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1. Technical note: Monitoring discharge of mountain streams by retrieving image features with deep learning

Author

C. Fang, G. Yuan, Z. Zheng, Q. Zhong, and K. Duan

Subjects
Technology, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Traditional discharge monitoring usually relies on measuring flow velocity and cross-section area with various velocimeters or remote-sensing approaches. However, the topography of mountain streams in remote sites largely hinders the applicability of velocity–area methods. Here, we present a method to continuously monitor mountain stream discharge using a low-cost commercial camera and deep learning algorithm. A procedure of automated image categorization and discharge classification was developed to extract information on flow patterns and volumes from high-frequency red–green–blue (RGB) images with deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The method was tested at a small, steep, natural stream reach in southern China. Reference discharge data were acquired from a V-shaped weir and ultrasonic flowmeter installed a few meters downstream of the camera system. Results show that the discharge-relevant stream features implicitly embedded in RGB information can be effectively recognized and retrieved by CNN to achieve satisfactory performance in discharge measurement. Coupling between CNNs and traditional machine learning models (e.g., support vector machine and random forest) can potentially synthesize individual models' diverse merits and improve generalization performance. Besides, proper image pre-processing and categorization are critical for enhancing the robustness and applicability of the method under environmental disturbances (e.g., weather and vegetation on river banks). Our study highlights the usefulness of deep learning in analyzing complex flow images and tracking flow changes over time, which provides a reliable and flexible alternative apparatus for continuous discharge monitoring of rocky mountain streams.

Published
2024
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2. Assimilation of POLDER observations to estimate aerosol emissions

Author

A. Tsikerdekis, O. P. Hasekamp, N. A. J. Schutgens, and Q. Zhong

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We apply a local ensemble transform Kalman smoother (LETKS) in combination with the global aerosol–climate model ECHAM–HAM to estimate aerosol emissions from POLDER-3/PARASOL (POLarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances) observations for the year 2006. We assimilate aerosol optical depth at 550 mnm (AOD550), the Ångström exponent at 550 and 865 nm (AE550–865), and single-scattering albedo at 550 nm (SSA550) in order to improve modeled aerosol mass, size and absorption simultaneously. The new global aerosol emissions increase to 1419 Tg yr−1 (+28 %) for dust, 1850 Tg yr−1 (+75 %) for sea salt, 215 Tg yr−1 (+143 %) for organic aerosol and 13.3 Tg yr−1 (+75 %) for black carbon, while the sulfur dioxide emissions increase to 198 Tg yr−1 (+42 %) and the total deposition of sulfates to 293 Tg yr−1 (+39 %). Organic and black carbon emissions are much higher than their prior values from bottom-up inventories, with a stronger increase in biomass burning sources (+193 % and +90 %) than in anthropogenic sources (115 % and 70 %). The evaluation of the experiments with POLDER (assimilated) and AERONET as well as MODIS Dark Target (independent) observations shows a clear improvement compared with the ECHAM–HAM control run. Specifically based on AERONET, the global mean error in AOD550 improves from −0.094 to −0.006, while absorption aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AAOD550) improves from −0.009 to −0.004 after the assimilation. A smaller improvement is also observed in the AE550–865 mean absolute error (from 0.428 to 0.393), with a considerably higher improvement over isolated island sites at the ocean. The new dust emissions are closer to the ensemble median of AEROCOM I, AEROCOM III and CMIP5 as well as some of the previous assimilation studies. The new sea salt emissions have become closer to the reported emissions from previous studies. Indications of a missing fraction of coarse dust and sea salt particles are discussed. The biomass burning changes (based on POLDER) can be used as alternative biomass burning scaling factors for the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) inventory distinctively estimated for organic carbon (2.93) and black carbon (1.90) instead of the recommended scaling of 3.4 (Kaiser et al., 2012). The estimated emissions are highly sensitive to the relative humidity due to aerosol water uptake, especially in the case of sulfates. We found that ECHAM–HAM, like most of the global climate models (GCMs) that participated in AEROCOM and CMIP6, overestimated the relative humidity compared with ERA5 and as a result the water uptake by aerosols, assuming the kappa values are not underestimated. If we use the ERA5 relative humidity, sulfate emissions must be further increased, as modeled sulfate AOD is lowered. Specifically, over East Asia, the lower AOD can be attributed to the underestimated precipitation and the lack of simulated nitrates in the model.

Published
2023
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3. THE DESIGN OF SCALABLE WEB GIS MICROSERVICE FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION

Author

H. Lyu, L. Miao, D. Jiao, and Q. Zhong

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

As an interdisciplinary integration of GIS theory and network technology, Web GIS is of great significance for the comprehensive development of students’ GIS capability. Therefore, this paper targets undergraduate GIS education and presents a novel approach to designing a scalable Web GIS microservices framework, which consists of three essential components: scalable Web GIS microservices using RESTful APIs, scalable geographic data source provider using PostGIS, and scalable Web mapping and symbolization using JavaScript. In the GIS practice, students are expected to utilize Python, PostGIS, and JavaScript programming languages to develop RESTful microservice APIs, access geographic data, and perform mapping and symbolization using Web browser. Furthermore, they are encouraged to adjust the workload of GIS spatial analysis and algorithms based on the needs of the development environment, and implement different GIS applications. Ultimately, by guiding students to use this framework and participate in GIS practice, the aim of improving their GIS capability is achieved. The experimental results show that through the design and practice of the scalable Web GIS microservices framework, the relevant contents of Web GIS, GIS Software Development, GIS Principle, GIS Algorithm, and GeoDatabase courses are integrated. Students participate in GIS practice in various forms, such as open experiments, innovation projects, and professional competitions, which enhance their GIS capability at the undergraduate level and achieve favorable results.

Published
2023
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4. Satellite-based evaluation of AeroCom model bias in biomass burning regions

Author

Q. Zhong, N. Schutgens, G. van der Werf, T. van Noije, K. Tsigaridis, S. E. Bauer, T. Mielonen, A. Kirkevåg, Ø. Seland, H. Kokkola, R. Checa-Garcia, D. Neubauer, Z. Kipling, H. Matsui, P. Ginoux, T. Takemura, P. Le Sager, S. Rémy, H. Bian, M. Chin, K. Zhang, J. Zhu, S. G. Tsyro, G. Curci, A. Protonotariou, B. Johnson, J. E. Penner, N. Bellouin, R. B. Skeie, and G. Myhre

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Global models are widely used to simulate biomass burning aerosol (BBA). Exhaustive evaluations on model representation of aerosol distributions and properties are fundamental to assess health and climate impacts of BBA. Here we conducted a comprehensive comparison of Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AeroCom) project model simulations with satellite observations. A total of 59 runs by 18 models from three AeroCom Phase-III experiments (i.e., biomass burning emissions, CTRL16, and CTRL19) and 14 satellite products of aerosols were used in the study. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm was investigated during the fire season over three key fire regions reflecting different fire dynamics (i.e., deforestation-dominated Amazon, Southern Hemisphere Africa where savannas are the key source of emissions, and boreal forest burning in boreal North America). The 14 satellite products were first evaluated against AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) observations, with large uncertainties found. But these uncertainties had small impacts on the model evaluation that was dominated by modeling bias. Through a comparison with Polarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectances measurements with the Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties algorithm (POLDER-GRASP), we found that the modeled AOD values were biased by −93 % to 152 %, with most models showing significant underestimations even for the state-of-the-art aerosol modeling techniques (i.e., CTRL19). By scaling up BBA emissions, the negative biases in modeled AOD were significantly mitigated, although it yielded only negligible improvements in the correlation between models and observations, and the spatial and temporal variations in AOD biases did not change much. For models in CTRL16 and CTRL19, the large diversity in modeled AOD was in almost equal measures caused by diversity in emissions, lifetime, and the mass extinction coefficient (MEC). We found that in the AeroCom ensemble, BBA lifetime correlated significantly with particle deposition (as expected) and in turn correlated strongly with precipitation. Additional analysis based on Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aerosol profiles suggested that the altitude of the aerosol layer in the current models was generally too low, which also contributed to the bias in modeled lifetime. Modeled MECs exhibited significant correlations with the Ångström exponent (AE, an indicator of particle size). Comparisons with the POLDER-GRASP-observed AE suggested that the models tended to overestimate the AE (underestimated particle size), indicating a possible underestimation of MECs in models. The hygroscopic growth in most models generally agreed with observations and might not explain the overall underestimation of modeled AOD. Our results imply that current global models contain biases in important aerosol processes for BBA (e.g., emissions, removal, and optical properties) that remain to be addressed in future research.

Published
2022
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5. Chiral and degenerate perfect absorption on exceptional surfaces

Author

S. Soleymani, Q. Zhong, M. Mokim, S. Rotter, R. El-Ganainy, and Ş. K. Özdemir

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Robust engineering of non-Hermitian light-matter coupling will be crucial for future optical device design. Here the authors present a photonic system that operates on an exceptional surface, demonstrating chiral and degenerate absorption with super-Lorentzian lineshape.

Published
2022
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6. Monitoring Methods of Marine Pollution Range Based on Big Data Technology

Author

Q. Zhong and X.M. Liu

Subjects
big data technology, marine pollution, image monitoring, digital remote sensing, intelligent monitoring, Environmental effects of industries and plants, TD194-195, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

With the development of big data technology, traditional monitoring methods for the scope of marine pollution can no longer meet the current needs of accuracy and timeliness. In light of the outstanding topic, this study proposed to use big data technology to monitor the scope of marine pollution. The intelligent digital remote sensing technology was used for multi-dimensional monitoring of ocean water quality and completed the calculation of data collected by water quality sensors through the improved big data comparative analysis method. Finally, the scope of pollution monitoring was realized. The results verified that the proposed monitoring method could achieve high-precision and time-sensitive monitoring of the range of marine pollutants, and could identify the basic information of pollutants.

Published
2021
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7. A global dataset of atmospheric 7Be and 210Pb measurements: annual air concentration and depositional flux

Author

F. Zhang, J. Wang, M. Baskaran, Q. Zhong, Y. Wang, J. Paatero, and J. Du

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

7Be and 210Pb air concentration and depositional flux data provide key information on the origins and movements of air masses, as well as atmospheric deposition processes and residence time of aerosols. After their deposition onto the Earth's surface, they are utilized for tracing soil redistribution processes on land, particle dynamics in aquatic systems, and mixing processes in open ocean. Here we present a global dataset of air concentration and depositional flux measurements of atmospheric 7Be and 210Pb made by a large number of global research communities. Data were collected from published papers between 1955 and early 2020. It includes the annual surface air concentration data of 7Be from 367 sites and 210Pb from 270 sites, the annual depositional flux data of 7Be from 279 sites and 210Pb from 602 sites. When available, appropriate metadata have also been summarized, including geographic location, sampling date, methodology, annual precipitation, and references. The dataset is archived at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4785136 (Zhang et al., 2021) and is freely available for the scientific community. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the scope and nature of this dataset and its potential utility as baseline data for future research.

