715 results on '"Politique de santé"'
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2. Eviction filings during bans on enforcement throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time series analysis
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Brown, Erika M., Moineddin, Rahim, Hapsari, Ayu, Gozdyra, Peter, Durant, Steve, and Pinto, Andrew D.
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- 2023
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3. Using experience to create evidence: a mixed methods process evaluation of the new free family planning policy in Burkina Faso.
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Browne, Lalique, Cooper, Sarah, Tiendrebeogo, Cheick, Bicaba, Frank, Bila, Alice, Bicaba, Abel, and Druetz, Thomas
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MEDICAL quality control , *PROFESSIONAL practice , *PILOT projects , *HEALTH services accessibility , *RESEARCH methodology , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *INTERVIEWING , *EXPERIENCE , *FAMILY planning policy , *HUMAN services programs , *ODDS ratio , *REPRODUCTIVE health ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Background: In 2019, Burkina Faso was one of the first countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to introduce a free family planning (FP) policy. This process evaluation aims to identify obstacles and facilitators to its implementation, examine its coverage in the targeted population after six months, and investigate its influence on the perceived quality of FP services. Methods: This process evaluation was conducted from November 2019 through March 2020 in the two regions of Burkina Faso where the new policy was introduced as a pilot. Mixed methods were used with a convergent design. Semi-directed interviews were conducted with the Ministry of Health (n = 3), healthcare workers (n = 10), and women aged 15–49 years (n = 10). Surveys were also administered to the female members of 696 households randomly selected from four health districts (n = 901). Results: Implementation obstacles include insufficient communication, shortages of consumables and contraceptives, and delays in reimbursement from the government. The main facilitators were previous experience with free healthcare policies, good acceptability in the population, and support from local associations. Six months after its introduction, only 50% of the surveyed participants knew about the free FP policy. Higher education level, being sexually active or in a relationship, having recently seen a healthcare professional, and possession of a radio significantly increased the odds of knowing. Of the participants, 39% continued paying for FP services despite the new policy, mainly because of stock shortages forcing them to buy their contraceptive products elsewhere. Increased waiting time and shorter consultations were also reported. Conclusion: Six months after its introduction, the free FP policy still has gaps in its implementation, as women continue to spend money for FP services and have little knowledge of the policy, particularly in the Cascades region. While its use is reportedly increasing, addressing implementation issues could further improve women's access to contraception. Plain Language summary: Burkina Faso is one of the first countries in sub-Saharan Africa to remove user fees for family planning services. Introduced as a pilot in June 2019, this policy covers the main costs, including the contraceptives, for all women of reproductive age (15–49 years old). We conducted a study to find out how the implementation of this new policy was going. In particular, we wanted to know what might be limiting or facilitating the successful implementation of the policy in a rural community. Through interviews with health staff and women, we found that about half of the women did not even know that family planning was now free, even though it had been free for more than six months. In addition, there were problems in the supply chain, which meant that contraceptive methods may have become free, but they were no longer available. On the other hand, the new policy has been generally well received by the public: previous similar initiatives seem to have facilitated implementation, as have awareness campaigns conducted by non-governmental organizations. With this information, the new policy can be improved to further enhance women's access to contraceptive methods in rural Burkina Faso. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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4. Oral healthcare disparities in Canada: filling in the gaps
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Levy, Ben B., Goodman, Jade, and Eskander, Antoine
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- 2023
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5. Panorama económico, político y sanitario de América Latina y el Caribe al comienzo de la pandemia del COVID-19.
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Peñafiel Chang, Luis Eduardo
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COVID-19 pandemic ,VIRAL transmission ,POLITICAL stability ,POLITICAL corruption ,COVID-19 testing ,INDUSTRIAL clusters - Abstract
Copyright of Lecturas de Economia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2021
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6. Health Care and the Limits of “Progressive” Neoliberalism: Re- Evaluating The Trade-Health Interface 2006-2019.
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Crawford, Mark
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FREE trade ,NEOLIBERALISM ,MEDICAL care ,COMMERCIAL policy ,INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
Copyright of Interventions Économiques is the property of Association d'Economie Politique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2021
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7. The economic burden of excessive sugar consumption in Canada: should the scope of preventive action be broadened?
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Liu, Siyuan, Munasinghe, Lalani L., Maximova, Katerina, Taylor, Jennifer P., Ohinmaa, Arto, and Veugelers, Paul J.
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- 2022
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8. Qu´est-ce que la chirurgie globale et quel est le rôle des pays francophones?
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Alexandre Jose Bourcier, Anudari Zorigtbaatar, Elise Lupon, Daniel Safari Nteranya, Arsène Daniel Nyalundja, Jean Wilguens Lartigue, David Masheka, and Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye
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chirurgie globale ,politique de santé ,santé globale ,Medicine - Abstract
Les pays à faibles et moyens revenus sont les plus affectées par les maladies nécessitant une intervention chirurgicale ou obstétrique. Ainsi, 5 milliards de personnes n´ont pas accès à ces soins et ne possède pas les ressources nécessaires pour lutter contre ce fardeau. La chirurgie globale est un domaine d´étude, de recherche, de pratique et de plaidoirie visant à améliorer et à promouvoir l´équité en matière de santé pour toutes les personnes nécessitant des soins chirurgicaux, obstétricaux et anesthésiques. Ce domaine est récent et encore peu connu, notamment par la communauté francophone.
