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1. Project overview and update on WEAVE: the next generation wide-field spectroscopy facility for the William Herschel Telescope

Author

Dalton, Gavin, Trager, Scott, Abrams, Don Carlos, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Middleton, Kevin, Benn, Chris, Dee, Kevin, Sayede, Frederic, Lewis, Ian, Pragt, Johannes, Pico, Sergio, Walton, Nic, Rey, Juerg, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Penate, Jose, Lhome, Emilie, Agocs, Tibor, Alonso, Jose, Terrett, David, Brock, Matthew, Gilbert, James, Ridings, Andy, Guinouard, Isabelle, Verheijen, Marc, Tosh, Ian, Rogers, Kevin, Steele, Iain, Stuik, Remko, Tromp, Neils, Jasko, Attila, Kragt, Jan, Lesman, Dirk, Mottram, Chris, Bates, Stuart, Gribbin, Frank, Rodriguez, Luis Fernando, Delgado, Jose Miguel, Martin, Carlos, Cano, Diego, Navarro, Ramon, Irwin, Mike, Lewis, Jim, Solares, Eduardo Gonzales, Mahony, Neil O, Bianco, Andrea, Zurita, Christina, ter Horst, Rik, Molinari, Emilio, Lodi, Marcello, Guerra, Jose, Vallenari, Antonella, and Baruffolo, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present an overview of and status report on the WEAVE next-generation spectroscopy facility for the William Herschel Telescope (WHT). WEAVE principally targets optical ground-based follow up of upcoming ground-based (LOFAR) and space-based (Gaia) surveys. WEAVE is a multi-object and multi-IFU facility utilizing a new 2-degree prime focus field of view at the WHT, with a buffered pick-and-place positioner system hosting 1000 multi-object (MOS) fibres, 20 integral field units, or a single large IFU for each observation. The fibres are fed to a single spectrograph, with a pair of 8k(spectral) x 6k (spatial) pixel cameras, located within the WHT GHRIL enclosure on the telescope Nasmyth platform, supporting observations at R~5000 over the full 370-1000nm wavelength range in a single exposure, or a high resolution mode with limited coverage in each arm at R~20000. The project is now in the final design and early procurement phase, with commissioning at the telescope expected in 2017., Comment: 11 pages, 11 Figures, Summary of a presentation to Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014

Published
2014
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2. 4MOST - 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope

Author

de Jong, Roelof S., Bellido-Tirado, Olga, Chiappini, Cristina, Depagne, Éric, Haynes, Roger, Johl, Diane, Schnurr, Olivier, Schwope, Axel, Walcher, Jakob, Dionies, Frank, Haynes, Dionne, Kelz, Andreas, Kitaura, Francisco S., Lamer, Georg, Minchev, Ivan, Müller, Volker, Nuza, Sebastián E., Olaya, Jean-Christophe, Piffl, Tilmann, Popow, Emil, Steinmetz, Matthias, Ural, Uğur, Williams, Mary, Winkler, Roland, Wisotzki, Lutz, Ansorgb, Wolfgang R., Banerji, Manda, Solares, Eduardo Gonzalez, Irwin, Mike, Kennicutt Jr, Robert C., King, David, McMahon, Richard, Koposov, Sergey, Parry, Ian R., Walton, Nicholas A., Finger, Gert, Iwert, Olaf, Krumpe, Mirko, Lizon, Jean-Louis, Vincenzo, Mainieri, Amans, Jean-Philippe, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Cohen, Mathieu, Francois, Patrick, Jagourel, Pascal, Mignot, Shan B., Royer, Frédéric, Sartoretti, Paola, Bender, Ralf, Grupp, Frank, Hess, Hans-Joachim, Lang-Bardl, Florian, Muschielok, Bernard, Böhringer, Hans, Boller, Thomas, Bongiorno, Angela, Brusa, Marcella, Dwelly, Tom, Merloni, Andrea, Nandra, Kirpal, Salvato, Mara, Pragt, Johannes H., Navarro, Ramón, Gerlofsma, Gerrit, Roelfsema, Ronald, Dalton, Gavin B., Middleton, Kevin F., Tosh, Ian A., Boeche, Corrado, Caffau, Elisabetta, Christlieb, Norbert, Grebel, Eva K., Hansen, Camilla, Koch, Andreas, Ludwig, Hans-G., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Sbordone, Luca, Seifert, Walter, Thimm, Guido, Trifonov, Trifon, Helmi, Amina, Trager, Scott C., Feltzing, Sofia, Korn, Andreas, and Boland, Wilfried