Published
2021
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8. The Mid-Term Forecast Method of F10.7 Based on Extreme Ultraviolet Images

Author

L. Lei, Q. Zhong, J. Wang, L. Shi, and S. Liu

Subjects
Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

The solar radio flux at 10.7cm (F10.7) is a direct monitor and an important indicator of solar variability, and F10.7 is commonly used in empirical atmospheric models, ionosphere models, etc. The source regions of F10.7 are mainly in the corona above the active regions, and the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images reflect the coronal thermal structure. In this paper, an index is defined as PSR based on the intensity values of solar EUV images to represent the coronal contribution to F10.7. The Spearman correlation coefficient between the observed values of F10.7 and PSR is 0.85 in 304 Å EUV images. Based on the high correlation, an empirical model is constructed. Combining the EUV data of SDO/AIA and the twin STEREO/EUVI, solar full-disk EUV images can be generated, and the future 27-day values of PSR can be calculated. Then, a realistic estimation of F10.7 from 1 to 27 days in advance can be provided by the empirical model. Compared to the predictive values of F10.7 by the 54th-order autoregressive models in 2012-2013, the error drop-rate of our model is 12.54%, and our method has significant advantages in the upcoming 3 to 27 days’ forecast.

Published
2019
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9. Control of spontaneous emission dynamics in microcavities with chiral exceptional surfaces

Author

Q. Zhong, A. Hashemi, Ş. K. Özdemir, and R. El-Ganainy

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We investigate spontaneous emission from a quantum emitter located within the mode volume of a microring resonator that features chiral exceptional points. We show that this configuration offers enough degrees of freedom to exhibit a full control to either enhance or suppress the emission process. Particularly, we demonstrate that the Purcell factor can be enhanced by a factor of two beyond its value in an identical microring operating at a diabolic point. Our conclusions, which are derived using a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian formalism, are confirmed by employing full-wave simulations of realistic photonic structures and materials. Our results offer a straightforward route to improve the performance of single photon sources using current photonics technology without the need for building optical resonators with ultrahigh quality factors or nanoscale volumes.

Published
2021
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10. Coherent virtual absorption of light in microring resonators

Author

Q. Zhong, L. Simonson, T. Kottos, and R. El-Ganainy

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Light trapping and radiation process from linear reciprocal photonic resonators is one of the fundamental processes in optical science and engineering. Recently, the concept of coherent virtual absorption (CVA) of light was introduced and investigated for planar and cylindrical optical structures. The key feature of CVA is that by engineering the time dependence of the excitation waveform, one can temporarily store all the input energy in the optical structure without any leakage. Here we further explore this concept in integrated photonic setups made of microring resonators. By using coupled-mode theory, we derive an analytical expression for CVA in this platform. This in turn allows us to make the connection with the notion of coherent perfect absorption as well as extending our analysis to active resonators (having optical gain). We provide physical insight into this process by using a simple model made of cascaded beam splitters. Importantly, we confirm our results using a full-wave analysis of realistic material systems. Finally, we discuss the limitation on the CVA process due to waveform mismatch and nonlinear effects.

Published
2020
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11. Chimerism Analysis in Sex-Mismatched Murine Transplantation Using Quantitative Real-Time PCR

Author

P. Byrne, W. Huang, V.M. Wallace, M.K. Shean, Z. Zhang, Q. Zhong, C. Theodossiou, H. Blakesley, J.K. Kolls, and P. Schwarzenberger

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Murine experimental stem cell transplantations require the accurate discrimination and quantification of donor cells from host cells. A Y-chromosome-specific, quantitative real-time PCR (kinetic PCR) protocol for blood-derived DNA was developed. The assay sensitivity was extremely high with accurate detection of only 10 pg (six copies of Y target DNA) in a variable background of female DNA background ranging from 2.5 to 50 ng. The dynamic range of the assay provided accurate results ranging from 2.2 × 10−2% to 100% of male DNA in female background. The kinetic PCR assay can be used in all mouse strains, and a sample size as low as 2.5 ng total DNA is sufficient for analysis. Therefore, kinetic PCR allows engraftment kinetic studies on repeated blood draws of individual animals with no need for sacrifice. Compared to conventional PCR, the assay is much simplified, as neither the accurate adjustment of sample DNA concentration nor a post-reaction analysis procedure is required. The procedure is simple, free of radioactivity, and permits a throughput of 500–600 reactions per day.

Published
2002
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12. The elimination effects of lavender essential oil on Listeria monocytogenes biofilms developed at different temperatures and the induction of VBNC state

Author

X. Han, Q. Chen, X. Zhang, J. Peng, M. Zhang, and Q. Zhong

Subjects
Lavandula, Anti-Infective Agents, Sodium Hypochlorite, Biofilms, Oils, Volatile, Temperature, Listeria monocytogenes, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Abstract

Listeria monocytogenes is a typical foodborne pathogen that causes hard-to-treat bacterial infections, mainly due to its ability to form biofilm and enter into a viable but non-culturable state (VBNC). In this study, we investigated the removal effects of four antimicrobial agents on L. monocytogenes biofilms formed at 32°C and 10°C, analysed the resistances of the mature biofilms to antimicrobial agents, and explored the VBNC state of cells in mature biofilms induced by lavender essential oil (LEO). The results showed that the growth of L. monocytogenes was completely inhibited when 1·6% (v/v) of the LEO was added. Meanwhile, the results of the crystal violet staining and XTT reduction method indicated that different concentrations of LEO significantly reduced L. monocytogenes biofilms biomass and metabolic activities, followed by sodium hypochlorite, lactic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images confirmed that the treated biofilms became thinner, the structure was sparse, and the appearance was blurry. More interestingly, L. monocytogenes biofilms developed at 10°C were less susceptible to the sanitizers than those formed at 32°C. In addition, LEO presented a more significant dispersing effect on the biofilm cells, and 1/2 MIC to 4 MIC of LEO could induce fewer VBNC state cells in biofilm and plankton compared with sodium hypochlorite. This study indicated that the LEO could be considered as an ideal antibiofilm agent for controlling L. monocytogenes. But we should pay attention to the resistance of the biofilms developed at low temperatures.

Published
2022

15. Time-resolved secondary triton burnup 14 MeV neutron measurement by a new scintillating fiber detector in middle total neutron emission ranges in deuterium large helical device plasma experiments

Author

Isao Murata, S. Murakami, S. Sangaroon, J. Jo, Kunihiro Ogawa, Mitsutaka Isobe, E. Takada, Yipo Zhang, T. Nakada, G. Q. Zhong, and S. Tamaki

Subjects
Physics, Scintillating fiber, Neutron emission, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Fusion plasma, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, QC1-999, Detector, Nuclear Theory, Neutron measurement, General Medicine, Plasma, Nuclear physics, Large Helical Device, Deuterium, Neutron flux, Physics::Plasma Physics, Neutron source, Neutron, Triton burnup, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A middle-sensitivity scintillating fiber detector (hereafter middle Sci-Fi detector) that works at a deuterium-tritium neutron flux of ~105-107 cm−2s−1 was utilized to measure secondary deuterium-tritium neutron emission rates with high temporal resolution at a total neutron emission rate of 1013 to 1015 n/s, where strong magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities were observed in the large helical device deuterium plasma experiments. The gain and angular characteristics of the middle Sci-Fi detector were evaluated in an accelerator-based deuterium-tritium neutron source in the intense 14 MeV neutron source facility at Osaka University. Observation of 1 MeV triton transport due to MHD instability was performed by a middle Sci-Fi detector whose deuterium-tritium neutron counting rate was approximately 20 times higher than that of the conventional Sci-Fi detector. Fusion-born triton transport due to energetic-particle-driven MHD instability was observed using the middle Sci-Fi detector due to its high detection efficiency and high discrimination ability of deuterium-tritium neutrons from the sea of deuterium-deuterium neutrons.

Published
2021

16. Influence of ICRF-NBI synergy on fast ion distribution and plasma performance in second harmonic heating experiments with deuterium NBI at EAST

Author

W. Zhang, G.-H. Zhu, X.-J. Zhang, G.-Q. Zhong, L. Ai, Y.-Q. Chu, T.-S. Fan, H.-C. Fan, Y.-Y. Guo, B.-L. Hao, J. Huang, Y.-F. Jin, L.-N. Liu, L.-Y. Liao, Y.-H. Li, Q.-C. Liang, Y.-X. Sun, G. X. Wang, D.-K. Yang, H. Yang, and H.-P. Zhang

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating and Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) can have synergy due to the acceleration of NBI beam ions by ICRF wave fields at their harmonics. To understand the influence of ICRF-NBI synergy on fast ion distribution and plasma performance, dedicated experiments and TRANSP simulations have been carried out on EAST. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. They show that the ICRF-NBI synergy not only accelerates the NBI beam ions with energy lower than 80 keV to energy larger than 300 keV, but also generates fusion neutrons with energy larger than 3 MeV. Moreover, ICRF-NBI synergy improves the plasma performance by increasing the poloidal beta, plasma stored energy, core ion temperature, total neutron yield and kinetic pressure. In a typical H-mode plasma with 1.0 MW NBI and 1.5 MW ICRF power, it was observed that ICRF-NBI synergy increases the poloidal beta, plasma stored energy, core ion temperature and neutron yield by ∼35%, 33%, 22% and 80%, respectively. Various parameter scans show that the ICRF-NBI synergetic effects can be enhanced by decreasing the minority ion concentration or the distance between the harmonic resonance and magnetic axis, or by increasing the ICRF heating power or NBI beam energy. Consequently, this leads to a generation of fast ions with higher energy. For instance, the maximum energy of the fast ion tail increases from 300 to 600 keV as n(H) decreases from 5% to 0.1%.

Published
2023

18. 外周血样本的存储和运输对BCR-ABL（P210）转录本水平定量检测结果的影响

Author

M Q, Hua, N, He, C Q, Zhong, X Y, Yang, J T, Liu, R Q, Wang, F J, Han, C, Zhang, and D X, Ma

Subjects
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Storage conditions, 实时聚合酶链反应, Internal quality control, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Fusion proteins, BCR-ABL, 室内质量控制, 论著, 融合蛋白质类，BCR-ABL, Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive, Humans, 运输, 存储条件, Delivery
Abstract

目的 探索慢性髓性白血病（CML）患者外周血样本的存储和运输对实时定量PCR（RQ-PCR）检测BCR-ABL（P210）转录本水平的影响。 方法 采集84例CML患者外周血样本，根据储存时间（0、6、12、24、48和72 h）、温度［室温（18～24 °C）和低温（2～8 °C）］以及振荡条件（振荡时长3、6和12 h）设置不同分组，RQ-PCR法检测不同条件下外周血样本BCR-ABL（P210）转录本水平。本研究将BCR-ABL拷贝数、ABL拷贝数和BCR-ABL（P210）转录本水平等原始数据进行对数转化（log10N）。 结果 ①琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示：室温条件下，储存48、72 h的样本RNA出现显著降解；②储存温度方面，总体样本中，室温储存48、72 h的样本BCR-ABL拷贝数检测水平显著低于低温储存的样本（P0.05）；③储存时间方面，与基线的3.35±1.60相比，总体样本的BCR-ABL拷贝数检测结果仅在室温储存储存下48 h（2.93±1.59）和72 h（2.79±1.42）显著下降（P0.05）；④振荡方面，与基线的−0.60±1.37相比，振荡3、6、12 h的样本BCR-ABL（P210）转录本水平检测结果无显著改变（P>0.05）。 结论 样本储存时间、储存温度及运输振荡因素可以影响BCR-ABL、ABL拷贝数的检测结果，但对BCR-ABL（P210）转录本水平定量检测结果无显著影响。

Published
2021

19. Based on physical model test and analysis of hydraulic erosion of warping dam

Author

F Q Zhong, A D Huo, and Z X Zhao

Subjects
General Medicine, General Chemistry
Abstract

As a common engineering measure in “Gully consolidation and highland protection” project, warping dam plays a great role in soil and water conservation in the loess Plateau region. This paper selects the Yangjiagou small watershed in Qingyang City, Gansu Province as the research object, sets up a warping dam to simulate erosion reduction, and establishes a physical channel model with equal scale reduction, to reveal the reciprocal feeding mechanism of hydraulic erosion to the “Gully consolidation and highland protection” project. According to experimental calculations, the total erosion amount of the three erosion tests before the construction of the warping dam is 7.25kg, 8.02kg and 9.20kg, and the total erosion amount of the three erosion tests after the construction of the silt dam is 4.51kg, 5.25kg and 6.18kg. The sand interception efficiency in the three water flushing tests is 37.8%, 34.5% and 32.8%. The results show that the construction of warping dam can raise erosion base level and alleviate soil erosion effectively. And the warping dam can still play a part of its sediment reduction capacity after it has been scoured several times and partially destroyed. With the increase of use time, the effectiveness of the warping dam for blocking sand gradually decreases.