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- 2020
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9. Downstream health impacts of employment losses during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Buajitti, Emmalin, Rosella, Laura C., Bryan, Kevin, Giesinger, Ingrid, and Goel, Vivek
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- 2022
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10. Gouverner la sexualité des couples : des cours pour les couples financés par l’état norvégien
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Danielsen, Hilde, Ludvigsen, Kari, and Mühleisen, Wenche
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family policy ,éducation sexuelle ,politique familiale ,Norway ,politique de santé ,Norvège ,health policy ,sex education - Abstract
Cet article se propose d’analyser la construction de la sexualité des couples norvégiens telle que la présente un cours mis en place et financé par l’État à l’intention des couples appelés à devenir parents pour la première fois. Intitulé « Bien vivre ensemble » (« Godt Samliv »), ce cours, lancé en 2005, est proposé gratuitement par les Centres de santé publique. De l’analyse des documents officiels, des débats politiques et des manuels utilisés pour cet enseignement, il ressort un discours sur la sexualité spécifiquement norvégien où l’accent est mis aussi bien sur l’égalité et la neutralité du genre que sur l’idée d’une démocratisation inclusive. Les jeunes parents sont encouragés à tout faire pour maintenir une relation durable et une vie sexuelle active permettant de favoriser le bien-être des enfants. L’idée de la sexualité qu’implique cette politique conjugale est fondée sur ce que l’on pourrait appeler « le devoir de spontanéité », lequel est présenté comme une tâche à laquelle les deux parents doivent s’atteler afin d’entretenir une relation stable et saine. À notre sens, cependant, telle qu’elle apparaît dans la politique gouvernementale sur la sexualité, cette rhétorique inclusive prônant la diversité a des limites, son discours excluant certaines formes d’intimité et de sexualité. This paper analyses the construction of Norwegian couples’ sexuality through the study of a publicly financed and organized relationship course called “Living Well Together” (“Godt samliv”). Established in 2005, the relationship course aimed at first-time parent couples is offered free of charge by municipal health centers. Scrutiny of national policy documents and political debate, and the course handbooks presented to couples, makes visible a particular Norwegian discourse on sexuality which stresses gender equality and neutrality and ideas of inclusive democratization. New parents are advised to make active efforts to maintain a loving, lasting relationship and sexuality, for the sake of the children. The idea of sex implied by this couples relationship policy is based on what may be described as a “duty of spontaneity”, presented as a work both parents should undertake in order to achieve a stable and healthy relationship. We argue, however, that the inclusive rhetoric of diversity that characterises this public form of Norwegian Sexuality has its limitations, and that certain forms of intimacy and sexuality are excluded from this discourse
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- 2023
11. Perception de la COVID-19 et comportement des ménages en Argentine
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Phélinas, Pascale, Hernández, Valéria, Ciriez, Camille, Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International (CERDI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre d'études en sciences sociales sur les mondes africains, américains et asiatiques (CESSMA UMRD 245), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ANR-10-LABX-0014,IDGM+,Designing new international development policies from research outcomes. An enhanced(2010), Labex IDGM+, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Université de Paris (UP)
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politique sanitaire ,[SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics ,pandémie COVID-19 ,comportements ,Covid 19 ,Development ,Amérique latine ,JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O5 - Economywide Country Studies/O.O5.O54 - Latin America • Caribbean ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I18 - Government Policy • Regulation • Public Health ,Politique de santé ,[SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies ,observance des consignes ,JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O1 - Economic Development ,Argentine ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance - Abstract
This article explores Argentinean perceptions and attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis is based on a telephone survey conducted with a representative sample of 1000 respondents. The analysis shows that Argentines have overwhelmingly approved the health and economic policies followed by their government, and, as a result, have adopted the recommended health behaviour. Among the many factors that have influenced Argentines' perceptions and attitudes, trust in institutions (president, governor, mayor) and, to a lesser extent, to the medical and scientific community emerges as a major determinant. Among the emotions, fear also proves to be a powerful driver of compliance with health regulations. Finally, the results underline the importance of social shock support measures, which help to reduce the costs associated with precautionary behaviour. These findings are robust to the inclusion of a wide set of socio-demographic control variables such as age, gender, education level, place of residence, and individuals’ economic status.; Cet article explore les perceptions et attitudes des argentins face à l’épidémie de COVID-19 à partir d’une enquête téléphonique menée auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de 1000 répondants. L’analyse montre que les argentins ont massivement approuvé la politique sanitaire et économique suivie par leur gouvernement, et, en conséquence, modifié leur comportement. Parmi les nombreux facteurs qui ont influencé les perceptions et attitudes des argentins, la confiance dans les institutions (président, gouverneur, maire) et, dans une moindre mesure, dans la communauté médicale et scientifique ressort comme un déterminant majeur de l’adhésion des argentins à l’ensemble de la politique menée ainsi que du respect des mesures de distanciation sociale et des gestes barrière. Parmi les émotions, la peur s’avère également un puissant moteur du respect des consignes sanitaires. Les résultats soulignent enfin l'importance des mesures d’accompagnement du choc social, qui permettent de réduire les coûts associés aux comportements de précaution. Ces conclusions sont robustes à l'inclusion d'un vaste ensemble de variables de contrôle sociodémographiques telles que l’âge, le genre, le niveau d’éducation, le lieu de résidence, et le statut économique des individus.
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- 2022
12. Saúde, ética no cuidado e a política nacional de atenção integral à saúde do homem
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Eduardo Espíndola Fontoura Junior and Márcia Maria de Medeiros
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genre ,éthique ,soin ,politique de santé ,santé de l’homme ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 - Abstract
Questões que afetam a saúde do homem têm crescido exponencialmente no cenário mundial. Isso se deve, em parte, ao fato de se construir a ideia de masculinidade, que estabelece normas e padrões de comportamento enraizados no modo como essa população pensa o "ser homem", impedindo-o de compreender a importância de cuidar de si mesmo. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre os eixos centrais da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem (PNAISH), observando suas interfaces com as questões referentes à ética no cuidado e às questões de gênero, bem como buscar a relação da PNAISH com o contexto social, histórico e cultural que constrói a ideia de masculinidade. Trata-se de um ensaio de natureza crítico-reflexiva, com base na PNAISH e seus eixos centrais. Conclui-se que são necessárias discussões que promovam a saúde do homem, uma vez que as ações que envolvem esse processo avançam lentamente, devido à dificuldade de reflexão sobre as práticas de saúde que tem o homem como protagonista e à conjuntura histórica que toca as questões de gênero, distanciando este assunto das premissas necessárias ao seu cuidado.
