clínica dos sintomas climatéricos. Para predizer o impacto dos diversos fatores de risco considerados sobre a ocorrência de sintomas climatéricos foi empregado o método de regressão logística, utilizando como variável dependente a intensidade dos sintomas climatéricos, de acordo com a padronização “pouco sintomáticas” e “muito sintomáticas”. As variáveis com significância estatística na análise univariada foram incluídas no modelo multivariado, bem como apresenta-se Odds Ratio (OR) (IC 95%). Foi considerado valor p≤0,05 para significância estatística. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da instituição proponente sob CAAE 19554919.9.0000.5377. Resultados: Participaram 120 mulheres divididas em sintomáticas e assintomáticas segundo a frequência de sintomas climatéricos. O risco para sintomas climatéricos foi maior para tabagistas (OR 12 e 43 respectivamente), nas que autoreferiram alteração do sono (OR de 2,1), viver em ambiente rotineiramente estressante (OR de 11,4) e sedentárias (OR de 2,66). Essas variáveis, em conjunto, mostraram-se significantes na análise univariada, mas somente as variáveis não ser fisicamente ativo e ser tabagista foi significante no modelo de regressão logística multivariada (p=0,0013; r2=0,12). Conclusão: A maior frequência de sintomas do climatério feminino nesta amostra esteve relacionada as mulheres com hábitos de vida não saudável como, tabagismo, sedentarismo e estresse. Logo, sugere-se como recurso para atenuação dos sintomas climatéricos, propostas com abordagem multidimensional a saúde humana (físico, mental, social, espiritual), que favoreçam ações promotoras de saúde pensadas para a saúde da mulher na etapa de transição climatérica.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the complication rate of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in octogenarian patients and identify predictive factors. Methods: The study comprised 70 octogenarians and 70 non-octogenarian patients as control group, all submitted to TKA. We analyzed the medical records of these patients, seeking for complications during the first postoperative year. Regarding the risk factors, we evaluated: age, sex, race, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, body mass index, smoking, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Results: In the control group, the incidence of complications was 7.1%. Whereas in the octogenarian group it was significantly higher, reaching 34.3% (OR 6.8; 95% CI 2.4-19.1). We found no association to sex, skin color, and comorbidities. Age is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. Our data may help patients to acknowledge the risks of undergoing primary TKA and physicians to assess and adjust perioperative risk. Conclusion: The incidence of postoperative complications is significantly higher in octogenarians. Level of Evidence III, Case-control study.

Recently, the widespread use of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has meant a significant shift in communication and network cloud-based services. NFV increases network function, allocation, and flexibility, for the implementation of new network services, The benefits from optimizing resource allocation in NFV data center include automation of the operational processes, reducing the operational efforts, and lowering capital costs. Despite being a hot topic, NFV data centers are still in their early stages. In this sense, there are some aspects involved in the current NFV implementations that required further investigation, such as performance evaluation and managemen. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of NFV applications in data center. Therefore, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted aimed at studying and synthesizing the available works in the NFV state-of-the-art. Consequently, about 1,408 papers have been analyzed and filtered, evidencing a total of 65 relevant studies. This paper documents the relevance of the 65 papers, as well as provides an indepth insight into the primary open research questions concerning NFV architecture. In particular, highlighting the need for consolidating the integration of NFV in data centers by solving problems related to performance, dependability, resource allocation, cost, management, and resource interoperability. Based on the conducted SLR, several research gaps and open challenges have been identified, allowing the authors to provide new propositions and suggested future research avenues. Finally, the obtained results have shown that there is a strong need for further collaboration between academia and industry to conduct quality research and advance NFV practical implementations.

Pregnancy complicated by obesity is associated with adverse triggered gestational and neonatal outcomes, with reductions in the subtypes of CD4+ T-lymphocytes representing the modulators of inflammation. It needs to be better established how maternal nutritional statuses impact the neuroendocrine–immune system’s action and affect the immunological mechanisms of the maternal–infant relationship via breastfeeding. This study examined the effects of maternal obesity on human colostrum lymphocytes and the intracellular mechanisms of lymphocyte modulation in the presence of leptin, adiponectin, and melatonin via cell proliferation; the release of intracellular calcium; and apoptosis induction. This cross-sectional study analyzed colostrum samples from 52 puerperal splits and divided them into overweight and eutrophic groups. Colostrum lymphocytes underwent immunophenotyping and cell proliferation by flow cytometry and intracellular calcium release and apoptosis assays by immunofluorescence in the presence or absence of hormones. Significant differences were considered when p < 0.05 by the chi-square or t-test. Maternal obesity reduced the population of T-lymphocytes and TCD4+ in human colostrum and proliferative activities (p < 0.05). These hormones restore lymphocyte proliferation to a level similar to the eutrophic group (p < 0.05). Leptin, adiponectin, melatonin hormones, and biological actions consolidated in the scientific literature also represent maternal and infant protection mechanisms via colostrum and the modulation of human colostrum lymphocytes.