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The 4MOST consortium is currently halfway through a Conceptual Design study for ESO with the aim to develop a wide-field (>3 square degree, goal >5 square degree), high-multiplex (>1500 fibres, goal 3000 fibres) spectroscopic survey facility for an ESO 4m-class telescope (VISTA). 4MOST will run permanently on the telescope to perform a 5 year public survey yielding more than 20 million spectra at resolution R~5000 ({\lambda}=390-1000 nm) and more than 2 million spectra at R~20,000 (395-456.5 nm & 587-673 nm). The 4MOST design is especially intended to complement three key all-sky, space-based observatories of prime European interest: Gaia, eROSITA and Euclid. Initial design and performance estimates for the wide-field corrector concepts are presented. We consider two fibre positioner concepts, a well-known Phi-Theta system and a new R-Theta concept with a large patrol area. The spectrographs are fixed configuration two-arm spectrographs, with dedicated spectrographs for the high- and low-resolution. A full facility simulator is being developed to guide trade-off decisions regarding the optimal field-of-view, number of fibres needed, and the relative fraction of high-to-low resolution fibres. Mock catalogues with template spectra from seven Design Reference Surveys are simulated to verify the science requirements of 4MOST. The 4MOST consortium aims to deliver the full 4MOST facility by the end of 2018 and start delivering high-level data products for both consortium and ESO community targets a year later with yearly increments., Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical Instrumentation + Telescopes conference, Amsterdam, 2012. 15 pages, 16 figures

Published
2012
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3. Final design and progress of WEAVE

Author

Dalton, Gavin, Trager, Scott, Abrams, Don Carlos, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Middleton, Kevin, Benn, Chris, Dee, Kevin, Sayède, Frédéric, Lewis, Ian, Pragt, Johannes, Pico, Sergio, Walton, Nic, Rey, Jeurg, Allende Prieto, Carlos, Peñate, José, Lhome, Emilie, Agócs, Tibor, Alonso, José, Terrett, David, Brock, Matthew, Gilbert, James, Schallig, Ellen, Ridings, Andy, Guinouard, Isabelle, Verheijen, Marc, Tosh, Ian, Rogers, Kevin, Lee, Martin, Steele, Iain, Stuik, Remko, Tromp, Niels, Jaskó, Attila, Carrasco, Esperanza, Farcas, Szigfrid, Kragt, Jan, Lesman, Dirk, Kroes, Gabby, Mottram, Chris, Bates, Stuart, Rodriguez, Luis Fernando, Gribbin, Frank, Delgado, José Miguel, Herreros, José Miguel, Martin, Carlos, Cano, Diego, Navarro, Ramon, Irwin, Mike, Lewis, Jim, Gonzalez Solares, Eduardo, Murphy, David, Worley, Clare, Bassom, Richard, O'Mahoney, Neil, Bianco, Andrea, Zurita, Christina, ter Horst, Rik, Molinari, Emilio, Lodi, Marcello, Guerra, José, Martin, Adrian, Vallenari, Antonella, Salasnich, Bernardo, Baruffolo, Andrea, Jin, Shoko, Hill, Vanessa, Smith, Dan, Drew, Janet, Poggianti, Bianca, Pieri, Mat, Dominquez Palmero, Lillian, Farina, Cecilia, Evans, Christopher J, Simard, Luc, Takami, Hideki, Astronomy, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes (Spain), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique stellaire et galactique, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom), Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Liverpool John Moores University, Konkoly Observatory, Research Center for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE), Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Astrochemistry Group (INAF), INAF/TNG Fundación Galileo Galilei - Rambla José Ana Fernández Pérez, 7, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Hertfordshire [Hatfield] (UH), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITA, GBR, FRA, ESP, MEX, and NLD

