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1. FLAG Review 2021

Author: Y. Aoki, T. Blum, G. Colangelo, S. Collins, M. Della Morte, P. Dimopoulos, S. Dürr, X. Feng, H. Fukaya, M. Golterman, Steven Gottlieb, R. Gupta, S. Hashimoto, U. M. Heller, G. Herdoiza, P. Hernandez, R. Horsley, A. Jüttner, T. Kaneko, E. Lunghi, S. Meinel, C. Monahan, A. Nicholson, T. Onogi, C. Pena, P. Petreczky, A. Portelli, A. Ramos, S. R. Sharpe, J. N. Simone, S. Simula, S. Sint, R. Sommer, N. Tantalo, R. Van de Water, U. Wenger, H. Wittig, and Flavour Lattice Averaging Group (FLAG)
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract We review lattice results related to pion, kaon, D-meson, B-meson, and nucleon physics with the aim of making them easily accessible to the nuclear and particle physics communities. More specifically, we report on the determination of the light-quark masses, the form factor $$f_+(0)$$ f + ( 0 ) arising in the semileptonic $$K \rightarrow \pi $$ K → π transition at zero momentum transfer, as well as the decay constant ratio $$f_K/f_\pi $$ f K / f π and its consequences for the CKM matrix elements $$V_{us}$$ V us and $$V_{ud}$$ V ud . Furthermore, we describe the results obtained on the lattice for some of the low-energy constants of $$SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R$$ S U ( 2 ) L × S U ( 2 ) R and $$SU(3)_L\times SU(3)_R$$ S U ( 3 ) L × S U ( 3 ) R Chiral Perturbation Theory. We review the determination of the $$B_K$$ B K parameter of neutral kaon mixing as well as the additional four B parameters that arise in theories of physics beyond the Standard Model. For the heavy-quark sector, we provide results for $$m_c$$ m c and $$m_b$$ m b as well as those for the decay constants, form factors, and mixing parameters of charmed and bottom mesons and baryons. These are the heavy-quark quantities most relevant for the determination of CKM matrix elements and the global CKM unitarity-triangle fit. We review the status of lattice determinations of the strong coupling constant $$\alpha _s$$ α s . We consider nucleon matrix elements, and review the determinations of the axial, scalar and tensor bilinears, both isovector and flavor diagonal. Finally, in this review we have added a new section reviewing determinations of scale-setting quantities.
Published: 2022
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2. FLAG Review 2019

Author: S. Aoki, Y. Aoki, D. Bečirević, T. Blum, G. Colangelo, S. Collins, M. Della Morte, P. Dimopoulos, S. Dürr, H. Fukaya, M. Golterman, Steven Gottlieb, R. Gupta, S. Hashimoto, U. M. Heller, G. Herdoiza, R. Horsley, A. Jüttner, T. Kaneko, C.-J. D. Lin, E. Lunghi, R. Mawhinney, A. Nicholson, T. Onogi, C. Pena, A. Portelli, A. Ramos, S. R. Sharpe, J. N. Simone, S. Simula, R. Sommer, R. Van de Water, A. Vladikas, U. Wenger, and H. Wittig
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract We review lattice results related to pion, kaon, D-meson, B-meson, and nucleon physics with the aim of making them easily accessible to the nuclear and particle physics communities. More specifically, we report on the determination of the light-quark masses, the form factor $$f_+(0)$$ f+(0) arising in the semileptonic $$K \rightarrow \pi $$ K→π transition at zero momentum transfer, as well as the decay constant ratio $$f_K/f_\pi $$ fK/fπ and its consequences for the CKM matrix elements $$V_{us}$$ Vus and $$V_{ud}$$ Vud . Furthermore, we describe the results obtained on the lattice for some of the low-energy constants of $$SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R$$ SU(2)L×SU(2)R and $$SU(3)_L\times SU(3)_R$$ SU(3)L×SU(3)R Chiral Perturbation Theory. We review the determination of the $$B_K$$ BK parameter of neutral kaon mixing as well as the additional four B parameters that arise in theories of physics beyond the Standard Model. For the heavy-quark sector, we provide results for $$m_c$$ mc and $$m_b$$ mb as well as those for D- and B-meson decay constants, form factors, and mixing parameters. These are the heavy-quark quantities most relevant for the determination of CKM matrix elements and the global CKM unitarity-triangle fit. We review the status of lattice determinations of the strong coupling constant $$\alpha _s$$ αs . Finally, in this review we have added a new section reviewing results for nucleon matrix elements of the axial, scalar and tensor bilinears, both isovector and flavor diagonal.
Published: 2020
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3. Recent Advancements in the Regeneration of Auditory Hair Cells and Hearing Restoration

Author: Rahul Mittal, Desiree Nguyen, Amit P. Patel, Luca H. Debs, Jeenu Mittal, Denise Yan, Adrien A. Eshraghi, Thomas R. Van De Water, and Xue Z. Liu
Subjects: auditory hair cells, hair cell regeneration, hearing loss, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Neurosensory responses of hearing and balance are mediated by receptors in specialized neuroepithelial sensory cells. Any disruption of the biochemical and molecular pathways that facilitate these responses can result in severe deficits, including hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Hearing is affected by both environmental and genetic factors, with impairment of auditory function being the most common neurosensory disorder affecting 1 in 500 newborns, as well as having an impact on the majority of elderly population. Damage to auditory sensory cells is not reversible, and if sufficient damage and cell death have taken place, the resultant deficit may lead to permanent deafness. Cochlear implants are considered to be one of the most successful and consistent treatments for deaf patients, but only offer limited recovery at the expense of loss of residual hearing. Recently there has been an increased interest in the auditory research community to explore the regeneration of mammalian auditory hair cells and restoration of their function. In this review article, we examine a variety of recent therapies, including genetic, stem cell and molecular therapies as well as discussing progress being made in genome editing strategies as applied to the restoration of hearing function.
Published: 2017
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4. Design, construction and operation of the ProtoDUNE-SP Liquid Argon TPC

Author: Abud, A. Abed Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M. A. Adames, M. R. Adamov, G. Adams, D. Adinolfi, M. Aduszkiewicz, A. and Aguilar, J. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Ali-Mohammadzadeh, B. and Alion, T. Allison, K. Monsalve, S. Alonso Alrashed, M. and Alt, C. Alton, A. Amedo, P. Anderson, J. and Andreopoulos, C. Andreotti, M. Andrews, M. P. Andrianala, F. and Andringa, S. Anfimov, N. Ankowski, A. Antoniassi, M. and Antonova, M. Antoshkin, A. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. and Ariga, A. Arnold, L. O. Arroyave, M. A. Asaadi, J. and Asquith, L. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V Autiero, D. and Ayala-Torres, M. Azfar, F. Back, A. Back, H. Back, J. J. and Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagaturia, I Bagby, L. and Balashov, N. Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Baller, B. and Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G. J. and Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Barranco Monarca, J. and Barros, A. Barros, N. Barrow, J. L. Basharina-Freshville, A. and Bashyal, A. Basque, V Belchior, E. Battat, J. B. R. and Battisti, F. Bay, F. Alba, J. L. Bazo Beacom, J. F. and Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. and Bellini, V Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. and Montiel, C. Benitez Neves, F. Bento Berger, J. Berkman, S. and Bernardini, P. Berner, R. M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. and Betancourt, M. Betancur Rodriguez, A. Bevan, A. Bezerra, T. J. C. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuller, S. Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Blaszczyk, F. D. M. Blazey, G. C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. and Bomben, L. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. and Booth, A. Booth, C. Boran, F. Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. and Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Bourgeois, C. Boyd, S. B. and Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. and Branca, A. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. and Brice, S. J. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. and Brooke, J. Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Brunetti, M. and Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Butorov, I Cagnoli, I Caiulo, D. and Calabrese, R. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. and Calvez, S. Calvo, E. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. and Cankocak, K. Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. and Carneiro, M. F. Carniti, P. Terrazas, I. Caro Carranza, H. and Carroll, T. Casta, J. F. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. and Catano-Mur, E. Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. and Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, A. Chalifour, M. Chappell, A. Chardonnet, E. and Charitonidis, N. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. and Chen, K. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Cheon, Y. and Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. and Chisnall, G. Cho, K. Choate, S. Chokheli, D. Chong, P. S. Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. and Christodoulou, G. Chukanov, A. Chung, M. Church, E. and Cicero, V Clarke, P. Coan, T. E. Cocco, A. G. Coelho, J. A. B. Conley, E. Conley, R. Conrad, J. M. Convery, M. and Copello, S. Corwin, L. Valentim, R. Cremaldi, L. and Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadon, I, J. Crisler, M. Cristaldo, E. and Cross, R. Cudd, A. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. Cussans, D. and Dabrowski, M. Dalager, O. da Motta, H. Peres, L. Da Silva David, C. David, Q. Davies, G. S. Davini, S. and Dawson, J. De, K. De Almeida, R. M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I Decowski, M. P. de Gouvea, A. De Holanda, P. C. and Astiz, I. L. De Icaza Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. and Delepine, D. Delgado, M. Dell'Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. and de Mello Neto, J. R. T. DeMuth, D. M. Dennis, S. and Densham, C. Deptuch, G. W. De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V De Souza, G. Devi, R. Dharmapalan, R. Dias, M. Diaz, F. and Diaz, J. S. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. and Doering, D. Dolan, S. Dolek, F. Dolinski, M. J. and Domine, L. Douglas, D. Douillet, D. Drake, G. Drielsma, F. Duarte, L. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. and Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D. A. and Dyshkant, A. S. Eads, M. Earle, A. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. and Emberger, L. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. Erjavec, T. and Escobar, C. O. Eurin, G. Evans, J. J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A. C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. Fani, M. Farnese, C. and Farzan, Y. Fedoseev, D. Felix, J. Feng, Y. and Fernandez-Martinez, E. Fernandez Menendez, P. Fernandez Morales, M. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filip, P. Filthaut, F. and Fiorentini, A. Fiorini, M. Fitzpatrick, R. S. Flanagan, W. and Fleming, B. Flight, R. Forero, V, D. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. Franco, D. Freeman, J. and Freestone, J. Fried, J. Friedland, A. Robayo, F. Fuentes and Fuess, S. Furic, I Furmanski, A. P. Gabrielli, A. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallas, A. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. and Galymov, V Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Ganacim, F. and Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. Gao, F. Gao, S. Garcia, A. C. B. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Peris, M. A. Gardiner, S. and Gastler, D. Gauvreau, J. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. and Gent, S. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Giammaria, P. Giammaria, T. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I Gilligan, S. Girerd, C. and Giri, A. K. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. Gollapinni, S. and Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R. A. Gomez Bermeo, V, L. Gomez Fajardo, L. S. Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J. A. Gonzalez Diaz, D. Gonzalez-Lopez, M. Goodman, M. C. Goodwin, O. and Goswami, S. Gotti, C. Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gran, R. Granados, E. Granger, P. Grant, A. and Grant, C. Gratieri, D. Green, P. Greenler, L. Greer, J. and Grenard, J. Griffith, W. C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. and Grzelak, K. Gu, W. Guardincerri, E. Guarino, V Guarise, M. Guenette, R. Guerard, E. Guerzoni, M. Guglielmi, A. and Guo, B. Guthikonda, K. K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. and Guzzo, M. M. Gwon, S. Ha, C. Habig, A. Hadavand, H. and Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haiston, J. Hamacher-Baumann, P. and Hamernik, T. Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harris, D. A. and Hartnell, J. Harton, J. Hasegawa, T. Hasnip, C. Hatcher, R. Hatfield, K. W. Hatzikoutelis, A. Hayes, C. and Hayrapetyan, K. Hays, J. Hazen, E. He, M. Heavey, A. and Heeger, K. M. Heise, J. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. and Morquecho, M. A. Hernandez Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hewes, J. and Higuera, A. Hill, T. Hillier, S. J. Himmel, A. and Hirsch, L. R. Ho, J. Hoff, J. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. and Horton-Smith, G. A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. and Howell, R. Hristova, I Hronek, M. S. Huang, J. Huang, J. and Hugon, J. Iles, G. Ilic, N. Iliescu, A. M. and Illingworth, R. Ingratta, G. Ioannisian, A. Isenhower, L. and Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. Jackson, C. M. Jain, V James, E. Jang, W. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jena, D. Jeong, Y. S. Jesus-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jimenez, S. and Jipa, A. Johnson, R. Johnston, N. Jones, B. Jones, S. B. and Judah, M. Jung, C. K. Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I Kalra, D. Kakorin, I and Kalitkina, A. Kamiya, F. Kaneshige, N. Karagiorgi, G. and Karaman, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. Karyotakis, Y. and Kasai, S. Kasetti, S. P. Kashur, L. Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K. J. Kemp, E. Kemularia, O. and Ketchum, W. Kettell, S. H. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. and Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. and Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L. W. Kohn, S. and Koller, P. P. Kolupaeva, L. Korablev, D. Kordosky, M. and Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecky, V. A. Kothekar, K. and Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I Kropp, W. Kudenko, Y. and Kudryavtsev, V. A. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, P. and Kunze, P. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V Kutter, T. Kvasnicka, J. and Kwak, D. Lambert, A. Land, B. J. Lande, K. Lane, C. E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Langstaff, M. Larkin, J. and Lasorak, P. Last, D. Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Laurenti, G. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I LaZur, R. Lazzaroni, M. and Le, T. Leardini, S. Learned, J. LeBrun, P. LeCompte, T. and Lee, C. Lee, S. Y. Miotto, G. Lehmann Lehnert, R. de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui Leitner, M. Lepin, L. M. Li, L. and Li, S. W. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. Lin, C. S. Lin, Q. and Lin, S. Ling, J. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B. R. Liu, J. Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I and Long, K. Loo, K. Lord, T. LoSecco, J. M. Louis, W. C. and Lu, X-G Luk, K. B. Luo, X. Luppi, E. Lurkin, N. and Lux, T. Luzio, V. P. MacFarlane, D. Machado, A. A. and Machado, P. Macias, C. T. Macier, J. R. Maddalena, A. and Madera, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. Maio, A. and Major, A. Maloney, J. A. Mandrioli, G. Mandujano, R. C. and Maneira, J. Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Plata, M. Manrique Manyam, V. N. Manzanillas, L. and Marchan, M. Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. and Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marie, R. Marinho, F. Marino, A. D. Marsden, D. Marshak, M. Marshall, C. M. Marshall, J. and Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Caicedo, D. A. Martinez Martynenko, S. Mascagna, V Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matichard, F. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. and Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. Mawby, I Mazza, R. and Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McAskill, T. McCluskey, E. and McConkey, N. McFarland, K. S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. and Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mena, O. Menary, S. and Mendez, H. Mendez, P. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. Messier, M. D. Metcalf, W. Mettler, T. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. Michna, G. Miedema, T. Mikola, V Milincic, R. and Miller, G. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. and Miranda, O. G. Miryala, S. Mishra, C. S. Mishra, S. R. and Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. Mohayai, T. A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. and Bueno, L. Molina Montagna, E. Montanari, A. Montanari, C. and Montanari, D. Montano Zetina, L. M. Moon, J. Moon, S. H. and Mooney, M. Moor, A. F. Moreno, D. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C. A. Mousseau, J. Mouster, G. and Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. Mufson, S. and Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. Munford, D. Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. and Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. and Nath, A. Navas-Nicolas, D. Navrer-Agasson, A. Nayak, N. and Nebot-Guinot, M. Negishi, K. Nelson, J. K. Nesbit, J. and Nessi, M. Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Newton, H. Nichol, R. Nicolas-Arnaldos, F. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Norrick, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. and Nowak, J. A. Oberling, M. Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P. Del Campo, A. Olivares Olivier, A. Olshevskiy, A. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palacio, G. and Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J. M. Pallavicini, M. and Palomares, C. Palomino-Gallo, J. L. Vazquez, W. Panduro and Pantic, E. Paolone, V Papadimitriou, V Papaleo, R. and Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. Parozzi, E. and Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. and Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. and Patterson, R. B. Patton, S. J. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. and Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V Peeters, S. J. M. Pennacchio, E. Penzo, A. and Peres, O. L. G. Perry, J. Pershey, D. Pessina, G. and Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Piastra, F. Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Plunkett, R. Poling, R. Pons, X. and Poonthottathil, N. Poppi, F. Pordes, S. Porter, J. and Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Pozimski, J. and Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prest, M. and Prince, S. Psihas, F. Pugnere, D. Qian, X. Bazetto, M. C. Queiroga Raaf, J. L. Radeka, V Rademacker, J. Radics, B. Rafique, A. Raguzin, E. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, M. and Rakhno, I Rakotonandrasana, A. Rakotondravohitra, L. and Ramachers, Y. A. Rameika, R. Ramirez Delgado, M. A. Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. Raselli, G. Ratoff, P. Raut, S. and Razakamiandra, R. F. Rea, E. Real, J. S. Rebel, B. and Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rehak, T. Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S. D. Sfar, H. Rejeb Renshaw, A. Rescia, S. Resnati, F. and Reynolds, A. Ribas, M. Riboldi, S. Riccio, C. Riccobene, G. Rice, L. C. J. Ricol, J. Rigamonti, A. Rigaut, Y. and Rivera, D. Robert, A. Rochester, L. Roda, M. Rodrigues, P. Alonso, M. J. Rodriguez Bonilla, E. Rodriguez Rondon, J. Rodriguez Villa, L. A. Romo Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rosenberg, M. Rosier, P. Roskovec, B. Rossella, M. Rossi, M. and Rout, J. Roy, P. Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. and Rubio, F. C. Russell, B. Ruterbories, D. Rybnikov, A. and Saa-Hernandez, A. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. Safford, T. and Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. Samoylov, O. Sanchez, M. C. and Sandberg, V Sanders, D. A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. and Santos-Maldonado, M. Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. and Sarcevic, I Savage, G. Savinov, V Scaramelli, A. and Scarff, A. Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. and Schifano, S. Schlabach, P. Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. and Schukraft, A. Segreto, E. Selyunin, A. Senise, C. R. and Sensenig, J. Seoane, M. Seong, I Sergi, A. Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M. H. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. Sharankova, R. and Sharma, H. R. Sharma, R. Kumar, R. Shaw, T. and Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Sheshukov, A. Shin, S. and Shoemaker, I Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. Siegel, H. Simard, L. Simon, F. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, L. Singh, V Sipos, R. Sippach, F. W. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. Siyeon, K. Skarpaas, K. and Smith, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smolik, J. Smy, M. and Snider, E. L. Snopok, P. Snowden-Ifft, D. Nunes, M. Soares and Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. Sokolov, S. Solano Salinas, C. J. Soldner-Rembold, S. Soleti, S. R. Solomey, N. and Solovov, V Sondheim, W. E. Sorel, M. Sotnikov, A. and Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. Soustruznik, K. Spagliardi, F. and Spanu, M. Spitz, J. Spooner, N. J. C. Spurgeon, K. and Staley, R. Stancari, M. Stanco, L. Stanley, R. Stein, R. and Steiner, H. M. Lisboa, A. F. Steklain Stewart, J. and Stillwell, B. Stock, J. Stocker, F. Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Suarez, J. G. and Sullivan, H. Summers, D. Surdo, A. Susic, V Suter, L. Sutera, C. M. Svoboda, R. Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A. M. Tanaka, H. A. Oregui, B. Tapia Tapper, A. Tariq, S. and Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. Teklu, A. M. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C. A. Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thakore, T. and Thea, A. Thompson, J. L. Thorn, C. Timm, S. C. and Tishchenko, V Todd, J. Tomassetti, L. Tonazzo, A. and Torbunov, D. Torti, M. Tortola, M. Tortorici, F. Tosi, N. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. Travaglini, R. and Trevor, J. Trilov, S. Trzaska, W. H. Tsai, Y. Tsai, Y-T Tsamalaidze, Z. Tsang, V, K. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. Tzanov, M. Uboldi, L. Uchida, M. A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. Uzunyan, S. Vagins, M. R. and Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G. A. Valencia, E. Pia, V and Vallari, Z. Vallazza, E. Valle, J. W. F. Vallecorsa, S. and Van Berg, R. Van de Water, R. G. Varanini, F. Vargas, D. and Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasina, S. Vasseur, G. Vaughan, N. and Vaziri, K. Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. and Vermeulen, M. A. Verzocchi, M. Vicenzi, M. de Souza, H. Vieira Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. Viren, B. Vrba, T. and Wachala, T. Waldron, V, A. Wallbank, M. Wallis, C. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Wang, Y. and Wang, Y. Warburton, K. Warner, D. Wascko, M. O. Waters, D. Watson, A. Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. White, A. and Whitehead, L. H. Whittington, D. Wilking, M. J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. Wilson, F. Wilson, R. J. Wisniewski, W. and Wolcott, J. Wongjirad, T. Wood, A. Wood, K. and Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. and Xiao, Y. Xie, F. Yandel, E. Yang, G. Yang, K. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yankelevich, A. Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. and Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, H. Yu, H. Yu, J. Yuan, W. and Zaki, R. Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. and Zazueta, L. Zeller, G. P. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. and Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zilberman, P. and Zimmerman, E. D. Zito, M. Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. and Zutshi, V Zwaska, R. DUNE Collaboration
Abstract: The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) that was constructed and operated in the CERN North Area at the end of the H4 beamline. This detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which will be constructed at the Sandford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, U.S.A. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector incorporates full-size components as designed for DUNE and has an active volume of 7 x 6 x 7.2 m3. The H4 beam delivers incident particles with well-measured momenta and high-purity particle identification. ProtoDUNE-SP's successful operation between 2018 and 2020 demonstrates the effectiveness of the single-phase far detector design. This paper describes the design, construction, assembly and operation of the detector components.
Published: 2022