Published
2023

20. Soil CEC Predicting Model of Tobacco-Planting Fields in Chenzhou, South Hunan Province

Author

Y S Xiao, L J Li, Y H Liao, B He, Z H Cao, Z H He, Q Zhong, and W J Li

Subjects
Agronomy, Sowing
Abstract

Background: Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is a basic but important soil property of soil fertility or quality, CEC predicting model is often derived from other soil properties measured more easily because the traditional method determining CEC is time-consuming and laborious. It is necessary to establish a new CEC prediction model for a new region because CEC predicting model usually is dependent on the study region. Objective: Chenzhou City is the most important and typical tobacco-planting region with tobacco-rice rotation in Hunan province and China, this study was conducted to establish CEC predicting model for the tobacco-planting fields in Chenzhou because so far no CEC predicting model is available for tobacco-planting fields in Chenzhou and in China. Method: In total 1055 topsoil samples (0∼20 cm) were collected in 2015 from the tobacco-planting fields in Chenzhou, soil properties included the particle size composition, pH, soil organic matter and various nutrients were determined, the status of CEC were assessed, and then CEC predicting models were setup in different regions in Chenzhou. Result: The results showed that CEC in Chenzhou was ranged from 3.50 to 48.50 cmol (+) kg-1 with a mean of 22.05 cmol (+) kg-1, averagely belonged to the very high grade (>20 cmol(+) kg-1). There were significant differences in CECs in different regions in Chenzhou, which was the highest in Jiahe (23.83 cmol(+) kg-1) but the lowest in Anren (15.78 cmol(+) kg-1). CEC was significantly correlated with different soil properties in different regions, which was significantly correlated with coarse sands, fine sands, clays, pH and total P in Chenzhou (R= 0.312**∼0.445**), significantly correlated with coarse sands, silts, fine sands, clays, pH, total P, exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+ and available Zn in Suxian (R= 0.430**∼0.684**), significantly correlated with coarse sands, fine sands, silts, clays, pH, total P, available B and Cu in Yongxing (R=0.321**∼0.605**), significantly correlated with coarse sands, fine sands and clays and total P in Guiyang (R=0.330**∼0.477**), significantly correlated with coarse sands, silts and total K in Yizhang (R=0.326**∼0.466**), and only significantly correlated with fine sands in Jiahe (R=0.350**). The accuracy of CEC predicting model usually was lower when less properties involved. Based on the comparison of the R2 and RMSE of the established CEC predicting models, it is recommended that the total model for Chenzhou could be used for Guiyang, Jiahe and Yizhang, while the regional models should be selected for Yongxing, Anren and Suxian. Conclusion: This study proves further that different soil properties were most important for CEC predicting models in different regions, new CEC predicting models must be setup for a new study region, and soil organic matter is not a variable in soil CEC predicting models for tobacco-planting fields in Chenzhou, which are different from some previous studies.

Published
2021

25. Generation of human blastocyst-like structures from pluripotent stem cells

Author

H.-Y. Zhu, X.-J. Kang, S. Alsolami, Yimeng Yu, Yong Fan, Z.-L. Ma, Mo Li, C.-Q. Zhong, K. Zhong, Z.-Y. Min, W.-D. Pei, Pu-Yao Zhang, and Yanjun Zhang

Subjects
Transcriptome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Epiblast, embryonic structures, Cell, Morphogenesis, medicine, Human embryogenesis, Embryo, Blastocyst, Biology, Induced pluripotent stem cell, Cell biology
Abstract

Human blastocysts are comprised of the first three cell lineages of the embryo: trophectoderm, epiblast, and primitive endoderm, all of which are essential for early development and organ formation1,2. However, due to ethical concerns and restricted access to human blastocysts, we lack a comprehensive understanding of early human embryogenesis. To bridge this knowledge gap, we need a reliable model system that recapitulates early stages of human embryogenesis. Here we report a ∼three-dimensional (3D), two-step induction protocol for generating blastocyst-like structures (EPS-blastoids) from human extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells. Morphological and single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed that EPS-blastoids contain key cell lineages and are transcriptionally similar to human blastocysts. Furthermore, EPS-blastoids also exhibited the developmental potential to undergo post-implantation morphogenesis in vitro to form structures with a cellular composition and transcriptome signature similar to human embryos that had been cultured in vitro for 8 or 10 days. In conclusion, human EPS-blastoids provide a new experimental platform for studying early developmental stages of the human embryo.HighlightsA method for generating human blastoids from EPS cells.Human blastoids resemble blastocysts in terms of morphology and cell lineage composition.Single-cell transcriptomic analyses reveal EPI, PE, and TE cell lineages in human blastoids.Human blastoids mimic in vitro the morphogenetic events of pre- and early post-implantation stages.

Published
2021

26. 835P Enhancement of the International Prognostic Index with hematologic parameters: A new prognostic model for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP

Author

Shengyu Zhou, Lin Zhou, Lin Gui, Xiaohui He, Honglin Chen, J. Yang, Shigui Yang, Yuankai Shi, Chao Zhang, Q. Zhong, Yan Qin, and Peng Liu

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, International Prognostic Index, business.industry, Internal medicine, Prognostic model, medicine, Hematology, medicine.disease, business, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Published
2021

27. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

Author

D. KLIONSKY, A. ABDEL-AZIZ, S. ABDELFATAH, M. ABDELLATIF, A. ABDOLI, S. ABEL, H. ABELIOVICH, M. ABILDGAARD, Y. ABUDU, A. ACEVEDO-AROZENA, I. ADAMOPOULOS, K. ADELI, T. ADOLPH, A. ADORNETTO, E. AFLAKI, G. AGAM, A. AGARWAL, B. AGGARWAL, M. AGNELLO, P. AGOSTINIS, J. AGREWALA, A. AGROTIS, P. AGUILAR, S. AHMAD, Z. AHMED, U. AHUMADA-CASTRO, S. AITS, S. AIZAWA, Y. AKKOC, T. AKOUMIANAKI, H. AKPINAR, A. AL-ABD, L. AL-AKRA, A. AL-GHARAIBEH, M. ALAOUI-JAMALI, S. ALBERTI, E. ALCOCER-GOMEZ, C. ALESSANDRI, M. ALI, M. AL-BARI, S. ALIWAINI, J. ALIZADEH, E. ALMACELLAS, A. ALMASAN, A. ALONSO, G. ALONSO, N. ALTAN-BONNET, D. ALTIERI, S. ALVES, C. DA COSTA, M. ALZAHARNA, M. AMADIO, C. AMANTINI, C. AMARAL, S. AMBROSIO, A. AMER, V. AMMANATHAN, Z. AN, S. ANDERSEN, S. ANDRABI, M. ANDRADE-SILVA, A. ANDRES, S. ANGELINI, D. ANN, U. ANOZIE, M. ANSARI, P. ANTAS, A. ANTEBI, Z. ANTON, T. ANWAR, L. APETOH, N. APOSTOLOVA, T. ARAKI, Y. ARAKI, K. ARASAKI, W. ARAUJO, J. ARAYA, C. ARDEN, M. AREVALO, S. ARGUELLES, E. ARIAS, J. ARIKKATH, H. ARIMOTO, A. ARIOSA, D. ARMSTRONG-JAMES, L. ARNAUNE-PELLOQUIN, A. AROCA, D. ARROYO, I. ARSOV, R. ARTERO, D. ASARO, M. ASCHNER, M. ASHRAFIZADEH, O. ASHUR-FABIAN, A. ATANASOV, A. AU, P. AUBERGER, H. AUNER, L. AURELIAN, R. AUTELLI, L. AVAGLIANO, Y. AVALOS, S. AVEIC, C. AVELEIRA, T. AVINWITTENBERG, Y. AYDIN, S. AYTON, S. AYYADEVARA, M. AZZOPARDI, M. BABA, J. BACKER, S. BACKUES, D. BAE, O. BAE, S. BAE, E. BAEHRECKE, A. BAEK, S. BAEK, G. BAGETTA, A. BAGNIEWSKA-ZADWORNA, H. BAI, J. BAI, X. BAI, Y. BAI, N. BAIRAGI, S. BAKSI, T. BALBI, C. BALDARI, W. BALDUINI, A. BALLABIO, M. BALLESTER, S. BALAZADEH, R. BALZAN, R. BANDOPADHYAY, S. BANERJEE, Y. BAO, M. BAPTISTA, A. BARACCA, C. BARBATI, A. BARGIELA, D. BARILA, P. BARLOW, S. BARMADA, E. BARREIRO, G. BARRETO, J. BARTEK, B. BARTEL, A. BARTOLOME, G. BARVE, S. BASAGOUDANAVAR, D. BASSHAM, R. JR, A. BASU, H. BATOKO, I. BATTEN, E. BAULIEU, B. BAUMGARNER, J. BAYRY, R. BEALE, I. BEAU, F. BEAUMATIN, L. BECHARA, G. BECK, M. BEERS, J. BEGUN, C. BEHRENDS, G. BEHRENS, R. BEI, E. BEJARANO, S. BEL, C. BEHL, A. BELAID, N. BELGAREH-TOUZE, C. BELLAROSA, F. BELLEUDI, M. PEREZ, R. BELLO-MORALES, J. BELTRAN, S. BELTRAN, D. BENBROOK, M. BENDORIUS, B. BENITEZ, I. BENITO-CUESTA, J. BENSALEM, M. BERCHTOLD, S. BEREZOWSKA, D. BERGAMASCHI, M. BERGAMI, A. BERGMANN, L. BERLIOCCHI, C. BERLIOZ-TORRENT, A. BERNARD, L. BERTHOUX, C. BESIRLI, S. BESTEIRO, V. BETIN, R. BEYAERT, J. BEZBRADICA, K. BHASKAR, I. BHATIA-KISSOVA, R. BHATTACHARYA, S. BHATTACHARYA, S. BHATTACHARYYA, M. BHUIYAN, S. BHUTIA, L. BI, X. BI, T. BIDEN, K. BIJIAN, V. BILLES, N. BINART, C. BINCOLETTO, A. BIRGISDOTTIR, G. BJORKOY, G. BLANCO, A. BLAS-GARCIA, J. BLASIAK, R. BLOMGRAN, K. BLOMGREN, J. BLUM, E. BOADA-ROMERO, M. BOBAN, K. BOESZEBATTAGLIA, P. BOEUF, B. BOLAND, P. BOMONT, P. BONALDO, S. BONAM, L. BONFILI, J. BONIFACINO, B. BOONE, M. BOOTMAN, M. BORDI, C. BORNER, B. BORNHAUSER, G. BORTHAKUR, J. BOSCH, S. BOSE, L. BOTANA, J. BOTAS, C. BOULANGER, M. BOULTON, M. BOURDENX, B. BOURGEOIS, N. BOURKE, G. BOUSQUET, P. BOYA, P. BOZHKOV, L. BOZI, T. BOZKURT, D. BRACKNEY, C. BRANDTS, R. BRAUN, G. BRAUS, R. BRAVO-SAGUA, J. BRAVO-SAN PEDRO, P. BREST, M. BRINGER, A. BRIONES-HERRERA, V. BROADDUS, P. BRODERSEN, E. ALVAREZ, J. BRODSKY, S. BRODY, P. BRONSON, J. BRONSTEIN, C. BROWN, R. BROWN, P. BRUM, J. BRUMELL, N. BRUNETTI-PIERRI, D. BRUNO, R. BRYSON-RICHARDSON, C. BUCCI, C. BUCHRIESER, M. BUENO, L. BUITRAGO-MOLINA, S. BURASCHI, S. BUCH, J. BUCHAN, E. BUCKINGHAM, H. BUDAK, M. BUDINI, G. BULTYNCK, F. BURADA, J. BURGOYNE, M. BURON, V. BUSTOS, S. BUTTNER, E. BUTTURINI, A. BYRD, I. CABAS, S. CABRERA-BENITEZ, K. CADWELL, J. CAI, L. CAI, Q. CAI, M. CAIRO, J. CALBET, G. CALDWELL, K. CALDWELL, J. CALL, R. CALVANI, A. CALVO, M. BARRERA, N. CAMARA, J. CAMONIS, N. CAMOUGRAND, M. CAMPANELLA, E. CAMPBELL, F. CAMPBELL-VALOIS, S. CAMPELLO, I. CAMPESI, J. CAMPOS, O. CAMUZARD, J. CANCINO, D. DE ALMEIDA, L. CANESI, I. CANIGGIA, B. CANONICO, C. CANTI, B. CAO, M. CARAGLIA, B. CARAMES, E. CARCHMAN, E. CARDENAL-MUNOZ, C. CARDENAS, L. CARDENAS, S. CARDOSO, J. CAREW, G. CARLE, G. CARLETON, S. CARLONI, D. CARMONA-GUTIERREZ, L. CARNEIRO, O. CARNEVALI, J. CAROSI, S. CARRA, A. CARRIER, L. CARRIER, B. CARROLL, A. CARTER, A. CARVALHO, M. CASANOVA, C. CASAS, J. CASAS, C. CASSIOLI, E. CASTILLO, K. CASTILLO, S. CASTILLO-LLUVA, F. CASTOLDI, M. CASTORI, A. CASTRO, M. CASTRO-CALDAS, J. CASTRO-HERNANDEZ, S. CASTRO-OBREGON, S. CATZ, C. CAVADAS, F. CAVALIERE, G. CAVALLINI, M. CAVINATO, M. CAYUELA, P. RICA, V. CECARINI, F. CECCONI, M. CECHOWSKA-PASKO, S. CENCI, V. CEPERUELO-MALLAFRE, J. CERQUEIRA, J. CERUTTI, D. CERVIA, V. CETINTAS, S. CETRULLO, H. CHAE, A. CHAGIN, C. CHAI, G. CHAKRABARTI, O. CHAKRABARTI, T. CHAKRABORTY, M. CHAMI, G. CHAMILOS, D. CHAN, E. CHAN, H. CHAN, M. CHAN, Y. CHAN, P. CHANDRA, C. CHANG, H. CHANG, K. CHANG, J. CHAO, T. CHAPMAN, N. CHARLET-BERGUERAND, S. CHATTERJEE, S. CHAUBE, A. CHAUDHARY, S. CHAUHAN, E. CHAUM, F. CHECLER, M. CHEETHAM, C. CHEN, G. CHEN, J. CHEN, L. CHEN, M. CHEN, N. CHEN, Q. CHEN, R. CHEN, S. CHEN, W. CHEN, X. CHEN, Y. CHEN, Z. CHEN, H. CHENG, J. CHENG, S. CHENG, W. CHENG, X. CHENG, Y. CHENG, Z. CHENG, H. CHEONG, J. CHEONG, B. CHERNYAK, S. CHERRY, C. CHEUNG, K. CHEUNG, E. CHEVET, R. CHI, A. CHIANG, F. CHIARADONNA, R. CHIARELLI, M. CHIARIELLO, N. CHICA, S. CHIOCCA, M. CHIONG, S. CHIOU, A. CHIRAMEL, V. CHIURCHIU, D. CHO, S. CHOE, A. CHOI, M. CHOI, K. CHOUDHURY, N. CHOW, C. CHU, J. CHUA, H. CHUNG, K. CHUNG, S. CHUNG, Y. CHUNG, V. CIANFANELLI, I. CIECHOMSKA, M. CIFUENTES, L. CINQUE, S. CIRAK, M. CIRONE, M. CLAGUE, R. CLARKE, E. CLEMENTI, E. COCCIA, P. CODOGNO, E. COHEN, M. COHEN, T. COLASANTI, F. COLASUONNO, R. COLBERT, A. COLELL, N. COLL, M. COLLINS, M. COLOMBO, D. COLON-RAMOS, L. COMBARET, S. COMINCINI, M. COMINETTI, A. CONSIGLIO, A. CONTE, F. CONTI, V. CONTU, M. COOKSON, K. COOMBS, I. COPPENS, M. CORASANITI, D. CORKERY, N. CORDES, K. CORTESE, M. COSTA, S. COSTANTINO, P. COSTELLI, A. COTO-MONTES, P. CRACK, J. CRESPO, A. CRIOLLO, V. CRIPPA, R. CRISTOFANI, T. CSIZMADIA, A. CUADRADO, B. CUI, J. CUI, Y. CUI, E. CULETTO, A. CUMINO, A. CYBULSKY, M. CZAJA, S. CZUCZWAR, S. D'ADAMO, M. D'AMELIO, D. D'ARCANGELO, A. D'LUGOS, G. D'ORAZI, J. DA SILVA, H. DAFSARI, R. DAGDA, Y. DAGDAS, M. DAGLIA, X. DAI, Y. DAI, J. DAL COL, P. DALHAIMER, L. DALLA VALLE, T. DALLENGA, G. DALMASSO, M. DAMME, I. DANDO, N. DANTUMA, A. DARLING, H. DAS, S. DASARATHY, S. DASARI, S. DASH, O. DAUMKE, A. DAUPHINEE, J. DAVIES, V. DAVILA, R. DAVIS, T. DAVIS, S. NAIDU, F. DE AMICIS, K. DE BOSSCHER, F. DE FELICE, L. DE FRANCESCHI, C. DE LEONIBUS, M. BARBOSA, G. DE MEYER, A. DE MILITO, C. DE NUNZIO, C. DE PALMA, M. DE SANTI, C. DE VIRGILIO, D. DE ZIO, J. DEBNATH, B. DEBOSCH, J. DECUYPERE, M. DEEHAN, G. DEFLORIAN, J. DEGREGORI, B. DEHAY, G. DEL RIO, J. DELANEY, L. DELBRIDGE, E. DELORME-AXFORD, M. DELPINO, F. DEMARCHI, V. DEMBITZ, N. DEMERS, H. DENG, Z. DENG, J. DENGJEL, P. DENT, D. DENTON, M. DEPAMPHILIS, C. DER, V. DERETIC, A. DESCOTEAUX, L. DEVIS, S. DEVKOTA, O. DEVUYST, G. DEWSON, M. DHARMASIVAM, R. DHIMAN, D. DI BERNARDO, M. DI CRISTINA, F. DI DOMENICO, P. DI FAZIO, A. DI FONZO, G. DI GUARDO, G. DI GUGLIELMO, L. DI LEO, C. DI MALTA, A. DI NARDO, M. DI RIENZO, F. DI SANO, G. DIALLINAS, J. DIAO, G. DIAZ-ARAYA, I. DIAZ-LAVIADA, J. DICKINSON, M. DIEDERICH, M. DIEUDE, I. DIKIC, S. DING, W. DING, L. DINI, M. DINIC, A. DINKOVA-KOSTOVA, M. DIONNE, J. DISTLER, A. DIWAN, I. DIXON, M. DJAVAHERI-MERGNY, I. DOBRINSKI, O. DOBROVINSKAYA, R. DOBROWOLSKI, R. DOBSON, S. EMRE, M. DONADELLI, B. DONG, X. DONG, Z. DONG, G. II, V. DOTSCH, H. DOU, J. DOU, M. DOWAIDAR, S. DRIDI, L. DRUCKER, A. DU, C. DU, G. DU, H. DU, L. DU, A. DU TOIT, S. DUAN, X. DUAN, S. DUARTE, A. DUBROVSKA, E. DUNLOP, N. DUPONT, R. DURAN, B. DWARAKANATH, S. DYSHLOVOY, D. EBRAHIMI-FAKHARI, L. ECKHART, C. EDELSTEIN, T. EFFERTH, E. EFTEKHARPOUR, L. EICHINGER, N. EID, T. EISENBERG, N. EISSA, S. EISSA, M. EJARQUE, A. EL ANDALOUSSI, N. EL-HAGE, S. EL-NAGGAR, A. ELEUTERI, E. EL-SHAFEY, M. ELGENDY, A. ELIOPOULOS, M. ELIZALDE, P. ELKS, H. ELSASSER, E. ELSHERBINY, B. EMERLING, N. EMRE, C. ENG, N. ENGEDAL, A. ENGELBRECHT, A. ENGELSEN, J. ENSERINK, R. ESCALANTE, A. ESCLATINE, M. ESCOBAR-HENRIQUES, E. ESKELINEN, L. ESPERT, M. EUSEBIO, G. FABRIAS, C. FABRIZI, A. FACCHIANO, F. FACCHIANO, B. FADEEL, C. FADER, A. FAESEN, W. FAIRLIE, A. FALCO, B. FALKENBURGER, D. FAN, J. FAN, Y. FAN, E. FANG, Y. FANG, M. FANTO, T. FARFEL-BECKER, M. FAURE, G. FAZELI, A. FEDELE, A. FELDMAN, D. FENG, J. FENG, L. FENG, Y. FENG, W. FENG, T. ARAUJO, T. FERGUSON, J. FERNANDEZ-CHECA, S. FERNANDEZVELEDO, A. FERNIE, A. FERRANTE, A. FERRARESI, M. FERRARI, J. FERREIRA, S. FERRO-NOVICK, A. FIGUERAS, R. FILADI, N. FILIGHEDDU, E. FILIPPICHIELA, G. FILOMENI, G. FIMIA, V. FINESCHI, F. FINETTI, S. FINKBEINER, E. FISHER, P. FISHER, F. FLAMIGNI, S. FLIESLER, T. FLO, I. FLORANCE, O. FLOREY, T. FLORIO, E. FODOR, C. FOLLO, E. FON, A. FORLINO, F. FORNAI, P. FORTINI, A. FRACASSI, A. FRALDI, B. FRANCO, R. FRANCO, F. FRANCONI, L. FRANKEL, S. FRIEDMAN, L. FROHLICH, G. FRUHBECK, J. FUENTES, Y. FUJIKI, N. FUJITA, Y. FUJIWARA, M. FUKUDA, S. FULDA, L. FURIC, N. FURUYA, C. FUSCO, M. GACK, L. GAFFKE, S. GALADARI, A. GALASSO, M. GALINDO, S. KANKANAMALAGE, L. GALLUZZI, V. GALY, N. GAMMOH, B. GAN, I. GANLEY, F. GAO, H. GAO, M. GAO, P. GAO, S. GAO, W. GAO, X. GAO, A. GARCERA, M. GARCIA, V. GARCIA, F. GARCIA-DEL PORTILLO, V. GARCIA-ESCUDERO, A. GARCIAGARCIA, M. GARCIA-MACIA, D. GARCIA-MORENO, C. GARCIA-RUIZ, P. GARCIA-SANZ, A. GARG, R. GARGINI, T. GAROFALO, R. GARRY, N. GASSEN, D. GATICA, L. GE, W. GE, R. GEISS-FRIEDLANDER, C. GELFI, P. GENSCHIK, I. GENTLE, V. GERBINO, C. GERHARDT, K. GERMAIN, M. GERMAIN, D. GEWIRTZ, E. AFSHAR, S. GHAVAMI, A. GHIGO, M. GHOSH, G. GIAMAS, C. GIAMPIETRI, A. GIATROMANOLAKI, G. GIBSON, S. GIBSON, V. GINET, E. GINIGER, C. GIORGI, H. GIRAO, S. GIRARDIN, M. GIRIDHARAN, S. GIULIANO, C. GIULIVI, S. GIURIATO, J. GIUSTINIANI, A. GLUSCHKO, V. GODER, A. GOGINASHVILI, J. GOLAB, D. GOLDSTONE, A. GOLEBIEWSKA, L. GOMES, R. GOMEZ, R. GOMEZ-SANCHEZ, M. GOMEZ-PUERTO, R. GOMEZ-SINTES, Q. GONG, F. GONI, J. GONZALEZ-GALLEGO, T. GONZALEZ-HERNANDEZ, R. GONZALEZ-POLO, J. GONZALEZ-REYES, P. GONZALEZ-RODRIGUEZ, I. GOPING, M. GORBATYUK, N. GORBUNOV, R. GOROJOD, S. GORSKI, S. GORUPPI, C. GOTOR, R. GOTTLIEB, I. GOZES, D. GOZUACIK, M. GRAEF, M. GRALER, V. GRANATIERO, D. GRASSO, J. GRAY, D. GREEN, A. GREENHOUGH, S. GREGORY, E. GRIFFIN, M. GRINSTAFF, F. GROS, C. GROSE, A. GROSS, F. GRUBER, P. GRUMATI, T. GRUNE, X. GU, J. GUAN, C. GUARDIA, K. GUDA, F. GUERRA, C. GUERRI, P. GUHA, C. GUILLEN, S. GUJAR, A. GUKOVSKAYA, I. GUKOVSKY, J. GUNST, A. GUNTHER, A. GUNTUR, C. GUO, H. GUO, L. GUO, M. GUO, P. GUPTA, A. FERNANDEZ, S. GUPTA, V. GUPTA, A. GUSTAFSSON, D. GUTTERMAN, H. RANJITHA, A. HAAPASALO, J. HABER, S. HADANO, A. HAFREN, M. HAIDAR, B. HALL, G. HALLDEN, A. HAMACHER-BRADY, A. HAMANN, M. HAMASAKI, W. HAN, M. HANSEN, P. HANSON, Z. HAO, M. HARADA, L. 