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Diversity of fruit color in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) has been attributed to the presence of either anthocyanin or carotenoid. We profiled the anthocyanin and carotenoid metabolites to investigate the most different pigments and the underlying regulatory mechanisms of differential expression genes (DEGs) between red and yellow fruits of sweet cherry. Profiled the two cultivars,‘Jiangnanhong’(JNH, red fruits) and‘Chaoyang’(CY, yellow fruits) anthocyanin and carotenoid metabolites by LC-MS/MS and transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq to test the difference of gene expression and metabolic substances between the two varieties. Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside was the most different pigment between two cultivars, the content of which in red fruit was significantly higher than yellow one during the whole ripening stage (stage 3 and stage 4). Total carotenoid content in the two color types of fruits were close, but the content in yellow fruit showed more stable after harvest. Based on the transcriptome data, the heatmap of selected structural DEGs showed that all of the anthocyanin genes expressed significantly higher levels in red fruits than that in yellow fruits. Two unigenes encoding chalcone synthase (CHS) and UDP glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) expressed 1134.58 and 1151.24 times higher in red than in yellow fruits at stage 4, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that anthocyanin genes in JNH were negatively correlated with that in CY, contrastly, there were some strong correlations were observed between two cultivars in carotenoid genes. Thus, the coloration of sweet cherry was mainly attributed to anthocyanin-related genes.

Rhododendron is a world-famous ornamental flower with an abundance of genetic resources for producing different flower color varieties through breeding. However, the lack of genetic knowledge involved mechanisms behind the flower color formation have hindered the breeding process. In this study, a cross was made between the female pink Rhododendron pulchurum 'WanXia' and the male white 'Rhododendron hybridum Hot'. A total of 61 hybrid progenies with four different flower colors including white, pink, rose and red were produced and analyzed to identify the inheritance pattern of flower color as well as their genetic diversity in the whole group. The results of the combined qualitative and quantitative trait analysis disclosed that the germplasm resources in the hybrid progeny plants were genetically enriched, which can provide an excellent germplasm for screening and breeding new Rhododendron varieties. The anthocyanin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) contents of hybrid progeny petals were measured using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The total anthocyanin (TA) contents were calculated by first developing a linear equation (y=36.52x-59.18, R2=0.998) with anthocyanin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) specimens. The results revealed that TA was positively and significantly correlated with the color parameter a* values as the flower color of the hybrid progeny was gradually deepened from white to red. The value of parameter L* was gradually decreased, while a*, C* and TA contents were gradually increased. L* displayed to be both significantly and negatively correlated with a*, C*and TA contents. From the trait characteristics of each progeny plants, it was observed that No.52 Pink azalea has the highest pedicel length and petal number, while No.37 Red 2 azalea has the highest corolla lobe length, corolla lobe width and TA content. Our findings indicate that it may be feasible to breed Rhododendron varieties with new flower colors based on width and TA content. In conclusion, our outcomes propose that there is probability to produce Rhododendron varieties with new flower colors by crossing and screening hybrid progenies.

Underwater communication is extremely challenging for small underwater robots which typically have stringent power and size constraints. In our previous work, we developed an artificial electrocommunication system which could be an alternative for the communication of small underwater robots. This paper further presents a new electrocommunication system that utilizes Binary Frequency Shift Keying (2FSK) modulation and deep-learning-based demodulation for underwater robots. We first derive an underwater electrocommunication model that covers both the near-field area and a large transition area outside of the near-field area. 2FSK modulation is adopted to improve the anti-interference ability of the electric signal. A deep learning algorithm is used to demodulate the electric signal by the receiver. Simulations and experiments show that with the same testing condition, the new communication system outperforms the previous system in both the communication distance and the data transmitting rate. In specific, the newly developed communication system achieves stable communication within the distance of 10 m at a data transfer rate of 5 Kbps with a power consumption of less than 0.1 W. The substantial increase in communication distance further improves the possibility of electrocommunication in underwater robotics., IROS2020