5. Review of Particle Physics: 2022

Author: Workman, R.L., V.D. Burkert, V. Crede, E. Klempt, U. Thoma, L. Tiator, K. Agashe, G. Aielli, B.C. Allanach, C. Amsler, M. Antonelli, E.C. Aschenauer, D.M. Asner, H. Baer, Sw. Banerjee, R.M. Barnett, L. Baudis, C.W. Bauer, J.J. Beatty, V.I. Belousov, J. Beringer, A. Bettini, O. Biebel, K.M. Black, E. Blucher, R. Bonventre, V.V. Bryzgalov, O. Buchmuller, M.A. Bychkov, R.N. Cahn, M. Carena, A. Ceccucci, A. Cerri, R. Sekhar Chivukula, G. Cowan, K. Cranmer, O. Cremonesi, G. D'Ambrosio, T. Damour, D. de Florian, A. de Gouvêa, T. DeGrand, P. de Jong, S. Demers, B.A. Dobrescu, M. D'Onofrio, M. Doser, H.K. Dreiner, P. Eerola, U. Egede, S. Eidelman, A.X. El-Khadra, J. Ellis, S.C. Eno, J. Erler, V.V. Ezhela, W. Fetscher, B.D. Fields, A. Freitas, H. Gallagher, Y. Gershtein, T. Gherghetta, M.C. Gonzalez-Garcia, M. Goodman, C. Grab, A.V. Gritsan, C. Grojean, D.E. Groom, M. Grünewald, A. Gurtu, T. Gutsche, H.E. Haber, Matthieu Hamel, C. Hanhart, S. Hashimoto, Y. Hayato, A. Hebecker, S. Heinemeyer, J.J. Hernández-Rey, K. Hikasa, J. Hisano, A. Höcker, J. Holder, L. Hsu, J. Huston, T. Hyodo, Al. Ianni, M. Kado, M. Karliner, U.F. Katz, M. Kenzie, V.A. Khoze, S.R. Klein, F. Krauss, M. Kreps, P. Križan, B. Krusche, Y. Kwon, O. Lahav, J. Laiho, L.P. Lellouch, J. Lesgourgues, A.R. Liddle, Z. Ligeti, C.-J. Lin, C. Lippmann, T.M. Liss, L. Littenberg, C. Lourenço, K.S. Lugovsky, S.B. Lugovsky, A. Lusiani, Y. Makida, F. Maltoni, T. Mannel, A.V. Manohar, W.J. Marciano, A. Masoni, J. Matthews, U.-G. Meißner, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann, M. Mikhasenko, D.J. Miller, D. Milstead, R.E. Mitchell, K. Mönig, P. Molaro, F. Moortgat, M. Moskovic, K. Nakamura, M. Narain, P. Nason, S. Navas, A. Nelles, M. Neubert, P. Nevski, Y. Nir, K.A. Olive, C. Patrignani, J.A. Peacock, V.A. Petrov, E. Pianori, A. Pich, A. Piepke, F. Pietropaolo, A. Pomarol, S. Pordes, S. Profumo, A. Quadt, K. Rabbertz, J. Rademacker, G. Raffelt, M. Ramsey-Musolf, B.N. Ratcliff, P. Richardson, A. Ringwald, D.J. Robinson, S. Roesler, S. Rolli, A. Romaniouk, L.J. Rosenberg, J.L. Rosner, G. Rybka, M.G. Ryskin, R.A. Ryutin, Y. Sakai, S. Sarkar, F. Sauli, O. Schneider, S. Schönert, K. Scholberg, A.J. Schwartz, J. Schwiening, D. Scott, F. Sefkow, U. Seljak, V. Sharma, S.R. Sharpe, V. Shiltsev, G. Signorelli, M. Silari, F. Simon, T. Sjöstrand, P. Skands, T. Skwarnicki, G.F. Smoot, A. Soffer, M.S. Sozzi, S. Spanier, C. Spiering, A. Stahl, S.L. Stone, Y. Sumino, M.J. Syphers, F. Takahashi, M. Tanabashi, J. Tanaka, M. Taševský, K. Terao, K. Terashi, J. Terning, R.S. Thorne, M. Titov, N.P. Tkachenko, D.R. Tovey, K. Trabelsi, P. Urquijo, G. Valencia, R. Van de Water, N. Varelas, G. Venanzoni, L. Verde, I. Vivarelli, P. Vogel, W. Vogelsang, V. Vorobyev, S.P. Wakely, W. Walkowiak, C.W. Walter, D. Wands, D.H. Weinberg, E.J. Weinberg, N. Wermes, M. White, L.R. Wiencke, S. Willocq, C.G. Wohl, C.L. Woody, W.-M. Yao, M. Yokoyama, R. Yoshida, G. Zanderighi, G.P. Zeller, O.V. Zenin, R.-Y. Zhu, Shi-Lin Zhu, F. Zimmermann, P.A. Zyla, J. Anderson, T. Basaglia, P. Schaffner, and W. Zheng
Subjects: Nuclear Physics - Theory, Particle Physics - Experiment, Particle Physics - Theory, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,143 new measurements from 709 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Machine Learning, and one on Spectroscopy of Light Meson Resonances. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 97 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 23 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print, as a web version optimized for use on phones, and as an Android app.
Published: 2022

6. Molecular Regulation of Auditory Hair Cell Death and Approaches to Protect Sensory Receptor Cells and/or Stimulate Repair Following Acoustic Trauma

Author: Christine T DINH, Stefania eGONCALVES, Esperanza eBAS, Thomas R VAN DE WATER, and Azel eZINE
Subjects: Apoptosis, Cochlea, Inflammation, Necrosis, repair, Trauma, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Loss of auditory sensory hair cells is the most common cause of hearing loss. This review addresses the signaling pathways that are involved in the programmed and necrotic cell death of auditory hair cells that occur in response to ototoxic and traumatic stressor events. The roles of inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, cell death receptors, members of the MAPK signal pathway and pro- and anti- cell death members of the Bcl-2 family are explored. The molecular interaction of these signal pathways that initiates the loss of stress damaged auditory hair cells following acoustic trauma is covered and possible therapeutic interventions that may protect these sensory damaged auditory hair cells from loss via apoptotic or non-apoptotic cell death are explored.
Published: 2015
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7. Review of Particle Physics (RPP 2020)

Author: P A Zyla, R M Barnett, J Beringer, O Dahl, D A Dwyer, D E Groom, C -J Lin, K S Lugovsky, E Pianori, D J Robinson, C G Wohl, W -M Yao, K Agashe, G Aielli, B C Allanach, C Amsler, M Antonelli, E C Aschenauer, D M Asner, H Baer, Sw Banerjee, L Baudis, C W Bauer, J J Beatty, V I Belousov, S Bethke, A Bettini, O Biebel, K M Black, E Blucher, O Buchmuller, V Burkert, M A Bychkov, R N Cahn, M Carena, A Ceccucci, A Cerri, D Chakraborty, R Sekhar Chivukula, G Cowan, G D'Ambrosio, T Damour, D de Florian, A de Gouvêa, T DeGrand, P de Jong, G Dissertori, B A Dobrescu, M D'Onofrio, M Doser, M Drees, H K Dreiner, P Eerola, U Egede, S Eidelman, J Ellis, J Erler, V V Ezhela, W Fetscher, B D Fields, B Foster, A Freitas, H Gallagher, L Garren, H -J Gerber, G Gerbier, T Gershon, Y Gershtein, T Gherghetta, A A Godizov, M C Gonzalez-Garcia, M Goodman, C Grab, A V Gritsan, C Grojean, M Grünewald, A Gurtu, T Gutsche, H E Haber, C Hanhart, S Hashimoto, Y Hayato, A Hebecker, S Heinemeyer, B Heltsley, J J Hernández-Rey, K Hikasa, J Hisano, A Höcker, J Holder, A Holtkamp, J Huston, T Hyodo, K F Johnson, M Kado, M Karliner, U F Katz, M Kenzie, V A Khoze, S R Klein, E Klempt, R V Kowalewski, F Krauss, M Kreps, B Krusche, Y Kwon, O Lahav, J Laiho, L P Lellouch, J Lesgourgues, A R Liddle, Z Ligeti, C Lippmann, T M Liss, L Littenberg, C Lourengo, S B Lugovsky, A Lusiani, Y Makida, F Maltoni, T Mannel, A V Manohar, W J Marciano, A Masoni, J Matthews, U -G Meißner, M Mikhasenko, D J Miller, D Milstead, R E Mitchell, K Mönig, P Molaro, F Moortgat, M Moskovic, K Nakamura, M Narain, P Nason, S Navas, M Neubert, P Nevski, Y Nir, K A Olive, C Patrignani, J A Peacock, S T Petcov, V A Petrov, A Pich, A Piepke, A Pomarol, S Profumo, A Quadt, K Rabbertz, J Rademacker, G Raffelt, H Ramani, M Ramsey-Musolf, B N Ratcliff, P Richardson, A Ringwald, S Roesler, S Rolli, A Romaniouk, L J Rosenberg, J L Rosner, G Rybka, M Ryskin, R A Ryutin, Y Sakai, G P Salam, S Sarkar, F Sauli, O Schneider, K Scholberg, A J Schwartz, J Schwiening, D Scott, V Sharma, S R Sharpe, T Shutt, M Silari, T Sjöstrand, P Skands, T Skwarnicki, G F Smoot, A Soffer, M S Sozzi, S Spanier, C Spiering, A Stahl, S L Stone, Y Sumino, T Sumiyoshi, M J Syphers, F Takahashi, M Tanabashi, J Tanaka, M Taševský, K Terashi, J Terning, U Thoma, R S Thorne, L Tiator, M Titov, N P Tkachenko, D R Tovey, K Trabelsi, P Urquijo, G Valencia, R Van de Water, N Varelas, G Venanzoni, L Verde, M G Vincter, P Vogel, W Vogelsang, A Vogt, V Vorobyev, S P Wakely, W Walkowiak, C W Walter, D Wands, M O Wascko, D H Weinberg, E J Weinberg, M White, L R Wiencke, S Willocq, C L Woody, R L Workman, M Yokoyama, R Yoshida, G Zanderighi, G P Zeller, O V Zenin, R -Y Zhu, S -L Zhu, F Zimmermann, J Anderson, T Basaglia, V S Lugovsky, P Schaffner, W Zheng, P A Zyla, R M Barnett, J Beringer, O Dahl, D A Dwyer, D E Groom, C -J Lin, K S Lugovsky, E Pianori, D J Robinson, C G Wohl, W -M Yao, K Agashe, G Aielli, B C Allanach, C Amsler, M Antonelli, E C Aschenauer, D M Asner, H Baer, Sw Banerjee, L Baudi, C W Bauer, J J Beatty, V I Belousov, S Bethke, A Bettini, O Biebel, K M Black, E Blucher, O Buchmuller, V Burkert, M A Bychkov, R N Cahn, M Carena, A Ceccucci, A Cerri, D Chakraborty, R Sekhar Chivukula, G Cowan, G D'Ambrosio, T Damour, D de Florian, A de Gouvêa, T DeGrand, P de Jong, G Dissertori, B A Dobrescu, M D'Onofrio, M Doser, M Dree, H K Dreiner, P Eerola, U Egede, S Eidelman, J Elli, J Erler, V V Ezhela, W Fetscher, B D Field, B Foster, A Freita, H Gallagher, L Garren, H -J Gerber, G Gerbier, T Gershon, Y Gershtein, T Gherghetta, A A Godizov, M C Gonzalez-Garcia, M Goodman, C Grab, A V Gritsan, C Grojean, M Grünewald, A Gurtu, T Gutsche, H E Haber, C Hanhart, S Hashimoto, Y Hayato, A Hebecker, S Heinemeyer, B Heltsley, J J Hernández-Rey, K Hikasa, J Hisano, A Höcker, J Holder, A Holtkamp, J Huston, T Hyodo, K F Johnson, M Kado, M Karliner, U F Katz, M Kenzie, V A Khoze, S R Klein, E Klempt, R V Kowalewski, F Krau, M Krep, B Krusche, Y Kwon, O Lahav, J Laiho, L P Lellouch, J Lesgourgue, A R Liddle, Z Ligeti, C Lippmann, T M Li, L Littenberg, C Lourengo, S B Lugovsky, A Lusiani, Y Makida, F Maltoni, T Mannel, A V Manohar, W J Marciano, A Masoni, J Matthew, U -G Meißner, M Mikhasenko, D J Miller, D Milstead, R E Mitchell, K Mönig, P Molaro, F Moortgat, M Moskovic, K Nakamura, M Narain, P Nason, S Nava, M Neubert, P Nevski, Y Nir, K A Olive, C Patrignani, J A Peacock, S T Petcov, V A Petrov, A Pich, A Piepke, A Pomarol, S Profumo, A Quadt, K Rabbertz, J Rademacker, G Raffelt, H Ramani, M Ramsey-Musolf, B N Ratcliff, P Richardson, A Ringwald, S Roesler, S Rolli, A Romaniouk, L J Rosenberg, J L Rosner, G Rybka, M Ryskin, R A Ryutin, Y Sakai, G P Salam, S Sarkar, F Sauli, O Schneider, K Scholberg, A J Schwartz, J Schwiening, D Scott, V Sharma, S R Sharpe, T Shutt, M Silari, T Sjöstrand, P Skand, T Skwarnicki, G F Smoot, A Soffer, M S Sozzi, S Spanier, C Spiering, A Stahl, S L Stone, Y Sumino, T Sumiyoshi, M J Sypher, F Takahashi, M Tanabashi, J Tanaka, M Taševský, K Terashi, J Terning, U Thoma, R S Thorne, L Tiator, M Titov, N P Tkachenko, D R Tovey, K Trabelsi, P Urquijo, G Valencia, R Van de Water, N Varela, G Venanzoni, L Verde, M G Vincter, P Vogel, W Vogelsang, A Vogt, V Vorobyev, S P Wakely, W Walkowiak, C W Walter, D Wand, M O Wascko, D H Weinberg, E J Weinberg, M White, L R Wiencke, S Willocq, C L Woody, R L Workman, M Yokoyama, R Yoshida, G Zanderighi, G P Zeller, O V Zenin, R -Y Zhu, S -L Zhu, F Zimmermann, J Anderson, T Basaglia, V S Lugovsky, P Schaffner, and W Zheng
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, HEP, Particle Data Group
Abstract: he Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,324 new measurements from 878 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on High Energy Soft QCD and Diffraction and one on the Determination of CKM Angles from B Hadrons. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 98 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 22 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print and as a web version optimized for use on phones as well as an Android app.
Published: 2020

8. Deep underground neutrino experiment (DUNE) near detector conceptual design report

Author: Abud, A.A. Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M.A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. Adinolfi, M. Aduszkiewicz, A. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S.A. Alrashed, M. Alt, C. Alton, A. Amedo, P. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M.P. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Anfimov, N. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L.O. Arroyave, M.A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. Autiero, D. Ayala-Torres, M. Azfar, F. Back, A. Back, H. Back, J.J. Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagaturia, I. Bagby, L. Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Baller, B. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G.J. Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Monarca, J.B. Barros, N. Barrow, J.L. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Belchior, E. Battat, J.B.R. Battisti, F. Bay, F. Alba, J.L.B. Beacom, J.F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Neves, F.B. Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R.M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Rodríguez, A.B. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuller, S. Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Blaszczyk, F.D.M. Blazey, G.C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bomben, L. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Bourgeois, C. Boyd, S.B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S.J. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Brunetti, M. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Cagnoli, I. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. Calvo, E. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. Cankocak, K. Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. Terrazas, I.C. Carranza, H. Carroll, T. Castaño Forero, J.F. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. Catano-Mur, E. Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Villanueva, A.C. Chalifour, M. Chappell, A. Chardonnet, E. Charitonidis, N. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Chisnall, G. Cho, K. Choate, S. Chokheli, D. Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. Chukanov, A. Church, E. Cicero, V. Clarke, P. Coan, T.E. Cocco, A.G. Coelho, J.A.B. Conley, E. Conley, R. Conrad, J.M. Convery, M. Copello, S. Corwin, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadón, J.I. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cudd, A. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. Cussans, D. Dabrowski, M. Dalager, O. Da Motta, H. Da Silva Peres, L. David, C. David, Q. Davies, G.S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. De Almeida, R.M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I. Decowski, M.P. De Gouvêa, A. De Holanda, P.C. De Icaza Astiz, I.L. Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. Delgado, M. Dell’Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. De Mello Neto, J.R.T. De Muth, D.M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G.W. De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V. De Souza, G. Dharmapalan, R. Diaz, F. Díaz, J.S. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolan, S. Dolinski, M.J. Domine, L. Douglas, D. Douillet, D. Drake, G. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D.A. Dyshkant, A.S. Eads, M. Earle, A. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emberger, L. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. Escobar, C.O. Eurin, G. Evans, J.J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A.C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Carneiro Da Silva, M.F. Fernandez-Martinez, E. Fernandez Menendez, P. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filthaut, F. Fiorentini, A. Fitzpatrick, R.S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. Flight, R. Forero, D.V. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I. Furmanski, A.P. Gabrielli, A. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallas, A. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V. Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. Gao, F. Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. 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Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Hernandez Morquecho, M.A. Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hewes, J. Higuera, A. Hill, T. Hillier, S.J. Himmel, A. Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G.A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Ilic, N. Iliescu, A.M. Illingworth, R. Ingratta, G. Ioannisian, A. Isenhower, L. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. Jackson, S. Jain, V. James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jena, D. Jeong, Y.S. Jesús-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jiménez, S. Jipa, A. Johnson, R. Johnston, N. Jones, B. Jones, S.B. Judah, M. Jung, C.K. Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I. Kakorin, I. Kamiya, F. Kaneshige, N. Karagiorgi, G. Karaman, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S.P. Kashur, L. Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K.J. Kemp, E. Kemularia, O. Ketchum, W. Kettell, S.H. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L.W. Kohn, S. Koller, P.P. Kolupaeva, L. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecký, V.A. Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I. Kudenko, Y. Kudryavtsev, V.A. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, P. Kumar, R. Kunze, P. Kurita, N. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V. Kutter, T. Lambert, A. Land, B. Lande, K. Lane, C.E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Larkin, J. Lasorak, P. Last, D. Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Laurenti, G. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I. Lazur, R. Le, T. Leardini, S. Learned, J. Lebrun, P. Lecompte, T. Lehmann Miotto, G. Lehnert, R. Leigui De Oliveira, M.A. Leitner, M. Li, L. Li, S.W. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. Lin, C.S. Lin, Q. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B.R. Liu, J. Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I. Long, K. Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. Losecco, J.M. Louis, W.C. Lu, X.-G. Luk, K.B. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V.P. Macfarlane, D. Machado, A.A. Machado, P. Macias, C.T. Macier, J.R. Maddalena, A. Madera, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. Maio, A. Major, A. Maloney, J.A. Mandrioli, G. Mandujano, R.C. Maneira, J. Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Manrique Plata, M. Manyam, V.N. Manzanillas, L. Marchan, M. Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marie, R. Marinho, F. Marino, A.D. Marsden, D. Marshak, M. Marshall, C.M. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Martinez Caicedo, D.A. Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. Mawby, I. Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McAskill, T. McCluskey, E. McConkey, N. McFarland, K.S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mena, O. Menary, S. Mendez, H. Méndez, D.P. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. Messier, M.D. Metcalf, W. Mettler, T. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Mikola, V. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O.G. Miryala, S. Mishra, C.S. Mishra, S.R. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I. Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. Mohayai, T.A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. 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Torti, M. Tortola, M. Tortorici, F. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. Tosi, N. Travaglini, R. Trevor, J. Trilov, S. Trzaska, W.H. Tsai, Y.T. Tsamalaidze, Z. Tsang, K.V. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. Tzanov, M. Uchida, M.A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. Uzunyan, S. Vagins, M.R. Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G.A. Valencia, E. Valerio, P. Vallari, Z. Valle, J.W.F. Vallecorsa, S. Van Berg, R. Van De Water, R.G. Varanini, F. Vargas, D. Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasina, S. Vasseur, G. Vaughan, N. Vaziri, K. Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M.A. Verzocchi, M. Vicenzi, M. Vieira De Souza, H. Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. Viren, B. Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, A.V. Wallbank, M. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, M.H.L.S. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. White, A. Whitehead, L.H. Whittington, D. Wilking, M.J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. Wilson, F. Wilson, R.J. Wolcott, J. Wongjirad, T. Wood, A. Wood, K. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yandel, E. Yang, G. Yang, K. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yankelevich, A. Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, H. Yu, J. Yuan, W. Zaki, R. Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeit, G. Zeller, G.P. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zilberman, P. Zimmerman, E.D. Zito, M. Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V. Zwaska, R. DUNE Collaboration
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Published: 2021