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REN, T. RENAULT, G. RENGA, K. REUE, K. REWITZ, B. RAMOS, S. RIAZUDDIN, T. RIBEIRO-RODRIGUES, J. RICCI, R. RICCI, V. RICCIO, D. RICHARDSON, Y. RIKIHISA, M. RISBUD, R. RISUENO, K. RITIS, S. RIZZA, R. RIZZUTO, H. ROBERTS, L. ROBERTS, K. ROBINSON, M. ROCCHERI, S. ROCCHI, G. RODNEY, T. RODRIGUES, V. SILVA, A. RODRIGUEZ, R. RODRIGUEZ-BARRUECO, N. RODRIGUEZ-HENCHE, H. RODRIGUEZ-ROCHA, J. ROELOFS, R. ROGERS, V. ROGOV, A. ROJO, K. ROLKA, V. ROMANELLO, L. ROMANI, A. ROMANO, P. ROMANO, D. ROMEO-GUITART, L. ROMERO, M. ROMERO, J. RONEY, C. RONGO, S. ROPERTO, M. ROSENFELDT, P. ROSENSTIEL, A. ROSENWALD, K. ROTH, L. ROTH, S. ROTH, K. ROUSCHOP, B. ROUSSEL, S. ROUX, P. ROVERE-QUERINI, A. ROY, A. ROZIERES, D. RUANO, D. RUBINSZTEIN, M. RUBTSOVA, K. RUCKDESCHEL, C. RUCKENSTUHL, E. RUDOLF, R. RUDOLF, A. RUGGIERI, A. RUPARELIA, P. RUSMINI, R. RUSSELL, G. RUSSO, M. RUSSO, R. RUSSO, O. RYABAYA, K. RYAN, K. RYU, M. SABATER-ARCIS, U. SACHDEV, M. SACHER, C. SACHSE, A. SADHU, J. SADOSHIMA, N. SAFREN, P. SAFTIG, A. SAGONA, G. SAHAY, A. SAHEBKAR, M. SAHIN, O. SAHIN, S. SAHNI, N. SAITO, S. SAITO, T. SAITO, R. SAKAI, Y. SAKAI, J. SAKAMAKI, K. SAKSELA, G. SALAZAR, A. SALAZAR-DEGRACIA, G. SALEKDEH, A. SALUJA, B. SAMPAIO-MARQUES, M. SANCHEZ, J. SANCHEZ-ALCAZAR, V. SANCHEZ-VERA, V. SANCHO-SHIMIZU, J. SANDERSON, M. SANDRI, S. SANTAGUIDA, L. SANTAMBROGIO, M. SANTANA, G. SANTONI, A. SANZ, P. SANZ, S. SARAN, M. SARDIELLO, T. SARGEANT, A. SARIN, C. SARKAR, S. SARKAR, M. SARRIAS, D. SARMAH, J. SARPARANTA, A. SATHYANARAYAN, R. SATHYANARAYANAN, K. SCAGLIONE, F. SCATOZZA, L. SCHAEFER, Z. SCHAFER, U. SCHAIBLE, A. SCHAPIRA, M. SCHARL, H. SCHATZL, C. SCHEIN, W. SCHEPER, D. SCHEURING, M. SCHIAFFINO, M. SCHIAPPACASSI, R. SCHINDL, U. SCHLATTNER, O. SCHMIDT, R. SCHMITT, S. SCHMIDT, I. SCHMITZ, E. SCHMUKLER, A. SCHNEIDER, B. SCHNEIDER, R. SCHOBER, A. SCHOIJET, M. SCHOTT, M. SCHRAMM, B. SCHRODER, K. SCHUH, C. SCHULLER, R. SCHULZE, L. SCHURMANNS, J. SCHWAMBORN, M. SCHWARTEN, F. SCIALO, S. SCIARRETTA, M. SCOTT, K. SCOTTO, A. SCOVASSI, A. SCRIMA, A. SCRIVO, D. SEBASTIAN, S. SEBTI, S. SEDEJ, L. SEGATORI, N. SEGEV, P. SEGLEN, I. SEILIEZ, E. SEKI, S. SELLECK, F. SELLKE, A. PEREZ-LARA, J. SELSBY, M. SENDTNER, S. SENTURK, E. SERANOVA, C. SERGI, R. SERRA-MORENO, H. SESAKI, C. SETTEMBRE, S. SETTY, G. SGARBI, O. SHA, J. SHACKA, J. SHAH, D. SHANG, C. SHAO, F. SHAO, S. SHARBATI, L. SHARKEY, D. SHARMA, G. SHARMA, K. SHARMA, P. SHARMA, S. SHARMA, H. SHEN, J. SHEN, M. SHEN, W. SHEN, Z. SHEN, R. SHENG, Z. SHENG, J. SHI, X. SHI, Y. SHI, K. SHIBA-FUKUSHIMA, J. SHIEH, Y. SHIMADA, S. SHIMIZU, M. SHIMOZAWA, T. SHINTANI, C. SHOEMAKER, S. SHOJAEI, I. SHOJI, B. SHRAVAGE, V. SHRIDHAR, C. SHU, H. SHU, K. SHUI, A. SHUKLA, T. SHUTT, V. SICA, A. SIDDIQUI, A. SIERRA, V. SIERRA-TORRE, S. SIGNORELLI, P. SIL, B. SILVA, J. SILVA, E. SILVA-PAVEZ, S. SILVENTE-POIROT, R. SIMMONDS, A. SIMON, H. SIMON, M. SIMONS, A. SINGH, L. SINGH, R. SINGH, S. SINGH, D. SINHA, R. SINHA, S. SINHA, A. SIRKO, K. SIROHI, E. SIVRIDIS, P. SKENDROS, A. SKIRYCZ, I. SLANINOVA, S. SMAILI, A. SMERTENKO, M. SMITH, S. SOENEN, E. SOHN, S. SOK, G. SOLAINI, T. SOLDATI, S. SOLEIMANPOUR, R. SOLER, A. SOLOVCHENKO, J. SOMARELLI, A. SONAWANE, F. SONG, H. SONG, J. SONG, K. SONG, Z. SONG, L. SORIA, M. SORICE, A. SOUKAS, S. SOUKUP, D. SOUSA, N. SOUSA, P. SPAGNUOLO, S. SPECTOR, M. BHARATH, D. ST CLAIR, V. STAGNI, L. STAIANO, C. STALNECKER, M. STANKOV, P. STATHOPULOS, K. STEFAN, S. STEFAN, L. STEFANIS, J. STEFFAN, A. STEINKASSERER, H. STENMARK, J. STERNECKERT, C. STEVENS, V. STOKA, S. STORCH, B. STORK, F. STRAPPAZZON, A. STROHECKER, D. STUPACK, H. SU, L. SU, A. SUAREZFONTES, C. SUBAUSTE, S. SUBBIAN, P. SUBIRADA, G. SUDHANDIRAN, C. SUE, X. SUI, C. SUMMERS, G. SUN, J. SUN, K. SUN, M. SUN, Q. SUN, Y. SUN, Z. SUN, K. SUNAHARA, E. SUNDBERG, K. SUSZTAK, P. SUTOVSKY, H. SUZUKI, G. SWEENEY, J. SYMONS, S. SZE, N. SZEWCZYK, C. TABOLACCI, F. TACKE, H. TAEGTMEYER, M. TAFANI, M. TAGAYA, H. TAI, S. TAIT, Y. TAKAHASHI, S. TAKATS, P. TALWAR, C. TAM, S. TAM, D. TAMPELLINI, A. TAMURA, C. TAN, E. TAN, Y. TAN, M. TANAKA, D. TANG, J. TANG, T. TANG, I. TANIDA, Z. TAO, M. TAOUIS, L. TATENHORST, N. TAVERNARAKIS, A. TAYLOR, G. TAYLOR, J. TAYLOR, E. TCHETINA, A. TEE, I. TEGEDER, D. TEIS, N. TEIXEIRA, F. TEIXEIRA-CLERC, K. TEKIRDAG, T. TENCOMNAO, S. TENREIRO, A. TEPIKIN, P. TESTILLANO, G. TETTAMANTI, P. THARAUX, K. THEDIECK, A. THEKKINGHAT, S. THELLUNG, J. THINWA, V. THIRUMALAIKUMAR, S. THOMAS, P. THOMES, A. THORBURN, L. THUKRAL, T. THUM, M. THUMM, L. TIAN, A. TICHY, A. TILL, V. TIMMERMAN, V. TITORENKO, S. TODI, K. TODOROVA, J. TOIVONEN, L. TOMAIPITINCA, D. TOMAR, C. TOMAS-ZAPICO, B. TONG, C. TONG, X. TONG, S. TOOZE, M. TORGERSEN, S. TORII, L. TORRES-LOPEZ, A. TORRIGLIA, C. TOWERS, R. TOWNS, S. TOYOKUNI, V. TRAJKOVIC, D. TRAMONTANO, Q. TRAN, L. TRAVASSOS, C. TRELFORD, S. TREMEL, I. TROUGAKOS, B. TSAO, M. TSCHAN, H. TSE, T. TSE, H. TSUGAWA, A. TSVETKOV, D. TUMBARELLO, Y. TUMTAS, M. TUNON, S. TURCOTTE, B. TURK, V. TURK, B. TURNER, R. TUXWORTH, J. TYLER, E. TYUTEREVA, Y. UCHIYAMA, A. UGUNKLUSEK, H. UHLIG, I. ULASOV, M. UMEKAWA, C. UNGERMANN, R. UNNO, S. URBE, E. URIBE-CARRETERO, S. USTUN, V. UVERSKY, T. VACCARI, M. VACCARO, B. VAHSEN, H. VAKIFAHMETOGLU-NORBERG, R. VALDOR, M. VALENTE, A. VALKO, R. VALLEE, A. VALVERDE, G. VAN DEN BERGHE, S. VAN DER VEEN, L. VAN KAER, J. VAN LOOSDREGT, S. VAN WIJK, W. VANDENBERGHE, I. VANHOREBEEK, M. VANNIER-SANTOS, N. VANNINI, M. VANRELL, C. VANTAGGIATO, G. VARANO, I. VARELA-NIETO, M. VARGA, M. VASCONCELOS, S. VATS, D. VAVVAS, I. VEGANAREDO, S. VEGA-RUBIN-DE-CELIS, G. VELASCO, A. VELAZQUEZ, T. VELLAI, E. VELLENGA, F. VELOTTI, M. VERDIER, P. VERGINIS, I. VERGNE, P. VERKADE, M. VERMA, P. VERSTREKEN, T. VERVLIET, J. VERVOORTS, A. VESSONI, V. VICTOR, M. VIDAL, C. VIDONI, O. VIEIRA, R. VIERSTRA, S. VIGANO, H. VIHINEN, V. VIJAYAN, M. VILA, M. VILAR, J. VILLALBA, A. VILLALOBO, B. VILLAREJO-ZORI, F. VILLARROYA, J. VILLARROYA, O. VINCENT, C. VINDIS, C. VIRET, M. VISCOMI, D. VISNJIC, I. VITALE, D. VOCADLO, O. VOITSEKHOVSKAJA, C. VOLONTE, M. VOLTA, M. VOMERO, C. VON HAEFEN, M. VOOIJS, W. VOOS, L. VUCICEVIC, R. WADE-MARTINS, S. WAGURI, K. WAITE, S. WAKATSUKI, D. WALKER, M. WALKER, S. WALKER, J. WALTER, F. WANDOSELL, B. WANG, C. WANG, D. WANG, F. WANG, G. WANG, H. WANG, J. WANG, K. WANG, L. WANG, M. WANG, N. WANG, P. WANG, Q. WANG, W. WANG, X. WANG, Y. WANG, Z. WANG, G. WARNES, V. WARNSMANN, H. WATADA, E. WATANABE, M. WATCHON, T. WEAVER, G. WEGRZYN, A. WEHMAN, H. WEI, L. WEI, T. WEI, Y. WEI, O. WEIERGRABER, C. WEIHL, G. WEINDL, R. WEISKIRCHEN, A. WELLS, R. WEN, X. WEN, A. WERNER, B. WEYKOPF, S. WHEATLEY, J. WHITTON, A. WHITWORTH, K. WIKTORSKA, M. WILDENBERG, T. WILEMAN, S. WILKINSON, D. WILLBOLD, B. WILLIAMS, R. WILLIAMS, P. WILLIAMSON, R. WILSON, B. WINNER, N. WINSOR, S. WITKIN, H. WODRICH, U. WOEHLBIER, T. WOLLERT, E. WONG, J. WONG, R. WONG, V. WONG, W. WONG, A. WU, C. WU, J. WU, K. WU, M. WU, S. WU, W. WU, X. WU, Y. WU, R. XAVIER, H. XIA, L. XIA, Z. XIA, G. XIANG, J. XIANG, M. XIANG, W. XIANG, B. XIAO, G. XIAO, H. XIAO, J. XIAO, L. XIAO, S. XIAO, Y. XIAO, B. XIE, C. XIE, M. XIE, Y. XIE, Z. XIE, M. XILOURI, C. XU, E. XU, H. XU, J. XU, L. XU, W. XU, X. XU, Y. XUE, S. YAKHINE-DIOP, M. YAMAGUCHI, O. YAMAGUCHI, A. YAMAMOTO, S. YAMASHINA, S. YAN, Z. YAN, Y. YANAGI, C. YANG, D. YANG, H. YANG, J. YANG, L. YANG, M. YANG, P. YANG, Q. YANG, S. YANG, W. YANG, X. YANG, Y. YANG, H. YAO, S. YAO, X. YAO, Y. YAO, T. YASUI, M. YAZDANKHAH, P. YEN, C. YI, X. YIN, Y. YIN, Z. YIN, M. YING, Z. YING, C. YIP, S. YIU, Y. YOO, K. YOSHIDA, S. YOSHII, T. YOSHIMORI, B. YOUSEFI, B. YU, H. YU, J. YU, L. YU, M. YU, S. YU, V. YU, W. YU, Z. YU, J. YUAN, L. YUAN, S. YUAN, Y. YUAN, Z. YUAN, J. YUE, Z. YUE, J. YUN, R. YUNG, D. ZACKS, G. ZAFFAGNINI, V. ZAMBELLI, I. ZANELLA, Q. ZANG, S. ZANIVAN, S. ZAPPAVIGNA, P. ZARAGOZA, K. ZARBALIS, A. ZAREBKOHAN, A. ZARROUK, S. ZEITLIN, J. ZENG, E. ZEROVNIK, L. ZHAN, B. ZHANG, D. ZHANG, H. ZHANG, J. ZHANG, K. ZHANG, L. ZHANG, M. ZHANG, P. ZHANG, S. ZHANG, W. ZHANG, X. ZHANG, Y. ZHANG, Z. ZHANG, H. ZHAO, L. ZHAO, S. ZHAO, T. ZHAO, X. ZHAO, Y. ZHAO, G. ZHENG, K. ZHENG, L. ZHENG, S. ZHENG, X. ZHENG, Y. ZHENG, Z. ZHENG, B. ZHIVOTOVSKY, Q. ZHONG, A. ZHOU, B. ZHOU, C. ZHOU, G. ZHOU, H. ZHOU, J. ZHOU, K. ZHOU, R. ZHOU, X. ZHOU, Y. ZHOU, Z. ZHOU, B. ZHU, C. ZHU, G. ZHU, H. ZHU, W. ZHU, Y. ZHU, H. ZHUANG, X. ZHUANG, K. ZIENTARA-RYTTER, C. ZIMMERMANN, E. ZIVIANI, T. ZOLADEK, W. ZONG, D. ZOROV, A. ZORZANO, W. ZOU, Z. ZOU, S. ZURYN, W. ZWERSCHKE, B. BRAND-SABERI, C. KENCHAPPA, S. OSHIMA, Y. RONG, J. SLUIMER, and C. STALLINGS