Exposure of phthalate has adverse effects on child health. Currently, the field measurement on PAEs concentration in children’s bedrooms were limited, and the test of PAEs is laborious. Based on the data of home detection in 454 residences from March 2013 to December 2014 in Shanghai, the association of PAEs in children's bedroom and building characteristics, residents’ lifestyle and indoor environment characterization were built by Spearman correlation. According to the Spearman correlation coefficient method, the concentration of PAEs, such as residential area was significantly correlated with DMP, BBP and DiBP in children’s bedroom (sig 0), and the use of chemicals was significantly associated with DEP and DiBP in children’s bedroom (sig 0). Then a gradient-boosting decision tree model with higher prediction accuracy is established. The influencing factors of the studied PAEs were determined by comprehensive consideration of the current study and literature review. 11 influencing factors of PAEs concentrations from three aspects were finally established in this study. The training model of GBDT has a reasonable accuracy( R2>0.9). This paper provides a reference for the prediction of PAEs concentration in the residential bedroom and the influence degree of influencing factors.

The objective of this study is to research the genetic diversity of the ‘ Zuijinxiang ’ grape and its mutant breeding F1 plants, we screened the excellent mutant plants with potential breeding value. 50 mutated single plants obtained from 137Cs-γ irradiated ‘Zuijinxiang’ grape seeds were used as research objects, and SCoT molecular marker technology was used for genetic diversity and variation analysis, and clustering research was carried out. The results showed that: (1) 36 SCoT primers produced abundant polymorphisms, and the amplification results showed obvious bright bands, and the amplification efficiency and polymorphism rate were 100%. (2) A total of 221 bands were amplified by 36 primers, of which 175 were rich in polymorphism, the average polymorphic percentage was 80.3%, and the average genetic similarity coefficient was 0.916. (3) The number of observed alleles (Na) ranged from 4 to 8, with an average of 6.1389; the number of effective alleles (Ne) ranged from 1.2772 to 5.6322 with an average of 3.5968; the desired heterozygosity (He) The range is from 0.2192 to 0.8344, the average is 0.6965; the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranges from 0.1656 to 0.7808 with an average of 0.3035; the Nei’s gene diversity index (H) ranges from 0.2170 to 0.8224 with an average of 0.6863; Shannon-Wiener The index (I) ranges from 0.5186 to 1.8597 with an average of 1.4517. (4) UPGMA clustering of 51 materials showed that the test materials could be divided into three groups when the genetic distance was 0.856. The experiment shows that the genetic diversity of the ‘Zuijinxiang’ radiation variation germplasm resources is rich. In addition, SCoT molecular marker technology can distinguish the materials with close genetic distance, and can be used for early identification techniques of grape mutant materials. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of excellent mutant germplasm of ‘Zuijinxiang’ grapes. RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a diversidade genética da uva ‘Zuijinxiang’ e de suas plantas F1 reprodutoras mutantes. Foram selecionadas as melhores plantas mutantes com potencial e valor genético. Utilizaram-se como objeto de pesquisa 50 plantas individuais mutantes obtidas de sementes de uva irradiadas com 137Cs-γ ‘Zuijinxiang’, e a tecnologia de marcadores moleculares SCoT para análise de diversidade genética e variação, e foi realizada uma pesquisa de agrupamento. Os resultados mostraram que: (1) 36 iniciadores de SCoT produziram polimorfismos abundantes, e os resultados de amplificação mostraram bandas claras óbvias, e a eficiência de amplificação e taxa de polimorfismo foram de 100%. (2) Um total de 221 bandas foi amplificado por 36 iniciadores, dos quais 175 eram ricos em polimorfismo, a porcentagem polimórfica média foi de 80,3% e o coeficiente médio de similaridade genética foi de 0,916. (3) O número de alelos observados (Na) variou de 4 a 8, com uma média de 6,1389; o número de alelos efetivos (Ne) variou de 1,2772 a 5,6322 com uma média de 3,5968; a heterozigosidade desejada (He), o intervalo é de 0,2192 a 0,8344, a média é de 0,6965; a heterozigosidade observada (Ho) varia de 0,1656 a 0,7808 com uma média de 0,3035; o índice de diversidade genética (H) de Nei varia de 0,2170 a 0,8224 com uma média de 0,6863; Shannon-Wiener o índice (I) varia de 0,5186 a 1,8597 com uma média de 1,4517. (4) O agrupamento de 51 materiais da UPGMA mostrou que os materiais de teste poderiam ser divididos em três grupos quando a distância genética era de 0,856. O experimento mostra que a diversidade genética dos recursos de germoplasma de variação de radiação “Zuijinxiang” é rica. Além disso, a tecnologia de marcadores moleculares da SCoT pode distinguir os materiais com uma distância genética próxima, e pode ser usada para técnicas de identificação precoce de materiais mutantes da uva. Este estudo fornece uma base teórica para o desenvolvimento de germoplasma mutante excelente de uvas “Zuijinxiang”.