9. Supernova neutrino burst detection with the deep underground neutrino experiment: DUNE Collaboration

Author: Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M.A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Alonso Monsalve, S. Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M.P. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L.O. Arroyave, M.A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J.J. Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagby, L. Bajou, R. Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G.J. Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Barranco Monarca, J. Barros, N. Barrow, J.L. Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Bay, F. Alba, J.L.B. Beacom, J.F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Bento Neves, F. Berger, J. Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R.M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Blanco Siffert, B. Blaszczyk, F.D.M. Blazey, G.C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Boyd, S.B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S.J. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. Calvo, E. Camilleri, L. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. Caro Terrazas, I. Carranza, H. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, A. Chalifour, M. Chang, C. Chardonnet, E. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chaves, J. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Cho, K. Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. Church, E. Clarke, P. Coan, T.E. Cocco, A.G. Coelho, J.A.B. Conley, E. Conrad, J.M. Convery, M. Corwin, L. Cotte, P. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadón, J.I. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. Cussans, D. Dabrowski, M. da Motta, H. Da Silva Peres, L. David, C. David, Q. Davies, G.S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. De Almeida, R.M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I. Decowski, M.P. de Gouvêa, A. De Holanda, P.C. De Icaza Astiz, I.L. Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. Delgado, M. Dell-Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. de Mello Neto, J.R.T. DeMuth, D.M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G. De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V. De Vries, J.J. Dharmapalan, R. Dias, M. Diaz, F. Díaz, J.S. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolinski, M.J. Domine, L. Douglas, D. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D.A. Dyshkant, A.S. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. Escobar, C.O. Escudero Sanchez, L. Evans, J.J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A.C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Fernandez-Martinez, E. Fernandez Menendez, P. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filkins, A. Filthaut, F. Fitzpatrick, R.S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. Flight, R. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I. Furmanski, A.P. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V. Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. García-Peris, M.Á. Gardiner, S. Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I. Girerd, C. Giri, A.K. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R.A. Gomez Bermeo, L.V. Gomez Fajardo, L.S. Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J.A. Goodman, M.C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gramellini, E. Gran, R. Granados, E. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. Green, P. Green, S. Greenler, L. Greenwood, M. Greer, J. Griffith, W.C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. Gu, W. Guarino, V. Guenette, R. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. Guthikonda, K.K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M.M. Gwon, S. Habig, A. Hackenburg, A. Hadavand, H. Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haigh, J. Haiston, J. Hamernik, T. Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harder, K. Harris, D.A. Hartnell, J. Hasegawa, T. Hatcher, R. Hazen, E. Heavey, A. Heeger, K.M. Heise, J. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Hernandez Morquecho, M.A. Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hesam, A.S. Hewes, J. Higuera, A. Hill, T. Hillier, S.J. Himmel, A. Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G.A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Ilic, N. Iliescu, A.M. Illingworth, R. Ioannisian, A. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jesùs-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jiménez, S. Jipa, A. Joglekar, A. Johnson, C. Johnson, R. Jones, B. Jones, S. Jung, C.K. Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I. Kamiya, F. Karagiorgi, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S.P. Kashur, L. Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K.J. Kemp, E. Ketchum, W. Kettell, S.H. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L.W. Kohn, S. Koller, P.P. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecký, V.A. Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I. Kudenko, Y. Kudryavtsev, V.A. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, R. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V. Kutter, T. Lambert, A. Lande, K. Lane, C.E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Lasorak, P. Last, D. Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I. LaZur, R. Le, T. Learned, J. LeBrun, P. Lehmann Miotto, G. Lehnert, R. Leigui de Oliveira, M.A. Leitner, M. Leyton, M. Li, L. Li, S. Li, S.W. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. Lin, C.S. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B.R. Liu, J. Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I. Long, K. Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. LoSecco, J.M. Louis, W.C. Luk, K.B. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V.P. MacFarland, D. Machado, A.A. Machado, P. Macias, C.T. Macier, J.R. Maddalena, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. Maio, A. Major, A. Maloney, J.A. Mandrioli, G. Maneira, J. Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Manrique Plata, M. Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marinho, F. Marino, A.D. Marshak, M. Marshall, C. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Martinez Caicedo, D.A. Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, E. McConkey, N. McFarland, K.S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mellinato, M. Mena, O. Menary, S. Mendez, H. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. Messier, M.D. Metcalf, W. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O.G. Miryala, S. Mishra, C.S. Mishra, S.R. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I. Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. Mohayai, T.A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. Molina Bueno, L. Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montano Zetina, L.M. Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A. Moreno, D. Morgan, B. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C.A. Mousseau, J. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. Mufson, S. Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. Navas-Nicolás, D. Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. Necib, L. Negishi, K. Nelson, J.K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Nichol, R. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Norrick, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. Nowak, J.A. Oberling, M. Olivares Del Campo, A. Olivier, A. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J.M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Pantic, E. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, V. Papaleo, R. Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. 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Reynolds, A. Riccobene, G. Rice, L.C.J. Rielage, K. Rigaut, Y. Rivera, D. Rochester, L. Roda, M. Rodrigues, P. Rodriguez Alonso, M.J. Rodriguez Rondon, J. Roeth, A.J. Rogers, H. Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rossella, M. Rout, J. Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Russell, B. Russell, J. Ruterbories, D. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. Safford, T. Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. Sanchez, M.C. Sanders, D.A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I. Savage, G. Savinov, V. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. Segreto, E. Sensenig, J. Seong, I. Sergi, A. Sergiampietri, F. Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M.H. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. Sharma, H.R. Sharma, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Shin, S. Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. Simard, L. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, V. Sipos, R. Sippach, F.W. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. Siyeon, K. Smargianaki, D. Smith, A. Smith, E. 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Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V. Zwaska, R.
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract: The deep underground neutrino experiment (DUNE), a 40-kton underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, will be sensitive to the electron-neutrino flavor component of the burst of neutrinos expected from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova. Such an observation will bring unique insight into the astrophysics of core collapse as well as into the properties of neutrinos. The general capabilities of DUNE for neutrino detection in the relevant few- to few-tens-of-MeV neutrino energy range will be described. As an example, DUNE’s ability to constrain the νe spectral parameters of the neutrino burst will be considered. © 2021, The Author(s).
Published: 2021

10. TGF β‐1 and WNT Signaling Pathways Collaboration Associated with Cochlear Implantation Trauma‐Induced Fibrosis

Author: Mir R. Anwar, Thomas R. Van De Water, and Esperanza Bas
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Histology, Transforming Growth Factor beta1, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fibrosis, medicine, Animals, Inner ear, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Tissue homeostasis, Cell Proliferation, business.industry, Wnt signaling pathway, Fibroblasts, medicine.disease, Cochlear Implantation, Cell biology, Wnt Proteins, Crosstalk (biology), 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Chronic inflammatory response, sense organs, Hair cell, Anatomy, business, Myofibroblast, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Signal Transduction, Biotechnology
Abstract: The crosstalk between TGF-β1 and WNT pathways has been proven to regulate aspects of the development and tissue homeostasis processes. Recently, it has been demonstrated this collaboration also takes place during fibrotic diseases, where TGF-β1 activates the WNT/β-catenin pathway that results in dedifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, increased production of extracellular matrix components and fibrosis. Independent studies show the functions of these molecules during the development of the inner ears in several different species. However, little is known about the collaboration between TGF-β1 and WNT in the injured inner ear and particularly how this collaboration affects the fibrotic process that often occurs following cochlear implantation. First, we used a cochlear explant model to study the effect of electrode insertion trauma and TGF-β1 signaling in activation of the WNT pathway. Finally, adult TopGal mutant mice were used in vivo to track the activation of the WNT/β-catenin in response to EIT. A chronic inflammatory response, increased cell proliferation and tissue remodeling are hallmarks of fibrotic disease. This study explores and highlights the collaboration between the TGF-β1 and WNT pathways in the trauma-initiated fibrotic process within the implanted cochlea. WNT signaling is involved in the development of the inner ear and therefore a potential target in hair cell regeneration therapies. However, in light of our observations from the current study, manipulation of the WNT pathway by gene therapy techniques in the pathological ear seems a very complex process with an increased risk of inducing excessive fibrosis thereby compromising the efficacy of implant function. Anat Rec, 303:608-618, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
Published: 2019
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11. Volume IV The DUNE far detector single-phase technology

Author: Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M. A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. and Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S. Alonso Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. and Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L. O. and Arroyave, M. A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V and Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J. J. Backhouse, C. and Baesso, P. Bagby, L. Bajou, R. Balasubramanian, S. and Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G. and Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Barranco Monarca, J. and Barros, N. Barrow, J. L. Bashyal, A. Basque, V Bay, F. Bazo Alba, J. Beacom, J. F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Neves, F. Bento Berger, J. and Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R. M. Berns, H. and Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. Bhattacharjee, M. and Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. and Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Siffert, B. Blanco Blaszczyk, F. Blazey, G. Blucher, E. and Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bonesini, M. and Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. and Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Boyd, S. and Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. and Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S. J. and Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. and Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. and Calvo, E. Camilleri, L. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. and Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. and Terrazas, I. Caro Carranza, H. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. and Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. and Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, A. Chalifour, M. and Chang, C. Chardonnet, E. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chaves, J. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Cho, K. and Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. and Church, E. Clarke, P. Coan, T. E. Cocco, A. G. and Coelho, J. Conley, E. Conrad, J. Convery, M. Corwin, L. and Cotte, P. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadon, I, J. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. and Cussans, D. Dabrowski, M. Da Motta, H. Peres, L. Da Silva and David, Q. Davies, G. S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. and De Almeida, R. M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I Decowski, M. and De Gouvea, A. De Holanda, P. C. Astiz, I. L. De Icaza and Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. and Delgado, M. Dell'Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. De Mello Neto, J. R. DeMuth, D. M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G. and De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V De Vries, J. Dharmapalan, R. and Dias, M. Diaz, F. Diaz, J. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. and Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolinski, M. Domine, L. and Douglas, D. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D. and Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emery, S. and Ereditato, A. Escobar, C. Sanchez, L. Escudero Evans, J. J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A. C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. and Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Fernandez-Martinez, E. and Fernandez Menendez, P. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filkins, A. and Filthaut, F. Fitzpatrick, R. S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. and Flight, R. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. and Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. and Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I Furmanski, A. P. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V and Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. and Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Peris, M. A. Gardiner, S. and Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. and Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I Girerd, C. Giri, A. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. and Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R. A. Gomez Bermeo, L. and Gomez Fajardo, L. S. Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J. and Goodman, M. C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. and Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gramellini, E. Gran, R. Granados, E. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. and Green, P. Green, S. Greenler, L. Greenwood, M. Greer, J. and Griffith, C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. Gu, W. Guarino, V Guenette, R. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. and Guthikonda, K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M. M. and Gwon, S. Habig, A. Hackenburg, A. Hadavand, H. Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haigh, J. Haiston, J. Hamernik, T. and Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harder, K. Harris, D. A. Hartnell, J. Hasegawa, T. Hatcher, R. Hazen, E. Heavey, A. and Heeger, K. M. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Hernandez Morquecho, M. and Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hesam, A. S. Hewes, J. and Pichardo, A. Higuera Hill, T. Hillier, S. J. Himmel, A. and Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G. A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. and Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Iliescu, A. M. and Illingworth, R. Ioannisian, A. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. and James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jesus-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jimenez, S. Jipa, A. Joglekar, A. and Johnson, C. Johnson, R. Jones, B. Jones, S. Jung, C. and Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I and Kamiya, F. Karagiorgi, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. and Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S. P. Kashur, L. and Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K. J. Kemp, E. and Ketchum, W. Kettell, S. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. and Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. and Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L. W. Kohn, S. and Koller, P. P. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecky, V Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I Kudenko, Y. and Kudryavtsev, V Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, R. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V Kutter, T. Lambert, A. Lande, K. Lane, C. E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Lasorak, P. Last, D. and Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I LaZur, R. Le, T. Learned, J. LeBrun, P. Miotto, G. Lehmann and Lehnert, R. de Oliveira, M. Leigui Leitner, M. Leyton, M. and Li, L. Li, S. Li, S. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. and Lin, C. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B. R. Liu, J. and Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I Long, K. and Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. LoSecco, J. Louis, W. C. and Luk, K. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V. P. and MacFarland, D. Machado, A. Machado, P. Macias, C. and Macier, J. Maddalena, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. and Maio, A. Maloney, J. A. Mandrioli, G. Maneira, J. C. and Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Plata, M. Manrique Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. and Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marinho, F. Marino, A. D. and Marshak, M. Marshall, C. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. and Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Caicedo, D. A. Martinez and Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. and Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, E. and McConkey, N. McFarland, K. S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. and Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mellinato, M. Mena, O. and Menary, S. Mendez, H. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. and Messier, M. Metcalf, W. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. and Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O. G. and Miryala, S. Mishra, C. Mishra, S. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. and Mohayai, T. A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. A. Bueno, L. Molina and Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montano Zetina, L. M. Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A. Moreno, D. Morgan, B. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C. A. and Mousseau, J. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. and Mufson, S. Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. and Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. and Navas-Nicolas, D. Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. Necib, L. and Negishi, K. Nelson, J. K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. and Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Nichol, R. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. and Nowak, J. A. Oberling, M. Del Campo, A. Olivares Olivier, A. and Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J. M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Pantic, E. Paolone, V Papadimitriou, V and Papaleo, R. Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. and Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. and Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. and Patterson, R. B. Patton, S. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. and Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V Peeters, S. J. Penichot, Y. Pennacchio, E. and Penzo, A. Peres, O. L. Perry, J. Pershey, D. Pessina, G. and Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Piastra, F. and Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Pillow, J. Plunkett, R. and Poling, R. Pons, X. Poonthottathil, N. Pordes, S. and Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, V, B. Pozimski, J. and Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prince, S. Prior, G. and Pugnere, D. Qi, K. Qian, X. Raaf, J. Raboanary, R. and Radeka, V Rademacker, J. Radics, B. Rafique, A. and Raguzin, E. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, M. Rakhno, I and Rakotondramanana, H. Rakotondravohitra, L. Ramachers, Y. and Rameika, R. Ramirez Delgado, M. Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. and Raselli, G. Ratoff, P. Ravat, S. Razafinime, H. Real, J. and Rebel, B. Redondo, D. Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rehak, T. and Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S. D. Renshaw, A. Rescia, S. and Resnati, F. Reynolds, A. Riccobene, G. Rice, L. C. and Rielage, K. Rigaut, Y. Rivera, D. Rochester, L. Roda, M. and Rodrigues, P. Alonso, M. Rodriguez Rondon, J. Rodriguez and Roeth, A. Rogers, H. Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rossella, M. and Rout, J. Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Russell, B. and Russell, J. Ruterbories, D. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. and Safford, T. Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. Sanchez, M. and Sanders, D. A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. and Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I and Savage, G. Savinov, V Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. and Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. and Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. Segreto, E. and Sensenig, J. Seong, I Sergi, A. Sergiampietri, F. and Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. and Sharma, H. R. Sharma, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Shin, S. Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. Simard, L. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, V Sipos, R. Sippach, F. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. and Siyeon, K. Smargianaki, D. Smith, A. Smith, A. Smith, E. and Smith, P. Smolik, J. Smy, M. Snopok, P. Nunes, M. Soares Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. Solano Salinas, C. J. and Soldner-Rembold, S. Solomey, N. Solovov, V Sondheim, W. E. and Sorel, M. Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. Soustruznik, K. and Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. Spitz, J. Spooner, N. J. and Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. Stancari, M. Stanco, L. Steiner, H. Stewart, J. Stillwell, B. Stock, J. Stocker, F. and Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Summers, D. Surdo, A. Susic, V Suter, L. Sutera, C. Svoboda, R. Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A. Talaga, R. and Tanaka, H. Oregui, B. Tapia Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. Teklu, A. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C. A. Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thea, A. Thompson, J. L. and Thorn, C. Timm, S. Tonazzo, A. Torti, M. Tortola, M. and Tortorici, F. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. and Trevor, J. Trzaska, W. H. Tsai, Y. T. Tsamalaidze, Z. and Tsang, K. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. and Tzanov, M. Uchida, M. A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. and Vagins, M. Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G. Valencia, E. and Vallari, Z. Valle, J. W. Vallecorsa, S. Van Berg, R. Van de Water, R. G. Forero, D. Vanegas Varanini, F. Vargas, D. and Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasseur, G. Vaziri, K. Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M. A. Verzocchi, M. de Souza, H. Vieira Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. Viren, B. and Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, V, A. Wallbank, M. and Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. and Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. While, M. R. White, A. Whitehead, L. H. and Whittington, D. Wilking, M. J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. Wilson, F. Wilson, R. J. Wolcott, J. Wongjirad, T. and Wood, K. Wood, L. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yang, G. Yang, T. and Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, J. and Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeller, G. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zimmerman, E. D. Zito, M. and Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V Zwaska, R. DUNE Collaboration
Published: 2020