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- 2018
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13. Exploring the main and moderating effects of individual-level characteristics on consumer responses to sugar taxes and front-of-pack nutrition labels in an experimental marketplace
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Acton, Rachel B., Kirkpatrick, Sharon I., and Hammond, David
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- 2021
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14. Public Health and the NHS at 70: Fit Enough for the Challenge of New Enemies in a New Landscape? An Example of Public Health Measures to Address Alcohol Consumption.
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Campbell, Fiona and Lee, Andrew
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Copyright of French Journal of British Studies / Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique is the property of Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes en Civilisation Britannique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
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15. Wasteful Spending in Health Care: A US and UK international comparison.
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Holdsworth, Max
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Copyright of French Journal of British Studies / Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique is the property of Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes en Civilisation Britannique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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16. Involuntary stabilization care of youth who overdose: a call for evidence- and ethics-informed substance use policy
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Goodyear, Trevor, Robinson, Samantha, Jenkins, Emily, Gagnon, Marilou, Mitchell, Keren, and Knight, Rod
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- 2021
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17. Downstream health impacts of employment losses during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Emmalin Buajitti, Laura C. Rosella, Kevin Bryan, Ingrid Giesinger, and Vivek Goel
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Male ,Employment ,Canada ,Public health ,emploi ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Health policy ,Special Section on COVID-19: Quantitative Research ,santé publique ,Communicable Disease Control ,politique de santé ,Humans ,Pandemics - Abstract
The Canadian workforce has experienced significant employment losses during the COVID-19 pandemic, in part as a result of non-pharmaceutical interventions to slow COVID-19 transmission. Health consequences are likely to result from these job losses, but without historical precedent for the current economic shutdown they are challenging to plan for. Our study aimed to use population risk models to quantify potential downstream health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and inform public health planning to minimize future health burden.The impact of COVID-19 job losses on future premature mortality and high-resource health care utilization (HRU) was estimated using an economic model of Canadian COVID-19 lockdowns and validated population risk models. Five-year excess premature mortality and HRU were estimated by age and sex to describe employment-related health consequences of COVID-19 lockdowns in the Canadian population.With federal income supplementation like the Canadian Emergency Response Benefit, we estimate that each month of economic lockdown will result in 5.6 new high-resource health care system users (HRUs), and 4.1 excess premature deaths, per 100,000, over the next 5 years. These effects were concentrated in ages 45-64, and among males 18-34. Without income supplementation, the health consequences were approximately twice as great in terms of both HRUs and premature deaths.Employment losses associated with COVID-19 countermeasures may have downstream implications for health. Public health responses should consider financially vulnerable populations at high risk of downstream health outcomes.RéSUMé: OBJECTIFS: La population active canadienne a connu d’importantes pertes d’emplois durant la pandémie de COVID-19, en partie en raison des interventions non pharmaceutiques menées pour ralentir la transmission du virus. Ces pertes d’emplois auront probablement des conséquences pour la santé, mais en l’absence d’un précédent historique au ralentissement économique actuel, il est difficile de planifier quoi faire pour atténuer ces conséquences. Notre étude visait à chiffrer les éventuels effets sanitaires de la pandémie de COVID-19 en aval à l’aide de modèles de risque pour la population et à éclairer la planification en santé publique afin de réduire le futur fardeau pour la santé. MéTHODE: Nous avons estimé l’impact des pertes d’emplois dues à la COVID-19 sur les chiffres futurs de mortalité prématurée et d’utilisation élevée des soins de santé (UESS) à l’aide d’un modèle économique des confinements dus à la COVID-19 au Canada et de modèles de risque pour la population validés. Nous avons estimé la surmortalité prématurée et l’UESS par âge et par sexe dans cinq ans afin de décrire les conséquences pour la santé des effets sur l’emploi des confinements dus à la COVID-19 dans la population canadienne. RéSULTATS: Avec les mesures fédérales de supplémentation du revenu comme la Prestation canadienne d’urgence, nous estimons qu’avec chaque mois de confinement économique, il y aura 5,6 nouveaux grands usagers du système de soins de santé (GUSSS) et 4,1 décès prématurés supplémentaires pour 100 000 habitants au cours des cinq prochaines années. Ces effets seront concentrés dans la tranche d’âge des 45 à 64 ans et chez les hommes de 18 à 34 ans. Sans supplémentation du revenu, les conséquences pour la santé seront environ le double, tant pour le nombre de GUSSS que de décès prématurés. CONCLUSION: Les pertes d’emplois associées aux mesures de prévention de la COVID-19 pourraient avoir des conséquences pour la santé en aval. Les interventions de santé publique devraient donc tenir compte des populations financièrement vulnérables à risque élevé de connaître des problèmes de santé en aval.
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- 2021
18. Please don’t call it medical marijuana unless it is; but it probably isn’t
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Witek, Jr., Theodore J.
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- 2021
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19. Tobacco and COVID-19: a crisis within a crisis?
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Alla, François, Berlin, Ivan, Nguyen-Thanh, Viet, Guignard, Romain, Pasquereau, Anne, Quelet, Sylvie, Schwarzinger, Michaël, and Arwidson, Pierre
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- 2020
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20. Priority setting for school nutrition research: developing a collaborative research agenda
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Vine, Michelle M., Leatherdale, Scott T., and Laxer, Rachel E.
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- 2020
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21. Les stéréotypes de genre en droit et politique de la santé : approche sexospécifique et adéquation de la médecine moderne aux femmes
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Lhost, Sophie and Lhost, Sophie
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Cet essai s’intéresse aux stéréotypes de genre en droit de la santé et sur l’adéquation des outils juridiques et de la médecine moderne dans ce domaine. Une perspective comparatiste entre le Canada et plus spécifiquement le Québec, les États-Unis et l'Europe avec la France et la Belgique a été adoptée afin d'apporter un éclairage intéressant sur les spécificités genrées en médecine moderne.