This work reported the development, prototyping and validation of a low-cost colorimetric paper-based sensor for the analysis of phenolic contaminants in waterbodies. The device was constructed using chromatographic paper and the chromogenic probe was Folin Ciocalteu reagent. Results evidenced that undiluted chromogen solution and 15% sodium carbonate allowed the maximum performance of the sensor, which exhibited adequate linearity between 100 mg l−1 and 1000 mg l−1 and limits of detection and quantification of 25 and 1000 mg l−1, respectively for the phenolic probes herein used (e.g. gallic acid, catechol, pyrogallol and vanillin), as well as adequate recovery for gallic acid upon recovery test. Moreover, the paper-based sensor was used to evaluate a real sample, and results were compared to a standard test, thereby presenting no statistically significant difference (i.e. 505.21 mg l−1 for the standard test and 517.49 mg l−1 for the paper-based sensor, p > 0.05). The findings therefore suggests that the biosensor herein described is a low-cost and valuable alternative to detect and quantify phenolic contaminants in waterbodies.

O presente artigo tem o intuito de compartilhar a concomitância de características universais e particulares no âmbito sonoro-musical do candomblé ketu. Para tanto, inicialmente serão apresentados conceitos e ideias presentes em diferentes trabalhos que abordam temáticas africanas e afrodiaspóricas; conceitos estes que, apesar de suas especificidades, comungam a referida condição de simultaneidade entre aspectos universais e particulares. Na sequência, tendo como referencial principal a música instrumental do candomblé ketu, seus elementos, funções e dinâmicas, serão expostas correspondências com diferentes realidades musicais dos universos africanos e afrodiaspóricos, inclusive aproximações com complexos religiosos próximos. Finalizando, esta conjuntura será observada por meio da análise de diferentes performances, entrevistas e registros do toque agueré: ritmo característico do orixá Oxóssi, próprio do repertório religioso musical em questão. Neste último momento serão compartilhadas diferentes atividades do denominado quarteto instrumental, que é composto pelos atabaques rum, rumpi e lé, acrescidos do gã (instrumento idiofone metálico), com ênfase nas atividades do rum – tambor grave, solista.

The intensive shift on land cover by anthropogenic activities have led to changes in natural habitats and environmental contamination, which can ultimately impact and threat biodiversity and ecosystem services, such as pollination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of native forest and human-modified land covers on the concentrations of chemical elements accumulated in the neotropical pollinator bee T. angustula. Eight landscapes, within an Ecological Corridor in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, with gradients of forest cover, spatial heterogeneity and varying land covers were used as sampling unities. Bees collected in traps or through actives searches had the concentration of 21 chemical elements determined by ICP-MS. Results show a beneficial effect of forested areas on the concentrations of some well-known toxic elements accumulated in bees, such as Hg, Cd, and Cr. Multivariate Redundancy Analysis (RDA) suggests road as the most important driver for the levels of Cr, Hg, Sb, Al, U, As, Pb and Pt and bare soil, pasture and urban areas as the landscape covers responsible for the concentrations of Zn, Cd, Mn, Mg, Ba and Sr in bees. The results reinforce the potential use of T. angustula bees as bioindicators of environmental quality and also show that these organisms are being directly affected by human land use, offering potential risks for the Neotropical ecosystem. Our study sheds light on how land covers (native forest and human-modified) can influence the levels of contaminants in insects within human-dominated landscapes. The generation of predictions of the levels of toxic metals and metalloids based on land use can both contribute to friendly farming planning as well as to support public policy development on the surrounding of protected areas and biodiversity conservation hotspots.

Purpose: Jenipapo fruit (Genipa americana L) is a natural source of polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) whose potential in pharmaceutical analysis is noteworthy. Henceforth, this work reports the electrochemical study of a low-cost PPO-based biosensor produced from the crude extract of Jenipapo fruits and accounts a practical approach to employ this biosensor in the determination of methyldopa and paracetamol in pharmaceutical samples. Methods: In order to investigate the electrochemical properties of the biosensor, theoretical and practical approaches were employed, and both samples and the biosensor were analyzed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and voltammetric techniques, namely: differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Results: showcased that the biosensor presented good analytical features, as well as low detection limits (8 μmol L-1 for methyldopa and 5 μmol L-1 for paracetamol). The relative standard deviation was less than 5% mid-assay. Conclusion: The use of this biosensor is a reliable, low cost and useful alternative in the pharmaceutic determination of phenolic drugs (e.g. methyldopa and paracetamol).

ABSTRACT Objectives: A retrospective statistical data gathering of wrist and hand complaints assisted over two years in the orthopedic emergency department of a regional referral hospital, seeking to know the profile of these patients. Methods: Information obtained by analysis of 31.356 orthopedic visits from May 2013 to April 2015, of which 6.754 related to hand complaints and/or wrist, at the Hospital Estadual Doutor Jayme dos Santos Neves (HDJSN) and analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics software version 21. Results: The data revealed that the average age was 37,5 ± 15,7 years and the male gender was predominant (60,72%). Bruises (52,58%) and fractures (30,49%) were the most common diagnoses. Conclusion: The complaints of wrist and hand accounted for 21,44% of all orthopedic emergency room visits. Detailed data description and correct definition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) are needed to better define the epidemiological profile of patients seeking orthopedic emergency. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Study.