12. Volume I. Introduction to DUNE

Author: Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M. A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. and Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S. Alonso Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. and Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L. O. and Arroyave, M. A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. and Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J. J. Backhouse, C. and Baesso, P. Bayby, L. Bajou, R. Balasubramanian, S. and Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenhoim, G. Barker, G. and Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Monarca, J. Barranco and Barros, N. Barrow, J. L. Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Bay, F. Alba, J. Bazo Beacom, J. F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. and Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benckos, N. Neves, F. Bento and Berger, J. Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R. M. and Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. and Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. and Biassoni, M. Bierv, K. Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. and Blake, A. Siffert, B. Blanco Blaszczyk, F. Blazey, G. and Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. and Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. and Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Boyd, S. Bovden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. and Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S. J. Brizzolari, C. Bromherg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Buchanan, N. and Budd, H. Caiulo, D. Calaftura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. and Calvez, S. Calvo, E. Camilleri, L. Caminata, A. and Campanelli, M. Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. and Carniti, P. Terrazas, I. Caro Carranza, H. Castillo, A. and Castromonte, C. Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. and Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, A. and Chalifour, M. Chang, C. Chardonnet, E. Chatterjee, A. and Chattopadhyay, S. Chaves, J. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. and Cho, K. Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. and Christodoulou, G. Church, E. Clarke, P. Coan, T. E. and Cocco, A. G. Coelho, J. Conley, E. Conrad, J. Convery, M. Corwin, L. Cotte, P. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. and Crespo-Anadon, J. I. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cuesta, C. and Cui, Y. Cussans, D. Dahrowski, M. Da Motta, H. Da Silva Peres, L. David, Q. Davies, G. S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. and De, K. De Almeida, R. M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I. and Decowski, M. De Gouvea, A. De Holanda, P. C. Astiz, I. L. De Icaza Deistin, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. and Delgado, M. Dell'Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. De Mello Neto, J. R. DeMuth, D. M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G. and De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V. De Vries, J. Dharmapalan, R. and Dias, M. Diaz, F. Diaz, J. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. and Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolinski, M. Domine, L. Douglas, D. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. and Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D. and Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. Escobar, C. Escudero Sanchez, L. Evans, J. J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A. C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. and Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Fernandez-Martinez, E. and Menendez, P. Fernandez Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filkins, A. and Filthaut, F. Fitzpatrick, R. S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. and Flight, R. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. and Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. and Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I. Furmanski, A. P. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V. and Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. and Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Peris, M. A. Gardiner, S. and Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. and Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, L. Girerd, C. Giri, A. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. and Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R. A. Bermeo, L. Gomez and Fajardo, L. S. Gomez Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J. and Goodman, M. C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. and Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gramellini, E. Gran, R. Granados, E. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. and Green, P. Green, S. Greenler, L. Greenwood, M. Greer, J. and Griffith, C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. Gu, W. Guarino, V. Guenette, R. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. and Guthikonda, K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M. M. and Gwon, S. Habig, A. Hackenburg, A. Hadavand, H. Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haigh, J. Haiston, J. Hamernik, T. and Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harder, K. Harris, D. A. Hartnell, J. Hasegawa, T. Hatcher, R. Hazen, E. Heavey, A. and Heeger, K. M. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Morquecho, Vi. Hernandez Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hesam, A. S. Hewes, J. and Pichardo, A. Higuera Hill, T. Hillier, S. J. Himmel, A. and Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G. A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. and Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Iliescu, A. M. and Illingworth, R. Ioannisian, A. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. and James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jesus-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jimenez, S. Jipa, A. Joglekar, A. and Johnson, C. Johnson, R. Jones, B. Jones, S. Jung, C. and Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I. and Kamiya, F. Karagiorgi, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. and Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S. P. Kashur, L. and Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K. J. Kemp, E. and Ketchum, W. Kettell, S. Kliabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. and Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. and Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L. W. Kohn, S. and Koller, P. P. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecky, V. Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I. Kudenko, Y. and Kudryavtsev, V. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, R. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V. Kutter, T. Lamhert, A. Lande, K. Lane, C. E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Lasorak, P. Last, D. and Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I. LaZur, R. Le, T. Learned, J. LeBrun, P. Miotto, G. Lehmann and Lehnert, R. de Oliveira, M. Leigui Leitner, M. Leyton, M. and Li, L. Li, S. Li, S. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. and Lin, C. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B. R. Liu, J. and Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I. Long, K. and Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. LoSecco, J. Louis, W. C. and Luk, K. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V. P. and MacFarland, D. Machado, A. Machado, P. Macias, C. and Macier, J. Maddalena, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. and Maio, A. Maloney, J. A. Mandrioli, G. Maneira, J. C. and Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Plata, M. Manrique Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. and Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marinho, F. Marino, A. D. and Marshak, M. Marshall, C. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. and Martin-Alho, J. Martinez, N. Caicedo, D. A. Martinez and Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Masthaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. and Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, E. and McConkey, N. McFarland, K. S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. and Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mellinato, V. Mena, O. and Mcnary, S. Mendez, H. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. and Messier, V. Metcalf, W. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. and Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O. G. and Miryala, S. Mishra, C. Mishra, S. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I. Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. and Mohayai, T. A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. A. Bueno, L. Molina and Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montano Zetina, L. M. Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A. Moreno, D. Morgan, B. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C. A. and Mousseau, J. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. and Mufson, S. Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. and Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. and Navas-Nicolas, D. Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. Necib, L. and Negishi, K. Nelson, J. K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. and Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Nichol, R. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. and Nowak, J. A. Oberling, M. Del Campo, A. Olivares Olivier, A. and Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J. M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Pantic, E. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, V. Papaleo, R. Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. and Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. and Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. and Patterson, R. B. Patton, S. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. and Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V. Peeters, S. J. Penichot, Y. Pennacchio, E. and Penzo, A. Peres, O. L. Perry, J. Pershey, D. and Pessina, G. Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Piastra, F. and Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Pillows, J. Plunkett, R. and Poling, R. Pons, X. Poonthottathil, N. Pordes, S. and Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, B. V. Pozimski, J. and Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prince, S. 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Warburton, K. Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. Weatherly, P. and Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. Wenman, D. and Wetstein, M. While, M. R. White, A. Whitehead, L. H. and Whittington, D. Wilking, M. J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. and Wilson, F. Wilson, R. J. Wolcott, J. Wongjirad, T. and Wood, K. Wood, L. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. and Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yang, G. Yang, T. and Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, J. and Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeller, G. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zimmerman, E. D. Zito, M. and Zuccilelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zuishi, V. Zwaska, R. DUNE Collaboration
Published: 2020

13. Long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics potential of the DUNE experiment: DUNE Collaboration

Author: Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M.A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S.A. Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M.P. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L.O. Arroyave, M.A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J.J. Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagby, L. Bajou, R. Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G.J. Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Monarca, J.B. Barros, N. Barrow, J.L. Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Bay, F. Alba, J.L.B. Beacom, J.F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Neves, F.B. Berger, J. Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R.M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Siffert, B.B. Blaszczyk, F.D.M. Blazey, G.C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Boyd, S.B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S.J. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. Calvo, E. Camilleri, L. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. Terrazas, I.C. Carranza, H. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Villanueva, A.C. Chalifour, M. Chang, C. Chardonnet, E. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chaves, J. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Cho, K. Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. Church, E. Clarke, P. Coan, T.E. Cocco, A.G. Coelho, J.A.B. Conley, E. Conrad, J.M. Convery, M. Corwin, L. Cotte, P. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadón, J.I. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. Cussans, D. Dabrowski, M. Motta, H. Da Silva Peres, L. David, C. David, Q. Davies, G.S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. De Almeida, R.M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I. Decowski, M.P. de Gouvêa, A. De Holanda, P.C. De Icaza Astiz, I.L. Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. Delgado, M. Dell’Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. de Mello Neto, J.R.T. DeMuth, D.M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G. De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V. De Vries, J.J. Dharmapalan, R. Dias, M. Diaz, F. Díaz, J.S. Domizio, S.D. Giulio, L.D. Ding, P. Noto, L.D. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolinski, M.J. Domine, L. Douglas, D. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D.A. Dyshkant, A.S. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. Escobar, C.O. Sanchez, L.E. Evans, J.J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A.C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Fernandez-Martinez, E. Menendez, P.F. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filkins, A. Filthaut, F. Fitzpatrick, R.S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. Flight, R. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I. Furmanski, A.P. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V. Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. García-Peris, M.Á. Gardiner, S. Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I. Girerd, C. Giri, A.K. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R.A. Bermeo, L.V.G. Fajardo, L.S.G. Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J.A. Goodman, M.C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gramellini, E. Gran, R. Granados, E. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. Green, P. Green, S. Greenler, L. Greenwood, M. Greer, J. Griffith, W.C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. Gu, W. Guarino, V. Guenette, R. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. Guthikonda, K.K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M.M. Gwon, S. Habig, A. Hackenburg, A. Hadavand, H. Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haigh, J. Haiston, J. Hamernik, T. Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harder, K. Harris, D.A. Hartnell, J. Hasegawa, T. Hatcher, R. Hazen, E. Heavey, A. Heeger, K.M. Heise, J. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Morquecho, M.A.H. Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hesam, A.S. Hewes, J. Higuera, A. Hill, T. Hillier, S.J. Himmel, A. Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G.A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Ilic, N. Iliescu, A.M. Illingworth, R. Ioannisian, A. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jesùs-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jiménez, S. Jipa, A. Joglekar, A. Johnson, C. Johnson, R. Jones, B. Jones, S. Jung, C.K. Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I. Kamiya, F. Karagiorgi, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S.P. Kashur, L. Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K.J. Kemp, E. Ketchum, W. Kettell, S.H. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L.W. Kohn, S. Koller, P.P. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecký, V.A. Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I. Kudenko, Y. Kudryavtsev, V.A. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, R. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V. Kutter, T. Lambert, A. Lande, K. Lane, C.E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Lasorak, P. Last, D. Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I. LaZur, R. Le, T. Learned, J. LeBrun, P. Miotto, G.L. Lehnert, R. de Oliveira, M.A.L. Leitner, M. Leyton, M. Li, L. Li, S. Li, S.W. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. Lin, C.S. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B.R. Liu, J. Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I. Long, K. Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. LoSecco, J.M. Louis, W.C. Luk, K.B. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V.P. MacFarland, D. Machado, A.A. Machado, P. Macias, C.T. Macier, J.R. Maddalena, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. Maio, A. Maloney, J.A. Mandrioli, G. Maneira, J. Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Plata, M.M. Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marinho, F. Marino, A.D. Marshak, M. Marshall, C. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Caicedo, D.A.M. Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, E. McConkey, N. McFarland, K.S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mellinato, M. Mena, O. Menary, S. Mendez, H. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. Messier, M.D. Metcalf, W. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O.G. Miryala, S. Mishra, C.S. Mishra, S.R. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I. Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. Mohayai, T.A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. Bueno, L.M. Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Zetina, L.M.M. Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A. Moreno, D. Morgan, B. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C.A. Mousseau, J. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. Mufson, S. Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. Navas-Nicolás, D. Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. Necib, L. Negishi, K. Nelson, J.K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Nichol, R. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Norrick, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. Nowak, J.A. Oberling, M. Campo, A.O.D. Olivier, A. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J.M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Pantic, E. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, V. Papaleo, R. Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. Patterson, R.B. Patton, S.J. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V. Peeters, S.J.M. Penichot, Y. Pennacchio, E. Penzo, A. Peres, O.L.G. Perry, J. Pershey, D. Pessina, G. Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Piastra, F. Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Pillow, J. Pinzino, J. Plunkett, R. Poling, R. Pons, X. Poonthottathil, N. Pordes, S. Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, B.V.K.S. Pozimski, J. Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prince, S. Prior, G. Pugnere, D. Qi, K. Qian, X. Raaf, J.L. Raboanary, R. Radeka, V. Rademacker, J. Radics, B. Rafique, A. Raguzin, E. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, M. Rakhno, I. Rakotondramanana, H.T. Rakotondravohitra, L. Ramachers, Y.A. Rameika, R. Delgado, M.A.R. Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. Raselli, G. Ratoff, P. Ravat, S. Razafinime, H. Real, J.S. Rebel, B. Redondo, D. Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rehak, T. Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S.D. Renshaw, A. Rescia, S. Resnati, F. Reynolds, A. Riccobene, G. Rice, L.C.J. Rielage, K. Rigaut, Y. Rivera, D. Rochester, L. Roda, M. Rodrigues, P. Alonso, M.J.R. Rondon, J.R. Roeth, A.J. Rogers, H. Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rossella, M. Rout, J. Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Russell, B. Russell, J. Ruterbories, D. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. Safford, T. Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. Sanchez, M.C. Sanders, D.A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I. Savage, G. Savinov, V. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. Segreto, E. Sensenig, J. Seong, I. Sergi, A. Sergiampietri, F. Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M.H. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. Sharma, H.R. Sharma, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Shin, S. Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. Simard, L. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, V. Sipos, R. Sippach, F.W. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. Siyeon, K. Smargianaki, D. Smith, A. Smith, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smolik, J. Smy, M. Snopok, P. Nunes, M.S. Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. Salinas, C.J.S. Söldner-Rembold, S. Solomey, N. Solovov, V. Sondheim, W.E. Sorel, M. Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. Soustruznik, K. Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. Spitz, J. Spooner, N.J.C. Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. Stancari, M. Stanco, L. Steiner, H.M. Stewart, J. Stillwell, B. Stock, J. Stocker, F. Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Summers, D. Surdo, A. Susic, V. Suter, L. Sutera, C.M. Svoboda, R. Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A.M. Talaga, R. Tanaka, H.A. Oregui, B.T. Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. Teklu, A.M. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C.A. Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thea, A. Thompson, J.L. Thorn, C. Timm, S.C. Tonazzo, A. Torti, M. Tortola, M. Tortorici, F. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. Trevor, J. Trzaska, W.H. Tsai, Y.T. Tsamalaidze, Z. Tsang, K.V. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. Tzanov, M. Uchida, M.A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. Vagins, M.R. Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G.A. Valencia, E. Vallari, Z. Valle, J.W.F. Vallecorsa, S. Van Berg, R. Van de Water, R.G. Forero, D.V. Varanini, F. Vargas, D. Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasseur, G. Vaziri, K. Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M.A. Verzocchi, M. de Souza, H.V. Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. Viren, B. Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, A.V. Wallbank, M. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. While, M.R. White, A. Whitehead, L.H. Whittington, D. Wilking, M.J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. Wilson, F. Wilson, R.J. Wolcott, J. Wongjirad, T. Wood, K. Wood, L. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yang, G. Yang, T. Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, J. Zaki, R. Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeller, G.P. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zimmerman, E.D. Zito, M. Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V. Zwaska, R.
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: The sensitivity of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to neutrino oscillation is determined, based on a full simulation, reconstruction, and event selection of the far detector and a full simulation and parameterized analysis of the near detector. Detailed uncertainties due to the flux prediction, neutrino interaction model, and detector effects are included. DUNE will resolve the neutrino mass ordering to a precision of 5σ, for all δCP values, after 2 years of running with the nominal detector design and beam configuration. It has the potential to observe charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector to a precision of 3σ (5σ) after an exposure of 5 (10) years, for 50% of all δCP values. It will also make precise measurements of other parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation, and after an exposure of 15 years will achieve a similar sensitivity to sin 22 θ13 to current reactor experiments. © 2020, The Author(s).
Published: 2020

14. Ultrastructural Characterization of Stem Cell-Derived Replacement Vestibular Hair Cells Within Ototoxin-Damaged Rat Utricle Explants

Author: Thomas R. Van De Water, Hans Stenlund, Diana Berggren, and Mimmi Werner
Subjects: Special Issue Articles, 0301 basic medicine, Histology, transdifferentiation, Oto-rino-laryngologi, Biology, behavioral disciplines and activities, Hair Cells, Vestibular, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Utricle, mental disorders, morphology, medicine, Animals, support cell, Inner ear, rat, Rats, Wistar, Saccule and Utricle, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Vestibular Hair Cell, Vestibular system, Tight junction, integumentary system, Stem Cells, Transdifferentiation, Gap junction, utricle, Ototoxicity, Rats, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, plasticity, regeneration, Cell Transdifferentiation, embryonic structures, sense organs, Gentamicins, Anatomy, Stem cell, vestibular hair cell, Special Issue Full Length Articles, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biotechnology
Abstract: The auditory apparatus of the inner ear does not show turnover of sensory hair cells (HCs) in adult mammals; in contrast, there are many observations supporting low‐level turnover of vestibular HCs within the balance organs of mammalian inner ears. This low‐level renewal of vestibular HCs exists during normal conditions and it is further enhanced after trauma‐induced loss of these HCs. The main process for renewal of HCs within mammalian vestibular epithelia is a conversion/transdifferentiation of existing supporting cells (SCs) into replacement HCs.In earlier studies using long‐term organ cultures of postnatal rat macula utriculi, HC loss induced by gentamicin resulted in an initial substantial decline in HC density followed by a significant increase in the proportion of HCs to SCs indicating the production of replacement HCs. In the present study, using the same model of ototoxic damage to study renewal of vestibular HCs, we focus on the ultrastructural characteristics of SCs undergoing transdifferentiation into new HCs. Our objective was to search for morphological signs of SC plasticity during this process. In the utricular epithelia, we observed immature HCs, which appear to be SCs transdifferentiating into HCs. These bridge SCs have unique morphological features characterized by formation of foot processes, basal accumulation of mitochondria, and an increased amount of connections with nearby SCs. No gap junctions were observed on these transitional cells. The tight junction seals were morphologically intact in both control and gentamicin‐exposed explants. Anat Rec, 303:506–515, 2020. © 2019 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Published: 2020

15. Volume III DUNE far detector technical coordination

Author: Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M. A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. and Adinolfi, M. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S. Alonso Alt, C. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. and Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L. O. and Arroyave, M. A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V and Autiero, D. Azfar, F. Back, H. Back, J. J. Backhouse, C. and Baesso, P. Bagby, L. Bajou, R. Balasubramanian, S. and Baldi, P. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G. and Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Barranco Monarca, J. and Barros, N. Barrow, J. L. Bashyal, A. Basque, V Bay, F. Bazo Alba, J. Beacom, J. F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Neves, F. Bento Berger, J. and Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R. M. Berns, H. and Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Bezawada, Y. Bhattacharjee, M. and Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. and Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Siffert, B. Blanco Blaszczyk, F. Blazey, G. Blucher, E. and Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bonesini, M. and Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. and Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Boyd, S. and Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. and Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S. J. and Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. and Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. and Calvo, E. Camilleri, L. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. and Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. and Terrazas, I. Caro Carranza, H. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. and Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. and Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, A. Chalifour, M. and Chang, C. Chardonnet, E. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chaves, J. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Cho, K. and Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. and Church, E. Clarke, P. Coan, T. E. Cocco, A. G. and Coelho, J. Conley, E. Conrad, J. Convery, M. Corwin, L. and Cotte, P. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadon, I, J. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. and Cussans, D. Dabrowski, M. Da Motta, H. Peres, L. Da Silva and David, Q. Davies, G. S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. and De Almeida, R. M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I Decowski, M. and De Gouvea, A. De Holanda, P. C. Astiz, I. L. De Icaza and Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. and Delgado, M. Dell'Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. De Mello Neto, J. R. DeMuth, D. M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G. and De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V De Vries, J. Dharmapalan, R. and Dias, M. Diaz, F. Diaz, J. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. and Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolinski, M. Domine, L. and Douglas, D. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D. and Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emery, S. and Ereditato, A. Escobar, C. Sanchez, L. Escudero Evans, J. J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A. C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. and Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Fernandez-Martinez, E. and Fernandez Menendez, P. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filkins, A. and Filthaut, F. Fitzpatrick, R. S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. and Flight, R. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. and Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. and Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I Furmanski, A. P. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V and Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. and Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Peris, M. A. Gardiner, S. and Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. and Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I Girerd, C. Giri, A. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. and Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R. A. Gomez Bermeo, L. and Gomez Fajardo, L. S. Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J. and Goodman, M. C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. and Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gramellini, E. Gran, R. Granados, E. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. and Green, P. Green, S. Greenler, L. Greenwood, M. Greer, J. and Griffith, C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. Gu, W. Guarino, V Guenette, R. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. and Guthikonda, K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M. M. and Gwon, S. Habig, A. Hackenburg, A. Hadavand, H. Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haigh, J. Haiston, J. Hamernik, T. and Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harder, K. Harris, D. A. Hartnell, J. Hasegawa, T. Hatcher, R. Hazen, E. Heavey, A. and Heeger, K. M. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Hernandez Morquecho, M. and Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hesam, A. S. Hewes, J. and Pichardo, A. Higuera Hill, T. Hillier, S. J. Himmel, A. and Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G. A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. and Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Iliescu, A. M. and Illingworth, R. Ioannisian, A. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. and James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jesus-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jimenez, S. Jipa, A. Joglekar, A. and Johnson, C. Johnson, R. Jones, B. Jones, S. Jung, C. and Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I and Kamiya, F. Karagiorgi, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. and Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S. P. Kashur, L. and Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K. J. Kemp, E. and Ketchum, W. Kettell, S. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. and Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. and Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L. W. Kohn, S. and Koller, P. P. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecky, V Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I Kudenko, Y. and Kudryavtsev, V Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, R. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V Kutter, T. Lambert, A. Lande, K. Lane, C. E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Lasorak, P. Last, D. and Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I LaZur, R. Le, T. Learned, J. LeBrun, P. Miotto, G. Lehmann and Lehnert, R. de Oliveira, M. Leigui Leitner, M. Leyton, M. and Li, L. Li, S. Li, S. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. and Lin, C. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B. R. Liu, J. and Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I Long, K. and Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. LoSecco, J. Louis, W. C. and Luk, K. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V. P. and MacFarland, D. Machado, A. Machado, P. Macias, C. and Macier, J. Maddalena, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. and Maio, A. Maloney, J. A. Mandrioli, G. Maneira, J. C. and Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Plata, M. Manrique Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. and Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marinho, F. Marino, A. D. and Marshak, M. Marshall, C. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. and Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Caicedo, D. A. Martinez and Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. and Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McCluskey, E. and McConkey, N. McFarland, K. S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. and Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mellinato, M. Mena, O. and Menary, S. Mendez, H. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. and Messier, M. Metcalf, W. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. and Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O. G. and Miryala, S. Mishra, C. Mishra, S. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. and Mohayai, T. A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. A. Bueno, L. Molina and Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montano Zetina, L. M. Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A. Moreno, D. Morgan, B. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C. A. and Mousseau, J. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. and Mufson, S. Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. and Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. and Navas-Nicolas, D. Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. Necib, L. and Negishi, K. Nelson, J. K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. and Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Nichol, R. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. and Nowak, J. A. Oberling, M. Del Campo, A. Olivares Olivier, A. and Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J. M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Pantic, E. Paolone, V Papadimitriou, V and Papaleo, R. Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. and Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. and Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. and Patterson, R. B. Patton, S. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. and Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V Peeters, S. J. Penichot, Y. Pennacchio, E. and Penzo, A. Peres, O. L. Perry, J. Pershey, D. Pessina, G. and Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Piastra, F. and Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Pillow, J. Plunkett, R. and Poling, R. Pons, X. Poonthottathil, N. Pordes, S. and Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, V, B. Pozimski, J. and Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prince, S. Prior, G. and Pugnere, D. Qi, K. Qian, X. Raaf, J. Raboanary, R. and Radeka, V Rademacker, J. Radics, B. Rafique, A. and Raguzin, E. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, M. Rakhno, I and Rakotondramanana, H. Rakotondravohitra, L. Ramachers, Y. and Rameika, R. Delgado, M. Ramirez Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. and Raselli, G. Ratoff, P. Ravat, S. Razafinime, H. Real, J. and Rebel, B. Redondo, D. Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rehak, T. and Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S. D. Renshaw, A. Rescia, S. and Resnati, F. Reynolds, A. Riccobene, G. Rice, L. C. and Rielage, K. Rigaut, Y. Rivera, D. Rochester, L. Roda, M. and Rodrigues, P. Alonso, M. Rodriguez Rondon, J. Rodriguez and Roeth, A. Rogers, H. Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rossella, M. and Rout, J. Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Russell, B. and Russell, J. Ruterbories, D. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. and Safford, T. Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. Sanchez, M. and Sanders, D. A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. and Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I and Savage, G. Savinov, V Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. and Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. and Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. Segreto, E. and Sensenig, J. Seong, I Sergi, A. Sergiampietri, F. and Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. and Sharma, H. R. Sharma, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Shin, S. Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. Simard, L. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, V Sipos, R. Sippach, F. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. and Siyeon, K. Smargianaki, D. Smith, A. Smith, A. Smith, E. and Smith, P. Smolik, J. Smy, M. Snopok, P. Nunes, M. Soares Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. Solano Salinas, C. J. and Soldner-Rembold, S. Solomey, N. Solovov, V Sondheim, W. E. and Sorel, M. Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. Soustruznik, K. and Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. Spitz, J. Spooner, N. J. and Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. Stancari, M. Stanco, L. Steiner, H. Stewart, J. Stillwell, B. Stock, J. Stocker, F. and Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Summers, D. Surdo, A. Susic, V Suter, L. Sutera, C. Svoboda, R. Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A. Talaga, R. and Tanaka, H. Oregui, B. Tapia Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. Teklu, A. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C. A. Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thea, A. Thompson, J. L. and Thorn, C. Timm, S. Tonazzo, A. Torti, M. Tortola, M. and Tortorici, F. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. and Trevor, J. Trzaska, W. H. Tsai, Y. T. Tsamalaidze, Z. and Tsang, K. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. and Tzanov, M. Uchida, M. A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. and Vagins, M. Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G. Valencia, E. and Vallari, Z. Valle, J. W. Vallecorsa, S. Van Berg, R. Van de Water, R. G. Forero, D. Vanegas Varanini, F. Vargas, D. and Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasseur, G. Vaziri, K. Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M. A. Verzocchi, M. de Souza, H. Vieira Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. Viren, B. and Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, V, A. Wallbank, M. and Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. and Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. While, M. R. White, A. Whitehead, L. H. and Whittington, D. Wilking, M. J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. Wilson, F. Wilson, R. J. Wolcott, J. Wongjirad, T. and Wood, K. Wood, L. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yang, G. Yang, T. and Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, J. and Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeller, G. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zimmerman, E. D. Zito, M. and Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V Zwaska, R. DUNE Collaboration
Published: 2020

16. A Regenerative Medicine Approach to the Treatment of Hearing, Balance, and Olfactory Disorders: What Is in the Future for Otolaryngology?

