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In recent decades, university innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems (UIEEs) have emerged across the globe. We consider the managerial and policy implications of UIEEs and provide a rationale for our special issue on this topic. We also present a summary of the papers contained in the special issue, highlighting research questions, theories, data and methods, and principal findings and conclusions. We conclude by outlining a research agenda on UIEEs, focusing on multilevel research on agents, institutions, and regions across context, process, and impact of such ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces computer vision models for image analysis in advertising research. It reviews the literature in social science and computer science and identifies three categories and nine types of image analysis. The study uses these categories and types as a framework to select 12 computer vision models and compare them on their capability, accuracy, availability, and usability. Nine models are single-functional models, and three are multi-functional models; all 12 have been used in advertising research. The study also demonstrates how two models are used to classify a sample of image ads and assess the aesthetic scores of these ads to answer the research question about the relationship between content categories and aesthetic scores in image ads. It outlines several key steps for the use of computer vision models in advertising research and proposes future research directions. The study can serve as a guide to advertising researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Advances in hierarchical modeling have improved estimation of ecological parameters from count data, especially those quantifying population abundance, distribution, and dynamics by explicitly accounting for observation processes, particularly incomplete detection. Even hierarchical models that account for incomplete detection, however, cannot compensate for data limitations stemming from poorly planned sampling. Ecologists therefore need guidance for planning count‐based studies that follow established sampling theory, collect appropriate data, and apply current modeling approaches to answer their research questions. We synthesize available literature relevant to guiding count‐based studies. Considering the central historical and ongoing contributions of avian studies to ecological knowledge, we focus on birds as a case study for this review, but the basic principles apply to all populations whose members are sufficiently observable to be counted. The sequence of our review represents the thought process in which we encourage ecologists to engage 1) the research question(s) and population parameters to measure, 2) sampling design, 3) analytical framework, 4) temporal design, and 5) survey protocol. We also provide 2 hypothetical demonstrations of these study plan components representing different research questions and study systems. Mirroring the structure of hierarchical models, we suggest researchers primarily focus on the ecological processes of interest when designing their approach to sampling, and wait to consider logistical constraints of data collection and observation processes when developing the survey protocol. We offer a broad framework for researchers planning count‐based studies, while pointing to relevant literature elaborating on particular tools and concepts.

Although the lay appeal of the Net Promoter Score (NPS) is undeniable, scholars have noted concerns over its use based on conceptual and empirical grounds. We address these concerns through an examination of three research questions: (1) To what extent do NPS responses correspond to actual word-of-mouth behaviors? (2) Do NPS responses exhibit measurement invariance across key demographic groupings? (3) How well does NPS perform (as opposed to customer satisfaction scores) as a predictor of financial performance? Study results show that NPS scores correspond to reported word-of-mouth exposure for most, but not all, product categories; NPS responses are invariant across demographic groupings; and that when examined separately, both customer satisfaction and NPS are significant predictors of differences in financial performance, but customer satisfaction explains slightly more variance. We discuss the managerial and theoretical implications arising from these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the abilities of language models are thoroughly evaluated in areas like general domains and biomedicine, academic chemistry remains less explored. Chemical QA tools also play a crucial role in both education and research by effectively translating complex chemical information into an understandable format. Addressing this gap, we introduce ScholarChemQA, a large-scale QA dataset constructed from chemical papers. Specifically, the questions are from paper titles with a question mark, and the multi-choice answers are reasoned out based on the corresponding abstracts. This dataset reflects typical real-world challenges, including an imbalanced data distribution and a substantial amount of unlabeled data that can be potentially useful. Correspondingly, we introduce a ChemMatch model, specifically designed to effectively answer chemical questions by fully leveraging our collected data. Experiments show that Large Language Models (LLMs) still have significant room for improvement in the field of chemistry. Moreover, ChemMatch significantly outperforms recent similar-scale baselines: https://github.com/iriscxy/chemmatch. Question Answering (QA) models have emerged as crucial tools for acquiring knowledge and evaluating domain-specific abilities, however, the domain of chemical QA remains underexplored. Here, the authors report ScholarChemQA as a large-scale QA dataset and introduce a ChemMatch model for effectively answering chemical questions and acquiring chemical-related knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Necessary actions should be taken to ensure stock market efficiency; thus, financial innovation-based criteria that affect stock market efficiency should be improved. However, simultaneously improving all criteria is difficult; therefore, performing priority analysis is important for carrying out this process effectively and efficiently. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate the financial innovation-based characteristics of stock market efficiency. This study's main research question within this framework is identifying which factors should be prioritized to improve the stock market. In this scope, we created a novel fuzzy decision-making model consisting of two stages. First, selected criteria for the financial innovation-based characteristics of stock market efficiency are weighted. In this process, quantum spherical fuzzy sets based on DEMATEL are considered. In the second stage, selected economies are ranked using the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach. This study's main contribution is that the DEMATEL technique in calculating criterion weights in the decision-making analysis process provides some advantages. With the help of this situation, the causal directions between these items can be considered; thus, it is possible to determine the most accurate strategies. The findings demonstrate that providing tax advantages is the most important factor in ensuring stock market efficiency. Moreover, the excellence of the financial system is critical in ensuring stock market efficiency. In this context, it is possible to provide tax advantages, especially for long-term investments. Thus, long-term investments can be increased, significantly increasing the market's stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Clinical medicine is becoming more complex and increasingly requires a team-based approach to deliver healthcare needs. This dispersion of cognitive reasoning across individuals, teams and systems (termed "distributed cognition") means that our understanding of cognitive biases and errors must expand beyond traditional "in-the-head" individual mental models and focus on a broader "out-in-the-world" context instead. To our knowledge, no qualitative studies thus far have examined cognitive biases in clinical settings from a team-based sociocultural perspective. Our study therefore seeks to explore how cognitive biases and errors among emergency physicians (EPs) arise due to sociocultural influences and lapses in team cognition. Methodology: Our study team comprised four EPs of different seniorities from three different institutions and local and international academics who provided qualitative methodological guidance. We adopted a constructivist paradigm and employed a reflexive thematic analysis approach which acknowledged our researcher reflexivity. We conducted seven focus group discussions with 25 EPs who were purposively sampled for maximum variation. Our research question was: How do sociocultural factors lead to cognitive biases and medical errors among EPs? Results: Our themes coalesce around sociocultural pressures related to team psychology. In theme one, the EP is compelled by sociocultural pressures to blindly trust colleagues. In the second, the EP is obliged by cultural norms to be "nice" and neatly summarise cases into illness scripts during handovers. In the last, the EP is under immense pressure to follow conventional wisdom, comply with clinical protocols and not challenge inpatient specialists. Conclusion: Cognitive biases and errors in clinical decision-making can arise due to lapses in distributed team cognition. Although this study focuses on emergency medicine, these pitfalls in team-based cognition are relevant across the entire continuum of care and across all specialties of medicine. The hyperacute nature of emergency medicine merely exacerbates and condenses these into a compressed timeframe. Indeed, similar relays are run every day in every discipline of medicine, with the same unified goal of doing the best for our patients while not committing cognitive errors and dropping the baton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. This publication aims to provide guidelines of the knowledge required and the potential research to be conducted in order to understand the mode of action of antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA). In the first part of the paper, we classify AMFA into 4 categories according to their mode of action: (1) lowering dihydrogen (H 2) production; (2) inhibiting methanogens; (3) promoting alternative H 2 -incorporating pathways; and (4) oxidizing methane (CH 4). The second part of the paper presents questions that guide the research to identify the mode of action of an AMFA on the rumen CH 4 production from 5 different perspectives: (1) microbiology; (2) cell and molecular biochemistry; (3) microbial ecology; (4) animal metabolism; and (5) cross-cutting aspects. Recommendations are provided to address various research questions within each perspective, along with examples of how aspects of the mode of action of AMFA have been elucidated before. In summary, this paper offers timely and comprehensive guidelines to better understand and reveal the mode of action of current and emerging AMFA. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classification, a fundamental data analytics task, has widespread applications across various academic disciplines, such as marketing, finance, sociology, psychology, education, and public health. Its versatility enables researchers to explore diverse research questions and extract valuable insights from data. Therefore, it is crucial to extend familiarity with classification methods to non-STEM students, who will encounter such problems in their professional careers. To address this need, this article presents a data science course for non-STEM students on classification methods. The course's difficulty level is influenced by factors such as students' backgrounds and the prerequisites and requirements set by the offering department. The suggested course framework begins with data preparation and provides students with a comprehensive toolbox comprising methodical techniques and software tools for classification. This course guides students toward discovering new knowledge and insights about classification and interpretation. The teaching approach emphasizes the dynamic process involved in classification, encompassing grasping the analytical task, understanding terms and concepts, visualizing the classification, analyzing data, interpreting results, and drawing conclusions. This course also combines project-based learning, open discussions, and even competitions among class participants. Incorporating practical projects that involve interaction and decision-making within a quantitative course can be highly beneficial. for this article are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper provides an overview of the inaugural edition of the Festival for Architecture Schools of Tomorrow (FAST), held in Timișoara in 2023, with particular emphasis on its section dedicated to #activation. The authors' involvement is presented in their roles as members of the research team of teachers, as well as coordinators and participants in the applied study. The final proposal, enriched by contributions from tutors and students representing all five faculties of architecture nationwide, encapsulates key themes such as rethinking resource utilization, fostering community resilience, prioritizing health, promoting inclusiveness, designing for climate adaptation. The intended purpose of the paper is to highlight the necessity of integrating sustainability principles into the educational curriculum, celebrating encounters, collaboration and shared values in the co-creation process of an architectural object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to determine the factors that enable entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and the significant role of education and training in enhancing opportunity recognition. Design/methodology/approach: This paper follows a systematic literature review method to answer the research questions. A systematic literature review allows us to determine the work carried out to date, how it was done, assess literature and report all relevant research. The authors have used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analysis procedure. Findings: The findings of this study showed that prior knowledge, social networks, external environment, entrepreneurial alertness, creativity, self-efficacy and entrepreneurial passion are the main factors that play a role in the opportunity recognition process. The authors were also able to establish the importance of education and training in enhancing opportunity recognition. Experiential learning is at the forefront of education methods used to improve prior knowledge and experience that directly impact the ability to recognize entrepreneurial opportunities. Practical implications: The paper provides human resource development practitioners and entrepreneurship educators with factors that determine entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. It pinpoints the factors that can be exploited in enhancing employees and novice entrepreneurs' ability to recognize viable entrepreneurial opportunities. Originality/value: Opportunity recognition is recognized as the first step in the entrepreneurship process. Therefore, it is crucial for entrepreneurs to have the ability to recognize opportunities that are viable. Understanding the factors that contribute to a successful opportunity recognition is important. In addition, the role of education and training in opportunity recognition and enhancing entrepreneurial opportunity recognition cannot be overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The static and dynamic characteristics of the spindle system significantly influence machining accuracy and efficiency. High static and dynamic stiffnesses and thermal stability are required for high-precision and high-efficiency machining. The dynamics of spindle systems are affected by centrifugal forces and thermal expansion in response to spindle rotation. A noncontact electromagnetic loading (EML) system has great potential for measuring spindle characteristics under rotational conditions. This study presents a state-of-the-art design and performance of the EML system, which is an improvement on the system used in previous studies. Detailed experimental design and signal processing are shown for static and dynamic performance measurements, including advanced hardware-in-the-loop simulation of the intermittent milling process using the developed EML system. Some of the representative results of each test are presented, and future research questions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Modeling multi-channel electroencephalographic (EEG) time-series is a challenging tasks, even for the most recent deep learning approaches. Particularly, in this work, we targeted our efforts to the high-fidelity reconstruction of this type of data, as this is of key relevance for several applications such as classification, anomaly detection, automatic labeling, and brain-computer interfaces. Methods: We analyzed the most recent works finding that high-fidelity reconstruction is seriously challenged by the complex dynamics of the EEG signals and the large inter-subject variability. So far, previous works provided good results in either high-fidelity reconstruction of single-channel signals, or poor-quality reconstruction of multi-channel datasets. Therefore, in this paper, we present a novel deep learning model, called hvEEGNet, designed as a hierarchical variational autoencoder and trained with a new loss function. We tested it on the benchmark Dataset 2a (including 22-channel EEG data from 9 subjects). Results: We show that it is able to reconstruct all EEG channels with high-fidelity, fastly (in a few tens of epochs), and with high consistency across different subjects. We also investigated the relationship between reconstruction fidelity and the training duration and, using hvEEGNet as an anomaly detector, we spotted some data in the benchmark dataset that are corrupted and never highlighted before. Discussion: Thus, hvEEGNet could be very useful in several applications where automatic labeling of large EEG dataset is needed and time-consuming. At the same time, this work opens new fundamental research questions about (1) the effectiveness of deep learning models training (for EEG data) and (2) the need for a systematic characterization of the input EEG data to ensure robust modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review provides a critical assessment of knowledge regarding the occurrence and behaviour of volatile, low molecular weight amines, particularly methylamines and quaternary amines, in marine aquatic systems. It provides an up-to-date evaluation of their presence within marine ecosystems, the processes likely to control their flux across the sea-air interface, and analytical techniques associated with their measurement. Interest in the occurrence and cycling of these groups of compounds in seawater has increased within the last 10–15 years, due to their potential role in climate regulation. As such, the need for wider measurements and mechanistic studies to elucidate their role within biological communities and, more widely, the nitrogen cycle and marine ecosystem models, is apparent. Finally, we make recommendations on what research questions are most suitable for future studies in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a Central African country with the second largest surface area and the fourth largest population on the continent. DRC has witnessed numerous innovations and faced several challenges including health, economic, and social crises. Research question: This historical review aims to outline major developments in DRC neurosurgical practice with an emphasis on challenges and potential solutions. Material and methods: This historical review was compiled using data