Background: Colorectal cancer is a highly prevalent disease, requiring effective strategies for prevention and treatment. The present research aimed to formulate a natural fiber-rich food product (NFRFP) and to evaluate its safety, toxicogenetics, and effects on aberrant crypt foci induced by 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine in a preclinical model. Methods: A total of 78 male Wistar rats were distributed in six experimental groups: negative control, positive control (1,2-Dimethylhydrazine—40 mg/Kg), and four groups fed with 10% NFRFP: NFRFP, pre-treatment protocol, simultaneous treatment, and post-treatment protocol. Results: The NFRFP was shown to be a good source of fibers and did not change biometric, biochemical, hematological, and inflammatory parameters, and did not induce signs of toxicity and genotoxicity/carcinogenicity. NFRFP exhibited a chemopreventive effect, in all protocols, with damage reduction (% DR) of 75% in the comet test. NFRFP reduced the incidence of aberrant crypt outbreaks by 49.36% in the post-treatment protocol. Conclusions: The results suggest the applicability of NFRFP in the human diet due to potential production at an industrial scale and easy technological application in different products, since it could be incorporated in food without altering or causing small changes in final product sensory characteristics.

O artigo descreve as metodologias analíticas atuais mais utilizadas na obtenção de enzimas vegetais para aplicações biotecnológicas. São relatados os métodos de isolamento e purificação parcial, que se resumem nas técnicas cromatográficas e eletroforéticas, enfatizando a importância dessas enzimas nas pesquisas em Biotecnologia, com foco nas suas aplicações, características e peculiaridades. No que se refere à aplicabilidade, o artigo traz diversos exemplos na produção de alimentos, na fabricação e produção de biossenssores para determinação de diversos analitos e na biorremediação, que que tem como objetivo a remoção de poluentes do ambiente natural e a sua conversão em produtos menos prejudiciais, utilizando, para isso, as enzimas vegetais. Interesses industriais também são discutidos.

Abstract Introduction Nasal polyposis (NP) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the upper airway characterized by overgrowth of nasal mucosa. Recent studies have shown a mechanical dysfunction in the nasal polyp tissue. Objective This study aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of nasal fibrotic tissue. Method This study was an institutional review board approved translational study in 20 participants (8 patients with NP, 7 patients with nasal synechiae, and 5 subjects without sinus disease (control group). We used Controlled Disc Stimulation equipment to compare the curve Pressure/Volume created during the saline solution infusion. Results The increase of pressure in response to solution injection was lower in the nasal polyp group when compared with control middle turbinate group and fibrotic group. No significant difference was found in the pressure response during solution injection between fibrotic group and control middle turbinate group. Inferior turbinate group showed significant difference when compared with control middle turbinate group. Conclusion The mechanical dysfunction found in the nasal mucosa of patients with NP provides new insight into this condition. These data allow the belief that the fibrosis has a potential role in increasing interstitial hydrostatic pressure and, consequently, mitigating edema formation in NP.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da adição de mio-inositol ao sêmen caprino pós-descongelação. Amostras seminais de diferentes reprodutores caprinos da raça Boer (n=3) foram descongeladas (37 °C/30s) e homogeneizadas para formação do pool. Quatro grupos experimentais foram formados: GC=grupo controle, sem adição de antioxidante; G1=sêmen + 5 mM de mio-inositol; G2=sêmen + 15 mM de mio-inositol; G3=sêmen + 30 mM de mio-inositol, sendo submetidos às avaliações de motilidade subjetiva, integridade e funcionalidade da membrana plasmática nos períodos 0h, 2h a 25 °C e 2h a 37 °C pós-descongelação. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos controle e os suplementados com mio-inositol para o parâmetro de motilidade total nos momentos pós-descongelação e 2h de incubação a 25 ºC. No momento 2h a 37 °C houve redução de 30% (P0,05) para os parâmetros de integridade e funcionalidade da membrana plasmática entre os grupos tratados e o grupo controle. A adição de mio-inositol, na concentração de 30 mM, reduz a motilidade de espermatozoides caprinos após duas horas de incubação a 37 °C.

The dimorphic fungi of the Paracoccidioides genus are the causative agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). This disease is endemic in Latin America and primarily affects workers in rural areas. PCM is considered a neglected disease, despite being a disabling disease that has a notable impact on the public health system. Paracoccidioides spp. are thermally dimorphic fungi that present infective mycelia at 25 °C and differentiate into pathogenic yeast forms at 37 °C. This transition involves a series of morphological, structural, and metabolic changes which are essential for their survival inside hosts. As a pathogen, the fungus is subjected to several varieties of stress conditions, including the host immune response, which involves the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, thermal stress due to temperature changes during the transition, pH alterations within phagolysosomes, and hypoxia inside granulomas. Over the years, studies focusing on understanding the establishment and development of PCM have been conducted with several limitations due to the low effectiveness of strategies for the genetic manipulation of Paracoccidioides spp. This review describes the most relevant biological features of Paracoccidioides spp., including aspects of the phylogeny, ecology, stress response, infection, and evasion mechanisms of the fungus. We also discuss the genetic aspects and difficulties of fungal manipulation, and, finally, describe the advances in molecular biology that may be employed in molecular research on this fungus in the future.