Author: Thomas R. Van De Water
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Histology, Genetic enhancement, Bioinformatics, Regenerative Medicine, Regenerative medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Olfaction Disorders, Otolaryngology, 0302 clinical medicine, Genome editing, Medicine, CRISPR, Humans, Progenitor cell, Zebrafish, Hearing Disorders, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, business.industry, Cas9, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Vestibular Diseases, Anatomy, Stem cell, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biotechnology
Abstract: Regenerative medicine is being applied to many fields of medicine and is now starting to be considered and developed for application to treat hearing, balance, olfaction, and voice disorders. This special issue of the Anatomical Record with a series of over 20 papers covers many aspects of gene and stem cell therapies as they are developed for clinical applications in both in vitro and in vivo laboratory studies. These studies cover a wide range of approaches from gene editing in zebrafish with the latest technology (i.e., CRISPR/Cas9) to the isolation of human inner ear progenitor cells, to tracking transplanted human umbilical cord stem cells in mini pigs, to the in vitro building of graft tissues to repair tracheal defects with adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Anat Rec, 303:385-389, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
Published: 2019

17. FRI0529 Preoperative pain seems to modify the effect of radiographic osteoarthiritis severity on postoperative pain and function 1 year after total knee arthroplasty

Author: Herman H Kaptijn, Claudia S. Leichtenberg, M. Gademan, T. P. M. Vliet Vlieland, H. Kroon, R. van de Water, R.G.H.H. Nelissen, R. Onstenk, and S.H.M. Verdegaal
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Preoperative pain, business.industry, Radiography, Postoperative pain, Confounding, Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, medicine.disease, Internal medicine, Orthopedic surgery, medicine, business, Cohort study
Abstract: Background Radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) severity and pain play an important role in the indication for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It is however unkonw whether preoperative self-reported clinical pain modifies the effect of radiographic OA severity on postoperative pain and function in OA patients after TKA. Objectives To investigate whether preoperative self-reported clinical pain modified the effect of radiographic OA severity on postoperative pain and function in OA patients 1 year after TKA. Methods Data from the Longitudinal Leiden Orthopaedics Outcomes of Osteoarthritis Study (LOAS), a multicentre cohort study on outcomes after TKA were used. Radiographic OA severity was assessed with the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) score (0–4). Pain and function were evaluated with the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). After adjustment for confounders (BMI, age, gender and Mental Health Component Scores from the Short Form-12), multivariate linear regression analyses with an interaction term between KL-score and preoperative pain were performed. Results 560 patients were included. Both KL-score and preoperative pain were associated with postoperative pain (β:6.1, 95% CI: 1.7–10.5 and β:0.4, 95% CI 0.1–0.7)) and function (β:8.0, 95% CI: 3.7–12.3 and β 0.5, 95% CI 0.2–0.8). A trend towards effect modification of preoperative pain on the association between KL-score and postoperative pain (β −0.1, 95% CI −0.2–0.0) and function (β −0.1, 95% CI −0.2–0.0) was found indicating that effect of preoperative pain on postoperative pain and function seems to become less important when more severe radiographic severity is present. Conclusions Patients with less preoperative pain and higher KL grades have better function and pain outcomes 12 months after TKA. However preoperative pain seems less importance in patients with more severe radiographic OA. Acknowledgements This study was supported by the Dutch Arthritis Association [grant number LLP13]. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Published: 2018
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18. Isolation and Characterization of Mammalian Otic Progenitor Cells that Can Differentiate into Both Sensory Epithelial and Neuronal Cell Lineages

Author: Thomas R. Van De Water, Takeshi Nishio, Nobuo Kato, Kiichi Hirota, Kei Tashiro, Miyahiko Murata, Juichi Ito, Ken Kojima, Saburo Kawaguchi, Azel Zine, and Akiko T. Nishida
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Homeobox protein NANOG, Cell type, Histology, Biology, Stem cell marker, Nestin, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hair Cells, Auditory, medicine, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Animals, Cell Lineage, Progenitor cell, Rats, Wistar, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, NeuroD, Neurons, Stem Cells, Cell Differentiation, Nanog Homeobox Protein, Embryonic stem cell, Cell biology, Rats, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cell culture, Ear, Inner, Myosin VIIa, sense organs, Hair cell, Anatomy, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biotechnology
Abstract: The mammalian inner ear mediates hearing and balance and during development generates both cochleo-vestibular ganglion neurons and sensory epithelial receptor cells, that is, hair cells and support cells. Cell marking experiments have shown that both hair cells and support cells can originate from a common progenitor. Here, we demonstrate the lineage potential of individual otic epithelial cell clones using three cell lines established by a combination of limiting dilution and gene-marking techniques from an embryonic day 12 (E12) rat otocyst. Cell-type specific marker analyses of these clonal lines under proliferation and differentiation culture conditions demonstrate that during differentiation immature cell markers (Nanog and Nestin) were downregulated and hair cell (Myosin VIIa and Math1), support cell (p27Kip1 and cytokeratin) and neuronal cell (NF-H and NeuroD) markers were upregulated. Our results suggest that the otic epithelium of the E12 mammalian inner ear possess multipotent progenitor cells able to generate cell types of both sensory epithelial and neural cell lineages when cultured under a differentiation culture condition. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of proliferation and differentiation of multipotent otic progenitor cells may provide insights that could contribute to the development of a novel cell therapy with a potential to initiate or stimulate the sensorineural repair of damaged inner ear sensory receptors. Anat Rec, 303:451-460, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
Published: 2018

19. The DUNE Far Detector Interim Design Report Volume 1: Physics, Technology and Strategies

Author: Collaboration, D, Abi, B, Acciarri, R, Acero, M, Adamowski, M, Adams, C, Adams, D, Adamson, P, Adinolfi, M, Ahmad, Z, Albright, C, Aliaga Soplin, L, Alion, T, Alonso Monsalve, S, Alrashed, M, Alt, C, Anderson, J, Anderson, K, Andreopoulos, C, Andrews, M, Andrews, R, Ankowski, A, Anthony, J, Antonello, M, Antonova, M, Antusch, S, Aranda Fernandez, A, Ariga, A, Ariga, T, Aristizabal Sierra, D, Arrieta Diaz, E, Asaadi, J, Ascencio, M, Asner, D, Athar, M, Auger, M, Aurisano, A, Aushev, V, Autiero, D, Azfar, F, Back, A, Back, H, Back, J, Backhouse, C, Baesso, P, Bagby, L, Bai, X, Baird, M, Balantekin, B, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Ballett, P, Balleyguier, L, Bambah, B, Band, H, Bansal, M, Bansal, S, Barenboim, G, Barker, G, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Barranco Monarca, J, Barros, N, Barrow, J, Bashyal, A, Basque, V, Bass, M, Bay, F, Bays, K, Bazo, J, Beacom, J, Bechetoille, E, Behera, B, Bellantoni, L, Bellettini, G, Bellini, V, Beltramello, O, Belver, D, Benekos, N, Benetti, P, Bercellie, A, Berman, E, Bernardini, P, Berner, R, Berns, H, Bernstein, R, Bertolucci, S, Betancourt, M, Bhatnagar, V, Bhattacharjee, M, Bhuyan, B, Biagi, S, Bian, J, Biery, K, Bilki, B, Bishai, M, Bitadze, A, Blackburn, T, Blake, A, Blanco Siffert, B, Blaszczyk, F, Blaufuss, E, Blazey, G, Blennow, M, Blucher, E, Bocean, V, Boffelli, F, Boissevain, J, Bolognesi, S, Bolton, T, Bonesini, M, Boone, T, Booth, A, Booth, C, Bordoni, S, Borkum, A, Boschi, T, Bour, P, Bourguille, B, Boyd, S, Boyden, D, Bracinik, J, Brailsford, D, Brandt, A, Bremer, J, Brice, S, Bromberg, C, Brooijmans, G, Brooke, J, Brown, G, Buchanan, N, Budd, H, de Holanda, P, Cai, T, Caiulo, D, Calafiura, P, Calatayud, A, Calcutt, J, Callahan, C, Calligarich, E, Calvo, E, Camilleri, L, Caminata, A, Campanelli, M, Cancelo, G, Cankocak, K, Cantini, C, Caratelli, D, Carlus, B, Carneiro, M, Caro Terrazas, I, Carroll, T, Carvallo, M, Cascella, M, Castromonte, C, Catano-Mur, E, Cavalli-Sforza, M, Cavanna, F, Cazzato, E, Centro, S, Cerati, G, Cervelli, A, Cervera Villanueva, A, Cervi, T, Chalifour, M, Chappuis, A, Chatterjee, A, Chattopadhyay, S, Chaves, J, Chen, H, Chen, M, Chen, S, Cherdack, D, Chi, C, Childress, S, Cho, K, Choubey, S, Choudhary, B, Christensen, A, Christian, D, Christodoulou, G, Christofferson, C, Church, E, Clarke, P, Coan, T, Cocco, A, Collin, G, Conley, E, Conrad, J, Convery, M, Corey, R, Corwin, L, Cotte, P, Cremonesi, L, Crespo-Anadón, J, Creus Prats, J, Cristaldo, E, Crivelli, P, Cronin-Hennessy, D, Crowley, C, Cuesta, C, Curioni, A, Cussans, D, Dabrowski, M, Dale, D, Da Motta, H, Davenne, T, Davenport, E, Davies, G, Davies, J, Davini, S, Dawson, J, De, K, Decowski, M, Dedin Neto, P, de Icaza Astiz, I, Delbart, A, Delepine, D, Delgado, M, Dell, A, de Mello Neto, J, Demuth, D, Deng, Z, Dennis, S, Densham, C, De Bonis, I, De Gouvêa, A, De Jong, P, De Lurgio, P, De Rijck, S, De Roeck, A, de Vries, J, Dharmapalan, R, Dhingra, N, Diamantopoulou, M, Diaz, F, Díaz, J, Diaz Bautista, G, 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Furmanski, A. M. Gago, H. Gallagher, A. Gallego-Ros, V. Galymov, E. Gamberini, S. Gambetta, T. Gamble, R. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, S. Gao, D. Garcia-Gamez, S. Gardiner, D. Gastler, J. Gehrlein, B. Gelli, A. Gendotti, Z. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, A. Ghosh, D. Gibin, I. Gil-Botella, C. Girerd, A. K. Giri, S. Glavin, D. Goeldi, O. Gogota, M. Gold, S. Gollapinni, K. Gollwitzer, R. A. Gomes, L. Gomez, L. V. Gomez Bermeo, J. J. Gomez Cadenas, H. Gong, F. Gonnella, J. A. Gonzalez-Cuevas, M. Goodman, O. Goodwin, D. Gorbunov, S. Goswami, E. Goudzovski, C. Grace, N. Graf, M. Graham, E. Gramellini, R. Gran, A. Grant, C. Grant, N. Grant, V. Greco, S. Green, H. Greenlee, L. Greenler, M. Greenwood, J. Greer, W. C. Griffith, M. Groh, J. Grudzinski, K. Grzelak, G. Guanghua, E. Guardincerri, V. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, R. Guenette, A. Guglielmi, B. Guo, S. Gupta, V. Gupta, K. K. Guthikonda, R. Gutierrez, P. Guzowski, M. M. Guzzo, A. Habig, R. W. Hackenburg, A. Hackenburg, B. Hackett, H. Hadavand, R. Haenni, A. Hahn, J. Haigh, T. Haines, J. Haiston, T. Hamernik, P. Hamilton, J. Han, T. Handler, S. Hans, D. A. Harris, J. Hartnell, T. Hasegawa, R. Hatcher, A. Hatzikoutelis, S. Hays, E. Hazen, M. Headley, A. Heavey, K. Heegerv, J. Heise, K. Hennessy, S. Henry, A. Hernandez, J. Hernandez-Garcia, K. Herner, J. Hewes, J. Hignight, A. Higuera, T. Hill, S. Hillier, A. Himmel, C. Hohl, A. Holin, E. Hoppe, S. Horikawa, G. Horton-Smith, M. Hostert, A. Hourlier, B. Howard, R. Howell, J. Huang, J. Hugon, P. Hurh, J. Hylen, R. Illingworth, J. Insler, G. Introzzi, A. Ioannisian, A. Izmaylov, D. E. Jaffe, C. James, E. James, C. -H. Jang, F. Jediny, Y. S. Jeong, A. Jhingan, W. Ji, A. Jipa, S. Jiménez, C. Johnson, M. Johnson, R. Johnson, J. Johnstone, B. Jones, S. Jones, J. Joshi, H. Jostlein, C. K. Jung, T. Junk, A. Kaboth, I. Kadenko, F. Kamiya, Y. Kamyshkov, G. Karagiorgi, D. Karasavvas, Y. Karyotakis, S. Kasai, S. Kasetti, K. Kaur, B. Kayser, N. Kazaryan, E. Kearns, P. Keener, E. Kemp, C. Kendziora, W. Ketchum, S. H. Kettell, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, D. Kim, B. Kirby, M. Kirby, J. Klein, Y. -J. Ko, T. Kobilarcik, B. Kocaman, L. W. Koerner, S. Kohn, G. Koizumi, P. Koller, A. Kopylov, M. Kordosky, L. Kormos, T. Kosc, U. Kose, V. A. Kostelecký, K. Kothekar, M. Kramer, F. Krennrich, I. Kreslo, K. Kriesel, W. Kropp, Y. Kudenko, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Kulagin, J. Kumar, L. Kumar, A. Kumar, S. Kumbhare, C. Kuruppu, V. Kus, T. Kutter, R. LaZur, K. Lande, C. Lane, K. Lang, T. Langford, F. Lanni, P. Lasorak, D. Last, C. Lastoria, A. Laundrie, I. Lazanu, T. Le, J. Learned, P. Lebrun, D. Lee, G. Lehmann Miotto, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Q. Li, S. Li, S. W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, H. -Y. Liao, S. -K. Lin, C-J. S. Lin, R. Linehan, V. Linhart, J. Link, Z. Liptak, D. Lissauer, L. Littenberg, B. Littlejohn, J. Liu, T. Liu, L. LoMonaco, J. M. LoSecco, S. Lockwitz, N. Lockyer, T. Loew, M. Lokajicek, K. Long, K. Loo, J. P. Lopez, D. Lorca, T. Lord, M. Losada, W. C. Louis, M. Luethi, K. -B. Luk, T. Lundin, X. Luo, N. Lurkin, T. Lux, V. P. Luzio, J. Lykken, J. Maalampi, R. MacLellan, A. A. Machado, P. Machado, C. T. Macias, J. Macier, P. Madigan, S. Magill, G. Mahler, K. Mahn, M. Malek, J. A. Maloney, F. Mammoliti, S. K. Mandal, G. Mandrioli, L. Manenti, S. Manly, A. Mann, A. Marchionni, W. Marciano, S. Marcocci, D. Marfatia, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, F. Marinho, A. D. Marino, M. Marshak, C. Marshall, J. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, D. Martinez, N. Martinez, H. Martinez, K. Mason, A. Mastbaum, M. Masud, H. Mathez, S. Matsuno, J. Matthews, C. Mauger, N. Mauri, K. Mavrokoridis, R. Mazza, A. Mazzacane, E. Mazzucato, N. McCauley, E. McCluskey, N. McConkey, K. McDonald, K. S. McFarland, C. McGivern, A. McGowan, C. McGrew, R. McKeown, A. McNab, D. McNulty, R. McTaggart, V. Meddage, A. Mefodiev, P. Mehta, D. Mei, O. Mena, S. Menary, H. Mendez, D. P. Mendez, A. Menegolli, G. Meng, M. Messier, W. Metcalf, M. Mewes, H. Meyer, T. Miao, J. Migenda, R. Milincic, J. Miller, W. Miller, J. Mills, C. Milne, O. Mineev, O. Miranda, C. S. Mishra, S. R. Mishra, A. Mislivec, B. Mitrica, D. Mladenov, I. Mocioiu, K. Moffat, N. Moggi, R. Mohanta, N. Mokhov, J. Molina, L. Molina Bueno, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montanari, L. Montano Zetina, J. Moon, M. Mooney, C. Moore, D. Moreno, B. Morgan, G. F. Moroni, C. Morris, W. Morse, C. Mossey, C. A. Moura, J. Mousseau, L. Mualem, M. Muether, S. Mufson, F. Muheim, H. Muramatsu, S. Murphy, J. Musser, J. Nachtman, M. Nalbandyan, R. Nandakumar, D. Naples, S. Narita, G. Navarro, J. Navarro, D. Navas-Nicolás, N. Nayak, M. Nebot-Guinot, M. Needham, K. Negishi, J. Nelson, M. Nessi, D. Newbold, M. Newcomer, R. Nichol, T. C. Nicholls, E. Niner, A. Norman, B. Norris, J. Norris, P. Novella, E. Nowak, J. Nowak, M. S. Nunes, H. O'Keeffe, M. Oberling, A. Olivares Del Campo, A. Olivier, Y. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, T. Ovsjannikova, S. Ozturk, L. Pagani, S. Pakvasa, O. Palamara, J. Paley, M. Pallavicini, C. Palomares, J. Palomino, E. Pantic, A. Paolo, V. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, R. Papaleo, S. Paramesvaran, J. Park, S. Parke, Z. Parsa, S. Pascoli, J. Pasternak, J. Pater, L. Patrizii, R. B. Patterson, S. J. Patton, T. Patzak, A. Paudel, B. Paulos, L. Paulucci, Z. Pavlovic, G. Pawloski, P. Payam, D. Payne, V. Pec, S. J. M. Peeters, E. Pennacchio, A. Penzo, G. N. Perdue, O. l. G. Peres, L. Periale, K. Petridis, G. Petrillo, R. Petti, P. Picchi, L. Pickering, F. Pietropaolo, J. Pillow, P. Plonski, R. Plunkett, R. Poling, X. Pons, N. Poonthottathil, M. Popovic, R. Pordes, S. Pordes, M. Potekhin, R. Potenza, B. Potukuchi, S. Poudel, J. Pozimski, M. Pozzato, T. Prakasj, R. Preece, O. Prokofiev, N. Pruthi, P. Przewlocki, F. Psihas, D. PugnËre, D. Pushka, K. Qi, X. Qian, J. L. Raaf, R. Raboanary, V. Radeka, J. Rademacker, V. Radescu, B. Radics, A. Radovic, A. Rafique, M. Rajaoalisoa, I. Rakhno, H. T. Rakotondramanana, L. Rakotondravohitra, Y. A. Ramachers, R. A. Rameika, M. A. Ramirez Delgado, J. Ramsey, B. J. Ramson, A. Rappoldi, G. L. Raselli, P. Ratoff, S. Ravat, O. Ravinez, H. Razafinime, B. Rebel, D. Redondo, C. Regenfus, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, T. Rehak, J. Reichenbacher, D. Reitzner, M. H. Reno, A. Renshaw, S. Rescia, F. Resnati, A. Reynolds, G. Riccobene, L. C. J. Rice, K. Rielage, K. Riesselmann, Y. -A. Rigaut, D. Rivera, L. Rochester, M. Roda, P. Rodrigues, M. J. Rodriguez Alonso, B. Roe, A. J. Roeth, R. M. Roser, M. Ross-Lonergan, M. Rossella, J. Rout, S. Roy, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, R. Rucinski, B. Russell, J. Russell, D. Ruterbories, M. R. Vagins, R. Saakyan, N. Sahu, P. Sala, G. Salukvadze, N. Samios, F. Sanchez, M. C. Sanchez, C. Sandoval, B. Sands, S. U. Sankar, S. Santana, L. M. Santos, G. Santucci, N. Saoulidou, P. Sapienza, C. Sarasty, I. Sarcevic, G. Savage, A. Scaramelli, A. Scarpelli, T. Schaffer, H. Schellman, P. Schlabach, C. M. Schloesser, D. W. Schmitz, J. Schneps, K. Scholberg, A. Schukraft, E. Segreto, S. Sehrawat, J. Sensenig, I. Seong, J. A. Sepulveda-Quiroz, A. Sergi, F. Sergiampietri, D. Sessumes, K. Sexton, L. Sexton-Kennedy, D. Sgalaberna, M. H. Shaevitz, S. Shafaq, J. S. Shahi, S. Shahsavarani, P. Shanahan, H. R. Sharma, R. Sharma, R. K. Sharma, T. Shaw, S. Shin, I. Shoemaker, D. Shooltz, R. Shrock, N. Simos, J. Sinclair, G. Sinev, V. Singh, J. Singh, I. Singh, R. Sipos, F. W. Sippach, G. Sirri, K. Siyeon, D. Smargianaki, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smith, J. Smolik, M. Smy, E. L. Snider, P. Snopok, J. Sobczyk, H. Sobel, M. Soderberg, C. J. Solano Salinas, S. Söldner-Rembold, N. Solomey, W. Sondheim, M. Sorel, J. A. Soto-Oton, A. Sousa, K. Soustruznik, F. Spagliardi, M. Spanu, J. Spitz, N. J. C. Spooner, R. Staley, M. Stancari, L. Stanco, A. Stefanik, H. M. Steiner, J. Stewart, J. Stock, F. Stocker, S. Stoica, J. Stone, J. Strait, M. Strait, T. Strauss, S. Striganov, A. Stuart, G. Sullivan, M. Sultana, Y. Sun, A. Surdo, V. Susic, L. Suter, C. M. Sutera, R. Svoboda, B. Szczerbinska, A. M. Szelc, N. Tagg, R. Talaga, H. Tanaka, B. Tapia Oregui, S. Tariq, E. Tatar, R. Tayloe, M. Tenti, K. Terao, C. A. Ternes, F. Terranova, G. Testera, A. Thea, L. F. Thompson, J. Thompson, C. Thorn, A. Timilsina, S. C. Timm, J. Todd, A. Tonazzo, T. Tope, D. Torbunov, M. Torti, M. Tórtola, F. Tortorici, M. Toups, C. Touramanis, J. Trevor, M. Tripathi, W. Tromeur, I. Tropin, W. H. Trzaska, Y. -T. Tsai, K. V. Tsang, A. Tsaris, S. Tufanli, C. Tull, J. Turner, M. Tzanov, E. Tziaferi, Y. Uchida, J. Urheim, T. Usher, G. A. Valdiviesso, E. Valencia, L. Valerio, Z. Vallari, J. W. F. Valle, R. Van Berg, R. Van de Water, F. Varanini, G. Varner, J. Vasel, G. Vasseur, K. Vaziri, G. Velev, S. Ventura, A. Verdugo, M. Vermeulen, E. Vernon, M. Verzocchi, T. Viant, C. Vignoli, S. Vihonen, C. Vilela, B. Viren, P. Vokac, T. Vrba, T. Wachala, D. Wahl, M. Wallbank, H. Wang, J. Wang, T. -C. Wang, B. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, K. Warburton, D. Warner, M. O. Wascko, D. Waters, A. Watson, A. Weber, M. Weber, H. Wei, W. Wei, A. Weinstein, D. Wenman, M. Wetstein, M. While, A. White, L. H. Whitehead, D. Whittington, K. Wierman, M. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, J. Willhite, Z. Williams, R. J. Wilson, P. Wilson, P. Wittich, J. Wolcott, T. Wongjirad, K. Wood, L. Wood, E. Worcester, M. Worcester, S. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xu, C. Yanagisawa, S. Yang, T. Yang, G. Yang, J. Ye, M. Yeh, N. Yershov, K. Yonehara, L. Yoshimura, B. Yu, J. Yu, J. Zalesak, L. Zambelli, B. Zamorano, A. Zani, K. Zaremba, L. Zazueta, G. P. Zeller, J. Zennamo, C. Zhang, M. Zhao, Y. -L. Zhou, G. Zhu, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zucchelli, J. Zuklin, V. Zutshi, and R. Zwaska
Abstract: The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE Far Detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable the DUNE experiment to make the ground-breaking discoveries that will help to answer fundamental physics questions. Volume 1 contains an executive summary that describes the general aims of this document. The remainder of this first volume provides a more detailed description of the DUNE physics program that drives the choice of detector technologies. It also includes concise outlines of two overarching systems that have not yet evolved to consortium structures: computing and calibration. Volumes 2 and 3 of this IDR describe, for the single-phase and dual-phase technologies, respectively, each detector module's subsystems, the technical coordination required for its design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure.
Published: 2018