Gardeniae Fructus (GF) and carbonized GF (GFC) have been shown to exert a gastrointestinal protective effect, and are frequently used in clinical practice for the treatment of haemorrhage and brown stool. In this study, we employed a combination of pharmacological methods and metabolomics in a rat model of ethanol-induced acute stomach ulcer to investigate the gastroprotective effect of GF and GFC water extracts and the potential mechanism involved in this process. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the plasma of rats were determined. The results showed that both GF and GFC reduced the ethanol-induced gastric lesions, and expression of NO and IL-6 in these rats. Of note, 16 and 11 feature metabolites were filtered and identified in the GF and GFC groups, respectively. Both GF and GFC act by restoring the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine, and the metabolism of glycerophospholipids. Moreover, histological evaluation revealed that heat processing of GF to create GFC enhanced the gastric mucosa protective effect. Furthermore, heat processing converted the main pathway from alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, associated with GF, to histidine metabolism, associated with GFC. GF and GFC ameliorated gastric mucosa lesions in rats via reductions in NO production and inflammatory cytokine secretion, and the induction of prostaglandin E2.

This paper introduces the structure and principle of capacitive voltage transformer, the overheating caused by the failure of the electromagnetic unit on 220kV capacitive voltage transformer in operation is analyzed, it is based on infrared detection technology, combined with the method of power outage diagnostic test for joint fault diagnosis, the diagnostic results are accurate and reliable, some suggestions on field detection and fault diagnosis of capacitive voltage transformer are put forward.

Surface flashover characteristic of epoxy resin composite material in SF6/CF4 mix gas were studied through experimental method, and the influence of several key parameters were analyzed, such as gas pressure, SF6 mix ratio and voltage polarity. It is shown that, when the mix ratio of SF6 in the mixed gas is 40%, the flashover voltage of epoxy resin insulator can reach over 60% of the flashover voltage in SF6 with the same pressure. The synergistic effects in the needle-plate electrodes system have significant difference between positive and negative polarity. The synergistic effect for negative polarity is weaker than that in negative polarity. Comprehensive environmental requirements and surface flashover characteristics, the results provide a potential SF6 alternative for GIS equipment.

The validity of the transformer area’s file in the Power information acquisition system is very important, the man-made way is time-consuming, and the cost of relying on the equipment is high. In order to provide efficient, convenient and economical identification technology of the transformer area archives, this paper proposes a low voltage topology recognition method based on differential Lasso, which can complete automatic topology recognition only by using the power consumption information of the transformer area. First of all, the statistical model of Lasso is established for the data of electricity consumption. According to the characteristics of the meter in the meter box belonging to the same area, the differential Lasso model is further constructed. The regression coefficient based on the differential lasso can be calculated for each transformer area in turn by polling, and select the meter according to the threshold. The method of this paper is used to analyze the field collected electricity data. The results of topology recognition show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Gardeniae Fructus (GF) and carbonized GF (GFC) have been shown to exert a gastrointestinal protective effect and are frequently used in clinical practice for the treatment of hemorrhage and brown stool. In this study, we employed a combination of pharmacological methods and metabolomics in a rat model of ethanol-induced acute stomach ulcer to investigate the gastroprotective effect of GF and GFC water extracts and the potential mechanism involved in this process. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the plasma of rats were determined. The results showed that both GF and GFC reduced the ethanol-induced gastric lesions and expression of NO and IL-6 in these rats. Of note, 16 and 11 feature metabolites were filtered and identified in the GF and GFC groups, respectively. Both GF and GFC act by restoring the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine, and the metabolism of glycerophospholipids. Moreover, histological evaluation revealed that heat processing of GF to create GFC enhanced the gastric mucosa protective effect. Furthermore, heat processing converted the main pathway from alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, associated with GF, to histidine metabolism, associated with GFC. GF and GFC ameliorated gastric mucosa lesions in rats via reductions in NO production and inflammatory cytokine secretion, and the induction of prostaglandin E2.