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- 2022
22. Projet Approche Patient Partenaire de Soins (APPS) - Projekts Ansatz der Patienten-Partner-Betreuung
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Integrative Research Unit: Social and Individual Development (INSIDE) > PEARL Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality (IRSEI) [research center], University of Luxembourg - UL [sponsor], Odero, Angela, Baumann-Croisier, Pierre, Chauvel, Louis, Baumann, Michèle, Integrative Research Unit: Social and Individual Development (INSIDE) > PEARL Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality (IRSEI) [research center], University of Luxembourg - UL [sponsor], Odero, Angela, Baumann-Croisier, Pierre, Chauvel, Louis, and Baumann, Michèle
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Notre projet a permis d’observer une volonté affichée d’évoluer vers davantage d’engagement du patient dans la relation de soin et dans les structures de soins de santé. Le développement attendu passera par une approche systémique de l’engagement tant sur des aspects micro (de la relation de soin) méso (dans la coordination des structures de soins) et macro (avec l’engagement des politiques de santé). Le développement doit s’appuyer sur les initiatives existantes : en ce sens le projet Interreg est une belle façon de promouvoir les échanges de bonnes pratiques au service de cet engagement du patient.
- Published
- 2022
23. Pandemics, privacy, and public health research
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Bernier, Alexander and Knoppers, Bartha Maria
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- 2020
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24. Involuntary stabilization care of youth who overdose: a call for evidence- and ethics-informed substance use policy
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Samantha Robinson, Marilou Gagnon, Rod Knight, Trevor Goodyear, Emily K. Jenkins, and Keren Mitchell
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Youth ,Adolescent ,Overdose ,Mental Health Act ,Psychological intervention ,Legislation ,Context (language use) ,Opioid ,Substance use ,Public administration ,Jeunes ,03 medical and health sciences ,Political science ,éthique ,medicine ,Humans ,Health policy ,surdose ,Ethics ,Government ,opioïde ,030505 public health ,British Columbia ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Opioid overdose ,General Medicine ,consommation de substances ,Involuntary Treatment ,medicine.disease ,Policy ,Evidence-Based Practice ,politique de santé ,Commentary ,Drug Overdose ,0305 other medical science - Abstract
As is the case across Canada, the province of British Columbia is in the midst of an opioid overdose crisis. In response to the devastating impacts of this crisis on youth (under 19 years of age), the provincial government is considering amending the Mental Health Act to allow for involuntary, hospital-based stabilization care of youth following an overdose. This policy change represents one concrete action that the provincial government is exploring in response to public advocacy for enhanced supports for youth who overdose. At this juncture, however, we are concerned that stabilization care requires further interrogation in the context of key, interrelated public health and ethical dimensions pertaining to this legislation. In this commentary, we describe three key areas for public health deliberation: (1) the evidence underpinning stabilization care, (2) ethical considerations, and (3) the potential for unintended and unevenly distributed consequences. We then offer ways forward to guide and provide opportunities for a more equitable public health response to the overdose crisis and its impacts on youth. In doing so, we emphasize the need for meaningful engagement of youth as key stakeholders in the development of evidence- and ethics-informed substance use care and policy interventions.RéSUMé: Comme le reste du Canada, la province de la Colombie-Britannique est en pleine crise de surdoses d’opioïdes. En réponse aux effets dévastateurs de cette crise sur les jeunes (moins de 19 ans), le gouvernement provincial songe à modifier la loi sur la santé mentale de la province pour permettre les soins de stabilisation forcés des jeunes à l’hôpital après une surdose. Ce changement d’orientation représente une mesure concrète envisagée en réaction aux campagnes de sensibilisation qui préconisent des mesures de soutien améliorées aux jeunes qui font des surdoses. À ce stade toutefois, nous pensons que les soins de stabilisation nécessitent une interrogation plus poussée sur les aspects sanitaires et éthiques essentiels et interdépendants afférents à cette loi. Dans notre commentaire, nous décrivons trois aspects clés des délibérations de la santé publique : 1) les données probantes qui sous-tendent les soins de stabilisation, 2) les considérations éthiques et 3) les effets pervers et inégalement répartis qui pourraient en découler. Nous proposons ensuite une marche à suivre pour guider et créer les possibilités d’une riposte plus équitable de la santé publique à la crise des surdoses et à ses répercussions sur les jeunes. Ce faisant, nous insistons sur la nécessité de faire participer concrètement les jeunes, en tant qu’acteurs privilégiés, à l’élaboration d’interventions de soins et de politiques sur la consommation de substances éclairées par les données probantes et par l’éthique.