20. Historical Aspects of Inner Ear Anatomy and Biology that Underlie the Design of Hearing and Balance Prosthetic Devices

Author: Thomas R. Van De Water
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, History, Sensory system, Audiology, Biology, History, 21st Century, Prosthesis Implantation, Animal model, Sensory Functions, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Inner ear, Hearing Loss, Auditory Brain Stem Implants, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Balance (ability), Balance disorders, Anatomy, History, 20th Century, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ear, Inner, Vertigo, Hearing impaired, Biotechnology
Abstract: This review presents some of the major historical events that advanced the body of knowledge of the anatomy of the inner ear and its sensory receptors as well as the biology of these receptors that underlies the sensory functions of hearing and balance. This knowledge base of the inner ear's structure/function has been an essential factor for the design and construction of prosthetic devices to aid patients with deficits in their senses of hearing and balance. Prosthetic devices are now available for severely hearing impaired and deaf patients to restore hearing and are known as cochlear implants and auditory brain stem implants. A prosthetic device for patients with balance disorders is being perfected and is in an animal model testing phase with another prosthetic device for controlling intractable dizziness in Meniere's patients currently being evaluated in clinical testing. None of this would have been possible without the pioneering studies and discoveries of the investigators mentioned in this review and with the work of many other talented investigators to numerous to be covered in this review.
Published: 2012
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21. Efficacy of three drugs for protecting against gentamicin-induced hair cell and hearing losses

Author: Jaime Marco, Ly Vu, JM Láinez, T. R. Van De Water, Chhavi Gupta, John Dinh, Esperanza Bas, and F Martinez-Soriano
Subjects: Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, Aminoglycoside, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, Melatonin, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Ototoxicity, Organ of Corti, Apoptosis, Internal medicine, medicine, Hair cell, Dexamethasone, Oxidative stress, medicine.drug
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Exposure to an ototoxic level of an aminoglycoside can result in hearing loss. In this we study investigated the otoprotective efficacy of dexamethasone (DXM), melatonin (MLT) and tacrolimus (TCR) in gentamicin (GM)-treated animals and cultures. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wistar rats were divided into controls (treated with saline); exposed to GM only (GM); and three GM-exposed groups treated with either DXM, MLT or TCR. Auditory function and cochlear surface preparations were studied. In vitro studies of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels, the MAPK pathway and caspase-3 activation were performed in organ of Corti explants from 3-day-old rats. KEY RESULTS DXM, MLT and TCR decreased levels of reactive oxygen species in GM-exposed explants. The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and TNF-receptor type 1 were significantly reduced in GM + DXM and GM + MLT groups. Phospho-p38 MAPK levels decreased in GM + MLT and GM + TCR groups, while JNK phosphorylation was reduced in GM + DXM and GM + MLT groups. Caspase-3 activation decreased in GM + DXM, GM + MLT and GM + TCR groups. These results were consistent with in vivo results. Local treatment of GM-exposed rat cochleae with either DXM, MLT or TCR preserved auditory function and prevented auditory hair cell loss. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In organ of Corti explants, GM increased oxidative stress and initiated an inflammatory response that led to the activation of MAPKs and apoptosis of hair cells. The three compounds tested demonstrated otoprotective properties that could be beneficial in the treatment of ototoxicity-induced hearing loss.
Published: 2012
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22. Contents Vol. 14, 2009

Author: Kimanh D. Nguyen, Andrew Chang, Michael J. McKenna, Jeffrey P. Harris, Luis A. Dellamary, Rachael T. Richardson, Amanda Hu, Sangeeta Maini, Carl Lebel, Halina Lisnichuk, Lloyd B. Minor, Dennis R. Trune, Thomas R. Van De Water, Hayden Eastwood, Erin E. Leary Swan, Anne Harrop, Xiaobo Wang, David Sly, Sarah L. Tao, Jason O. Fiering, Jay Lichter, Charles C. Della Santina, John P. Carey, Alec N. Salt, William F. Sewell, Stefan K. Plontke, Fabrice Piu, Darren Pinder, Sharon G. Kujawa, Elizabeth M. Keithley, Mark M. Mescher, David E. James, Stephen O'Leary, Tim Connolly, Ophir Handzel, J. Beth Kempton, Marcello Peppi, Zhiqiang Chen, Jeffrey T. Borenstein, Maria Holmboe, Gordana Kel, Ernest S. Kim, Qiang Ye, Lorne S. Parnes, Rayne Fernandez, Christine T. Dinh, and Brian R. Murphy
Subjects: Speech and Hearing, medicine.medical_specialty, Otorhinolaryngology, Physiology, Philosophy, medicine, Audiology, Sensory Systems
Published: 2009
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23. Spiral Ganglion Cells and Macrophages Initiate Neuro-inflammation and Scarring Following Cochlear Implantation

Author: Thomas R. Van De Water, Stefania Goncalves, Christine T. Dinh, Esperanza Bas, Adrien A. Eshraghi, Jose Manuel Bas, and Michelle Adams
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Inflammation, lcsh:RC321-571, Extracellular matrix, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, neuro-inflammation, Fibrosis, Cochlear implant, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Medicine, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Spiral ganglion, Cochlea, Original Research, business.industry, Regeneration (biology), Macrophages, cochlear implant, spiral ganglion neurons, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, sense organs, Schwann Cells, medicine.symptom, Wound healing, business, Neuroscience
Abstract: Conservation of a patient’s residual hearing and prevention of fibrous tissue/new bone formation around an electrode array are some of the major challenges in cochlear implant (CI) surgery. Although it is well known that fibrotic tissue formation around the electrode array can interfere with hearing performance in implanted patients, and that associated intracochlear inflammation can initiate loss of residual hearing, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms that promote this response in the cochlea. In vitro studies in neonatal rats and in vivo studies in adult mice were performed to gain insight into the pro-inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases of pathological wound healing that occur in the cochlea following an electrode analogue insertion. Resident Schwann cells, macrophages/microglia, and fibroblasts had a prominent role in the inflammatory process in the cochlea. Leukocytes were recruited to the cochlea following insertion of a nylon filament in adult mice, where contributed to the inflammatory response. The reparative stages in wound healing are characterized by persistent neuro-inflammation of spiral ganglion neurons and expression of regenerative macrophages in the cochlea. Accordingly, genes involved in extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling were up-regulated in implanted cochleae.Maturation of scar tissue occurs in the remodeling phase of wound healing in the cochlea. Similar to other damaged peripheral nerves, M2 macrophages and de-differentiated Schwann cells were observed in damaged cochleae and may play a role in cell survival and axonal regeneration. In conclusion, the insertion of an electrode analogue into the cochlea is associated with robust early and chronic inflammatory responses characterized by recruitment of leukocytes and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that promote intracochlear fibrosis and loss of auditory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons important for hearing after CI surgery.
Published: 2015
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24. Hmx2 and Hmx3 Homeobox Genes Direct Development of the Murine Inner Ear and Hypothalamus and Can Be Functionally Replaced by Drosophila Hmx

Author: Thomas Lufkin, Thomas R. Van De Water, Weidong Wang, and J. Fredrik Grimmer
Subjects: Central Nervous System, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Time Factors, Genotype, Genetic Vectors, Hypothalamus, Apoptosis, Mice, Transgenic, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Biology, Transfection, Models, Biological, Epithelium, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mice, biology.animal, medicine, Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Inner ear, Drosophila (subgenus), Molecular Biology, Homeodomain Proteins, Genetics, Vestibular system, Models, Genetic, Cell growth, Stem Cells, Body Weight, Genes, Homeobox, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Vertebrate, Cell Biology, Embryo, Mammalian, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gene Expression Regulation, Ear, Inner, Mutation, Homeobox, Drosophila, Function (biology), Transcription Factors, Developmental Biology
Abstract: The Hmx homeobox gene family appears to play a conserved role in CNS development in all animal species examined, and in higher vertebrates has an additional role in sensory organ development. Here, we show that murine Hmx2 and Hmx3 have both overlapping and distinct functions in the development of the inner ear's vestibular system, whereas their functions in the hypothalamic/pituitary axis of the CNS appear to be interchangeable. As in analogous knockin studies of Otx and En function, Drosophila Hmx can rescue conserved functions in the murine CNS. However, in contrast to Otx and En, Drosophila Hmx also rescues significant vertebrate-specific functions outside the CNS. Our work suggests that the evolution of the vertebrate inner ear may have involved (1) the redeployment of ancient Hmx activities to regulate the cell proliferation of structural components and (2) the acquisition of additional, vertebrate-specific Hmx activities to regulate the sensory epithelia.
Published: 2004
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25. Substance P protects spiral ganglion neurons from apoptosis via PKC-Ca2+-MAPK/ERK pathways

Author: François Lallemend, Brigitte Malgrange, T. R. Van De Water, Gustave Moonen, Grégory Hans, Jean-Michel Rigo, and Philippe Lefèbvre
Subjects: MAPK/ERK pathway, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Kinase, Biochemistry, Cell biology, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Apoptosis, Internal medicine, Second messenger system, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, biology.protein, LY294002, sense organs, Protein kinase C, Caspase, Spiral ganglion
Abstract: In the current study, we have investigated the ability of substance P (SP) to protect 3-day-old (P3) rat spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) from trophic factor deprivation (TFD)-induced cell death. The presence of SP high affinity neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1) transcripts was detected in the spiral ganglion and the NK1 protein localized to SGNs both ex vivo and in vitro. Treatment with SP increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ in SGNs, further arguing for the presence of functional NK1 on these neurons. Both SP and the agonist [Sar9,Met(O2)11]-SP significantly decreased SGN cell death induced by TFD, with no effect on neurite outgrowth. The survival promoting effect of SP was blocked by the NK1 antagonist, WIN51708. Both pan-caspase inhibitor BOC-D-FMK and SP treatments markedly reduced activation of caspases and DNA fragmentation in trophic factor deprived-neurons. The neuroprotective action of SP was antagonised by specific inhibitors of second messengers, including 1.2-bis-(O-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA-AM) to chelate cytosolic Ca2+, the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors bisindolylmaleimide I, Go6976 and LY333531 and the MAPK/ERK inhibitor U0126. In contrast, nifedipine, a specific inhibitor of l-type Ca2+ channel, and LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, had no effect on SP trophic support of SGNs. Moreover, activation of endogenous PKC by 4β-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) also reduced the loss of trophic factor-deprived SGNs. Thus, NK1 expressed by SGNs transmit a survival-promoting regulatory signal during TFD-induced SGN cell death via pathways involving PKC activation, Ca2+ signalling and MAPK/ERK activation, which can be accounted for by an inhibition of caspase activation.
Published: 2003
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26. Pharmacologic Manipulation of the Labyrinth with Novel and Traditional Agents Delivered to the Inner Ear

Author: Michael D. Seidman and Thomas R. Van De Water
Subjects: Vestibular system, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical pharmacology, business.industry, Hearing loss, Inner Ear Diseases, Protective barrier, law.invention, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, law, Anesthesia, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Middle ear, Medicine, Inner ear, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Intensive care medicine
Abstract: We describe the methodology and rationale behind the delivery of therapeutic medicines to the inner ear. The inner ear has long been impervious to pharmacologic manipulation. This is most likely the result of a protective mechanism called the blood-labyrinth barrier, whose function closely resembles that of the blood-brain barrier. This protective barrier impedes the clinician's ability to treat inner ear diseases with systemically administered medications. Since 1935, otolaryngologists have attempted to manipulate the inner ear with transtympanically injected medicines. Success has varied widely, but medicinal ablation of vestibular function can be achieved in this manner. Unfortunately, the auditory system is also at great risk from any medicine that is delivered to the inner ear via the middle ear. Over the past 10 years, significant improvements in drug delivery have allowed for more “titratable” treatment, which has reduced (but not eliminated) the risk of permanent hearing loss. In this article, we discuss both novel and time-tested methods of delivering medicines to the inner ear. We also review the classes of medications that alter inner ear function and the attendant risks of such treatments.
Published: 2003
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27. Salicylate Protects Hearing and Kidney Function from Cisplatin Toxicity without Compromising its Oncolytic Action

Author: Jochen Schacht, Joseph C. Arezzo, Thomas R. Van De Water, Geming Li, Su Hua Sha, and Elena Zotova
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural, medicine.medical_treatment, Neural Conduction, Antineoplastic Agents, Breast Neoplasms, Kidney Function Tests, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Nephrotoxicity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ototoxicity, Internal medicine, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem, medicine, Animals, Rats, Wistar, neoplasms, Molecular Biology, Blood urea nitrogen, Cisplatin, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Aminoglycoside, Auditory Threshold, Neoplasms, Experimental, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Rats, Inbred F344, Salicylates, Rats, Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer, Endocrinology, chemistry, Toxicity, Female, Kidney Diseases, business, Drug Antagonism, Salicylic acid, medicine.drug
Abstract: Salicylate has recently been demonstrated to protect against the auditory and vestibular side effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Similarities in the toxic mechanisms suggest salicylate as a treatment strategy to prevent the ototoxic side effects of cisplatin (CDDP). We first tested protection of the inner ear in Wistar rats receiving a single infusion of 16 mg CDDP/kg body weight with or without treatment with 100 mg/kg salicylate (bid) for 5 days beginning one day before the CDDP infusion. Cisplatin induced a threshold shift of more than 30 dB (at 14 kHz; measured by auditory evoked brain stem response) that was significantly reduced by salicylate. We then examined the protective potential of salicylate on the cochlea, peripheral nerves, and kidney in a rat model of breast cancer--Fisher344 rats implanted with highly metastatic MTLn3 breast cancer cells. Animals received 3 x 5 mg CDDP/kg (given every third day), and salicylate was administered at 100 mg/kg (bid) from 2 days before to 3 days after CDDP treatment. Salicylate significantly attenuated the CDDP-induced threshold shift from approximately 20 dB (at 16 and 24 kHz) to approximately 5 dB, and drastically reduced the loss of cochlear outer hair cells. Likewise, salicylate protected kidney function (measured as plasma blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels) from CDDP toxicity. Protection of nerve conduction velocities of both sensory and motor nerves was minimal. The chemotherapeutic efficacy of CDDP on suppression of tumor mass and cancer cell metastasis remained unaffected by salicylate. The results suggest that administration of salicylate may become the basis of an effective therapeutic intervention against the ototoxic and nephrotoxic side effects associated with CDDP chemotherapy.
Published: 2002
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28. Hmx2homeobox gene control of murine vestibular morphogenesis