ABSTRACT International trade in broiler’ feet, mainly to Asian markets, has demanded better quality control. The objective of this research was to study the suitability of using chicken footpad surface temperature to determine early lesions of pododermatitis. The project was conducted in two houses A1 and A2) in a commercial farm during one production flock. A1 had reused litter of wood shavings and rice hulls, and A2 had a new litter of sawdust. Both houses had positive pressure ventilation. The inner area of the poultry was virtually divided into three quadrants. The footpads were checked for the feet quality, and a degree of pododermatitis was awarded. Thermal images were made to test the surface temperature of the foot and identify inflammation in a total of 30 birds per house, at ages 5, 19, 29, 28 and 40 days of grow-out. Conditions of the rearing environment as well as the surface temperature of the litter, litter moisture, and degree of compression, were recorded. The environment within the houses did not differ. The surface temperatures of the footpad did not differ between the groups. The minimum footpad surface temperatures within the scores were similar, except for the score 3, which did not occur in A1. There was a prevalence of severe injury in the house with a new litter.

Este trabalho investigou a origem e a evolução de clorititos — rochas portadoras de clorita e/ou sulfetos de Cu-Fe —, associados a sills e apófises do Granito Caçapava que intrudem nos mármores dolomíticos da Formação Passo Feio, Terreno São Gabriel do Escudo Sul-Riograndense (ESRG). A interação dos fluidos graníticos com os mármores gera associações minerais de alta e baixa temperatura. Os halos de alteração de baixa temperatura nos granitoides são constituídos dominantemente por clorita seguida de albita, titanita, sulfetos e raro rutilo. Clorita, calcita e, eventualmente, serpentina, talco e sulfetos constituem a alteração de baixa temperatura nos mármores encaixantes. Os halos de alteração distribuem-se em domínios ao longo da matriz dos granitoides, bem como em stockworks ou em brechas hidrotermais e fraturas contendo calcopirita e pirita. Identificam-se processos importantes de alteração hidrotermal-metassomática, notadamente cloritização e albitização no protólito granitoide. A alteração é progressiva nas apófises granitoides com modificações desde incipiente até rochas compostas majoritariamente por cloritas, culminando com a geração de clorititos. A nucleação e o crescimento da clorita ocorre a partir da substituição da biotita e do plagioclásio ou deposita em espaços vazios na rocha carbonática encaixante. O balanço de massa pelo método da isócona indica que o processo de cloritização evoluiu por meio do enriquecimento de MgO e FeO e do empobrecimento em SiO2, K2O e Na2O dos protólitos granitoides. Os padrões de abundância e distribuição de elementos terras raras (ETR) indicam correlação direta das rochas portadoras de clorita e dos clorititos com fácies pertencentes ao Complexo Granítico de Caçapava do Sul. Geotermometria a partir da composição da clorita indica temperatura média entre 280 e 300ºC para formação das cloritas.

Abstract Background Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) causes amoebiasis, which is a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Phagocytic cells and cytokines appear to be important in amoebiasis, but very little is known about the influence of these cells and cytokines in protozoan infections. The aim of this study was to analyse the supernatant of cultures of mononuclear (MN) cells with E. histolytica to determine: 1) the levels of the cytokines IFN-γ and TGF-β, and 2) the amoebicidal activity of MN cells after incubation with cytokines. Methods Blood samples were collected from 30 volunteer donors. The cytokine concentrations in MN cells culture supernatants, superoxide release, leukophagocytosis, amoebicide activity, intracellular calcium release and apoptosis were analysed. Results The IFN-γ concentrations were 6.22 ± 0.36 and TGF-β concentrations were 17.01 ± 2.21 in cells–trophozoite culture supernatants. MN cells, independently of cytokines, in the presence of amoeba increase the superoxide release. In the absence of cytokines, the ingestion of MN cells by amoebae was higher. In the presence of IFN- γ or TGF- β, a lower ingestion of MN cells was observed by amoebae. MN cells treated with cytokines exhibited higher amoebicide and apoptosis indexes. The incubation of cytokines increased the intracellular calcium release by MN cells. Conclusions These results suggest that cytokines play a beneficial role for the host by activating MN cells against E. histolytica. The increased death of amoebae during the leukophagocytosis suggests that both cytokines (IFN-γ and TGF-β) can modulate the functional activity of MN cells and that these cytokines probably are important in the control of amoebic infections.

Pretendemos interpretar alguns poemas de vida: variações II (2001), livro da poetiza luso-belga Bénédicte Houart (1968-), a fim de abordar formas de experiência da contemporaneidade condicionadas pelo consumo. Para isso, fundamentamos a análise no conceito de partilha do sensível [partage du sensible], do filósofo franco-argelino Jacques Rancière (1940-), que permite, enquanto sistema de evidência sensíveis, depreender a existência de um comum e os respectivos recortes de espaços, de temporalidades e de atividades que a priori determinam as maneiras de participação na comunidade. Esperamos, assim, desenvolver mecanismos de significação que, a partir de e com os poemas, contrastem modos de ser e de fazer que dizem respeito ao consumo enquanto prática estruturante de sociedades capitalistas.