Subjects
Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Field of view, First light, LOFAR, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, William Herschel Telescope, Aerospace engineering, business, Spectroscopy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph
Abstract

We present the Final Design of the WEAVE next-generation spectroscopy facility for the William Herschel Telescope (WHT), together with a status update on the details of manufacturing, integration and the overall project schedule now that all the major fabrication contracts are in place. We also present a summary of the current planning behind the 5-year initial phase of survey operations. WEAVE will provide optical ground-based follow up of ground-based (LOFAR) and space-based (Gaia) surveys. WEAVE is a multi-object and multi-IFU facility utilizing a new 2-degree prime focus field of view at the WHT, with a buffered pick-and-place positioner system hosting 1000 multi-object (MOS) fibres, 20 integral field units, or a single large IFU for each observation. The fibres are fed to a single (dual-beam) spectrograph, with total of 16k spectral pixels, located within the WHT GHRIL enclosure on the telescope Nasmyth platform, supporting observations at R~5000 over the full 370-1000nm wavelength range in a single exposure, or a high resolution mode with limited coverage in each arm at R~20000. The project is now in the manufacturing and integration phase with first light expected for early of 2018.

Published
2016
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4. 4MOST-4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope

Author

de Jong, Roelof S., Barden, Sam, Bellido-Tirado, Olga, Brynnel, Joar, Chiappini, Cristina, Depagne, Eric, Haynes, Roger, Johl, Diane, Phillips, Daniel P., Schnurr, Olivier, Schwope, Axel, Walcher, Jakob, Bauer, Svend-Marian, Cescutti, Gabriele, Cioni, Maria-Rosa, Dionies, Frank, Enke, Harry, Haynes, Dionne, Kelz, Andreas, Kitaura, Francisco S., Lamer, Georg, Minchev, Ivan, Mueler, Volker, Nuza, Sebastian E., Olaya, Jean-Christophe, Piffl, Tilman, Popow, Emil, Saviauk, Allar, Steinmetz, Matthias, Ural, Ugur, Valentini, Monica, Winkler, Roland, Wisotzki, Lutz, Ansorge, Wolfgang R., Banerji, Manda, Solares, Eduardo Gonzalez, Irwin, Mike, Kennicutt, Robert C., Jr., King, David, McMahon, Richard, Koposov, Sergey, Parry, Ian R., Sun, Xiaowei, Walton, Nicholas A., Finger, Gert, Iwert, Olaf, Krumpe, Mirko, Lizon, Jean-Louis, Mainieri, Vincenzo, Amans, Jean-Philippe, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Cohen, Mathieu, Francois, Patrick, Jagourel, Pascal, Mignot, Shan B., Royer, Frederic, Sartoretti, Paola, Bender, Ralf, Hess, Hans-Joachim, Lang-Bardl, Florian, Muschielok, Bernard, Schlichter, Jorg, Bohringer, Hans, Boller, Thomas, Bongiorno, Angela, Brusa, Marcella, Dwelly, Tom, Merloni, Andrea, Nandra, Kirpal, Salvato, Mara, Pragt, Johannes H., Navarro, Ramon, Gerlofsma, Gerrit, Roelfsema, Ronald, Dalton, Gavin B., Middleton, Kevin F., Tosh, Ian A., Boeche, Corrado, Caffau, Elisabetta, Chistlieb, Norbert, Grebel, Eva K., Hansen, Camilla J., Koch, Andreas, Ludwig, Hans-G., Mandel, Holger, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Sbordone, Luca, Seifert, Walter, Thimm, Guido, Helmi, Amina, Trager, Scott C., Bensby, Thomas, Feltzing, Sofia, Ruchti, Gregory, Edvardsson, Bengt, Korn, Andreas, Lind, Karin, Boland, Wilfried, Colless, Matthew, Frost, Gabriella, Gilbert, James, Gillingham, Peter, Lawrence, Jon, Legg, Neville, Saunders, Will, Sheinis, Andrew, Driver, Simon, Robotham, Aaron, Bacon, Roland, Caillier, Patrick, Kosmalski, Johan, Laurent, Florence, Richard, Johan, de Jong, Roelof S., Barden, Sam, Bellido-Tirado, Olga, Brynnel, Joar, Chiappini, Cristina, Depagne, Eric, Haynes, Roger, Johl, Diane, Phillips, Daniel