Author: Weidong Wang, Edwin K. Chan, Shira E. Baron, Thomas Lufkin, and Thomas R. Van De Water
Subjects: Heterozygote, Mesoderm, Morphogenesis, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Hyperkinesis, Biology, Mice, Genes, Reporter, Hair Cells, Auditory, medicine, Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Inner ear, Saccule and Utricle, Molecular Biology, Homeodomain Proteins, Vestibular system, Behavior, Animal, Homozygote, Genes, Homeobox, Neural tube, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Epithelial Cells, Anatomy, DLX5, Surface ectoderm, Mice, Mutant Strains, Cell biology, Mutagenesis, Insertional, medicine.anatomical_structure, embryonic structures, Homeobox, Vestibule, Labyrinth, sense organs, Cell Division, Transcription Factors, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Development of the vertebrate inner ear is characterized by a series of genetically programmed events involving induction of surface ectoderm, preliminary morphogenesis, specification and commitment of sensory, nonsensory and neuronal cells, as well as outgrowth and restructuring of the otocyst to form a complex labyrinth. Hmx2, a member of the Hmx homeobox gene family, is coexpressed with Hmx3 in the dorsolateral otic epithelium. Targeted disruption of Hmx2 in mice demonstrates the temporal and spatial involvement of Hmx2 in the embryonic transition of the dorsal portion (pars superior) of the otocyst to a fully developed vestibular system. In Hmx2 null embryos, a perturbation in cell fate determination in the lateral aspect of the otic epithelium results in reduced cell proliferation in epithelial cells, which includes the vestibular sensory patches and semicircular duct fusion plates, as well as in the adjacent mesenchyme. Consequently, enlargement and morphogenesis of the pars superior of the otocyst to form a complex labyrinth of cavities and ducts is blocked, as indicated by the lack of any distinguishable semicircular ducts, persistence of the primordial vestibular diverticula, significant loss in the three cristae and the macula utriculus, and a fused utriculosaccular chamber. The developmental regulators Bmp4, Dlx5 and Pax2 all play a critical role in inner ear ontogeny, and the expression of each of these genes is affected in the Hmx2 null otocyst suggesting a complex regulatory role for Hmx2 in this genetic cascade. Both Hmx2 and Hmx3 transcripts are coexpressed in the developing central nervous system including the neural tube and hypothalamus. A lack of defects in the CNS, coupled with the fact that not all of the Hmx2-positive regions in developing inner ear are impaired in the Hmx2 null mice, suggest that Hmx2 and Hmx3 have both unique and overlapping functions during embryogenesis.
Published: 2001
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29. Adult human nasal mesenchymal-like stem cells restore cochlear spiral ganglion neurons after experimental lesion

Author: Suhrud M. Rajguru, Garrett M. Goss, Vicente Lumbreras, Esperanza Bas, Bradley J. Goldstein, Thomas R. Van De Water, and Joshua M. Hare
Subjects: Adult, Biology, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, Original Research Reports, medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Animals, Humans, Induced pluripotent stem cell, Wnt Signaling Pathway, Spiral ganglion, Stem cell transplantation for articular cartilage repair, Neurons, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell Biology, Hematology, Anatomy, Embryonic stem cell, Cochlea, Nerve Regeneration, Rats, Endothelial stem cell, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ear, Inner, sense organs, Stem cell, Spiral Ganglion, Neuroscience, Developmental Biology, Adult stem cell
Abstract: A loss of sensory hair cells or spiral ganglion neurons from the inner ear causes deafness, affecting millions of people. Currently, there is no effective therapy to repair the inner ear sensory structures in humans. Cochlear implantation can restore input, but only if auditory neurons remain intact. Efforts to develop stem cell-based treatments for deafness have demonstrated progress, most notably utilizing embryonic-derived cells. In an effort to bypass limitations of embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells that may impede the translation to clinical applications, we sought to utilize an alternative cell source. Here, we show that adult human mesenchymal-like stem cells (MSCs) obtained from nasal tissue can repair spiral ganglion loss in experimentally lesioned cochlear cultures from neonatal rats. Stem cells engraft into gentamicin-lesioned organotypic cultures and orchestrate the restoration of the spiral ganglion neuronal population, involving both direct neuronal differentiation and secondary effects on endogenous cells. As a physiologic assay, nasal MSC-derived cells engrafted into lesioned spiral ganglia demonstrate responses to infrared laser stimulus that are consistent with those typical of excitable cells. The addition of a pharmacologic activator of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway concurrent with stem cell treatment promoted robust neuronal differentiation. The availability of an effective adult autologous cell source for inner ear tissue repair should contribute to efforts to translate cell-based strategies to the clinic.
Published: 2013

30. Electrode implantation trauma (EIT) initiates fibrosis by over‐expression of TGF‐β1 and activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in an in vitro model of cochlear implantation

Author: Bradley Goldstein, Chhavi Gupta, Thomas R. Van De Water, and Esperanza Bas Infante
Subjects: Chemistry, Wnt signaling pathway, medicine.disease, Biochemistry, In vitro model, Fibrosis, Catenin, Genetics, Over expression, Cancer research, medicine, Cochlear implantation, Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, Transforming growth factor
Published: 2013
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31. Defective HSV-1 Vector Expressing BDNF in Auditory Ganglia Elicits Neurite Outgrowth: Model for Treatment of Neuron Loss Following Cochlear Degeneration

Author: Christopher J. Hartnick, Michael D. Geschwind, Howard J. Federoff, W. Liu, T. R. Van De Water, and J. Amat
Subjects: Nervous system, Cell type, Neurite, Genetic Vectors, Molecular Sequence Data, Gene Expression, Nerve Tissue Proteins, medicine.disease_cause, Cell Line, Mice, Transduction (genetics), Neurotrophic factors, Culture Techniques, Neurites, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, Simplexvirus, Nerve Growth Factors, RNA, Messenger, Rats, Wistar, Cochlear Nerve, Molecular Biology, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Base Sequence, biology, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Gene Transfer Techniques, Anatomy, Nerve Regeneration, Rats, medicine.anatomical_structure, Herpes simplex virus, nervous system, Nerve Degeneration, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine, Spiral Ganglion, Neuroscience, Neurotrophin
Abstract: The neurotrophins are a family of growth factors that play an important role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family that appears to participate in the maturation and function of mammalian auditory neurons. Forms of deafness due to varied injurious stimuli that are amenable to treatment with implantable prosthetic devices require the survival of these BDNF-responsive auditory neurons for effective outcome. To evaluate the feasibility of developing a gene therapy for deafness that may be used in conjunction with a prosthetic device, we constructed replication-defective herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicon vectors that carry the human BDNF cDNA. Using these vectors, HSVbdnf and HSVbdnflac (expresses BDNF and Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase), we evaluated the expression and biological activity in established cell lines and explant cultures prepared from spiral ganglia of the murine ear. Gene transfer with HSVbdnf resulted in the efficient expression of human BDNF mRNA in murine fibroblasts. Using two BDNF-responsive cell lines, PC12trkB and MG87trkB, we demonstrate efficient secretion of biologically active BDNF. Finally, transduction of explanted spiral ganglia with HSVbdnflac elicited robust neuritic process outgrowth comparable to exogenously added BDNF. Overall, these data demonstrate that HSV vectors can efficiently transfer and express the BDNF gene in many cell types, including auditory neurons. Moreover, they suggest that similar vectors may be used to express the neurotrophin in auditory neurons in vivo and perhaps as adjunctive gene therapy for deafness.
Published: 1996
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32. Comparison of Packing Material in Middle Ear Mucosal Trauma

Author: Thomas R. Van De Water, Ralph Abi Hachem, Isabel Bueno, Simon I. Angeli, and Enrique Perez
Subjects: Absorbable gelatin sponge, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, H&E stain, Staining, medicine.anatomical_structure, Auditory brainstem response, Otorhinolaryngology, Middle ear surgery, Ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Middle ear, Medicine, Surgery, sense organs, business
Abstract: Objective: To compare absorbable gelatin sponge (AGS) with polyurethane foam (PUF) as middle ear packing material after mucosal trauma.Method: Controlled animal experiment. Thirty-six guinea pigs underwent middle ear surgery with mucosal trauma performed on both ears. One ear was packed with either PUF or AGS. Contralateral ears were used as nonpacked paired controls. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds were measured preoperatively and repeated at 1, 2, and 6 weeks postoperatively. Histological analysis was done by a pathologist blinded to the type of packing using hematoxylin and eosin staining to measure inflammatory reaction and trichome staining to measure fibrosis in each group.Results: ABR recordings demonstrates that threshold level changes from baseline were minor in the PUF and the control groups. Threshold levels were higher in the AGS group compared with both control groups and the PUF group for the 1 KHz and 0.5 KHz frequencies. Macoscopic analysis showed no tympanic membrane perforat...
Published: 2012
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33. Bax siRNA Protects against TNFα‐Induced Hair Cell Loss

Author: Thomas R. Van De Water, Esperanza Bas, John N. Dinh, Chhavi Gupta, Christine T. Dinh, and Ly Vu
Subjects: Messenger RNA, Small interfering RNA, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Immunofluorescence, In vitro, law.invention, Andrology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, Confocal microscopy, law, Organ of Corti, medicine, Surgery, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Hair cell, business
Abstract: Objective: 1) Understand the role of Bain tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced auditory hair cell (HC) death in rat organ of Corti (OC) explants in vitro 2. Determine the effectiveness of short interfering RNA that targets Bax mRNA (Bax siRNA) against TNFα-induced HC loss.Method: OC explants dissected from 3-day-old rats were cultured in control media, TNFα, TNFα+BasiRNA, or Bax siRNA for 0, 48, and 96 hours in vitro. Real-time PCR, ELISA, HC viability studies, immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopy were performed. ANOVA with post hoc testing was used with P value set
Published: 2012
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34. Conservation of hearing and protection of hair cells in cochlear implant patients' with residual hearing

Author: Christine T. Dinh, Thomas R. Van De Water, Marek Polak, Carolyn Garnham, and Esperanza Bas
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, Hearing loss, medicine.medical_treatment, Sensory system, Audiology, Cochlear implant, Hair Cells, Auditory, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Cochlear implantation, Cell Death Signaling, Hearing Loss, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cochlea, business.industry, Cochlear Implantation, medicine.anatomical_structure, sense organs, Hair cell, Anatomy, medicine.symptom, business, Biotechnology
Abstract: This review covers the molecular mechanisms involved in hair cell and hearing losses which can result from trauma generated during the process of cochlear implantation and the contributions of both the intrinsic and extrinsic cell death signaling pathways in producing these trauma/inflammation induced losses. Application of soft surgical techniques to conserve hearing and protect auditory sensory cells during the process of cochlear implantation surgery and insertion of the electrode array during the process of cochlear implantation are reviewed and discussed. The role of drug therapy and mode of drug delivery for the conservation of a cochlear implant patient's residual hearing is presented and discussed.
Published: 2012

35. A novel organ of corti explant model for the study of cochlear implantation trauma

Author: Thomas R. Van De Water, Esperanza Bas, and Chhavi Gupta
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Inflammation, Apoptosis, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Dexamethasone, Fibrosis, Hair Cells, Auditory, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Rats, Wistar, Hearing Loss, Organ of Corti, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Round window, business.industry, Caspase 3, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, medicine.disease, Cochlear Implantation, Cochlea, Electrodes, Implanted, Rats, CTGF, Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, Animals, Newborn, Cytokines, Hair cell, Anatomy, medicine.symptom, Inflammation Mediators, Wound healing, business, Reactive Oxygen Species, Biotechnology, medicine.drug
Abstract: This study presents a novel in vitro model of electrode insertion trauma-induced hair cell (HC) damage and loss and its application for testing the efficacy of otoprotective drugs. In the cochlear implant (CI) procedure as a treatment for profound deafness, an electrode array is surgically inserted to provide electrical stimulation to the auditory nerve. Mechanical trauma from insertion of a CI electrode into the scala tympani can lead to inflammation and a high level of oxidative stress, which can initiate the apoptosis of auditory HCs and intracochlear fibrosis. HC apoptosis and intracochlear fibrosis are thought to be causes of poor CI functional outcomes. In order to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms that initiate HC apoptosis and scala tympani fibrosis following electrode insertion trauma (EIT), and the otoprotective effects of dexamethasone (DXM) observed in previous studies, an in vitro model of EIT was designed. Here we present and characterize a novel, reproducible in vitro model for the study of cellular and molecular events that occur following an EIT procedure. Cochleae from 3-day-old rats were subjected to a cochleostomy and were then divided into three groups: (1) control, (2) EIT, and (3) EIT + DXM (20 μg/mL). In Groups 2 and 3, a 0.28-mm diameter monofilament fishing line was introduced through the small cochleostomy located next to the round window area, allowing for an insertion of between 110° and 150°. HC counts, gene expression for pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNFα and IL-1β), pro-inflammatory inducible enzymes (i.e., iNOS and COX-2) and growth factors (i.e., TGFβ1, TGFβ3 and CTGF), oxidative stress (i.e., CellROX), and analyses of apoptosis pathways (i.e., caspase-3, apoptosis induced factor and Endonuclease G) were carried out on all explants at different time points. The results of this EIT in vitro model show the initiation of wound healing in which an inflammatory response is followed by a proliferative-fibrosis phase. Moreover, DXM treatment of EIT explants inhibited the inflammatory response and promoted a nonscarring wound healing process. The novel in vitro model described here will improve our understanding of mechanisms underlying CI insertion trauma and protective strategies such as DXM treatment. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published: 2012

36. Novel in vitro model for cochlear electrode induced mechanical trauma studies

Author: Chhavi Gupta, Ly Vu, Thomas R. Van De Water, Fred F. Telischi, Isabel Bueno, Esperanza Bas, Craig Bollig, Christine T. Dinh, and John Dinh
Subjects: Materials science, Electrode, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Biomedical engineering, In vitro model
Published: 2012
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37. Efficacy of three drugs for protecting against gentamicin-induced hair cell and hearing losses

Author: E, Bas, T R, Van De Water, C, Gupta, J, Dinh, L, Vu, F, Martínez-Soriano, J M, Láinez, and J, Marco
Subjects: Male, Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I, Superoxide Dismutase, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-1beta, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Catalase, Nitric Oxide, Protective Agents, Research Papers, Dexamethasone, Tacrolimus, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Rats, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Gentamicins, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Rats, Wistar, Hearing Loss, Organ of Corti, Melatonin
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Exposure to an ototoxic level of an aminoglycoside can result in hearing loss. In this we study investigated the otoprotective efficacy of dexamethasone (DXM), melatonin (MLT) and tacrolimus (TCR) in gentamicin (GM)-treated animals and cultures. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wistar rats were divided into controls (treated with saline); exposed to GM only (GM); and three GM-exposed groups treated with either DXM, MLT or TCR. Auditory function and cochlear surface preparations were studied. In vitro studies of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels, the MAPK pathway and caspase-3 activation were performed in organ of Corti explants from 3-day-old rats. KEY RESULTS DXM, MLT and TCR decreased levels of reactive oxygen species in GM-exposed explants. The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and TNF-receptor type 1 were significantly reduced in GM + DXM and GM + MLT groups. Phospho-p38 MAPK levels decreased in GM + MLT and GM + TCR groups, while JNK phosphorylation was reduced in GM + DXM and GM + MLT groups. Caspase-3 activation decreased in GM + DXM, GM + MLT and GM + TCR groups. These results were consistent with in vivo results. Local treatment of GM-exposed rat cochleae with either DXM, MLT or TCR preserved auditory function and prevented auditory hair cell loss. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In organ of Corti explants, GM increased oxidative stress and initiated an inflammatory response that led to the activation of MAPKs and apoptosis of hair cells. The three compounds tested demonstrated otoprotective properties that could be beneficial in the treatment of ototoxicity-induced hearing loss.
Published: 2012

38. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Ototoxicity Is Associated with Upregulation of Smac/Diablo Gene Expression in Rat Organ of Corti Explants

Author: Denise Yan, Xuezhong Liu, Thomas R. Van De Water, Ly Vu, John Dinh, and Christine T. Dinh
Subjects: Programmed cell death, Biology, In vitro, Andrology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, Downregulation and upregulation, Organ of Corti, Apoptosis, Gene expression, Immunology, medicine, Surgery, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Hair cell
Abstract: Objective: 1) Review the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) in programmed cell death of auditory hair cells (AHCs) in organ of Corti (OC) explants in vitro. 2) Understand effects of TNFa on Smac/Diablo gene expression in TNFa-induced apoptosis of OC explants in vitro.Method: OC explants were dissected from 3-day-old rat pups and cultured in (1) no treatment – control and (2) TNFa (2ug/mL) for 96 hours in vitro for hair cell count studies and 24 and 48 hours in vitro for gene expression studies for GAPDH and Smac/Diablo genes.Results: There are statistically significant decreases in the numbers of viable inner and outer hair cells in TNFa-treated OC explants, when compared with the control group. Gene expression of pro-apoptotic Smac/Diablo is significantly increased at 48 hours in vitro (but not at 24 hours), when compared with controls. On-going studies are evaluating the expression of Smac/Diablo gene at 72 and 96 hours in vitro.Conclusion: The role of Smac/Diablo gene expression has not previou...
Published: 2011
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39. Measurement of neutrino-induced charged-current charged pion production cross sections on mineral oil atEν∼1 GeV

Author: A. A. Aguilar-Arevalo, C. E. Anderson, A. O. Bazarko, S. J. Brice, B. C. Brown, L. Bugel, J. Cao, L. Coney, J. M. Conrad, D. C. Cox, A. Curioni, R. Dharmapalan, Z. Djurcic, D. A. Finley, B. T. Fleming, R. Ford, F. G. Garcia, G. T. Garvey, J. Grange, C. Green, J. A. Green, T. L. Hart, E. Hawker, R. Imlay, R. A. Johnson, G. Karagiorgi, P. Kasper, T. Katori, T. Kobilarcik, I. Kourbanis, S. Koutsoliotas, E. M. Laird, S. K. Linden, J. M. Link, Y. Liu, W. C. Louis, K. B. M. Mahn, W. Marsh, C. Mauger, V. T. McGary, G. McGregor, W. Metcalf, P. D. Meyers, F. Mills, G. B. Mills, J. Monroe, C. D. Moore, J. Mousseau, R. H. Nelson, P. Nienaber, J. A. Nowak, B. Osmanov, S. Ouedraogo, R. B. Patterson, Z. Pavlovic, D. Perevalov, C. C. Polly, E. Prebys, J. L. Raaf, H. Ray, B. P. Roe, A. D. Russell, V. Sandberg, R. Schirato, D. Schmitz, M. H. Shaevitz, F. C. Shoemaker, D. Smith, M. Soderberg, M. Sorel, P. Spentzouris, J. Spitz, I. Stancu, R. J. Stefanski, M. Sung, H. A. Tanaka, R. Tayloe, M. Tzanov, R. Van de Water, M. O. Wascko, D. H. White, M. J. Wilking, H. J. Yang, G. P. Zeller, and E. D. Zimmerman
Subjects: MiniBooNE, Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Pion, Meson, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Energy source, Charged current, Lepton
Abstract: Using a high-statistics, high-purity sample of {nu}{sub {mu}-}induced charged current, charged pion events in mineral oil (CH{sub 2}), MiniBooNE reports a collection of interaction cross sections for this process. This includes measurements of the CC{pi}{sup +} cross section as a function of neutrino energy, as well as flux-averaged single- and double-differential cross sections of the energy and direction of both the final-state muon and pion. In addition, each of the single-differential cross sections are extracted as a function of neutrino energy to decouple the shape of the MiniBooNE energy spectrum from the results. In many cases, these cross sections are the first time such quantities have been measured on a nuclear target and in the 1 GeV energy range.
Published: 2011
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40. Retinoic Acid Stimulates Regeneration of Mammalian Auditory Hair Cells