Table S1. Primers used for vector construct. Table S2. Primers for qRT-PCR analysis. (DOCX 15 kb)

Gardeniae Fructus (GF), prepared GF (GFP), and carbonized GF (GFC) are widely used in China for the treatment of fever. However, the involved antipyretic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, rectal temperature and pyrogenic cytokines were used to evaluate the antipyretic effect of raw and processed GF in rats with dry-yeast-induced pyrexia. Reverse phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to acquire the metabolomics profile of GF, GFP, and GFC in rats with pyrexia. The results showed that the rectal temperature of rats treated with GF, GFP, and GFC was suppressed after 6 h (P < 0.05), compared with that observed in pyrexia model rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the expression of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 were suppressed by GF, GFP, and GFC. Moreover, GFC suppressed the expression of interleukin 6 significantly (P < 0.01). Of note, 11, 15, and 25 feature metabolites were identified in the GF, GFP, and GFC groups. Pathway analysis showed that GF mainly regulated the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine. Notably, GFP was involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, while GFC was linked to glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism. These results suggested that GF, GFP, and GFC maintained their antipyretic effect despite heat processing. However, heat processing altered endogenous feature metabolites and certain pathways of GF, GFP, and GFC in rats with yeast-induced pyrexia to exert an antipyretic effect.

A highly efficient transition-metal-free cyclization reaction for the synthesis of 2,3-diarylimidazo[1,2-α]pyridines is described. A variety of substituted 2-aminopyridines and alkynoates are compatible under the standard conditions. This protocol is marked by the cleavage of a C–C bond and the formation of a new Csp2–Csp2 bond under transition-metal-free conditions.

Transformer DC resistance test is one of the routine test in the transformer core project, but the test efficiency is generally low.The paper ,through the analysis of transient process of large DC resistance measurement of transformer coil, core hysteresis phenomenon and the influence of residual magnetism on the measurement process.Improve the working principle, a method of fast measurement, large transformer DC resistance does not increase ,in other devices,characteristics of combination of YNd11 connection of three-phase transformer testing instrument and physical characteristics of the proposes. Field test proves that this method effectively utilizes the remanence, can get the main transformer winding DC resistance test results quickly and accurately. Introduction Transformer is the core equipment of electric power system in the substation, in order to ensure the safe and reliable operation, related test in the transformer factory, after installation,in operation, before and after overhaul should.At the same time, the measured data of vertical and horizontal analysis, in order to make the correct judgment on the health status of equipment. Winding DC resistance test can check out the contact wire and the casing state, he location of each contact state of the tap switch.Whether the actual position match to the position of the tap switch.the quality of welding joint of the winding wire, welding quality wire and winding, winding used wire specification compliance with design requirements, multi strand and around whether strand broken, whether there is inter turn short cake, lead wire fault and other fault conditions[1-3]. Winding DC resistance test and compared with other tests is more time-consuming, such as the 220kV main transformer routine tests of DC resistance test time ,accounted for the total test time of 1/3. With the progress of science and technology, the improvement of the instrument, measuring the operation more simple, measured by time shortening. But some problems also appeared in the use of the process. For example, the limited conditions , relay can not pull in the power supply low voltage , liquid crystal LCD of very low temperatures is not displayed or garbled, occasionally,the buzzer ringing of instrument discharge time is no stopping etc. It is the cause of the instrument itself, or external conditions. There are also some situation is reason of user aspects, such as sometimes in the trial process, long charging time, digital disorder etc.. In order to solve this problem, this paper analyzes some problems in practical use[4, 5]. Analysis of transient process of transformer DC resistance test Transformer winding in the pass into the DC current, its equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 1.It is a first order circuit. A power supply voltage of US, inductance L, winding resistance is R, because the initial conditions for the io-=0, the circuit response to a first-order zero state response. Differential equation of electric circuit: US=Ldi/dt+iR Solution i=US/R∙(1-e), τ=L/R Charge current speed which achieve the steady state I = US / R depends on the time constant τ. The general circuit is switched on after 5 τ ,current has reached steady state value of 99.3%

At the main transformer for Helping on the 1st pre-test and found that the 1st variant of 66kV side of the A-phase winding DC resistance is too large, and the phase imbalance difference of 7.21%. On all aspects of the test wiring, testing and other parts were examined and treated, the test data did not change, the maintenance personnel to open 66kVA transformer phase "General cap" and found four phase winding A first end of the conductive rod (wiring board) connection some bolts loose, re-tighten again retest DC resistance test data qualified.