The experiment was carried out with sheep during the finishing phase in a partial confinement system to evaluate the following physiological parameters: rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), productive performance and carcass characteristics. Fourteen uncastrated sheep with an average initial age of 90 days belonging to two genetic groups were used. There were seven Santa Inês animals, whose average initial live weight (ILW) was 23.65 kg, and seven F1 Dorper × St. Inês animals, with an ILW of 20.02 kg. The treatments were the two genetic groups and two times for the collection of the physiological parameters, at 09.00 h and 15.00 h. Evaluation took place once a week, in a shared stall, always following a 20-min grazing activity. The animals had daily access to a Megathyrsus maximus(Jacquin) pasture, cultivar Masai, from 08.00 h to 17.00 h and their feed was placed in a trough, at a forage:concentrate ratio of 51:49 in the total dry matter. The concentrate consisted of 900 g/kg of ground corn and 100 g/kg of soybean meal, and the roughage supplied was alfalfa hay. There was no interaction between treatments for the studied variables. The physiological parameters were affected only by the time of day. The variables RR and RT were higher at 15.00 h, while the highest HR values were observed at 09.00 h. Neither of the two genetic groups differed for performance and carcass characteristics. Hair sheep belonging to close genetic groups show no differences in performance, carcass characteristics and physiological responses when subjected to heat stress.

Data centers have evolved dramatically in recent years, due to the advent of social networking services, e-commerce and cloud computing. The conflicting requirements are the high availability levels demanded against the low sustainability impact and cost values. The approaches that evaluate and optimize these requirements are essential to support designers of data center architectures. Our work aims to propose an integrated approach to estimate and optimize these issues with the support of the developed environment, Mercury. Mercury is a tool for dependability, performance and energy flow evaluation. The tool supports reliability block diagrams (RBD), stochastic Petri nets (SPNs), continuous-time Markov chains (CTMC) and energy flow (EFM) models. The EFM verifies the energy flow on data center architectures, taking into account the energy efficiency and power capacity that each device can provide (assuming power systems) or extract (considering cooling components). The EFM also estimates the sustainability impact and cost issues of data center architectures. Additionally, a methodology is also considered to support the modeling, evaluation and optimization processes. Two case studies are presented to illustrate the adopted methodology on data center power systems.

Summary Introduction: Epidemiological studies that focus on facial injuries are of great interest for the knowledge of occurrence and severity of presentation. Aim: To study the epidemiological profile of 277 patients who suffered facial fractures at the Hospital do Trabalhador (HT), with an emphasis on variables such as sex, age, cause, and anatomical sites of fractures, comparing the clinical findings with other studies. Method: Retrospective nonrandomized chart review of 277 patients who were treated at HT by the ENT service during the full year 2010, victims of facial fractures. Results: Of 277 patients, 74.72% were male and 25.27% female (ratio 3:1). According to age, the fractures were distributed as follows: 0–9 years: 4.69%, 10–19 years: 17.32%, 20–29 years: 23.82%, 30–39 years: 20.21%, 40–49 years: 16.24%, 50–59 years: 10.83%, 60–69 years: 3.97%, and 60–79 years: 2.88%. The cause of trauma was most frequently interpersonal violence, 36.45%, followed by falls, 23.09%, and motor vehicle crashes with 17.32%. Regarding location, nasal fracture was the most common, with 44.75%, followed by the mandible, 14.32%, orbit, 12.78%, maxillary, 12.02%, zygomatic, 9.97%, 3.32% and front Le Fort 2.88%. Conclusion: The patients were mostly males, aged 21–30 years, victims of aggression with the most commonly fractured bone being the nose. The adoption of personal and public strategies and measures may prevent facial fractures.

CONTEXT: Orthotopic liver transplantation is an excellent treatment approach for hepatocellular carcinoma in well-selected candidates. Nowadays some institutions tend to Expand the Milan Criteria including tumor with more than 5 cm and also associate with multiple tumors none larger than 3 cm in order to benefit more patients with the orthotopic liver transplantation. METHODS: The data collected were based on the online database PubMED. The key words applied on the search were "expanded Milan criteria" limited to the period from 2000 to 2009. We excluded 19 papers due to: irrelevance of the subject, lack of information and incompatibility of the language (English only). We compiled patient survival and tumor recurrence free rate from 1 to 5-years in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma submitted to orthotopic liver transplantation according to expanded the Milan criteria from different centers. RESULTS: Review compiled data from 23 articles. Fourteen different criteria were found and they are also described in detail, however the University of California - San Francisco was the most studied one among them. CONCLUSION: Expanded the Milan criteria is a useful attempt for widening the preexistent protocol for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in waiting-list for orthotopic liver transplantation. However there is no significant difference in patient survival rate and tumor recurrence free rate from those patients that followed the Milan criteria.