- Published
- 2021
25. The Global Fund to fight HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Five-year Evaluation Policy Challenges
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Dominique Kerouedan
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Aid Effectiveness ,Partnerships ,Système de santé ,Financements innovants ,Evaluación ,Rendimiento ,Performance ,Healthcare systems ,Financiamiento novedoso ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,Global Fund ,Politique de santé ,Efficacité de l’aide ,Eficacia de la ayuda ,Fonds mondial ,Política sanitaria. Asociaciones. Sistema sanitario ,Evaluation ,Partenariat ,Health Policies ,Innovating financing ,health care economics and organizations ,Fondo Mundial ,Evaluatio - Abstract
The five-year evaluation of the Global Fund to fight HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria (GFATM) was carried out by a Consortium of several universities and institutions, led by a consulting firm based in Washington DC. The evaluation focused on three study areas: (i) organizational efficiency and effectiveness of the Global Fund, (ii) effectiveness of the Global Fund partner environment, (iii) system effects of the Global Fund and impact of increased funding on the level of response to the three diseases. The findings can be summarized as follows: the Global Fund has been successful in mobilizing additional funding and attracting new players. However, the demand-driven model used for allocation of funding is poorly adapted to epidemiological profiles with regard to population, persons at highest risk, and number of persons affected by the disease. The partner environment of the Global Fund, involving UN technical partners and institutions cooperating in development, has failed to produce planned results due to the weak institutional capacity of recipients and health systems overall, as well as little synergy and coordination between international partners. Increased financial resources have allowed the rapid expansion of prevention and care services for the three diseases. Spectacular results have been achieved against malaria in Eastern African countries, but little progress has been made in the collective effort to slow down the spread of HIV/AIDS. In preparation for the upcoming Replenishment Conference of the Global Fund and prior to any further decisions to expand the use of innovative financing instruments for development, the author of this article calls the attention of policy-makers to the need to ensure the development of accompanying strategies to increase the effectiveness and impact of these instruments at country level. L’évaluation à cinq ans du Fonds mondial de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA, la tuberculose et le paludisme (GFTAM) a été menée par un consortium de plusieurs universités et institutions, piloté par un cabinet de conseil basé à Washington DC. Cette évaluation s’est concentrée sur trois domaines d’étude : (i) l’efficacité organisationnelle du Fonds mondial, (ii) l’efficacité et la performance du système de partenariats du Fonds mondial, (iii) les effets systémiques du Fonds mondial et l’impact de l’augmentation des financements sur la maîtrise des trois maladies. Les résultats se résument comme suit : le Fonds mondial a su mobiliser des financements additionnels et attirer de nouveaux acteurs. Cependant, l’allocation des financements repose sur un modèle fondé sur la demande qui n’est pas adapté aux profils épidémiologiques en termes de population, de personnes les plus exposées, ou de nombre de personnes atteintes par ces maladies. Le système de partenariats du Fonds mondial, impliquant des partenaires techniques de l’ONU et des institutions de coopération au développement, n’a pas eu les effets escomptés, en raison de la faible capacité institutionnelle des bénéficiaires et des systèmes de santé, et d'une synergie et d’une coordination insuffisante entre les partenaires internationaux. Si l’augmentation des ressources financières a permis une expansion rapide des services de prévention et de prise en charge des trois maladies, avec des résultats remarquables pour le paludisme dans les pays d’Afrique de l’Est, l’impact de l’effort collectif sur la réduction de la propagation du VIH/SIDA reste faible. En amont de la prochaine conférence de reconstitution des ressources du Fonds mondial, et à la veille de décider d’élargir l’utilisation d’instruments de financements innovants du développement, l’auteur de cet article souhaite attirer l’attention des politiques sur la nécessité d’élaborer des stratégies d’accompagnement de ces nouveaux instruments afin d’améliorer leur efficacité et leur impact au niveau des pays. La evaluación quinquenal del Fondo Mundial de lucha contra el SIDA, la tuberculosis y la malaria (FMSTM) fue realizada por un consorcio de diversas universidades e instituciones, encabezado por una asesoría con sede en Washington DC. La evaluación se centró en tres áreas de estudio: (i) eficiencia y eficacia organizativa del Fondo Mundial, (ii) eficacia del compromiso de los asociados del Fondo Mundial, (iii) efectos sistémicos del Fondo Mundial e impacto de la ampliación del financiamiento en el grado de respuesta a las tres enfermedades. Las conclusiones pueden resumirse de la manera siguiente: el Fondo Mundial ha tenido éxito a la hora de movilizar fondos adicionales y atraer a nuevos actores. Sin embargo, el modelo basado en la demanda utilizado para asignar las ayudas no está bien adaptado a los perfiles epidemiológicos con respecto a la población, las personas de más riesgo y el número de personas afectadas por la enfermedad. El entramado de asociados del Fondo Mundial, incluidos los asociados técnicos de la ONU y las instituciones de cooperación al desarrollo, no ha obtenido los resultados esperados como consecuencia de la escasa capacidad institucional de los receptores y de los sistemas de salud en general, así como por la poca sinergia y coordinación entre los asociados internacionales. La ampliación de los recursos financieros ha permitido una expansión rápida de los servicios de prevención y cuidado en las tres enfermedades. Se han conseguido resultados espectaculares contra la malaria en los países de África Oriental, pero se ha avanzado muy poco en el esfuerzo colectivo para frenar la propagación del VIH/SIDA. Ante la próxima Conferencia de Reposición del Fondo Mundial y antes de tomar ninguna otra decisión para extender el uso de los nuevos instrumentos financieros para el desarrollo, el autor de este artículo llama la atención de los responsables políticos sobre la necesidad de garantizar el desarrollo de estrategias de acompañamiento que aumenten la eficacia y el impacto de estos instrumentos a nivel de país.