Author: Hinrich Staecker, Philippe Lefebvre, T. R. Van De Water, Gustave Moonen, and Brigitte Malgrange
Subjects: Retinoic acid, Tretinoin, Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Organ Culture Techniques, Hair Cells, Auditory, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Animals, Regeneration, Inner ear, Organ of Corti, Cochlea, Multidisciplinary, integumentary system, Regeneration (biology), Cytarabine, Neomycin, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Rats, Cell biology, Microscopy, Electron, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Sensorineural hearing loss, sense organs, Hair cell, Auditory Physiology
Abstract: Sensorineural hearing loss resulting from the loss of auditory hair cells is thought to be irreversible in mammals. This study provides evidence that retinoic acid can stimulate the regeneration in vitro of mammalian auditory hair cells in ototoxic-poisoned organ of Corti explants in the rat. In contrast, treatment with retinoic acid does not stimulate the formation of extra hair cells in control cultures of Corti's organ. Retinoic acid-stimulated hair cell regeneration can be blocked by cytosine arabinoside, which suggests that a period of mitosis is required for the regeneration of auditory hair cells in this system. These results provide hope for a recovery of hearing function in mammals after auditory hair cell damage.
Published: 1993
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41. Polymer‐eluted Dexamethasone Protects Hearing and Hair Cells Against Trauma‐induced Loss

Author: Simon I. Angeli, Thomas R. Van De Water, Adrien A. Eshraghi, Ralph Abi Hachem, Thomas J. Balkany, and Jorge Bohorquez
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, medicine.medical_specialty, Chemistry, Elution, Polymer, Audiology, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Molecular Biology, Dexamethasone, Biotechnology, medicine.drug
Published: 2010
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42. Measurement of the Ratio of theνμCharged-Current Single-Pion Production to Quasielastic Scattering with a 0.8 GeV Neutrino Beam on Mineral Oil

Author: A. A. Aguilar-Arevalo, C. E. Anderson, A. O. Bazarko, S. J. Brice, B. C. Brown, L. Bugel, J. Cao, L. Coney, J. M. Conrad, D. C. Cox, A. Curioni, Z. Djurcic, D. A. Finley, B. T. Fleming, R. Ford, F. G. Garcia, G. T. Garvey, C. Green, J. A. Green, T. L. Hart, E. Hawker, R. Imlay, R. A. Johnson, G. Karagiorgi, P. Kasper, T. Katori, T. Kobilarcik, I. Kourbanis, S. Koutsoliotas, E. M. Laird, S. K. Linden, J. M. Link, Y. Liu, W. C. Louis, K. B. M. Mahn, W. Marsh, V. T. McGary, G. McGregor, W. Metcalf, P. D. Meyers, F. Mills, G. B. Mills, J. Monroe, C. D. Moore, R. H. Nelson, P. Nienaber, J. A. Nowak, B. Osmanov, S. Ouedraogo, R. B. Patterson, D. Perevalov, C. C. Polly, E. Prebys, J. L. Raaf, H. Ray, B. P. Roe, A. D. Russell, V. Sandberg, R. Schirato, D. Schmitz, M. H. Shaevitz, F. C. Shoemaker, D. Smith, M. Soderberg, M. Sorel, P. Spentzouris, J. Spitz, I. Stancu, R. J. Stefanski, M. Sung, H. A. Tanaka, R. Tayloe, M. Tzanov, R. Van de Water, M. O. Wascko, D. H. White, M. J. Wilking, H. J. Yang, G. P. Zeller, and E. D. Zimmerman
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, MiniBooNE, Particle physics, Muon, Pion, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Energy source, Charged current, Lepton
Abstract: Charged current single pion production (CC{pi}{sup +}) and charged current quasi-elastic scattering (CCQE) are the most abundant interaction types for neutrinos at energies around 1 GeV, a region of great interest to oscillation experiments. The cross-sections for these processes, however, are not well understood in this energy range. This dissertation presents a measurement of the ratio of CC{pi}{sup +} to CCQE cross-sections for muon neutrinos on mineral oil (CH{sub 2}) in the MiniBooNE experiment. The measurement is presented here both with and without corrections for hadronic re-interactions in the target nucleus and is given as a function of neutrino energy in the range 0.4 GeV < E{sub {nu}} < 2.4 GeV. With more than 46,000 CC{pi}{sup +} events collected in MiniBooNE, and with a fractional uncertainty of roughly 11% in the region of highest statistics, this measurement represents a dramatic improvement in statistics and precision over previous CC{pi}{sup +} and CCQE measurements.
Published: 2009
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43. Cochlear stem/progenitor cells from a postnatal cochlea respond to Jagged1 and demonstrate that notch signaling promotes sphere formation and sensory potential

Author: Thomas R. Van De Water, Julien Santo, Jean Charles Sabourin, Alain Uziel, Jean-Philippe Hugnot, Azel Zine, Christian Chabbert, Etienne Savary, Physiopathologie et thérapie des déficits sensoriels et moteurs, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-IFR76-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de recherche en biothérapie (IRB), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Miami Ear Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM)-University of Miami [Coral Gables], Service ORL, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier], and Hamel, Christian
Subjects: MESH: Signal Transduction, Embryology, MESH: Calcium-Binding Proteins, MESH: Recombinant Proteins, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Myosin, MESH: Cochlea, Serrate-Jagged Proteins, MESH: Animals, Cells, Cultured, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Receptors, Notch, Stem Cells, Cell Differentiation, Recombinant Proteins, Cochlea, Cell biology, Endothelial stem cell, medicine.anatomical_structure, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Hair cell, MESH: Membrane Proteins, Signal Transduction, Adult stem cell, MESH: Cells, Cultured, MESH: Cell Differentiation, Population, Notch signaling pathway, MESH: Stem Cells, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Animals, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Progenitor cell, education, MESH: Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Membrane Proteins, Immunology, sense organs, MESH: Receptors, Notch, Jagged-1 Protein, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; Hair cells and supporting cells of the mammalian cochlea terminally differentiate during development. Recent in vitro evidence suggests the presence of hair cell progenitors in the postnatal cochlea. Phenotypic properties of these cells and factors that promote their ability to generate spheres in aggregate cultures have not been reported. We define an in vitro system that allows stem/progenitor cells harvested from the early postnatal cochlea to develop into spheres. These spheres contain Abcg2, Jagged1 and Notch1 positive progenitor cells that can divide and generate new hair cell-like cells, i.e. immunopositive for specific hair cell markers, including Myosin VI, Myosin VIIa, Math1 and ability to uptake FM1-43. We demonstrate that reducing Notch signaling with a gamma secretase inhibitor decreases the number of spheres generated following treatment of the stem/progenitor cell cultures. Additionally, activation of Notch by an exogenous soluble form of a Notch ligand, i.e. Jagged1 protein, promotes sphere formation and the sensory potential of cochlear stem/progenitor cells. Our findings suggest that Notch1/Jagged1 signaling plays a role in maintaining a population of Abcg2 sensory stem/progenitor cells in the postnatal cochlea.
Published: 2008
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44. Measurement of Muon Neutrino Quasi-Elastic Scattering on Carbon

Author: A. A. Aguilar-Arevalo, A. O. Bazarko, S. J. Brice, B. C. Brown, L. Bugel, J. Cao, L. Coney, J. M. Conrad, D. C. Cox, A. Curioni, Z. Djurcic, D. A. Finley, B. T. Fleming, R. Ford, F. G. Garcia, G. T. Garvey, C. Green, J. A. Green, T. L. Hart, E. Hawker, R. Imlay, R. A. Johnson, P. Kasper, T. Katori, T. Kobilarcik, I. Kourbanis, S. Koutsoliotas, E. M. Laird, J. M. Link, Y. Liu, W. C. Louis, K. B. M. Mahn, W. Marsh, P. S. Martin, G. McGregor, W. Metcalf, P. D. Meyers, F. Mills, G. B. Mills, J. Monroe, C. D. Moore, R. H. Nelson, P. Nienaber, S. Ouedraogo, R. B. Patterson, D. Perevalov, C. C. Polly, E. Prebys, J. L. Raaf, H. Ray, B. P. Roe, A. D. Russell, V. Sandberg, R. Schirato, D. Schmitz, M. H. Shaevitz, F. C. Shoemaker, D. Smith, M. Sorel, P. Spentzouris, I. Stancu, R. J. Stefanski, M. Sung, H. A. Tanaka, R. Tayloe, M. Tzanov, R. Van de Water, M. O. Wascko, D. H. White, M. J. Wilking, H. J. Yang, G. P. Zeller, and E. D. Zimmerman
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, MiniBooNE, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Muon neutrino, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermilab, Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nucleon, Neutrino oscillation, Nuclear Experiment, Charged current, Lepton
Abstract: The observation of neutrino oscillations is clear evidence for physics beyond the standard model. To make precise measurements of this phenomenon, neutrino oscillation experiments, including MiniBooNE, require an accurate description of neutrino charged current quasi-elastic (CCQE) cross sections to predict signal samples. Using a high-statistics sample of muon neutrino CCQE events, MiniBooNE finds that a simple Fermi gas model, with appropriate adjustments, accurately characterizes the CCQE events observed in a carbon-based detector. The extracted parameters include an effective axial mass, M_A^eff = 1.23+/-0.20 GeV, that describes the four-momentum dependence of the axial-vector form factor of the nucleon; and a Pauli-suppression parameter, kappa = 1.019+/-0.011. Such a modified Fermi gas model may also be used by future accelerator-based experiments measuring neutrino oscillations on nuclear targets., 5 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2007

45. Distinct population of hair cell progenitors can be isolated from the postnatal mouse cochlea using side population analysis

Author: Jean-Philippe Hugnot, Thomas R. Van De Water, Etienne Savary, Cécile Travo, Azel Zine, Christophe Duperray, Yolaine Chassigneux, Physiopathologie et thérapie des déficits sensoriels et moteurs, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-IFR76-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de recherche en biothérapie (IRB), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Miami Ear Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM), Duperray, Christophe, and Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Cellular differentiation, Cell Separation, MESH: Animals, Newborn, Nestin, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Intermediate Filament Proteins, MESH: Cochlea, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2, Tissue Distribution, MESH: Animals, Cells, Cultured, MESH: Bromodeoxyuridine, 0303 health sciences, Stem Cells, RNA-Binding Proteins, Cell Differentiation, Cell biology, Cochlea, Endothelial stem cell, Neuroepithelial cell, Phenotype, Myosin VIIa, MESH: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Molecular Medicine, Stem cell, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27, Adult stem cell, MESH: Cells, Cultured, MESH: Cell Differentiation, MESH: Gene Expression, Nerve Tissue Proteins, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, Myosins, MESH: Cell Separation, 03 medical and health sciences, Side population, Neurosphere, MESH: Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27, MESH: Cell Proliferation, Hair Cells, Auditory, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Progenitor cell, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Cell Proliferation, Labyrinth Supporting Cells, MESH: Biological Markers, Dyneins, Cell Biology, MESH: Dynein ATPase, Animals, Newborn, Bromodeoxyuridine, Gene Expression Regulation, Immunology, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, sense organs, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers, Developmental Biology
Abstract: In mammals, the permanence of hearing loss is due mostly to the incapacity of the cochlea to replace lost mechano-receptor cells (i.e., hair cells [HCs]). The generation of new HCs from a renewable source of progenitors is a principal requirement for developing a cell therapy within this sensory organ. A subset of stem cells, termed side population (SP), has been identified in several tissues of mammals. The ATP-binding cassette transporter Abcg2/Bcrp1 contributes to the specification of the SP phenotype and is proposed as a universal marker for stem/progenitor cells. A defining character of these SP cells is a high efflux capacity for Hoechst dye. Here, we demonstrate that Abcg2 transporter is expressed with two other stem/progenitor cell markers (i.e., Nestin and Musashi1) in distinct and overlapping domains of the supporting cells within the postnatal cochlea. We have developed and describe a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) technique that enables the purification of a discrete subpopulation of SP-supporting cells from the early postnatal mouse cochlea based on their ability to exclude Hoechst dye. These FACS-isolated cells can divide and express markers of stem/progenitor cells such as Abcg2, a determinant of the SP phenotype, and Musashi1, a neural stem/progenitor cell marker. These markers can differentiate cells expressing markers of HCs and supporting cells in vitro. Our observation that these SP cells are capable of differentiating into HC-like cells implies a possible use for such cells (i.e., the replacement of lost auditory HCs within damaged cochlea).
Published: 2007
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46. Cochlear implantation trauma and noise-induced hearing loss: Apoptosis and therapeutic strategies

Author: Thomas R. Van De Water and Adrien A. Eshraghi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Programmed cell death, Necrosis, Hearing loss, medicine.medical_treatment, Apoptosis, Hypothermia, Audiology, Cochlear implant, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Organ of Corti, Cochlea, business.industry, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, medicine.disease, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Cochlear Implantation, Electrophysiology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, sense organs, Anatomy, medicine.symptom, business, Peptides, Neuroscience, Noise-induced hearing loss
Abstract: Cochlear implantation trauma and noise-induced hearing loss both involve a physical disruption of the organ of Corti and may involve several mechanisms of cell death at the molecular level, i.e., necrosis, necrosis-like programmed cell death (PCD; type 2 PCD), and apoptosis (type 1 PCD). This article reviews several promising therapeutic strategies that are currently being developed. One of these promising new strategies involves the use of a highly effective peptide inhibitor of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase cell death signal cascade (i.e., D-JNKI-1) to prevent apoptosis of injured auditory hair cells. Our recent studies showed prevention of cochlear implantation-induced hearing loss by infusing this peptide into the cochlea of guinea pigs. Another otoprotective therapy under investigation is the application of mild hypothermia to protect the cochlea from the development of a hearing loss that follows exposure to a physical trauma, e.g., electrode array insertional trauma. These forward-looking strategies have the potential of improving hearing outcomes after cochlear implantation and providing novel means of otoprotection from noise-induced trauma.
Published: 2006

47. Caspase inhibitors, but not c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitor treatment, prevent cisplatin-induced hearing loss

Author: Jing Wang, Philippe Brabet, Rémy Pujol, Sabine Ladrech, Jean-Luc Puel, and Thomas R. Van De Water
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Cancer Research, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Guinea Pigs, Antineoplastic Agents, Apoptosis, Pharmacology, Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors, Bcl-2-associated X protein, Ototoxicity, Hair Cells, Auditory, medicine, Animals, Hearing Loss, neoplasms, Caspase, bcl-2-Associated X Protein, Cisplatin, biology, Microfilament Proteins, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Cytochromes c, medicine.disease, Caspase Inhibitors, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Mitochondria, Isoenzymes, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Mitogen-activated protein kinase, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Hair cell, Signal transduction, Carrier Proteins, medicine.drug
Abstract: Cisplatin (CDDP) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent but with significant ototoxic side effects. Apoptosis is an important mechanism of cochlear hair cell loss following exposure to an ototoxic level of CDDP. This study examines intracellular pathways involved in hair cell death induced by CDDP exposure in vivo to develop effective therapeutic strategies to protect the auditory receptor from CDDP-initiated hearing loss. Guinea pigs were treated with systemic administration of CDDP. Cochlear hair cells from CDDP-treated animals exhibited classic apoptotic alterations in their morphology. Several important signaling events that regulate the death of CDDP-injured cochlear hair cells were identified. CDDP treatment induced the activation and redistribution of cytosolic Bax and the release of cytochrome c from injured mitochondria. Activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, but not caspase-8, was detected after treatment with CDDP, and the cleavage of fodrin by activated caspase-3 was observed within damaged hair cells. Intracochlear perfusions with caspase-3 inhibitor (z-DEVD-fmk) and caspase-9 inhibitor (z-LEHD-fmk) prevent hearing loss and loss of sensory cells, but caspase-8 inhibitor (z-IETD-fmk) and cathepsin B inhibitor (z-FA-fmk) do not. Although the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is activated in response to CDDP toxicity, intracochlear perfusion of d-JNKI-1, a JNK inhibitor, did not protect against CDDP ototoxicity but instead potentiated the ototoxic effects of CDDP. The results of the present study show that blocking a critical step in apoptosis may be a useful strategy to prevent harmful side effects of CDDP ototoxicity in patients having to undergo chemotherapy.
Published: 2004

48. Caspases, the enemy within, and their role in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of inner ear sensory cells

Author: François Lallemend, Philippe Lefèbvre, Marek Polak, Th.J. Balkany, Jiao He, Brigitte Malgrange, T. R. Van De Water, Jose F. Guzman, Hinrich Staecker, Syed Ahsan, and Adrien A. Eshraghi
Subjects: Adult, Programmed cell death, Aging, Cell, Apoptosis, Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors, medicine.disease_cause, Mice, Hair Cells, Auditory, Medicine, Animals, Humans, Inner ear, Receptor, Caspase, Gene knockout, Mice, Knockout, biology, business.industry, Caspase Inhibitors, Sensory Systems, Cell biology, Mitochondria, Enzyme Activation, Oxidative Stress, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, Caspases, biology.protein, sense organs, Neurology (clinical), business, Gerbillinae, Oxidative stress
Abstract: This review covers the general roles of members of the cysteine protease family of caspases in the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) looking at their participation in both the "extrinsic" cell death receptor and the "intrinsic" mitochondrial cell death pathways. It defines the difference between initiator and effector caspases and shows the progression of caspase activations that ends up in the apoptotic cell death and elimination of a damaged cell. The review then presents what is currently know about the participation of caspases in the programmed cell death of inner ear sensory cells during the process of normal development and maturation of the inner ear and their importance in this process as illustrated by the results of caspase-3 gene knockout experiments. The participation of specific caspases and the sequence of their activation in the elimination (apoptosis) of damaged sensory cells from adult inner ears after an injury that generates oxidative stress are reviewed. Both the possibility and the potential efficacy of caspase inhibition with a broad-spectrum pancaspase inhibitor as an interventional therapy to treat and rescue oxidative stress-damaged inner ear sensory cells from apoptosis are presented and discussed.
Published: 2004

49. Response : Regeneration and Mammalian Auditory Hair Cells

Author: Thomas R. Van De Water, Hinrich Staecker, Phillipe Lefebvre, Brigitte Malgrange, and Gustave Moonen
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Regeneration (biology), Biology, Cell biology
Published: 1995
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50. A peptide inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase protects against both aminoglycoside and acoustic trauma-induced auditory hair cell death and hearing loss

Author: T. R. Van De Water, C. Bonny, Jing Wang, Jean-Luc Puel, F. De Ribaupierre, and Azel Zine
Subjects: MAPK/ERK pathway, Hearing loss, Guinea Pigs, Development/Plasticity/Repair, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Biology, In Vitro Techniques, Ligands, Mice, Ototoxicity, Hair Cells, Auditory, medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Animals, Enzyme Inhibitors, Hearing Loss, Organ of Corti, Cochlea, Cells, Cultured, Cell Death, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, General Neuroscience, Drug Administration Routes, Hearing Tests, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Cell biology, Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, Aminoglycosides, Neuroprotective Agents, Acoustic Stimulation, Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced, Hair cell, sense organs, medicine.symptom, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Peptides, Auditory fatigue, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Noise-induced hearing loss, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Hearing loss can be caused by a variety of insults, including acoustic trauma and exposure to ototoxins, that principally effect the viability of sensory hair cells via the MAP kinase (MAPK) cell death signaling pathway that incorporates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).We evaluated the otoprotective efficacy of D-JNKI-1, a cell permeable peptide that blocks the MAPK–JNK signal pathway. The experimental studies included organ cultures of neonatal mouse cochlea exposed to an ototoxic drug and cochleae of adult guinea pigs that were exposed to either an ototoxic drug or acoustic trauma. Results obtained from the organ of Corti explants demonstrated that the MAPK–JNK signal pathway is associated with injury and that blocking of this signal pathway prevented apoptosis in areas of aminoglycoside damage. Treatment of the neomycin-exposed organ of Corti explants with D-JNKI-1 completely prevented hair cell death initiated by this ototoxin. Results fromin vivostudies showed that direct application of D-JNKI-1 into the scala tympani of the guinea pig cochlea prevented nearly all hair cell death and permanent hearing loss induced by neomycin ototoxicity. Local delivery of D-JNKI-1 also prevented acoustic trauma-induced permanent hearing loss in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that the MAPK–JNK signal pathway is involved in both ototoxicity and acoustic trauma-induced hair cell loss and permanent hearing loss. Blocking this signal pathway with D-JNKI-1 is of potential therapeutic value for long-term protection of both the morphological integrity and physiological function of the organ of Corti during times of oxidative stress.
Published: 2003

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