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Background. Core stability and good running mechanics are fundamental components required for running, including those running for leisure with or without a competitive aspect. Thus, adequate knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of core stability exercises (CSE) are necessary to minimize the incidence of low back pain (LBP). Therefore, this study intended to determine recreational runners' KAP toward CSE to prevent LBP and reveal the association between their demographic characteristics and levels of practice toward CSE. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study design was adopted, and three hundred recreational runners were selected using a simple random sampling approach. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed among them using Google Forms. It consisted of 28 items capturing the participants' demographic characteristics and KAP toward CSE. Out of 300, 257 completed questionnaires were received, indicating an 86% of response rate. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) 28.0. Results. The correct response to the knowledge-related items in the questionnaire was from 65% to 91%. Precisely, 91.4% of study participants understood CSE. Furthermore, most participants showed a positive attitude toward CSE, considering that it is essential for running (79%), improving fitness (76%), reducing the risk of injuries (71%), and boosting their appearance (54%). Most participants (>85%) performed CSE for recommended frequency and duration to strengthen their core muscles and prevent LBP. The recreational runners had good practice toward CSE. Conclusions. Recreational runners possess adequate knowledge, a positive attitude, and good practice toward CSE. This study suggested that motivational strategies and awareness programs can be conducted to improve recreational runners' KAP toward CSE preventing LBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, higher education institutions (HEIs) are seeking more attention in conducting surveys to improve the quality of teaching and achieve academic accreditation. In this regard, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) also conducting various surveys to meet the requirements of the National Center for Academic Accreditation and evAluation (NCAAA), Saudi Arabia for attaining academic accreditation. Among those surveys, a survey named "Students Survey on Lecturing Skills (SSLS)" is conducted to reveal the students' perception of lecturing skills of instructors. In SSLS, the policymakers should reach the fixed new target benchmark for overall students' satisfaction during every academic year. Therefore, this study aimed to use stochastic modeling to predict the exact parameters which are to be focused by the instructors to improve their quality of teaching and enhance the overall students' satisfaction towards instructors' lecturing skills. The results showed that the instructors should focus on "Interest and motivation" (to enhance the overall students' satisfaction towards the lecturing skills by 99% in the presence of a 5% increase in target benchmark as per NCAAA standards during the upcoming academic year. This study indicates that the policymakers can make use of stochastic modeling in higher education to predict the exact parameters to be focused so that the cost and time spent would be reduced and make the process easier to achieve academic accreditation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]