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- 2022
26. Un análisis empíricamente orientado sobre los sistemas deliberativo y participativo: consejos y congresos de política de salud y políticas para las mujeres en Minas Gerais
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Faria, Cláudia Feres and Lins, Isabella Lourenço
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sistemas participativo e deliberativo ,política para as mulheres ,conseils et conférences sur les politiques publiques ,sistemas participativo y deliberativo ,conselhos e conferências de políticas públicas ,política de salud ,politiques envers les femmes ,health policy ,consejos y conferencias de políticas públicas ,política de saúde ,public policy councils and conferences ,systèmes participatif et délibératif ,politique de santé ,políticas para las mujeres ,policy for women ,participatory and deliberative systems - Abstract
This article analyzes whether and how conferences and councils on policies for health and women in Minas Gerais interact with each other to shape a participatory and deliberative system in these policy areas. Thus, the article analytically and empirically evaluates: (1) how actors, topics, and norms act as connectors of these forums in each policy area; (2) whether those connections promote an integrated system in each policy area. To investigate the connections among the forums, we proposed four different techniques: observations of council meetings and conferences, document analysis, surveys, and interviews. We mixed these techniques to compare these two contrasting cases. As a result of this comparative analysis, we argue that the legal and political infrastructure in which policies are immersed induces the connectors to work systemically. Health policy, which is legally and institutionally more predictable than policy for women, ensures more favorable conditions for the actors to coordinate their actions, for the topics to be debated and transmitted, and for the norms to be disputed and legitimized. Therefore, we claim that the political-institutional resources are significant for the connectors to shape a participatory and deliberative system in each policy area. Resumo O artigo analisa se e como as conferências e conselhos de saúde e de políticas para as mulheres em Minas Gerais interagem para formar um sistema participativo e deliberativo nestas duas áreas de política. O artigo avalia analítica e empiricamente (1) como os atores, os temas e as normas atuam enquanto conectores desses fóruns e (2) se essas conexões promovem um sistema integrado em cada área de política. Para investigar as conexões entre as conferências e os conselhos utilizamos quatro técnicas de pesquisa diferentes: observações das reuniões dos conselhos e das conferências, análise de documentos, survey e entrevistas. As técnicas foram mobilizadas para comparar estes dois casos contrastantes. Como resultado da análise comparativa, argumentamos que a infraestrutura legal e política na qual as áreas de políticas estão imersas induz os conectores a funcionarem de forma sistêmica. A política de saúde, mais previsível jurídica e institucionalmente do que a política para as mulheres, garante condições mais favoráveis para os atores coordenarem suas ações, para os temas serem debatidos e veiculados, assim como para as normas serem contestadas e legitimadas. Desta forma, afirmamos que os recursos político-institucionais são fundamentais para que os conectores conformem um sistema participativo e deliberativo nas duas áreas de política analisadas. Resumen El artículo examina si, y cómo, los congresos y los consejos de políticas de salud y para las mujeres en Minas Gerais interactúan para formar un sistema participativo y deliberativo en estas áreas de política pública. El artículo evalúa analítica y empíricamente: (1) cómo los actores, los temas y las normas actúan como conectores de estos foros y (2) si estas conexiones promueven un sistema integrado en cada área de política. Para investigar las conexiones entre los foros, utilizamos cuatro técnicas de investigación diferentes: observaciones de las reuniones del consejo y de lo congresos, análisis de documentos, encuestas y entrevistas. Las técnicas fueron movilizadas para comparar estos dos casos contrastantes. Como resultado del análisis comparativo, sostenemos que la infraestructura jurídica y política en la que están inmersos los ámbitos políticos induce a los conectores a funcionar de forma sistémica. La política de salud, más previsible desde el punto de vista jurídico e institucional que la política para las mujeres, garantiza unas condiciones más favorables para que los actores coordinen sus acciones, para que los temas se debatan y se transmitan, y para que las normas se impugnen y se legitimen. Por lo tanto, afirmamos que los recursos político-institucionales son importantes para que los conectores se ajusten a un sistema participativo y deliberativo en cada área de política pública. Résumé L'article analyse si et comment les conférences et conseils sur la santé et la politique envers les femmes au Minas Gerais interagissent pour former un système participatif et délibératif dans ces domaines politiques. L'article évalue de manière analytique et empirique (1) comment les acteurs, les thèmes et les normes agissent comme connecteurs de ces forums et (2) si ces connexions favorisent un système intégré dans chaque domaine politique. Pour étudier les liens entre les forums, nous avons utilisé quatre techniques de recherche différentes : l'observation des réunions du conseil et de la conférence, l'analyse des documents, l'enquête et les entretiens. Ces techniques ont été mobilisées pour comparer ces deux cas contrastés. À la suite de l'analyse comparative, nous soutenons que l'infrastructure juridique et politique dans laquelle les domaines politiques sont immergés incite les connecteurs à fonctionner de manière systémique. La politique de santé, qui est plus prévisible sur le plan juridique et institutionnel que la politique envers les femmes, assure des conditions plus favorables pour que les acteurs coordonnent leurs actions, pour que les questions soient débattues et transmises, et pour que les normes soient contestées et légitimées. Par conséquent, nous affirmons que les ressources politico-institutionnelles sont importantes pour que les connecteurs se conforment à un système participatif et délibératif dans chacun des domaines politiques analysés.
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- 2022
27. Impact of China's essential medicines scheme and zero-mark-up policy on antibiotic prescriptions in county hospitals: a mixed methods study.
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Wei, Xiaolin, Yin, Jia, Walley, John D., Zhang, Zhitong, Hicks, Joseph P., Zhou, Yu, Sun, Qiang, Zeng, Jun, and Lin, Mei
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- *
ANTIBIOTICS , *DRUG prescribing , *COUNTY hospitals , *CHINESE medicine , *URINARY tract infections , *MEDICAL prescriptions , *ESSENTIAL drugs , *COMPARATIVE studies , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL care costs , *MEDICAL cooperation , *MEDICAL personnel , *HEALTH policy , *PEDIATRICS , *PUBLIC hospitals , *RESEARCH , *RESEARCH funding , *RESPIRATORY infections , *RURAL population , *EVALUATION research , *INAPPROPRIATE prescribing (Medicine) , *ECONOMICS , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the impact of the national essential medicines scheme and zero-mark-up policy on antibiotic prescribing behaviour.Methods: In rural Guangxi, a natural experiment compared one county hospital which implemented the policy with a comparison hospital which did not. All outpatient and inpatient records in 2011 and 2014 were extracted from the two hospitals. Primary outcome indicator was antibiotic prescribing rate (APR) among children aged 2-14 presenting in outpatients with a primary diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). We organised independent physician reviews to determine inappropriate prescribing for inpatients. Difference-in-difference analyses based on multivariate regressions were used to compare APR over time after adjusting potential confounders. We conducted 12 in-depth interviews with paediatricians, hospital directors and health officials.Results: A total of 8219 and 4142 outpatient prescriptions of childhood URTIs were included in the intervention and comparison hospitals, respectively. In 2011, APR was 30% in the intervention and 88% in the comparison hospital. In 2014, the intervention hospital significantly reduced outpatient APR by 21% (95% CI:-23%, -18%), intravenous infusion by 58% (95% CI: -64%, -52%) and prescription cost by 31 USD (95% CI: -35, -28), compared with the controls. We collected 251 inpatient records, but did not find reductions in inappropriate antibiotic use. Interviews revealed that the intervention hospital implemented a thorough antibiotics stewardship programme containing training, peer review of prescriptions and restrictions for overprescribing.Conclusion: The national essential medicines scheme and zero-mark-up policy, when implemented with an antimicrobial stewardship programme, may be associated with reductions in outpatient antibiotic prescribing and intravenous infusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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28. Pandemics, privacy, and public health research
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Bartha Maria Knoppers and Alexander Bernier
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0301 basic medicine ,Canada ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biomedical Research ,Pneumonia, Viral ,education ,030105 genetics & heredity ,Special Section on COVID-19: Commentary ,03 medical and health sciences ,Partage des données ,gouvernance de la santé ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Humans ,Pandemics ,health care economics and organizations ,Health policy ,pandémie ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Correction ,International health ,Health governance ,General Medicine ,Public relations ,3. Good health ,Data sharing ,030104 developmental biology ,Privacy ,Informatics ,politique de santé ,Public Health ,Stewardship ,Coronavirus Infections ,business ,Healthcare providers ,vie privée - Abstract
Sharing data expediently for pandemic response purposes exposes healthcare providers in Canada to significant regulatory uncertainty. Duplicative and contradictory ethical and legal duties flowing from overlapping sources can stifle flows of medical data among clinicians, researchers, and institutions. Authorities should support caregivers and accelerate research by providing clear guidance to the health sector. Institutions should foster robust data stewardship and standardize their practices to those recognized among the international health informatics community. Reform is critical to ensuring Canadian healthcare providers can deliver efficient health responses that are integrated with dispersed and disparate national and international approaches.