Subjects
flux, macroautophagy, phagophore, stress, vacuole, Autophagosome, LC3, lysosome, neurodegeneration, cancer
Abstract

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

Published
2021

28. Mutual coherent structures for heat and angular momentum transport in turbulent Taylor-Couette flows

Author

X.-Y. Leng and J.-Q. Zhong

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Modeling and Simulation, Computational Mechanics, Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

In this study we report numerical results of turbulent transport of heat $Nu$ and angular momentum $\nu_{t}/\nu$ in Taylor-Couette (TC) flows subjected to a radial temperature gradient. Direct numerical simulations are performed in a TC cell with a radius ratio $\eta=0.5$ and an aspect ratio $\Gamma=8$ for two Rayleigh numbers ($Ra=10^5$, $10^6$) and two Prandtl numbers ($Pr=0.7$, $4.38$), while the Reynolds number $Re$ varies in the range of $0 \le Re \le 15000$. With increasing $Re$, the flows undergo two distinct transitions: the first transition being from the convection-dominated regime to the transitional regime, with the large-scale meridional circulation evolving into spiral vortices; the second transition occurring in the rotation-dominated regime when Taylor vortices turn from a weakly non-linear state into a turbulent state. In particular, when the flows are governed by turbulent Taylor vortices, we find that both transport processes exhibit power-law scaling: $Nu\sim Re^{0.619\pm0.015}$ for $Pr=4.38$, $Nu\sim Re^{0.590\pm0.025}$ for $Pr=0.7$ and $\nu_{t}/\nu\sim Re^{0.588\pm0.036}$ for both $Pr$.These scaling exponents suggest an analogous mechanism for the radial transport of heat and angular momentum, which is further evidenced by the fact that the ratio of turbulent viscosity to diffusivity is independent of $Re$. To illustrate the underlying mechanism of turbulent transport, we extract the coherent structures by analyzing the spatial distributions of heat and momentum flux densities. Our results reveal mutual turbulent structures through which both heat and angular momentum are transported efficiently., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures

Published
2021
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29. Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Continuous Nursing Effect on Functional Improvement of Elderly Stroke Patients

Author

X. Q. Zhong, X. L. Luo, Y. L. Luo, Z. R. Zhang, and Y. Jiang

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Stroke patient, business.industry, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Cognition, Traditional Chinese medicine, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nursing, Test score, medicine, Upper limb, business, Stroke
Abstract

To evaluate the effect of traditional Chinese medicine continuous nursing on the functional improvement of elderly stroke patients. A total of 85 cases of elderly stroke patients admitted to the department of neurology of our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, the selected cases were divided into two groups, the control group (42 cases) received routine discharge nursing and the study group (43 cases) received traditional Chinese medicine continuous nursing on the basis of the control group. The cognitive function, neurological function, social function and motor function were compared between the two groups. Compared with those before intervention, the scores of Montreal cognitive assessment scale in the two groups were significantly increased after the intervention (p

Published
2021

31. PDB28 Innovative Application of a Mobile APP for Gestational Diabetes Health Education in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic and BIG DATA

Author

D. Hao, Q. Zhong, Q. Chen, T. Liu, G. Feng, F. Huang, Wai-Kit Ming, T. Jian, and N. Yan

Subjects
Medical education, business.industry, Health Policy, education, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Context (language use), medicine.disease, Flipped classroom, Gestational diabetes, Health promotion, Health care, medicine, The Internet, Health education, business, Psychology, Knowledge transfer
Abstract

Objectives: In the integrated management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), health education plays an important role and directly affects patients' blood glucose level control, pregnancies, and neonatal outcomes. The rapid growth of the internet has ushered in an era of big data and the rational use of the internet. Meanwhile, due to the COVID-19 epidemic, onsite education has been forced to adapt to online programs, including the health education of GDM. Methods: We developed an innovative mobile application (app) that combines a teaching model of the flipped classroom and GDM management, which allows pregnant women to learn knowledge about GDM and prevent GDM to a certain degree. It turns passive learners into active learners, leads them to preview before class, and takes the lead in the classroom, mobilizing learners' enthusiasm to achieve good teaching results. Results: The implementation of the online gestational diabetes flipped classroom is an innovative attempt in this field. The described approach is especially relevant in the context of the ongoing global pandemic, accelerates knowledge transfer, improves patients' learning motivation, has a health promotion effect, and boosts patients' self-management efficiency. This app can overcome the treatment barriers for those patients that cannot go to the hospital, enhance health promotion efforts, and improve GDM management. Mobile healthcare promotes doctor-patient interaction, facilitates the monitoring of and feedback on conditions, and facilitates the adjustment of patient treatment plans. Conclusions: This model of combining gestational diabetes health education with a mobile app is an exemplary approach now, and it can be promoted to other disciplines.