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar o uso de álcool e tabaco entre os adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, realizado junto a 1533 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, tendo por critérios de inclusão: faixa etária entre 10 e 20 anos, matriculados e freqüentando regularmente o ensino fundamental ou ensino médio das escolas estaduais, no período matutino, nas regiões de Santo Eduardo e Santa Emília, no município de Embu. Os resultados mostraram que 4,8% são fumantes e 58,3% experimentaram bebida alcoólica. A média de idade de iniciação do uso de álcool é de 13,1 anos (s=1,9) e a média de idade de iniciação do uso de tabaco é de 12,6 anos (s=1,5). Conclui-se que a população do estudo apresentou um baixo consumo de tabaco e um elevado consumo de álcool, uma iniciação precoce do uso de álcool e tabaco, a ingestão alcoólica, principalmente, em festas, com os amigos, ou até mesmo em casa, com familiares. Constatou-se também que o vinho é a bebida preferida desses jovens.Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, realizado junto a 1533 adolescentes de ambos sexos, tomándose como criterios de inclusión: faja etaria entre 10 y 20 años, matriculados y asistiendo regularmente a la enseñanza primaria o secundaria de las escuelas estatales en las regiones de Santo Eduardo y Santa Emilia, en el municipio de Embu, en el horario matutino; teniéndose por objetivo identificar el uso de alcohol y tabaco entre los mismos. Los resultados demostraron que: 4,8% de ellos son fumadores, 58,3% probaron bebidas alcohólicas, la media de edad para la iniciación del consumo de alcohol fue de 13,1 años (s=1,9), la media de edad para el inicio de consumo de tabaco fue de 12,6 años (s=1,5). Se concluye en que la población del estudio exhibió un bajo consumo de tabaco y un elevado consumo de alcohol, iniciación precoz en el uso de tabaco y alcohol, ingestión alcohólica principalmente en fiestas con amigos o hasta incluso en casa con familiares, el vino fue la bebida preferida.The objective of this study is to identify the use of alcohol and tobacco among adolescents. It is a descriptive study that was developed with 1533 adolescents, both male and female, based on the following inclusion criteria: aged between 10 and 20 years old, registered and regularly attending elementary or high school at state schools in the morning period, in the regions of Santo Eduardo and Santa Emília, in the municipality of Embu. Results showed that 4.8% smoked and 58.3% tried an alcoholic drink. The age mean for the initiation in the use of alcohol was 13.1 years old (s=1.9) and the age mean for the initiation in the use of tobacco was 12.6 years old (s=1.5). The conclusion was that the study population presented a low consumption of tobacco and a high consumption of alcohol, an early initiation in the use of alcohol and tobacco, the alcoholic ingestion took place, mainly, in parties, with friends, and even at home, with relatives. It was also observed that wine is the favorite drink of these adolescents.

The goal was to identify risk factors for healthcare-associated infections by resistant microorganisms and patient mortality in an Intensive Care Unit. A prospective and descriptive epidemiological research was conducted from 2005 till 2008, involving 2300 patients. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used. In bivariate analysis, infection caused by resistant microorganism was significantly associated to patients with community-acquired infection (p=0.03; OR=1.79) and colonization by resistant microorganism (pSe objetivó identificar factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infecciones relacionadas al cuidar en salud, por microorganismos resistentes, y también investigar su relación con la mortalidad de los pacientes en un centro de terapia intensiva. Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico prospectivo realizado entre 2005 y 2008, envolviendo 2.300 pacientes. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y el análisis de regresión logístico bivariado y multivariado. En el análisis bivariado, la infección por microorganismos resistentes estuvo significativamente asociada a pacientes con infección comunitaria (p=0,03; OR=1,79) y a la colonización por microorganismo resistente (pObjetivou-se identificar fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de infecções, relacionadas ao cuidar em saúde, por microrganismos resistentes e a mortalidade dos pacientes em um centro de terapia intensiva. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico prospectivo, realizado entre 2005 e 2008, envolvendo 2.300 pacientes. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva, análise de regressão logística bivariada e multivariada. Na análise bivariada, a infecção por microrganismo resistente esteve significativamente associada a pacientes com infecção comunitária (p=0,03; OR=1,79) e colonização por microrganismo resistente (p

Peat, an organic compound easily found in the soil (easy to acquire), has more than 50% elemental carbon in its composition and can be used as raw material to produce carbon quantum dots (CQDs, C-dots, Carbon Dots). In this work we describe two simple and low-cost routes for the acquisition of these photoluminescent materials based on peat. The final products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), absorption (UV-Vis) and emission (PL) spectra and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The produced CQDs have an average size of 3.5 nm and exhibit coloration between blue and green. In addition, it is possible to produce photoluminescence by means of the aromatic compounds also present in the composition of the peat, in turn exhibiting an intense green coloration. The results indicate great versatility of peat for the production of photoluminescent materials.

In this work, an innovative polyphenol oxidase biosensor was developed from Jenipapo (Genipa americana L.) fruit and used to assess phenolic compounds in industrial effluent samples obtained from a textile industry located in Jaraguá-GO, Brasil. The biosensor was prepared and optimized according to: the proportion of crude vegetal extract, pH and overall voltammetric parameters for differential pulse voltammetry. The calibration curve presented a linear interval from 10 to 310 µM (r2 = 0.9982) and a limit of detection of 7 µM. Biosensor stability was evaluated throughout 15 days, and it exhibited 88.22% of the initial response. The amount of catechol standard recovered post analysis varied between 87.50% and 96.00%. Moreover, the biosensor was able to detect phenolic compounds in a real sample, and the results were in accordance with standard spectrophotometric assays. Therefore, the innovatively-designed biosensor hereby proposed is a promising tool for phenolic compound detection and quantification when environmental contaminants are concerned.