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- 2020
29. Les approches One Health pour faire face aux émergences : un nécessaire dialogue Etat-sciences-sociétés
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Marie-Marie Olive, Jean-Luc Angot, Aurélie Binot, Alice Desclaux, Loïc Dombreval, Thierry Lefrançois, Antoine Lury, Mathilde Paul, Marisa Peyre, Frédéric Simard, Jérôme Weinbach, François Roger, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), CONSEIL GENERAL DE L'AGRICULTURE DE L'ALIMENTATION ET DES ESPACES RURAUX, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Assemblée Nationale, Agronomes et Vétérinaires Sans Frontières, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], Direction Générale Déléguée à la Recherche et à la Stratégie (Cirad-Dgdrs), HORIZON, IRD, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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zoonose ,INTERVENTION DE L'ETAT ,coordination ,Organisation non gouvernementale ,Politique sanitaire ,Administration publique ,L73 - Maladies des animaux ,POLITIQUE DE SANTE ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,SANTE ,EPIDEMIE ,General Environmental Science ,[SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,Échange d'information ,Groupe d'intérêt ,General Social Sciences ,PREVENTION SANITAIRE ,approches participatives ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,S50 - Santé humaine ,Maladie infectieuse ,Administration régionale ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Scientifique ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
En mars 2021, Montpellier Université d’excellence (MUSE) et Agropolis International ont réuni des décideurs, acteurs opérationnels, représentants d’organisations internationales et scientifiques pour partager leurs expériences des approches intégrées en santé dans le cadre du concept One Health. Ces échanges intersectoriels fructueux ont croisé les points de vue et ont pointé les obstacles et les enjeux de la mise en œuvre concrète de ces approches. Les participants ont abouti à des propositions pour rendre plus efficace cette mise en œuvre et faire face aux menaces sanitaires émergentes et aux futures pandémies : coconstruire des projets intégrés avec tous les acteurs concernés (citoyens, décideurs politiques, chercheurs, services locaux) ; développer des méthodes d’évaluation de leurs impacts ; former les acteurs ; institutionnaliser et coordonner les actions du niveau local au niveau mondial.
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- 2022
30. La mise en œuvre du plan « Sport, Santé, Bien-être » en région
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Frédéric Illivi and Marina Honta
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education.field_of_study ,Modalities ,activités physiques ,Process (engineering) ,business.industry ,4. Education ,Population ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Plan (drawing) ,Public relations ,inégalités territoriales de santé ,Cohesion (linguistics) ,Order (exchange) ,politique de santé ,Well-being ,inégalités sociales de santé ,programmes locaux de santé ,sports ,education ,business ,Articulation (sociology) - Abstract
INTRODUCTION The regional health agencies (ARS) and the regional Directorates for Youth, Sports and social cohesion (DRJSCS) must collaborate to define, together, the modalities for the implementation of the “Sport, Health and Wellness” plan. Then based on these modalities the actors “providers of physical and sporting activities, (APS)” acting as close to the population (local authorities and their groupings, schools, health, Medical-social, health-sector associations, sports, professionals, etc.) are invited to mobilize themselves to concretely deploy the aims of this plan. METHOD Based on a perspective of sociology of public action, the survey was built on an approach that helped to identify the different actors and their stance. 90 semi-directive interviews were conducted with the public and private actors involved in the implementation of this plan. This corpus was amended by a collection of sources targeted at the case studied and by a treatment of the literature in order to reinforce the results. RESULTS Through the implementation of this plan, the central State promotes collaboration between public and private actors in different sectors. The plurality of interests at hand explains that the articulation of their ways of seeing and doing things remains a particularly complex operation.
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- 2019
31. Social distancing, social justice, and risk during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Silva, Diego S. and Smith, Maxwell J.
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- 2020
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32. Identification of flavouring chemicals and potential toxicants in e-cigarette products in Ontario, Canada
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Czoli, Christine D., Goniewicz, Maciej L., Palumbo, Mary, Leigh, Noel, White, Christine M., and Hammond, David
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- 2019
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33. A “buck a beer,” but at what cost to public health?
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Shield, Kevin D., Probst, Charlotte, and Rehm, Jürgen
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- 2019
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34. Why public health matters today more than ever: the convergence of health and social policy
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Littlejohns, Lori Baugh, Smith, Neale, and Townend, Louise
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- 2019
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35. Healthcare Delivery and the Limits of the National Health Insurance Scheme in Nigeria.
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Asakitikpi, Alex E.