P., Schnurr, Olivier, Schwope, Axel, Walcher, Jakob, Bauer, Svend-Marian, Cescutti, Gabriele, Cioni, Maria-Rosa, Dionies, Frank, Enke, Harry, Haynes, Dionne, Kelz, Andreas, Kitaura, Francisco S., Lamer, Georg, Minchev, Ivan, Mueler, Volker, Nuza, Sebastian E., Olaya, Jean-Christophe, Piffl, Tilman, Popow, Emil, Saviauk, Allar, Steinmetz, Matthias, Ural, Ugur, Valentini, Monica, Winkler, Roland, Wisotzki, Lutz, Ansorge, Wolfgang R., Banerji, Manda, Solares, Eduardo Gonzalez, Irwin, Mike, Kennicutt, Robert C., Jr., King, David, McMahon, Richard, Koposov, Sergey, Parry, Ian R., Sun, Xiaowei, Walton, Nicholas A., Finger, Gert, Iwert, Olaf, Krumpe, Mirko, Lizon, Jean-Louis, Mainieri, Vincenzo, Amans, Jean-Philippe, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Cohen, Mathieu, Francois, Patrick, Jagourel, Pascal, Mignot, Shan B., Royer, Frederic, Sartoretti, Paola, Bender, Ralf, Hess, Hans-Joachim, Lang-Bardl, Florian, Muschielok, Bernard, Schlichter, Jorg, Bohringer, Hans, Boller, Thomas, Bongiorno, Angela, Brusa, Marcella, Dwelly, Tom, Merloni, Andrea, Nandra, Kirpal, Salvato, Mara, Pragt, Johannes H., Navarro, Ramon, Gerlofsma, Gerrit, Roelfsema, Ronald, Dalton, Gavin B., Middleton, Kevin F., Tosh, Ian A., Boeche, Corrado, Caffau, Elisabetta, Chistlieb, Norbert, Grebel, Eva K., Hansen, Camilla J., Koch, Andreas, Ludwig, Hans-G., Mandel, Holger, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Sbordone, Luca, Seifert, Walter, Thimm, Guido, Helmi, Amina, Trager, Scott C., Bensby, Thomas, Feltzing, Sofia, Ruchti, Gregory, Edvardsson, Bengt, Korn, Andreas, Lind, Karin, Boland, Wilfried, Colless, Matthew, Frost, Gabriella, Gilbert, James, Gillingham, Peter, Lawrence, Jon, Legg, Neville, Saunders, Will, Sheinis, Andrew, Driver, Simon, Robotham, Aaron, Bacon, Roland, Caillier, Patrick, Kosmalski, Johan, Laurent, Florence, and Richard, Johan

Abstract

4MOST is a wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Its main science drivers are in the fields of galactic archeology, high-energy physics, galaxy evolution and cosmology. 4MOST will in particular provide the spectroscopic complements to the large area surveys coming from space missions like Gaia, eROSITA, Euclid, and PLATO and from ground-based facilities like VISTA, VST, DES, LSST and SKA. The 4MOST baseline concept features a 2.5 degree diameter field-of-view with similar to 2400 fibres in the focal surface that are configured by a fibre positioner based on the tilting spine principle. The fibres feed two types of spectrographs; similar to 1600 fibres go to two spectrographs with resolution R> 5000 (lambda similar to 390-930 nm) and similar to 800 fibres to a spectrograph with R> 18,000 (lambda similar to 392-437 nm & 515-572 nm & 605-675 nm). Both types of spectrographs are fixed-configuration, three-channel spectrographs. 4MOST will have an unique operations concept in which 5 year public surveys from both the consortium and the ESO community will be combined and observed in parallel during each exposure, resulting in more than 25 million spectra of targets spread over a large fraction of the southern sky. The 4MOST Facility Simulator (4FS) was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this observing concept. 4MOST has been accepted for implementation by ESO with operations expected to start by the end of 2020. This paper provides a top-level overview of the 4MOST facility, while other papers in these proceedings provide more detailed descriptions of the instrument concept[1], the instrument requirements development[2], the systems engineering implementation[3], the instrument model[4], the fibre positioner concepts[5], the fibre feed[6], and the spectrographs[7].