from stakeholder interviews, grey literature (health policy and event documentation at the hospital, provincial, and national levels) and peer-reviewed document analysis. The authors used triangulation to verify the data collected by each method and the final data were abstracted and presented narratively. Results: The first neurosurgery unit was established in the capital, Kinshasa, in 1979. This centre aimed to provide much needed neurosurgical services and training with the limited resources available at the time. As of July 2023, DRC has 19 neurosurgeons including 2 of female gender. Four neurosurgeons from the diaspora deliver care part-time supplementing the local specialist workforce and 7 residents are enrolled at the University of Kinshasa residency programme. In addition, there are at least 22 DRC residents training in other centres worldwide. Conclusions: DRC neurosurgery has faced numerous challenges, some of which have been overcome in the past decade. The recent improvements are encouraging for this country of more than 95 million inhabitants but more effort and time will be needed to fully overcome existing challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers face the trade-off between publishing mobility data along with their papers while protecting the privacy of the individuals. In addition to the anonymization process, other techniques, such as spatial discretization and location concealing or removal, are applied to achieve these dual objectives. The primary research question is whether concealing the observation area is an adequate form of protection or whether human mobility patterns in urban areas are inherently revealing of location. The characteristics of the mobility data, such as the number of activity records in a given spatial unit, can reveal the silhouette of the urban landscape, which can be used to infer the identity of the city in question. The presented locating method was tested on multiple cities using different open datasets and coarser spatial discretization units. While publishing mobility data is essential for research, concealing the observation area is insufficient to prevent the identification of the urban area. Instead of obscuring the observation area, noise should be added to the trajectories to mitigate privacy risks regarding the individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communion and agency are two essential dimensions for understanding personality traits. This study comprised 49 in-depth interviews and three focus groups with experienced social workers in China to address the following research questions: (1) What is the orientation of Chinese social workers towards communion and agency? (2) What challenges do they encounter in their daily practice? (3) How do they interpret and utilize agency in coping with these challenges? The findings revealed three main themes: (a) Participants demonstrated a clear preference for communion over agency, reflecting a strong orientation towards social concern; (b) The professional challenges faced by participants varied significantly across career stages, with distinct requirements for agency at each stage; and (c) Participants' understanding of agency was primarily rooted in professional competence. At different career stages, participants displayed varying levels of professional competence and agency, both of which were essential for addressing social concerns and developing strategies for long-term professional survival. The study suggests that social workers need to balance social concerns with individual development, view social work rationally as an ordinary job, and focus on enhancing both their professional competence and personal agency to achieve their aspirations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) aims to align educational outcomes with the demands of modern healthcare. Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) serve as key tools for feedback and professional development within CBME. With the growing body of literature on EPAs, there is a need to synthesize existing research on stakeholders' experiences and perceptions to enhance understanding of the implementation and impact of EPAs. In this synthesis, we will address the following research questions: How are Entrustable Professional Activities experienced and perceived by stakeholders in various healthcare settings, and what specific challenges and successes do they encounter during their implementation? Methods: Using Thomas and Harden's thematic synthesis method, we will systematically review and integrate findings from qualitative and mixed-methods research on EPAs. The process includes a purposive literature search, assessment of evidence quality, data extraction, and synthesis to combine descriptive and analytical themes. Discussion: This study aims to provide insights into the use of EPAs for competency-based education, reflecting diverse contexts and viewpoints, and identifying literature gaps. The outcomes will guide curriculum and policy development, improve educational practices, and set future research directions, ultimately aligning CBME with clinical realities. Trial Registration: Not required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine autonomy within treatment and recovery from longstanding and severe eating disorders (EDs). Background: The typically early age of onset, high incidence, and prolonged duration of EDs, has a high personal, relational, and financial burden for people who experience them. Current treatment practices rely on the exertion of external control and influence which has profound impacts on people living with EDs as well as the relationship and interactions between them and their treating professionals. Yet scant research focuses specifically on how people with EDs, especially longstanding and severe presentations, experience autonomy. Centring the lived experience voice is essential to deconstruct power imbalances and develop more effective recovery pathways. Methods: A Rapid Evidence Review answered the research question, How do people with longstanding and severe eating disorders experience autonomy and recovery? Five electronic databases, the International Journal of Eating Disorders, and topic-specific grey literature from 2000–2021 were systematically searched. Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria. All findings and primary lived experience quotations relevant to the review topic were extracted, charted, and analysed. Reflexive Thematic Analysis (Braun and Clarke in Qual Psychol 9:3–26, 2021; Braun and Clarke in Qual Res Psychol 3:77–101, 2006;) was undertaken to inform the key findings and discussion. Findings: The researchers identified four central themes that characterise the experience of autonomy in treatment and recovery for people with longstanding and severe EDs: Self versus ED, Self in Treatment, Self in Recovery, and Others in Relation to Self. Novel theoretical contributions to understanding longstanding and severe EDs include the 'Lack of Autonomy' Loop, 'Relational Autonomy' and the diversity of definitions of recovery. Discussion: This review highlights the critical role of autonomy in the treatment and recovery of individuals with longstanding and severe EDs. It underscores the importance of addressing past trauma and integrating trauma-focused therapy within ED treatment. The findings advocate for collaborative, tailored, and autonomy-supportive approaches that empower individuals to break the cycle of disempowerment and promote sustained recovery. Conclusion: The review highlights the need for conceptual and practice development to leverage desire-focused, relational approaches for effective healing and recovery. Plain english summary: We conducted a Rapid Evidence Review to examine the research question: How do people with longstanding and severe eating disorders experience autonomy and recovery? We systematically searched the International Journal of Eating Disorders, scholarly databases, and industry reports released between 2000 and 2021. Our findings redefine autonomy by exploring people's relationship to themselves, their eating disorder, and others in their lives, and their experiences of agency. Our research combats the power dynamic that frequently favours researcher knowledge, illuminating shortcomings of current treatment models, providing alternate approaches for the field to consider, and offering directions for future research and policy change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current food production and consumption practices are impacting both human and planetary health. Though these challenges are multifaceted, shifting to healthy dietary choices from sustainable food systems is one solution. Food-based labelling is a common public-health strategy aimed at influencing consumption practices, primarily displaying front-of-pack nutrition labelling to encourage healthier choices. Due to the dual impact of food on human and planetary health there is a growing need to additionally include environmental impact information. However, this potentially conflicting information could overwhelm consumers, necessitating a simplified approach that combines both nutritive and environmental values. Previous work has identified existing models, termed sustainable food profiling models, for labelling of individual food products based on their environmental impacts and nutritive value. Foods are rarely eaten in isolation and are often consumed as composite meals, which aggregate to diets. Therefore, it is important to identify indices that exist to assess or rank meals and diets according to their nutritional and environmental impacts. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines, our systematic review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 01 May 2024 (PROSPERO registration ID = CRD42024537149). In the present protocol the methodology to identify and review existing food-based indices for the assessment of nutritive value and environmental impact of meals and diets and their intended public health purpose is described. Our primary research questions are: (i) what food-based indices assessing nutritive value and environmental impact exist for classification or ranking of meals or diets? and (ii) what are the methods used to create, and the key characteristics of, these indices?. The results are expected to increase understanding of, and highlight the variation in, the creation of combined measures for the assessment of nutritive value and environmental impact for meals and diets. Additionally, findings can be used to inform researchers, business, and policy actors on future approaches for labelling foods, meals, or diets in a way that supports healthy and sustainable meal choices and diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identifying contextual factors that might support or hinder implementation of evidence-based mental health interventions for youth in low- and middle- income countries may improve implementation success by increasing the alignment of intervention implementation with local needs and resources. This study engaged community partners in Sierra Leone to: (a) investigate barriers and facilitators to implementing a mental health intervention within Sierra Leone's schools; (b) develop an implementation blueprint to address identified implementation barriers; (c) explore the feasibility of using the implementation blueprint methodology in Sierra Leone. Methods: We recruited Ministry of Education Officials (n = 2), teachers (n = 15) and principals (n = 15) in Sierra Leone to participate in needs assessment qualitative interviews. We used a rapid qualitative analysis approach to analyze data. Three team members summarized transcripts based on domains aligned with the structured research questions, organized themes into a matrix, and identified and discussed key themes to arrive at consensus. We then reconvened community partners to discuss implementation strategies that could address identified barriers. Participants ranked barriers according to high/low feasibility and high/low importance and selected implementation strategies for the blueprint. Results: Qualitative results revealed several implementation barriers: teacher/parent/student buy-in; teacher motivation; scheduling time; limited funding; waning interest; daily hardships outside of school. Strategies selected included: develop/distribute educational materials; conduct education meetings/outreach; identify and prepare champions; access new funding. Conclusions: Engaging community partners to develop an implementation blueprint for integration of a mental health intervention within Sierra Leone's schools was feasible and may increase implementation effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic diseases pose significant threats to persons' well-being and mental health leading to stress, anxiety and depression without effective resilience strategies. However, experiences to gain resilience in living with chronic disease in the context of Asian countries remain insufficiently explored. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of qualitative evidence that explores the lived experience that cultivates resilience in chronic diseases among adults within Asian countries. Methods: A comprehensive review of five databases - Web of Sciences, Ebsco (Medline), PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus was carried out, following the Joanna Brings Institute (JBI) standards and employing PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) reporting guideline. The review encompassed studies published in English from January 2013 to December 2023. Four reviewers assessed the literature's eligibility and extracted relevant lived experiences to address the research question based on prior studies. Subsequently, a content analysis was performed. Results: Of the 3651 articles screened, 12 were included in this review. Three key themes emerged: (1) Sociocultural norms shaped resilience, delved into the culturally-mediated childhood development, traditional cultural beliefs, social relationships and supports and spirituality (2) Positive emotions nurtured resilience highlighted optimistic about becoming healthy, self-efficacy in self-care, endurance during hardship, self-reflection on health, acceptance of having disease, and appreciation of life while (3) Problem-solving strategies fostered resilience underlined improve disease literacy, ability to deal with disease challenges and engage in meaningful activities. Conclusion: Our review addresses important research gaps on sociocultural norms that shaped resilience in chronic disease despite a small number of research. Therefore, this warrants further studies on how the traditional cultures and beliefs influence resilience among the Asian population living with chronic disease. Further research should thoroughly describe the qualitative methodologies and theoretical framework to provide more comprehensive information on the experience of resilience in chronic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: At the turn of the 21st century, concerns emerged regarding whether research at the intersection of psychology and political science should be regarded as a multidisciplinary subfield within political science or an independent, interdisciplinary field that contributes to both disciplines. More than twenty years later, how does the literature on political decision-making approach this issue? Should this application of political cognition research be viewed as a multidisciplinary subfield within political science, or as an independent interdisciplinary field contributing to both political science and psychology? This study examines the organizational framework of research and the trends in publications within the literature on political decision-making. Methods: Through a bibliometric analysis, this study aims to enhance readers' understanding of the disciplinary characteristics of research in political decision-making. The analysis examines how publications are distributed across various disciplines and among different researchers contributing to the study of political decision-making, as well as the most frequently used methodologies in this field. Results: The findings suggest that research tends to be more multidisciplinary than strictly interdisciplinary. This conclusion is based on three observations: (i) most publications are in political science journals; (ii) much of the research is conducted by political scientists; and (iii) the research mainly uses political science frameworks and observational designs despite political scientists' familiarity with experimental designs. Departmental affiliation is the key factor in predicting cited literature, with political scientists favoring political science research and psychologists leaning towards psychology research. Discussion: The results of this study suggest that while political decision-making research draws on expertise from both disciplines, it remains fundamentally anchored in political science. Recommendations include attending conferences outside the researcher's primary discipline, provided they are relevant to their research agenda. Researchers should explore the various specialized grants and funding opportunities that aim to promote the development of new research questions and testing new methods, theoretical approaches, and innovative ideas. Faculty should integrate various disciplines into the curriculum to offer valuable and broadly applicable knowledge. By promoting open interdisciplinary dialogue, political scientists and psychology researchers can work together more effectively to tackle the challenges of political decision-making research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Droughts of increasing severity and frequency are a primary cause of forest mortality associated with climate change. Yet, fundamental knowledge gaps regarding the complex physiology of trees limit the development of more effective management strategies to mitigate drought effects on forests. Here, we highlight some of the basic research needed to better understand tree drought physiology and how new technologies and interdisciplinary approaches can be used to address them. Our discussion focuses on how trees change wood development to mitigate water stress, hormonal responses to drought, genetic variation underlying adaptive drought phenotypes, how trees ‘remember’ prior stress exposure, and how symbiotic soil microbes affect drought response. Next, we identify opportunities for using research findings to enhance or develop new strategies for managing drought effects on forests, ranging from matching genotypes to environments, to enhancing seedling resilience through nursery treatments, to landscape‐scale monitoring and predictions. We conclude with a discussion of the need for co‐producing research with land managers and extending research to forests in critical ecological regions beyond the temperate zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conceptual analysis focuses on opportunities to advance research and current hypotheses of perceptual development by examining what is presently known and unknown about perceptual specialization in a Multiracial context during the first year of life. The impact of being raised in a Multiracial family or community is discussed to further characterize the development of perceptual expertise for faces and languages. Historical and present-day challenges faced by researchers in defining what race is, identifying Multiracial individuals or contexts, and how to study perceptual and cognitive processes in this population are discussed. We propose to leverage current data from developmental Multilingual populations as a guide for future research questions and hypotheses characterizing perceptual specialization based on face race for Multiracial/Multiethnic individuals and contexts. Variability of input and the pattern of specialization are two factors identified from the developmental Multilingual literature that are likely useful for studying Multiracial contexts and development. Several methodological considerations are proposed in hopes of facilitating research questions and practices that are reflective of and informed by the diversity of experiences and social complexities within Multiracial populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to describe the nursing competency, research knowledge and skills of nurses in Ghana regarding evidence-based practice. Methods: This nationwide descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 480 clinical nurses and nurse educators from both private and public institutions. Nurses were included in the study if they had a full-time or part-time appointment, were in active service, and had a valid Personal Identification Number from the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Ghana. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare mean rank scores between two groups, and the Kruskal Wallis H-test was used for the comparison. Results: Thirty percent of them rated their ability to formulate research questions, conduct literature search and retrieval, and critical analysis of scientific literature as fair or poor. Half of the nurses disagreed with changing to new methods, and more than half at least agreed with all the items measuring the use of evidence-based practice. One out of every 20 Nurses somewhat disagreed with formulating answerable research questions at work, and the same proportion disagreed or were neutral to integrating evidence into practice with their expertise. It was statistically significant that females (p-value = 0.001), married (p-value = 0.054), Christians (p-value<0.001), nurse educators (p-value<0.001) and part-time workers (p-value<0.001) were more likely to have higher mean scores on research knowledge and skills. The Kruskal Wallis test showed that research knowledge and skills (H = 97.281, p-value<0.001, df = 2), attitude towards evidence-based practice (H = 10.143, p-value = 0.006, df = 2), and nursing competencies (H = 9.041, p-value = 0.011, df = 2) differ for all the educational level of all nurses. Conclusion: The self-reported competencies in the various aspects of the research process and knowledge generation by both clinicians and nurse educators were good; however, the overall composite score revealed that nurses only had fair knowledge and skills in this regard. Nurses should be given the requisite training to appraise and evaluate nursing research for incorporation into nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The go-along method is a way of interviewing people in situ. Combining participant observation and interviewing, the method capitalizes on the advantages of both approaches. This places study participants in context and allows researchers to elicit the interpretations, practices, and experiences of those participants within the contexts. Based on a refugee maternal health study that involved the go-along method in the United States, we reflect on the specific research questions that this approach can help answer, the advantages and limitations of employing this methodological approach and delineate the process of conducting the go-along. The go-along method has numerous benefits in studying refugee health. It can assist in identifying the needs and challenges of people with limited language skills or low educational levels, as well as providing a more nuanced understanding of life skills and language proficiency. It can aid in the observation of interactions between study participants and people around them and provide more detailed information based on spatial cues. It can assist researchers in observing how services are delivered on the ground. More importantly, it can facilitate researchers' vicarious experiences for those who may struggle in their lives. In doing so, it can facilitate contextualized understanding of refugee and their experiences. Although this method has several limitations, such as being more time-consuming and labor-intensive compared to traditional sit-down interviews and being susceptible to external conditions, the go-along method has significant potential for exploring the health of refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In supply chains, data is important to improve decision-making. Therefore, data sharing is essential to extract maximum benefits from technologies like Machine Learning and the Internet of Things in an Industry 4.0 context. However, data protectionism often prevails over sharing for organizations in a supply chain. In literature, researchers are looking for ways to turn data protectionism into data sharing. We present a Semi-Systematic Literature Review related to data sharing in an inter-organizational context. Our main goal is to find state-of-the-art literature and, based on this, discover a research gap related to data sharing practices in inter-organizational systems for papers that apply a rational perspective. Game theory provides such a rational perspective. We formulate research questions related to three main concepts: data sharing, inter-organizational systems and game theory. We search for related subtopics that link to the main concepts and give a definition of these. A list of search strings and inclusion criteria results in 149 papers selected for the literature review. We classify the literature with the help of nine categories, which are the basis for our main findings in the Semi-Structured Literature Review. Recent research focuses on data sharing, while older literature focuses more specifically on information and knowledge sharing. In our literature review, we note that trust is an important concept. In literature, researchers try to create trust related to technological issues with the help of blockchain. In contrast, calculus-based trust (a rational perspective) is analyzed with the help of game theory. Solving trust issues and providing incentive mechanisms could solve potential future (data) sharing issues. Based on the literature and main findings, we determine five potential research opportunities for future research to tackle (data) sharing problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This theoretical paper offers an ecofeminist analysis and critique of a specific conception of energy. The hypothesis is that, at least in the Western context, there is a characteristic socio-economic understanding of energy as a resource and commodity for human needs and the development of human societies. This conception corresponds to a cultural understanding that is both different from and broader than the scientific notion of energy. Such a conception has become part of several narratives, including energy policy. Our research question is: does this conception of energy as a commodity and resource affect the relation between humans and nature? And if so, how? Results: Drawing on the work of Val Plumwood, and Greta Gaard, we argue that conceiving of energy as a resource and commodity for human needs and the socio-economic development of human societies reinforces and mediates the hierarchical and oppressive dualism "human-nature", thus contributing to backgrounding, excluding, incorporating, and instrumentalizing some parts of nonhuman nature as well as some human groups. Conclusions: The idea of energy as a commodity shapes public debates and policies, worsening existing environmental issues. This dominant perspective affects how people respond to environmental challenges and crises, both individually and collectively. This article aims to encourage more critical and open discussions about energy. It suggests that researchers and policymakers adopt more radical and less oppressive approaches in their academic work, benefiting both the human and non-human world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Peer recovery support services are a promising approach for improving harm reduction, treatment, and recovery-related outcomes for people who have substance use disorders. However, unique difficulties associated with the role may place peer recovery support staff [i.e., peers] at high risk for negative workforce outcomes, including burnout, vicarious trauma, and compassion fatigue. Objective: This scoping review protocol aims to describe a proposed effort to review the nature and extent of research evidence on peer workforce outcomes and how these outcomes might differ across service settings. Results of the review described in this protocol will help to answer the following research questions: 1) What is known about workforce-related outcomes for peers working in the substance use field?; 2) What is known about how the structure of work impacts these outcomes?; and 3) How do these outcomes differ by service setting type? Methods: A scoping review will be conducted with literature searches conducted in PsycINFO®, [EBSCO],Embase® [EBSCO], CINAHL® [EBSCO], Web of Science™ [Clarivate], and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles discussing US-based research and published in English from 1 January 1999 to 1 August 2023. The proposed review will include peer-reviewed and grey-literature published materials describing the experiences of peers participating in recovery support services and harm reduction efforts across a variety of service settings. Two evaluators will independently review the abstracts and full-text articles. We will perform a narrative synthesis, summarizing and comparing the results across service settings. Expected outputs: Publishing this protocol will help accelerate the identification of critical workforce issues, and bolster the transparency and reporting of the final review. The proposed review will assess the state of the literature on peer workforce-related outcomes and how outcomes might vary by service setting context. Results of the proposed review will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Findings will inform the field regarding future directions to support the emerging peer workforce. Trial registration: Systematic review registration Submitted to Open Science Framework, August 22nd, 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methane is an important greenhouse gas