The vegetable kingdom is a wide source of a diverse variety of enzymes with broad biotechnological applications. Among the main classes of plant enzymes, the polyphenol oxidases, which convert phenolic compounds to the related quinones, have been successfully used for biosensor development. The oxidation products from such enzymes can be electrochemically reduced, and the sensing is easily achieved by amperometric transducers. In this work, the polyphenoloxidases were extracted from jurubeba (Solanum paniculatum L.) fruits, and the extract was used to construct a carbon paste-based biosensor for pharmaceutical analysis and applications. The assay optimization was performed using a 0.1 mM catechol probe, taking into account the amount of enzymatic extract (50 or 200 μL) and the optimum pH (3.0 to 9.0) as well as some electrochemical differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) parameters (e.g., pulse amplitude, pulse range, pulse width, scan rate). Under optimized conditions, the biosensor was evaluated for the quantitative determination of acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, methyldopa, and ascorbic acid. The best performance was obtained for acetaminophen, which responded linearly in the range between 5 and 245 μM (R = 0.9994), presenting a limit of detection of 3 μM and suitable repeatability ranging between 1.52% and 1.74% relative standard deviation (RSD).

This prospective study aimed to determine the nosocomial infection (NI) incidence in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), its association with clinical characteristics and occurrence sites. It was carried out among 1.886 patients admitted in an ICU of a University Hospital, from August 2005 to January 2008. Data analysis was done using Fisher’s test and Relative Risk (RR). There were 383 NIs (20.3%). The infections were in the urinary tract (n=144; 37.6%), pneumonia (n=98; 25.6%), sepsis (n=58; 15.1%), surgical site (n=54; 14.1%) and others (n=29; 7.7%). Hospitalization average was 19.3 days for patients with NI and 20.2 days for those with colonization by resistant microorganisms. The mortality was 39.5% among patients with NI (RR: 4.4; 3.4-5.6). The NI was associated with patients originated from other units of the institution/emergency unit, more than 4 days of hospitalization, community infection, colonized by resistant microorganisms, using invasive procedures and deaths resulting from NI.Este estudio prospectivo tuvo como objetivo determinar la incidencia de infección hospitalaria (IH) en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), su asociación con características clínicas del paciente y sitios de ocurrencia. Fueron incluidos 1886 pacientes de la UTI de un hospital universitario, entre agosto de 2005 y enero de 2008. Se utilizó el test exacto de Fisher y Riesgo Relativo. Fueron identificadas 383 (20,3%) IH: 144 (37,6%) del tracto urinario, 98 (25,6%) neumonía, 58 (15,1%) sepsis, 54 (14.1%) sitio quirúrgico y 29 (7,7%) otras infecciones. La permanencia promedio fue 19,3 días para pacientes con IH y 20,2 días para colonizados con microorganismos resistentes. Se registró 39.5% óbitos entre pacientes con IH (RR: 4,4; 3,4-5,6). La IH estuvo asociada a pacientes provenientes de otra unidad de la institución/unidad de emergencia, internación mayor que 4 días, con infección comunitaria, colonizados por microorganismos resistentes, uso de procedimientos invasivos y óbitos resultantes de IH.Este estudo prospectivo objetivou determinar a incidência da infecção hospitalar (IH) em uma unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), sua associação com características clínicas do paciente e sítios de ocorrência. Inclui-se 1.886 pacientes de UTI de um hospital universitário, entre agosto de 2005 e janeiro de 2008. Utilizou-se, neste estudo, o teste exato de Fisher e Risco Relativo. Foram identificadas 383 (20,3%) IH: 144 (37,6%) do trato urinário, 98 (25,6%) pneumonia, 58 (15,1%) sepses, 54 (14,1%) do sítio cirúrgico e 29 (7,7%) outras. A permanência média foi de 19,3 dias para pacientes com IH e 20,2 dias para colonizados com microrganismos resistentes. Registrou-se 39,5% óbitos entre pacientes com IH (RR: 4,4; 3,4-5,6). A IH esteve associada a pacientes provenientes de outras unidades da instituição/unidade de emergência, permanência superior a 4 dias de internação, infecção comunitária à internação, colonizados por microrganismos resistentes, em uso de procedimentos invasivos e óbitos resultantes de IH.