Published
2014
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5. 4MOST: 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope

Author

Roelof S. de Jong, Sam Barden, Olga Bellido-Tirado, Joar Brynnel, Cristina Chiappini, Éric Depagne, Roger Haynes, Diana Johl, Daniel P. Phillips, Olivier Schnurr, Axel D. Schwope, Jakob Walcher, Svend M. Bauer, Gabriele Cescutti, Maria-Rosa L. Cioni, Frank Dionies, Harry Enke, Dionne M. Haynes, Andreas Kelz, Francisco S. Kitaura, Georg Lamer, Ivan Minchev, Volker Müller, Sebastián E. Nuza, Jean-Christophe Olaya, Tilmann Piffl, Emil Popow, Allar Saviauk, Matthias Steinmetz, Uğur Ural, Monica Valentini, Roland Winkler, Lutz Wisotzki, Wolfgang R. Ansorge, Manda Banerji, Eduardo Gonzalez Solares, Mike Irwin, Robert C. Kennicutt, David M. P. King, Richard McMahon, Sergey Koposov, Ian R. Parry, Xiaowei Sun, Nicholas A. Walton, Gert Finger, Olaf Iwert, Mirko Krumpe, Jean-Louis Lizon, Vincenzo Mainieri, Jean-Philippe Amans, Piercarlo Bonifacio, Matthieu Cohen, Patrick François, Pascal Jagourel, Shan B. Mignot, Frédéric Royer, Paola Sartoretti, Ralf Bender, Hans-Joachim Hess, Florian Lang-Bardl, Bernard Muschielok, Jörg Schlichter, Hans Böhringer, Thomas Boller, Angela Bongiorno, Marcella Brusa, Tom Dwelly, Andrea Merloni, Kirpal Nandra, Mara Salvato, Johannes H. Pragt, Ramón Navarro, Gerrit Gerlofsma, Ronald Roelfsema, Gavin B. Dalton, Kevin F. Middleton, Ian A. Tosh, Corrado Boeche, Elisabetta Caffau, Norbert Christlieb, Eva K. Grebel, Camilla J. Hansen, Andreas Koch, Hans-G. Ludwig, Holger Mandel, Andreas Quirrenbach, Luca Sbordone, Walter Seifert, Guido Thimm, Amina Helmi, Scott C. trager, Thomas Bensby, Sofia Feltzing, Gregory Ruchti, Bengt Edvardsson, Andreas Korn, Karin Lind, Wilfried Boland, Matthew Colless, Gabriella Frost, James Gilbert, Peter Gillingham, Jon Lawrence, Neville Legg, Will Saunders, Andrew Sheinis, Simon Driver, Aaron Robotham, Roland Bacon, Patrick Caillier, Johan Kosmalski, Florence Laurent, Johan Richard, de Jong Roelof, S., Barden, Sam, Bellido-Tirado, Olga, Brynnel, Joar, Chiappini, Cristina, Depagne, Éric, Haynes, Roger, Johl, Diana, Phillips Daniel, P., Schnurr, Olivier, Schwope Axel, D., Walcher, Jakob, Bauer Svend, M., Cescutti, G, Cioni Maria-Rosa, L., Dionies, Frank, Enke, Harry, Haynes Dionne, M., Kelz, Andrea, Kitaura Francisco, S., Lamer, Georg, Minchev, Ivan, Müller, Volker, Nuza, Sebastián. E., Olaya, Jean-Christophe, Piffl, Tilmann, Popow, Emil, Saviauk, Allar, Steinmetz, Matthia, Ural, Uǧur, Valentini, Monica, Winkler, Roland, Wisotzki, Lutz, Ansorge Wolfgang, R., Banerji, Manda, Gonzalez Solares, Eduardo, Irwin, Mike, Kennicutt Robert, C., King David, M. P., Mcmahon, Richard, Koposov, Sergey, Parry Ian, R., Sun, Xiaowei, Walton Nicholas, A., Finger, Gert, Iwert, Olaf, Krumpe, Mirko, Lizon, Jean-Loui, Mainieri, Vincenzo, Amans, Jean-Philippe, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Cohen, Matthieu, François, Patrick, Jagourel, Pascal, Mignot Shan, B., Royer, Frédéric, Sartoretti, Paola, Bender, Ralf, Hess, Hans-Joachim, Lang-Bardl, Florian, Muschielok, Bernard, Schlichter, Jörg, Böhringer, Han, Boller, Thoma, Bongiorno, Angela, Brusa, Marcella, Dwelly, Tom, Merloni, Andrea, Nandra, Kirpal, Salvato, Mara, Pragt Johannes, H., Navarro, Ramón, Gerlofsma, Gerrit, Roelfsema, Ronald, Dalton Gavin, B., Middleton Kevin, F., Tosh Ian, A., Boeche, Corrado, Caffau, Elisabetta, Christlieb, Norbert, Grebel Eva, K., Hansen Camilla, J., Koch, Andrea, Ludwig, Hans-G., Mandel, Holger, Quirrenbach, Andrea, Sbordone, Luca, Seifert, Walter, Thimm, Guido, Helmi, Amina, trager Scott, C., Bensby, Thoma, Feltzing, Sofia, Ruchti, Gregory, Edvardsson, Bengt, Korn, Andrea, Lind, Karin, Boland, Wilfried, Colless, Matthew, Frost, Gabriella, Gilbert, Jame, Gillingham, Peter, Lawrence, Jon, Legg, Neville, Saunders, Will, Sheinis, Andrew, Driver, Simon, Robotham, Aaron, Bacon, Roland, Caillier, Patrick, Kosmalski, Johan, Laurent, Florence, Richard, Johan, and Kapteyn Astronomical Institute