but the magnitude of global emissions in particular from natural sources remain highly uncertain. To estimate methane emissions on large spatial scales, methane flux data sets from field measurements collected and processed by many different researchers must be combined. We hypothesize that considerable uncertainty might be introduced into such data synthesis products by the many different approaches used to collect, process and quality control chamber measurements of methane fluxes within the flux community. Existing guidelines on chamber measurements promote more standardized measurement and processing techniques but to our knowledge, so far, no study has investigated which methods are actually used within the flux community. Therefore, we aimed to identify major differences between the approaches for chamber methane fluxes used by different researchers. We conducted an expert survey to collect information on chamber-based methane flux measurements, including field sites, research questions, measurement setups and routines as well as data processing and quality control of data. We received 36 responses from researchers in North America, Europe, and Asia which indicated that 80 % of respondents have adopted high-frequency, multi-gas analyzers with most measurement times falling between 2 and 5 minutes. Most but not all of the respondents use recommended chamber designs, including such as airtight sealing, fans, and a pressure vent. We asked about the participants' approach to quality control and presented a standardized set of methane concentrations from observed flux measurements, then included this information for flux calculations. The responses showed broad disagreement among the experts on processes resulting in nonlinear methane concentration increases. Based on the expert responses, we estimated an uncertainty of 28 % introduced by different researchers deciding differently on discarding vs. accepting a measurement when processing a representative data set of chamber measurement. Different researchers choosing different time periods within the same measurement for flux calculation caused an additional uncertainty of 17 %. Our study highlights the need to understand drivers of the patterns visible from high-resolution analyzers and standardized procedures and guidelines for future chamber methane flux measurements. This is highly important to reliably quantify methane fluxes all over the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pregnancy mobile applications (apps) have grown in popularity over the past decade, with some being used to promote study recruitment or health behaviors. However, no app serves as an all-in-one solution for collecting general data for research purposes and providing women with useful and desirable features. Aim: To create and develop a Swiss pregnancy mobile app as an innovative means to collect research data and provide users with reliable information. Methods: Determining the key features of the app involved a review of the literature and assessment of popular apps in the Swiss AppStore. A team of engineers developed the app, which includes a pregnancy timeline, questionnaires for data collection, medical and psychological articles and a checklist with appointment reminders. The content was written and reviewed by healthcare providers considered experts in the topics adressed. The questionnaires are distributed based on the user's gestational age, by a chatbot. The project was authorized by the ethics commission in the canton of Vaud. An online survey of ten questions, advertised on Datamama's home screen, was conducted to assess the users' use of the app (27.11- 19.12.2022). Results: A review of 84 articles and 25 popular apps showed the need for a comprehensive pregnancy app. The development of Datamama took 2 years and included the creation of 70 medical and psychological articles and 29 questionnaires covering 300 unique variables. Six months after the launch, there were 800 users with a 73% average participation rate in the questionnaires. Sixty-five women completed the survey, with 70.8% using the app once to multiple times per week. The primary reason for using the app was to help research by answering the questionnaires, followed by access to reliable medical information. The reason most frequently ranked first for using the app was to help research by answering the questionnaires (42/65, 67% of women rated it first), followed by access to reliable medical information (34/65, 54% women rated it second). Women rated the information as clear, understandable, and interesting with a trust rating in data handling at 98.5%. The average grade for recommending the app was 8/10, with suggestions for increasing the amount of medical content and tailoring it based on gestational age. Conclusion: Datamama is the first pregnancy app to address the needs of both patients and researchers. Initial feedback from users was positive, highlighting future challenges for success. Future work will consist in improving the app, validating the data and use it to answer specific pregnancy-related research questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After isolation of radioactive waste in deep geological formations, radionuclides can enter the biosphere via slow migration through engineered barriers and host rocks. The amount of radionuclides that migrate into the biosphere depends on the distance from a repository, dominant transport mechanism (diffusion vs. advection), and interaction of dissolved radionuclides with minerals present in the host rock and engineered barrier systems. Within the framework of the European Union's Horizon 2020 EURAD project (https://www.ejp-eurad.eu/), a series of state-of-the-art reports, which form the basis of a series of papers, have been drafted. This state-of-the-art paper aims to provide non-specialists with a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the processes contributing to the radionuclide retention and migration in clay and crystalline host rocks, in a European context. For each process, a brief theoretical background is provided, together with current methodologies used to study these processes as well as references for key data. Owing to innovative research on retention and migration and the extensive knowledge obtained over decades (in the European context), process understanding and insights are continuously improving, prompting the adaptation and refinement of conceptual descriptions regarding safety assessments. Nevertheless, there remains important research questions to be investigated in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in management needs to contribute to practical relevance and applicability of research results. An approach that acknowledges the needs that emerge from practice and still offers guidance for proper research, is action research. The purpose of this paper is to expand the action research methodology, focusing the researcher's role. Two consecutive action research projects were reviewed and reflected upon from a literature-based model. The projects were analysed iteratively by two participating researchers with different experiences and backgrounds. The main finding is the outline of the mixed role in action research projects, which allows for performing high quality research in parallel with interventions in the study object organisations. Development of the mixed role concept allows practically oriented research and interventions in research projects to be developed alongside traditional research, which at large can encourage researchers to take part in practical managerial development. The action research methods were successful in the projects, as they provided a fast-track to deep insights in the companies and the ability to act and evaluate results. With the mixed role approach, we could quickly come down to details, expose assumptions, discuss new solutions and come up with more profound research questions. The mixed consultant/researcher role has been a means to keep the research schedule within acceptable limits. Hence, a consciously managed project with in-depth considerations of the mixed role of the researcher can in itself remove one of the main obstacles of action research. The mixed role is a novel concept, pragmatic but still well aligned with prior research. The establishment of the concept can inspire more researchers performing action research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insertions and deletions (indels) play a significant role in genome evolution across species. Realistic modelling of indel evolution is challenging and is still an open research question. Several attempts have been made to explicitly model multi-character (long) indels, such as TKF92, by relaxing the site independence assumption and introducing fragments. However, these methods are computationally expensive. On the other hand, the Poisson Indel Process (PIP) assumes site independence but allows one to infer single-character indels on the phylogenetic tree, distinguishing insertions from deletions. PIP's marginal likelihood computation has linear time complexity, enabling ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) with indels in linear time. Recently, we developed ARPIP, an ASR method using PIP, capable of inferring indel events with explicit evolutionary interpretations. Here, we investigate the effect of the single-character indel assumption on reconstructed ancestral sequences on mammalian protein orthologs and on simulated data. We show that ARPIP's ancestral estimates preserve the gap length distribution observed in the input alignment. In mammalian proteins the lengths of inserted segments appear to be substantially longer compared to deleted segments. Further, we confirm the well-established deletion bias observed in real data. To date, ARPIP is the only ancestral reconstruction method that explicitly models insertion and deletion events over time. Given a good quality input alignment, it can capture ancestral long indel events on the phylogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper not only addresses the academic gap in current pedagogical practices but also connects with broader educational goals of equipping learners with skills that are directly applicable in real-life situations, including the workplace. This paper sets out to present an action research study and discusses the design and implementation of a peer tutoring system for Cantonese as a second language learners at a university in Hong Kong. Background and theoretical considerations of this peer tutoring system are discussed. The special focus of this action research will be on the implementation of this peer tutoring system before and during the COVID pandemic and its sustainable development. This paper also discusses the change from face-to-face peer tutoring activities to synchronous interactive online mode during the pandemic, the re-conceptualization of pedagogical design, and the development of the peer tutoring system in the post-pandemic period. This paper addresses research questions relating to how effective the peer tutoring system is in facilitating students' Cantonese learning and what advantages the peer tutoring system can bring to face-to-face and online delivery modes. The discussions are based on the analysis of feedback from tutors and tutees. Additionally, the possibility of applying blended and online peer tutoring in language education in the long run will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the English language rhetorical techniques employed in public speeches by four current Japanese activists. While not as deeply embedded in Japanese culture as in some Western cultures, there has been a recent increase in activism in Japan. Frequently, such activists deliver speeches in English focusing on climate change issues, gender issues, and political issues. Correspondingly, there has been a renewed interest in exploring whether these Japanese activists employ established English language rhetorical techniques to enhance the persuasiveness of their speeches. Four speeches (two delivered by experienced speakers and two by inexperienced speakers) were analyzed in this study using Rowland's (2019) categories of language strategies. The core research question in this study is: What rhetorical techniques are utilized by Japanese activists to enhance their English language speeches? Findings indicate that even though the Japanese activists spoke in their second language (English), they employed many of the traditional rhetorical techniques commonly used in English speeches. Furthermore, subtle differences in the frequency and complexity of techniques used distinguished one of the experienced speakers from the other speakers. The educational implication drawn from these findings is that English language rhetorical techniques can be more widely taught in L2 classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a democratic setting, civil society is considered to be one of the forces capable of checking on the government especially when it comes to issues that concern the public at large. The political history of Burkina Faso is replete with situations of civil society groupings confronting the governments be they democratic or authoritarian. So, at the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 in Burkina Faso one expected civil society organizations to live up to the challenges of the day by checking on the actions of President Kabore government. However, this did not happen. Hence, the following research question: Why was the Burkina Faso civil society inactive during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis? Using elite interviewing techniques, I found out that low awareness of the COVID-19 threat within large swaths of the population and among members of civil society organizations accounted for the inaction of the most vocal civil society members during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis since the latter did not consider the COVID-19 pandemic issue as a political question deserving great attention. This has strong implications in terms of public trust. More precisely, it means that in Burkina Faso contrary to what the democracy promotion literature may have said on the virtues of civil society one cannot always trust civil society members to check on the government even in time of emergency such as that of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Further research may therefore help to better understand civil society-government relations in Burkina Faso. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security is an interdisciplinary field of study that produces a wealth of information daily from a broadening perspective. Concurrently, the volume of related research is on the rise. This prompts an essential inquiry: “Can security studies be regarded as a distinct discipline?” In this context, the article examines the current state of security studies in Türkiye, evaluating its standing as a discipline based on scientific criteria. Security studies are analyzed in terms of their established literature, the formulation of specific research questions and methodologies, their incorporation into educational programs, the development of an academic community, and the processes of institutionalization and academic organization. In this regard, the article reviews graduate-level research conducted in Türkiye within the field of security to assess its disciplinary status. Additionally, it considers the efforts of the Interuniversity Council (ÜAK) and the Council of Higher Education (YÖK) in evaluating security as a scientific domain, along with analyses of educational classifications under the Turkish Higher Education Qualifications Framework (TYYÇ). Ultimately, the article presents recommendations for categorizing security studies as a scientific field and for enhancing its organizational structure at the academic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate the potential for integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with the field of International Relations. GIS, as a crucial tool for spatial analysis, is widely employed in various scientific disciplines, ranging from health to archaeology. Nevertheless, its application in International Relations studies remains underutilized. To address this gap, a case study will be conducted to unite GIS and International Relations, focusing on the Fergana Valley, a region of significance in Central Asian studies. The debate surrounding whether the Fergana Valley presents a security challenge in Central Asia will be explored. This will involve testing for clustering and heterogeneity in conflicts within the region using the autocorrelation method in spatial analysis. Consequently, this study aims to address a key issue in the field and establish a precedent for the utilization of GIS in International Relations studies. Finally, the study will consider which research questions within the realm of International Relations could be addressed through GIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Colombian civil war has been going on for 60 years. Currently, one of the key warring factions is the Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN - National Liberation Army), recognized as the oldest active guerrilla organization in Latin America. The ELN is a formation that differs from other guerrilla organizations in Colombia. The study primarily seeks to answer the research question of “Will the ELN’s differences from other organizations affect the peace processes in Colombia?”. The study examines the ELN’s historical development, structure, and action repertoire since its emergence, presenting an analysis of peacebuilding in Colombia and its future. Following the research question and adopting a historical-sociological interpretative perspective as methodology, the study aims to contribute to conflict resolution and peace studies in Türkiye by examining the examples of the ELN and Colombia. This study contends that the ELN has a distinctive structure; accordingly, negotiations with this organization should be handled with a more comprehensive agenda and approach than those of other guerrilla organizations in Colombia. Lastly, the study argues that even if the ELN agrees to disarmament, peace in Colombia is far from achievable and sustainable, at least in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is based on the assertion that Freud’s question about what people expect from life when analyzing the nature of the relationship between civilization and human beings nearly a century ago, and the answer he gave by emphasizing that people’s expectations from life are pleasure and happiness, are still up to date. The study is shaped around the main research question that emerged with neoliberalism’s rise about how people’s pursuit of pleasure and happiness is functionalized as a means of domination. The study’s theoretical basis is Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, and analyses are conducted within this framework. This is because, on the one hand, Freudian psychoanalysis contains an explanatory theoretical richness regarding the place of pleasure and happiness in the psychological functioning of human beings, and on the other hand, it can be evaluated within the scope of Freud’s warning that neoliberalism’s policies encouraging pleasure and happiness and a life motivation towards this would be dangerous for individual and social life. Based on this theoretical background, the study concludes that the promise of pleasure and happiness marketed by neoliberalism to individuals and societies is an illusion and that its demands on the individual and society in the name of providing them lead to further destruction, subordination, and self-exploitation in both individual and social psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperative Fisheries Research (CFR) aims to incorporate different types of knowledge into fisheries science through the convergence of diverse perspectives, skills, and expertise. CFR can facilitate knowledge co-production and the salience, credibility, and