Published
2021

33. Hierarchical Construction of Higher-Order Exceptional Points

Author

Q. Zhong, Sahin Kaya Ozdemir, Ramy El-Ganainy, and J. Kou

Subjects
Coupling, Fabrication, business.industry, Computer science, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Topology, 01 natural sciences, Resonator, Orders of magnitude (time), 0103 physical sciences, Resilience (materials science), Sensitivity (control systems), Photonics, 010306 general physics, business, Realization (systems), Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract

The realization of higher-order exceptional points (HOEPs) can lead to orders of magnitude enhancement in light-matter interactions beyond the current fundamental limits. Unfortunately, implementing HOEPs in the existing schemes is a rather difficult task, due to the complexity and sensitivity to fabrication imperfections. Here we introduce a hierarchical approach for engineering photonic structures having HOEPs that are easier to build and more resilient to experimental uncertainties. We demonstrate our technique by an example that involves parity-time (PT) symmetric optical microring resonators with chiral coupling among the internal optical modes of each resonator. Interestingly, we find that the uniform coupling profile is not required to achieve HOEPs in this system -- a feature that implies the emergence of HOEPs from disorder and provides resilience against some fabrication errors. Our results are confirmed by using full-wave simulations based on Maxwell's equation in realistic optical material systems.

Published
2020

34. MiR-808 inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis and expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in rats with myocardial infarction by regulating TGF-β1 signaling pathway

Author

J-W, Zhang, T-Y, Long, W, Pan, Q-Q, Zhong, Z-X, Qian, and R, Jing

Subjects
Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Transforming Growth Factor beta1, MicroRNAs, Caspase 3, Myocardial Infarction, Animals, Apoptosis, Female, Myocytes, Cardiac, Caspase 9, Rats, Signal Transduction
Abstract

To investigate the effects of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-808 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in rats with myocardial infarction (MI) by regulating the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathway.A total of 24 specific pathogen-free female Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled and randomly divided into normal group, model group, and miR-808 group, 8 rats in each group. In the model group and miR-808 group, MI model was prepared by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in the rats. The miR-808 group was transfected with miR-808 lentivirus after the model was established. After one week of intervention, the expression of TGF-β1 was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The cardiac function of rats was determined by echocardiography. The myocardium of rats was observed by Masson staining. The cardiomyocyte apoptosis of rats was examined by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were detected by Western blotting.The expression of TGF-β1 mRNA was higher in the model group than that in the normal group (p0.05), but compared with that in the model group, it was lower in the miR-808 group. The myocardial function and cardiomyocyte survival rate in the miR-808 group was better and higher than those in the model group (p0.05). The expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the miR-808 group were lower than those in the model group (p0.05).MiR-808 can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats with MI by down-regulating TGF-β1 expression and inhibiting the expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-9.

Published
2020

35. LncRNA H19 inhibitor represses synovial cell proliferation and apoptosis in rats with rheumatoid arthritis via Notch signaling pathway

Author

L-Q, Zhi, Q, Zhong, J-B, Ma, L, Xiao, S-X, Yao, and X, Wang

Abstract

To study the roles and underlying mechanisms of long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) H19 in the synovial cell proliferation and apoptosis in rats with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Control group and Model group. The rat model of RA was induced by using type II collagen in Model group. The primary synovial cells were isolated from the synovial tissues of the rats and were assigned into Control group, Model group, and lncRNA H19 inhibitor intervention group. 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining was applied to detect cell proliferation in each group. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was employed to determine the cell apoptosis in each group. Western blotting assay was adopted to measure the expression levels of Notch1 and hairy/enhancer of split-1 (Hes1) in each group of cells.The RA score of the Model group was higher than that of the Control group. Compared to the Control group, the expression of lncRNA H19, Notch, and Hes1 of the synovial cells in the Model group were significantly elevated. Besides, the cell proliferation rate of the Model was also increased, while the cell apoptosis rate was decreased compared with those in the Control group. Moreover, in comparison with Model group, lncRNA H19 inhibitor intervention group exhibited a lowered lncRNA H19 level, remarkably reduced cell proliferation rate and protein levels of Notch1 and Hes1, as well as notably raised cell apoptosis rate.Our results indicated that lncRNA H19 inhibitor could repress the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of synovial cells in RA rats, which might be attributed to the inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway.

Published
2020

36. Periodic Fast Radio Bursts as a Probe of Extragalactic Asteroid Belts

Author

Z. G. Dai and S. Q. Zhong

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fast radio burst, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Radius, Orbital period, 01 natural sciences, Power law, Neutron star, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Asteroid, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The periodic activity of repeating fast radio burst (FRB) 180916.J0158+65 was recently reported by the CHIME/FRB Collaboration team. 28 bursts from this source not only show a $\sim16$-day period with an active phase of $\sim 4.0$ days but also exhibit a broken power law in differential energy distribution. In this paper, we suggest that FRB 180916.J0158+65-like periodic FRBs would provide a unique probe of extragalactic asteroid belts (EABs), based on our previously-proposed pulsar-EAB impact model, in which repeating FRBs arise from an old-aged, slowly-spinning, moderately-magnetized pulsar traveling through an EAB around another stellar-mass object. These two objects form a binary and thus the observed period is in fact the orbital period. We show that this model can be used to well interpret all of the observed data of FRB 180916.J0158+65. Furthermore, we constrain the EAB's physical properties and find that (1) the outer radius of the EAB is at least an order of magnitude smaller than that of its analogue in the solar system, (2) the differential size distribution of the EAB's asteroids at small diameters (large diameters) is shallower (steeper) than that of solar-system small objects, and (3) the two belts have a comparable mass., 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters

Published
2020

37. Control of spontaneous emission dynamics in microcavities with chiral exceptional surfaces

Author

Ali Hashemi, Sahin Kaya Ozdemir, Ramy El-Ganainy, and Q. Zhong

Subjects
Physics, 0303 health sciences, Fold (higher-order function), Dynamics (mechanics), Physics::Optics, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Optical microcavity, Molecular physics, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Spontaneous emission, 010306 general physics, 030304 developmental biology, Quantum emitter, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

We investigate spontaneous emission from a quantum emitter located within the mode volume of a microring resonator that features chiral exceptional points. We show that this configuration offers enough degrees of freedom to exhibit a full control to either enhance or suppress the emission process. Particularly, we demonstrate that the Purcell factor can be enhanced by a factor of two beyond its value in an identical microring operating at a diabolic point. Our conclusions, which are derived using a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian formalism, are confirmed by employing full-wave simulations of realistic photonic structures and materials. Our results offer a straightforward route to improve the performance of single photon sources using current photonics technology without the need for building optical resonators with ultrahigh quality factors or nanoscale volumes.

Published
2020
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38. Fast-ion velocity-space tomography using slowing-down regularization in EAST plasmas with co- and counter-current neutral beam injection

Author

J. F. Chang, L. Y. Liao, J.X. Su, Qing Zang, Yu Li, L. Z. Liang, D. Yang, Jia Fu, J. F. Wang, Z. P. Luo, M. Nocente, J. Q. Sun, Luke Stagner, G. Q. Zhong, Mirko Salewski, Y. M. Zhang, Tieshuan Fan, Hulin Liu, B. Madsen, H. Järleblad, Per Christian Hansen, Bo Lyu, Jinhui Jeanne Huang, Dmitry Moseev, East Team, T, Madsen, B, Huang, J, Salewski, M, Jarleblad, H, Hansen, P, Stagner, L, Su, J, Chang, J, Fu, J, Wang, J, Liang, L, Zhong, G, Li, Y, Lyu, B, Liu, H, Zang, Q, Luo, Z, Nocente, M, Moseev, D, Fan, T, Zhang, Y, Yang, D, Sun, J, and Liao, L

Subjects
Counter current, Slowing-down regularization, 01 natural sciences, slowing-down regularization, Fast-ion D-alpha spectroscopy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Velocity space, fast ion, Velocity-space tomography, fast ions, 010306 general physics, Physics, Fast ions, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Neutral beam injection, Computational physics, EAST tokamak, fast-ion D-alpha spectroscopy, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Regularization (physics), velocity-space tomography, Tomography
Abstract

We demonstrate 2D reconstructions of the fast-ion velocity distribution from two-view fast-ion D-alpha (FIDA) measurements at the EAST tokamak. By expressing the distribution in a basis relying on the fast-ion slowing-down process in fusion plasmas, the smoothness and velocity-space resolution of reconstructions are improved. We reconstruct distributions of fast ions born from simultaneous co- and counter-current neutral beam injection and detect the expected distinct change in fast-ion birth pitch when comparing discharges utilizing different neutral beam injectors. For purely co-current injection, we find a good agreement between TRANSP-predicted and reconstructed fast-ion densities, pressures and current densities for energies above 20 keV. We furthermore illustrate the improvement of the reconstructed high-energy range (> 40 keV) of the distribution by combining FIDA with neutron emission spectroscopy measurements with the compact single-plate EJ301 scintillator.

Published
2020

39. Exceptional-point-based optical amplifiers

Author

Ramy El-Ganainy, Sahin Kaya Ozdemir, Q. Zhong, Alexander Eisfeld, and A. Metelmann

Subjects
Exceptional point, Computer science, optical parametric oscillators, Physical system, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, PT-symmetry, 01 natural sciences, chiral symmetry, optical microcavities, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, Figure of merit, Dynamics on nanoscale systems, 010306 general physics, Design paradigm, Scaling, Optical amplifier, Chiral symmetry, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, topological effects in photonic systems, optical parametric amplifiers, Product (mathematics), microcavity, microdisk lasers, 0210 nano-technology, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract

The finite gain-bandwidth product is a fundamental figure of merit that restricts the operation of standard optical amplifiers. In microcavity setups, this becomes a serious problem due to the narrow bandwidth of the device. Here we introduce a new design paradigm based on exceptional points, that relaxes this limitation and allows for building a new generation of optical amplifiers that exhibits better gain-bandwidth scaling relations. Importantly, our results can be extended to other physical systems such as acoustics and microwaves.