OBJETIVO: verificar se há assimetria de crescimento entre as hemimandíbulas esquerda e direita, durante o 2º e início do 3º trimestre de gestação. MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas 68 hemimandíbulas (34 mandíbulas) de fetos conservados em solução de formalina a 10%, sendo 20 femininos e 14 masculinos, e realizadas as seguintes mensurações: Côndilo-Processo Coronoide (Co-PC), Gônio-Processo Coronoide (Go-PC), Gônio-Gnátio (Go-Gn), Côndilo-Gnátio (Co-Gn), Altura da Sínfise (AS) e Ângulo da Mandíbula (AM). Os dados foram coletados, tabulados e analisados com auxílio do programa SPSS, versão 11.0, 2005, onde foi realizado o estudo One Way Anova para a comparação entre as médias dos valores das medidas anatômicas das hemimandíbulas direita e esquerda, sendo a idade dividida entre segundo trimestre (Período 1: 13-18 semanas e Período 2: 18-24 semanas), e início do terceiro trimestre (Período 3: 24-30 semanas) de gestação. RESULTADOS: houve discreta assimetria no ritmo de crescimento das medidas Go-Gn, Co-PC, Co-Gn, Go-PC e AS, comparando-se os lados direito e esquerdo, entre o 2º e início do 3º trimestre gestacional, apesar de não estatisticamente significativa (p > 0,05). Constatou-se, também, que houve redução da medida AM, com discreta assimetria, no mesmo período pré-natal, sendo estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas quanto ao crescimento das hemimandíbulas direita e esquerda no período estudado. Por outro lado, houve redução da medida do ângulo da mandíbula no mesmo período, apresentando significância estatística.OBJECTIVE: To investigate growth asymmetry between the left and right hemimandibles (HMs) during the 2nd and early 3rd trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: Sixty eight hemimandibles (34 mandibles) of fetuses were used-20 female and 14 male-preserved in 10% formalin solution, and the following measurements were performed: Condyle-Coronoid Process (Co-CP), Gonion-Coronoid Process (Go-CP), Gonion-Gnathion (Go-Gn), Condyle-Gnathion (Co-Gn), Symphyseal Height (SH), Mandibular Angle (MA). The data were collected, tabulated and analyzed with the aid of SPSS software, version 11.0, 2005. One-way ANOVA test was performed to compare the mean values of anatomical measurements of the right and left HMs. Gestational ages were divided into second trimester (Period 1: 13-18 weeks and Period 2: 18-24 weeks), and early third trimester (Period 3: 24-30 weeks) of pregnancy. RESULTS: We noted a slight growth rate asymmetry in Go-Gn, Co-CP, Co-Gn, Go-CP and SH, comparing the left and right mandibular halves, between the 2nd and early 3rd trimester of pregnancy, although not statistically significant (p > 0.05). It was also found that the mandibular angle decreased and showed a slight-though statistically significant (p < 0.05)-asymmetry in the same prenatal period. CONCLUSION: The authors concluded that there was a slight asymmetry in the growth rate of measurements Go-Gn, Co-CP, Co-Gn, Go-CP and SH, comparing the left with the right hemimandible between the 2nd and early 3rd trimester of gestation.

A resistência bacteriana é considerada um problema de saúde pública mundial, realidade para a qual têm sido propostas diversas iniciativas de controle. Assim, a contínua emergência de microrganismos resistentes nas instituições de saúde constitui-se um grande desafio mobilizando órgãos nacionais e internacionais de vigilância e controle epidemiológicos. Para tanto, objetivou-se descrever a resistência bacteriana, seus mecanismos de ocorrência e estratégias de prevenção e controle. Tratou-se de uma revisão crítica da literatura junto às bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e SciELO, entre 1997 e 2006. Identificaram-se 138 artigos, sendo 20 utilizados na elaboração do trabalho, em função dos critérios de inclusão. Discutiu-se riscos inerentes aos pacientes, mecanismos de transmissão e disseminação da resistência, além dos desafios e estratégias relacionadas ao cuidar. Ainda, mereceram atenção a educação dos profissionais, dimensionamento de recursos humanos, cultura microbiológica de vigilância e implementação de medidas de isolamento por contato para pacientes infectados/colonizados por microrganismos resistentes e higienização das mãos. Acredita-se que a compreensão desta realidade ratifica a necessidade de participação e co-responsabilização dos profissionais da saúde no processo de controle desta situação, contemplando práticas individuais e coletivas, institucionais e nacionais, a comunidade e a sociedade visando a reformulação das políticas públicas.

O presente trabalho é uma resenha do livro intitulado Os Climas na Cidade de São Paulo: teoria e prática, organizado por José Roberto Tarifa e Tarik Rezende de Azevedo. A obra apresenta diferentes métodos, técnicas e procedimentos que possibilitam investigar as manifestações do clima urbano, bem como resultados alcançados em pesquisas desenvolvidas na metrópole de São Paulo.

O presente trabalho é uma resenha do livro intitulado Os Climas na Cidade de São Paulo: teoria e prática, organizado por José Roberto Tarifa e Tarik Rezende de Azevedo. A obra apresenta diferentes métodos, técnicas e procedimentos que possibilitam investigar as manifestações do clima urbano, bem como resultados alcançados em pesquisas desenvolvidas na metrópole de São Paulo.

A resistência bacteriana é considerada um problema de saúde pública mundial, realidade para a qual têm sido propostas diversas iniciativas de controle. Assim, a contínua emergência de microrganismos resistentes nas instituições de saúde constitui-se um grande desafio mobilizando órgãos nacionais e internacionais de vigilância e controle epidemiológicos. Para tanto, objetivou-se descrever a resistência bacteriana, seus mecanismos de ocorrência e estratégias de prevenção e controle. Tratou-se de uma revisão crítica da literatura junto às bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e SciELO, entre 1997 e 2006. Identificaram-se 138 artigos, sendo 20 utilizados na elaboração do trabalho, em função dos critérios de inclusão. Discutiu-se riscos inerentes aos pacientes, mecanismos de transmissão e disseminação da resistência, além dos desafios e estratégias relacionadas ao cuidar. Ainda, mereceram atenção a educação dos profissionais, dimensionamento de recursos humanos, cultura microbiológica de vigilância e implementação de medidas de isolamento por contato para pacientes infectados/colonizados por microrganismos resistentes e higienização das mãos. Acredita-se que a compreensão desta realidade ratifica a necessidade de participação e co-responsabilização dos profissionais da saúde no processo de controle desta situação, contemplando práticas individuais e coletivas, institucionais e nacionais, a comunidade e a sociedade visando a reformulação das políticas públicas. Palavras chave: Resistência bacteriana a antibióticos; Precauções universais e infecção hospitalar.