legitimacy of science, yet it can be difficult to operationalize. In Maine's American lobster fishery, where CFR is a hallmark of the fishery, pressure to implement conservation measures to protect North Atlantic right whales, one of the world's most endangered large whale species, poses a major challenge for harvesters. Endeavoring to follow best practices associated with CFR, our research team set out to work with state management and fishing industry partners to evaluate the socioeconomic impacts of new whale conservation regulations on the fishery. We co-defined relevant and actionable research questions and designed a sampling approach that included multiple efforts to contact industry participants. Although the process we engaged in had some of the key ingredients for success, ultimately participation was too low to achieve our research aims. We use this paper to discuss our failure and draw on the theory of scalar politics from critical geography to reflect on challenges we encountered, including how the contentious socio-political backdrop within which the initiative transpired impacted our research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ang Pagtanom og Binhi Project is a University–Community partnership and community-based participatory research project exploring the health benefits of food sovereignty practices in the Philippines. In late 2021, in the midst of data collection, Super Typhoon Odette made landfall in the Philippines causing massive environmental and structural devastation. In the aftermath of the storm, community partners in the Philippines and members of the research team in the United States shared photos, texts, and updates. These messages included descriptions of structural and environmental damage caused by the storm and stories of mutual aid efforts and actions taken by individuals and small organizations, each highlighting connections between food sovereignty efforts in the Philippines and the impacts of climate change. Due to the richness of the stories, the interconnectedness between these conversations and the research topic, and the alignment within the theoretical foundations of the project, the researchers understood that these communications should be included as data. With feedback from the Community Advisory Board, the Research and Design Team amended project protocols, research questions, and consent forms to incorporate this emergent data. This manuscript describes the process that the team undertook and some of the lessons learned by taking this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mainstreaming gender issues in a demographically divided setting remains a critical component in policy frameworks and project designs. The focus of this study revolves around male- and female-headed households' engagement in business operations, with an extended effect on household welfare. This study uses Malawi's Integrated Household Survey 5, and answers two research questions: Are there any determinants of household engagement in non-farm businesses in rural and urban areas of Malawi? And is there any impact of gender differentials in household engagements in non-farm business operations on household welfare in rural and urban areas of Malawi? This study notes that male-managed non-farm SMEs had better profits compared with their female counterparts, as described by the Probit and the Oaxaca two-fold decomposition models. Mediation analysis was later used to establish the impact of the gender differentials using profits as the mediating variable. In general, females were found to be better off, but the benefits were insignificant in reducing the general rural–urban gap. This study recommends the provision of support towards credit structures for rural households and women-headed households; improved financial and business literacy for increased engagement in business operations and reduced poverty; and support towards advocacy of gender inclusion in economic empowerment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the evolution and impact of research on the challenges and opportunities in the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in manufacturing between 2019 and August 2024. By addressing the growing integration of AI technologies in the manufacturing sector, the research seeks to provide a comprehensive view of how AI applications are transforming production processes, improving efficiency, and opening new business opportunities. A bibliometric analysis was conducted, examining global scientific production, influential authors, key sources, and thematic trends. Data were collected from Scopus, and a detailed review of key publications was carried out to identify knowledge gaps and unresolved research questions. The results reveal a steady increase in research related to AI in manufacturing, with a strong focus on automation, predictive maintenance, and supply chain optimization. The study also highlights the dominance of certain institutions and key authors driving this field of research. Despite the progress, significant challenges remain, particularly regarding the scalability of AI solutions and ethical considerations. The findings suggest that while AI holds considerable potential for the manufacturing industry, more interdisciplinary research is needed to address existing gaps and maximize its benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This tertiary study lists the secondary studies published in the process mining domain and provides an analysis related to a set of research questions. It is the first tertiary study in this area. The objective is to provide information about the available secondary studies in process mining, respond to research questions relating to the thematic areas covered in the studies, as well as trends regarding their quality, and report on findings for publication venues, citations, guidelines used, and demographics. Method: A tertiary study based on systematic secondary studies published up to March 2023. A total of 25 secondary studies related to process mining have been identified following the application of inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality assessment. Results: The most popular thematic areas addressed are technologies and applications for process mining and healthcare. The secondary studies in process mining have a medium quality score of 3.5. The guidelines introduced by Kitchenham over the years are preferred in secondary studies in this field. There is no trend related to the number of primary studies included in secondary studies in process mining. Conclusion: Although numerous secondary studies exist for process mining, there is still room for more research, specifically in the areas highlighted in this study. Future researchers can use this study for reference, and they can also use the listed research topics to dive deep into the issues identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review provides an expanded view of the Agile methodology in the software industry - an iterative, incremental project management framework that is renowned for its use in software development. Research questions covering the advantages, disadvantages, enablers, and barriers to Agile were formulated to analyse accepted research papers from 2019 to 2023. Notable overlapping findings were found in the 25 studies that were included. The results revealed that human factors such as communication, conflict resolution, and understanding Agile are essential to the successful implementation of Agile software development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to cultivate inclusive and participatory environments in school settings justifies the implementation of strategies such as Human Libraries (HL), spaces where real individuals, referred to as “human books,” share their experiences and perspectives, thereby promoting empathy and dialogue. In this systematic literature review conducted following the PRISMA protocol, we examine the scientific literature on the implementation of HL in the educational context. The review covers the period from January 2000 to January 2024 and was carried out across the databases of Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, ERIC, Dialnet, and the Google Scholar search engine. Our review addresses seven research questions, grouped into four dimensions: the conception of HL in the educational context and their benefits, objects of study and participants, the implementation process and recommendations, challenges, and future research directions. Among the noteworthy findings is that HL, in addition to their educational function and their ability to counteract prejudices while fostering human connection, emerge as an innovative method associated with narrative research. This discovery provides valuable insights for future interventions and research endeavors that ensure the construction of educational environments free from violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coherent multi‐band splicing is an optimal solution for extending existing band‐limited communication systems to support high‐precision sensing applications. Conceptually, the communication system performs narrow‐band measurements at different centre frequencies, which are then concatenated to increase the effective bandwidth without altering the sampling rate. This can be done in parallel for multiple non‐contiguous subbands or by hopping across the different bands. However, multi‐band splicing poses significant challenges, particularly in compensating for phase offsets and hardware distortions before stitching the acquired samples, which can be distributed in contiguous or non‐contiguous manners. This survey paper studies the state of the art in coherent multi‐band splicing and identify open research questions. For beginners in the field, this review serves as a guide to the most relevant literature, enabling them to quickly catch up with the current achievements. For experts, open research questions that require further investigation are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]