Published
2020

40. Coherent virtual absorption of light in microring resonators

Author

Tsampikos Kottos, L. Simonson, Q. Zhong, and Ramy El-Ganainy

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Physics::Optics, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Signal, 010309 optics, Resonator, Robustness (computer science), 0103 physical sciences, Waveform, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 010306 general physics, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Energy (signal processing), Leakage (electronics), Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

Light trapping and radiation process from linear reciprocal photonic resonators is one of the fundamental processes in optical science and engineering. Recently, the concept of coherent virtual absorption (CVA) of light was introduced and investigated for planar and cylindrical optical structures. The key feature of CVA is that by engineering the time-dependence of the excitation waveform, one can temporarily store all the input energy into the optical structure without any leakage. Here we further explore this novel concept in integrated photonic setups made of microring resonators. By using coupled-mode theory (CMT), we derive an analytical expression for CVA in this platform. This in turn allows us to make the connection with the notion of coherent perfect absorption (CPA) as well as extending our analysis to active resonators (having optical gain). We next provide a physical insight into this process by using a simple model made of cascaded beam splitters. Importantly, we confirm our results using a full-wave analysis of realistic material systems. Finally, we discuss the limitation on the CVA process due to waveform mismatch and nonlinear effects.

Published
2020
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41. Observation of significant Doppler shift in deuterium-deuterium neutron energy caused by neutral beam injection in the large helical device

Author

S. Sangaroon, K. Ogawa, M. Isobe, M. I. Kobayashi, Y. Fujiwara, S. Kamio, H. Yamaguchi, R. Seki, H. Nuga, E. Takada, S. Murakami, G. Q. Zhong, and M. Osakabe

Subjects
Large helical device, Liquid scintillator, Compact neutron emission spectrometer, Neutral beam heating, General Medicine, Nuclear Experiment, Doppler effect
Abstract

The compact neutron emission spectrometer (CNES) having a tangential sightline was installed to observe a significant Doppler shift of the neutron energy due to the high-energy tangential neutral beam (NB) injections in the Large Helical Device (LHD) for understanding of the energy distribution of fast-ion. The CNES is based on a 1-inch diameter and 1-inch height EJ301 liquid scintillator coupled with a conventional 1-inch photomultiplier tube. The histogram of the integrated pulse signal (Qtotal) during different NBs heating phases measured by the CNES shows that the edge of Qtotal changes depending on NB directions. Using the simple derivative unfolding technique, the neutron energy spectra were unfolded from the measured Qtotal histogram. Peaks of the neutron energy shift to 2.0 MeV, 2.42 MeV, and 3.0 MeV according to the injection direction of NBs. The obtained neutron energy is almost consistent with the virgin deuterium-deuterium neutron energy evaluated by the simple two-body kinematics considering the sightline of CNES, NB injection angle, and NB injection energy.

Published
2022

42. Research on heavy oil gas lift assisted with light oil injected from the annulus

Author

H. Q. Zhong, Fuxiang Zhang, W. G. Zeng, X. L. Wang, and Zhu Suyang

Subjects
Gas lift, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, lcsh:Petrology, Experiment, 020401 chemical engineering, law, 0204 chemical engineering, Pilot test, lcsh:Petroleum refining. Petroleum products, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pressure drop, Light crude oil, Petroleum engineering, Annulus (oil well), Multiphase flow, lcsh:QE420-499, Heavy oil, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Technological design, Lift (force), General Energy, Gas lift assisted with light oil, Oil well, Pressure–temperature coupling, lcsh:TP690-692.5, Heat transfer
Abstract

An experimental study on the multiphase flow of heavy oil gas lift was conducted on 18.25 m high vertical tube. Based on the experimental results and the wellbore heat transfer mechanism, a coupling model of wellbore pressure–temperature gradients was presented for the gas lift with light oil injected from the annulus. Moreover, the solution of coupling annulus flow with tubing flow was also established through cyclic iteration. Experimental results showed that gas injection enables heavy oil and light oil to mix rapidly and completely. Evaluation of pressure drop models shows that the error of the Ansari model is approximately 12.12%, by comparison it is the least. A novel method of gas lift assisted with light oil from the annulus was proposed to solve the actual situation wherein heavy oil cannot be easily lifted from the wellbore at Tuyuke Block in Tuha Oilfield. An instance design based on the sensitivity analysis of the gas injection rate and diluting rate was also completed. The instance design shows that the productivity of heavy oil well can be significantly improved using gas lift and blending diluting oil technology. In order to verify the feasibility and effect of gas lift assisted with light oil in heavy oil well, a pilot test was implemented in Tahe Oilfield, Xinjiang, China. The results of pilot test show clearly that the daily production rate increased from 11.6 to 38 t/day, and the ratio of light oil with heavy oil decreased from 11:1 to 4:1. From the above, gas injection can significantly reduce the usage of light oil needed, and gas lift assisted with light oil injected from the bottom hole can significantly enhance the productivity of heavy oil wells.

Published
2018

43. Risk factors for imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in neonatal intensive care units in south China

Author

X M Zhong, X N Pan, Y P Jia, J Yang, B Cao, D M Chen, J J Zhong, Y B Rao, B Y Yang, Q Zhong, P M Gao, and Z X Ren

Subjects
Male, Microbiology (medical), China, medicine.medical_specialty, Imipenem, 030501 epidemiology, Logistic regression, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Internal medicine, Intensive care, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Hospital-acquired infection, medicine, Humans, Pseudomonas Infections, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Medical record, Infant, Newborn, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, Case-Control Studies, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Female, 0305 other medical science, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Summary This multi-centre retrospective study was designed to investigate the risk factors for infection with imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in south China. All patients with confirmed P. aeruginosa infection from eight NICUs in south China were divided into two groups: imipenem-susceptible P. aeruginosa and imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa . Data were analysed using Chi-squared test and logistic regression. In total, 188 medical records were reviewed. On multi-variate logistic analysis, the only independent risk factor was imipenem treatment within two weeks of isolation of P. aeruginosa (odds ratio 6.409, 95% confidence interval 1.926–21.333).

Published
2018

44. 1392P Submucosal versus subserosal approaches toward optimized indocyanine green tracer-guided lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer: A randomized clinical trial

Author

Q-Y. Chen, L-P. Zhuang, C. Huang, and Q. Zhong

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Cancer, Hematology, medicine.disease, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Oncology, Randomized controlled trial, chemistry, law, Medicine, Lymphadenectomy, Radiology, business, Indocyanine green
Published
2021

46. PIN41 The Public Health Implications of Google Trends and News Coverage for COVID-19 in the Early Epidemic Stage: A Multinational Study in Eight Countries

Author

F. Huang, G. Feng, T. Liu, Q. Chen, T. Jian, Q. Zhong, D. Hao, N. Yan, and W.K. Ming

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, medicine.medical_specialty, Economic growth, Geography, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Multinational corporation, Stage (stratigraphy), Health Policy, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine
Published
2021

47. Abstract P2-08-11: An orally bioavailable selective estrogen receptor downregulator

Author

Jiawang Liu, L Miele, Shanchun Guo, Q Zhong, T Wiese, Guangdi Wang, and S Zheng

Subjects
Cancer Research, Aromatase inhibitor, Fulvestrant, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Estrogen receptor, Cancer, Pharmacology, Antiestrogen, medicine.disease, Breast cancer, Oncology, Pharmacokinetics, Oral administration, Medicine, skin and connective tissue diseases, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Orally bioavailable selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) may offer greater systemic drug exposure, improved clinical efficacy, and more durable treatment outcome for breast cancer patients with disease progression following antiestrogen or aromatase inhibitor therapy. We report the design and synthesis of ZB716, a C-3 position boronic acid modified fulvestrant, which behaves as a steroidal SERD suitable for oral administration. ZB716 binds to ERa competitively at an IC50 of 4.1 nM as compared to 3.9 nM for fulvestrant, and it effectively downregulates ERa (IC50=12.7 nM) in both tamoxifen-sensitive (T47D) and tamoxifen-resistant (T47D/PKCa) breast cancer cells. It acts as an antiestrogen that exerts potent antiproliferative effects on tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/TamR, T47D/PKCa, and T47D/Y537S). When orally administered to mice, rats, and Beagle dogs, ZB716 demonstrates superior oral bioavailability in all animal-based pharmacokinetic studies when compared to fulvestrant administered by subcutaneous injection. More importantly, orally administered ZB716 was found to potently inhibit xenograft tumor growth in mice. These pre-clinical data strongly suggest that ZB716 is a promising SERD drug that could offer significant improvement over existing SERD regimen of Faslodex. ZB716 is being prepared in an IND application for phase 1 clinical trial in ER+, HER2- advanced breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Wang G, Liu J, Zheng S, Miele L, Wiese T, Zhong Q, Guo S. An orally bioavailable selective estrogen receptor downregulator [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-08-11.

Published
2017

48. Dose-volume Parameters of Pelvic Functional Bone Marrows Predict Acute Hematological Toxicities during Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Concurrent With or Without Cisplatin for Cervical/ Endometrial Cancer: A Prospective Ⅱ Study

Author

Yuling Liu, W. Deng, Z. Yu, D. Rao, L. Xiao, Q. Zhong, X. Ruan, Jie Chen, and Hao Chen

Subjects
Cisplatin, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Radiation, business.industry, Endometrial cancer, Urology, medicine.disease, Oncology, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Intensity modulated radiotherapy, business, Volume (compression), medicine.drug
Published
2020

49. 142P Prognostic analysis of patients with intra-abdominal infectious complications after laparoscopy and open radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A propensity score-matching analysis

Author

J-X. Lin, Q. Zhong, C-H. Zheng, Z-N. Huang, J-B. Wang, J-L. Lin, M. Lin, Q-Y. Chen, S-J. Que, W-W. Qiu, H-L. Zheng, C. Huang, Ping Li, R-H. Tu, J-W. Xie, J. Lu, and L-L. Cao

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Oncology, Radical gastrectomy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Propensity score matching, Medicine, Cancer, Hematology, business, Laparoscopy, medicine.disease, Surgery
Published
2020

50. Role of miR-579-3p in the development of squamous cell lung carcinoma and the regulatory mechanisms

Author

R-R, Wu, Q, Zhong, H-F, Liu, and S-B, Liu

Subjects
MicroRNAs, Lung Neoplasms, Cell Movement, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Humans, Apoptosis, Cell Line, Cell Proliferation
Abstract

The aim of this study was to explore the role of microRNA-579-3p (miR-579-3p) in the development of squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Our findings might provide new insights into the treatment of SCLC.Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the expression level of miR-579-3p in 30 pairs of CRC tissues and para-cancerous tissues. The relation between miR-579-3p expression and clinical features of SCLC patients was analyzed. MiR-579-3p expression in SCLC cells was further verified by qRT-PCR as well. In addition, the effects of miR-579-3p on the migration and invasion of SK-MES-1 cells were examined through the transwell assay.QRT-PCR results revealed for the first time that miR-579-3p was significantly down-regulated in SCLC tissues. This indicated that miR-579-3p was possibly involved in the development of SCLC. According to bioinformatics prediction websites and the luciferase activity assay, macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) was predicted and verified as the target gene of miR-579-3p. Transfection of miR-579-3p mimics significantly reduced the protein expression level of MSR1 in cells, eventually inhibiting the proliferation, invasion, and migration of SCLC cells.The miR-579-3p/MSR1 axis might be a novel regulatory pathway of apoptosis, which could be used as potential therapeutic sites in SCLC.

Published
2019

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