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The construction of high rockfill dams on deep overburden in seismically active regions poses significant challenges. Currently, there are no standardized guidelines for defining the computational domain range in seismic analysis, necessitating the establishment of a universally applicable computational domain range that optimizes the balance between computational accuracy and efficiency. This has critical engineering implications for the seismic analysis of rockfill dams on deep overburden. This study employed the seismic wave input method to consider the dynamic interaction between the dam, overburden, and infinite domain. A systematic investigation was conducted on a concrete-faced rockfill dam (CFRD) constructed on deep overburden, considering the influences of overburden thickness, dam height, overburden properties, soil layer configuration, ground motion intensity, and the frequency content of the seismic waves. The acceleration response and seismic deformation of the dam were analyzed. Subsequently, the computational domain range corresponding to various levels of acceptable engineering precision was established. The results indicated that the lateral boundary length should extend a minimum distance equal to the sum of 3 times the overburden depth and 1.2 times the maximum dam height. Additionally, the depth below the overburden–bedrock interface should extend at least 1.2 times the maximum dam height. This study provides a crucial foundation for determining the optimal computational domain range in the seismic analysis of rockfill dams constructed on deep overburden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]