Subjects
Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Dark matter, Astronomy, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Astrophysics, Space exploration, law.invention, Telescope, Observatory, Sky, law, Focal surface, Spectrograph, media_common
Abstract

4MOST is a wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Its main science drivers are in the fields of galactic archeology, high-energy physics, galaxy evolution and cosmology. 4MOST will in particular provide the spectroscopic complements to the large area surveys coming from space missions like Gaia, eROSITA, Euclid, and PLATO and from ground-based facilities like VISTA, VST, DES, LSST and SKA. The 4MOST baseline concept features a 2.5 degree diameter field-of-view with similar to 2400 fibres in the focal surface that are configured by a fibre positioner based on the tilting spine principle. The fibres feed two types of spectrographs; similar to 1600 fibres go to two spectrographs with resolution R> 5000 (lambda similar to 390-930 nm) and similar to 800 fibres to a spectrograph with R> 18,000 (lambda similar to 392-437 nm & 515-572 nm & 605-675 nm). Both types of spectrographs are fixed-configuration, three-channel spectrographs. 4MOST will have an unique operations concept in which 5 year public surveys from both the consortium and the ESO community will be combined and observed in parallel during each exposure, resulting in more than 25 million spectra of targets spread over a large fraction of the southern sky. The 4MOST Facility Simulator (4FS) was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this observing concept. 4MOST has been accepted for implementation by ESO with operations expected to start by the end of 2020. This paper provides a top-level overview of the 4MOST facility, while other papers in these proceedings provide more detailed descriptions of the instrument concept[1], the instrument requirements development[2], the systems engineering implementation[3], the instrument model[4], the fibre positioner concepts[5], the fibre feed[6], and the spectrographs[7].

Published
2014

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