This paper based on the 220kV ACCC wire part of Liao Yuan line composite insulator for insulating properties, mechanical properties and material performance testing, a comprehensive assessment of the effect of high temperature on the properties, define physical stability and reliability, composite insulator in determining long-term operation under high temperature wire provide guidance and recommendations for the application of composite insulator in ACCC on the conductor.

Through the analysis of lightning to the harmfulness of the power transmission line, puts forward the specific measures to prevent lightning accidents, improving insulation, installing controllable discharge lightning rod, reducing the tower grounding resistance, adding coupling ground wire and the proper use of send arrester electrical circuit transmission line. And take on the unit measures nearly were compared, statistics and analysis.

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is often a fatal disease where after strong induction therapy most patients relapse and die. AML originates and is maintained by leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Failure to eliminate LSCs by chemotherapy is likely to result in disease relapse. Therefore, it is a priority to identify new therapies that eliminate blasts while ablating LSCs and preventing a relapse. We have found that a unique class of compounds in cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarponAit.), known as A-type proanthocyanidins (A-PACs), were effective against several leukemia cell lines and primary AML samples in vitro. A-PACs consist of monomeric epicatechin units attached to one another by a carbon-carbon bond and a distinctive ether bond that differentiates these compounds from other proanthocyanidins found in nature. Moreover, A-PACs possess ortho-hydroxyl phenolic groups that have the potential to bind to iron and alter redox status. Preliminary work showed that pre-treatment with antioxidants or holo-transferrin (iron-saturated transferrin) partially protected AML cells from A-PAC induced cell death (p Primary AML cells were injected in sub-lethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice. Four weeks after injections, when human leukemia cells have engrafted, intraperitoneal injections of cytarabine (AraC) at 60 mg/kg were given to the mice for 1 week everyday or A-PACs (100 mg/kg dose every 3 days for A-PACs) and vehicle control (1% DMSO in PBS every 3 days) were injected for 2.5 weeks. Mice were sacrificed and leukemia engraftment evaluated using anti-human CD45 and CD33. Moreover, primary cells treated with A-PACs were assessed for effects on iron metabolism, ROS, and survival pathways either by gene expression analysis, flow cytometry or mass spectrometry. Administration of A-PACs to NOD-SCID mice bearing AML tumors reduced tumor burden. Mice that were treated with the vehicle control had engraftment of AML primary cells equivalent to 16.1% (95% CI: -6.0, 38.37; n=4), whereas the mice treated with the A-PACs and AraC showed a level of engraftment of 4.9% (95% CI: 2, 8; n=5) and 5.8% (95% CI: -1.1, 12.7; n=5), respectively. No significant changes in hemoglobin or weight were found between the different treatment groups. Moreover, qPCR analysis of sensitive leukemia cell lines treated with A-PACs showed changes in gene expression of several iron metabolism genes in sensitive leukemia cell lines (up-regulation of ferritin and transferrin receptors 1 and down-regulation of ferroportin) and several ROS-relevant genes (down-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit). Mass spectrometry also confirmed that A-PACs bind iron. The results indicate that A-PACs not only target primary AML cells in vitro but are also effective in vivo. Secondary transplants are also being performed to determine the effects on LSC activity. Some of the anti-leukemia mechanisms under investigation include effects related to iron metabolism, ROS or inhibition of survival pathways. Understanding the unique structure and biological effects of A-PACs may provide novel information about pathways involved in the survival of LSCs and provide crucial information in preparation for clinical trials and/or optimal combination drug therapies. Disclosures: Rivella: Novartis: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Isis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Merganser: Equity Ownership, Research Funding; Biomarin: Consultancy; Alexion: Consultancy; Imago: Consultancy.