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HEALTH insurance ,HEALTH care reform ,SOCIOCULTURAL factors ,NATIONAL health insurance ,FINANCIAL liberalization - Abstract
Copyright of Africa Development is the property of CODESRIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
36. Is ‘health equity’ bad for our health? A qualitative empirical ethics study of public health policy-makers’ perspectives
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Smith, Maxwell J., Thompson, Alison, and Upshur, Ross E. G.
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- 2018
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37. Santé mentale et psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent: quelles interactions?
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Delvenne, Véronique, Bula-Ibula, Cynthia, Delvenne, Véronique, and Bula-Ibula, Cynthia
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Child psychiatry is a medical specialty with a solid neurobiological, psychosocial, cultural, and developmental basis. It focuses on the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders, but also the prevention of complications and relapse. Mental health, according to the WHO, aims to improve each person's overall well-being, personal accomplishment, and contribution to society. It is therefore not only a health and medical issue, but also a societal issue in general. Given the predictions of increased demand for mental health services, in particular during the coronavirus crisis, it is important to update the definition of these concepts. It is also important to situate the different levels of intervention in Belgium and to clarify the interactions between the multiple partners working in child and adolescent mental health, the purpose here being to preserve and support the specificity of child psychiatry., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2021
38. Whole-of-government approaches to NCDs: the case of the Philippines Interagency Committee--Tobacco.
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Lencucha, Raphael, Drope, Jeffrey, and Chavez, Jenina Joy
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NON-communicable diseases ,TOBACCO & health ,TOBACCO use ,HEALTH policy ,INTERAGENCY coordination ,PHILIPPINE politics & government ,TWENTY-first century ,GOVERNMENT policy ,PREVENTION - Abstract
Copyright of Health Policy & Planning is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2015
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39. Medical pluralism among indigenous peoples in northeast India - implications for health policy.
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Albert, Sandra, Nongrum, Melari, Webb, Emily L., Porter, John D.H., and Kharkongor, Glenn C.
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INTEGRATIVE medicine , *HEALTH policy , *MEDICAL care of indigenous peoples , *AYURVEDIC medicine , *TRADITIONAL medicine - Abstract
Objectives The government of India is promoting and increasing investment in the traditional medicine systems of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy ( AYUSH) in the northeast region of India. But there are few empirical data that support this policy decision. This study estimates the awareness and use of the different medical systems in rural Meghalaya, a state in north-east India with a predominantly ethnic tribal population. Method We conducted a cross-sectional multistage random sample household survey across all districts of Meghalaya. To enable appropriate estimates for the whole of rural Meghalaya, the data were weighted to allow for the probability of selection of households at each stage of the sampling process. Results Both local tribal medicine and biomedicine were widely accepted and used, but the majority (68.7%, 95% CI: 51.9-81.7) had not heard of AYUSH and even fewer had used it. Tribal medicine was used (79.1%, 95% CI 66.3-88.0), thought to be effective (87.5%, 95% CI: 74.2-94.1) and given in a variety of disorders, including both minor and major diseases. In the 3 months prior to the survey, 46.2% (95% CI: 30.5-62.8) had used tribal medicine. Only 10.5% (95% CI: 6.1-17.6) reported ever using any of the AYUSH systems. Conclusion Our comparative estimates of the awareness and use of tribal medicine, different systems of AYUSH and of biomedicine among indigenous populations of India question the basis on which AYUSH is promoted in the northeast region of India and in the state of Meghalaya in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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40. Health policy for sickle cell disease in Africa: experience from Tanzania on interventions to reduce under-five mortality.
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Makani, Julie, Soka, Deogratias, Rwezaula, Stella, Krag, Marlene, Mghamba, Janneth, Ramaiya, Kaushik, Cox, Sharon E., and Grosse, Scott D.
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- *
SICKLE cell anemia , *HEMOGLOBINOPATHY , *HEALTH policy , *MORTALITY , *NON-communicable diseases - Abstract
Tanzania has made considerable progress towards reducing childhood mortality, achieving a 57% decrease between 1980 and 2011. This epidemiological transition will cause a reduction in the contribution of infectious diseases to childhood mortality and increase in contribution from non-communicable diseases ( NCDs). Haemoglobinopathies are amongst the most common childhood NCDs, with sickle cell disease ( SCD) being the commonest haemoglobinopathy in Africa. In Tanzania, 10 313 children with SCD under 5 years of age (U5) are estimated to die every year, contributing an estimated 7% of overall deaths in U5 children. Key policies that governments in Africa are able to implement would reduce mortality in SCD, focusing on newborn screening and comprehensive SCD care programmes. Such programmes would ensure that interventions such as prevention of infections using penicillin plus prompt diagnosis and treatment of complications are provided to all individuals with SCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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41. Política de atención integral en salud (PAIS), “hacia mejores condiciones de la salud” en Colombia
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Campo, José Ospina and Campo, José Ospina
- Abstract
La santé, en tant qu'objectif (OMS, 1983) et fait social, comprend l'accès en temps voulu, acceptable et abordable à des soins de qualité suffisante (OMS, 2017). En Colombie, l'action politique en faveur de la santé ces dernières années s'est concentrée sur la demande et la justice face à ce droit fondamental, rendant nécessaire des discussions critiques, sur le contenu et sur ce sur quoi il est basé (Franco Cortés & Roldán Vargas, 2015). Cet article est construit en appliquant une hypothèse de base de la méthode herméneutique dans le but de comprendre, à partir de la politique globale de soins de santé, promulguée par la résolution 429 de 2016, la réorientation des objectifs du système de santé dans le pays., A saúde, como objectivo (OMS, 1983) e facto social, inclui o acesso atempado, aceitável e acessível a cuidados de saúde de qualidade suficiente (OMS, 2017). Na Colômbia, a acção política para a saúde nos últimos anos tem-se centrado na procura e na justiça face a esta como um direito fundamental, tornando necessárias discussões críticas, do conteúdo e daquilo em que se baseia (Franco Cortés & Roldán Vargas, 2015). Este artigo é construído aplicando um pressuposto básico do método hermenêutico com o objectivo de compreender, a partir da Política Integral de Cuidados de Saúde, promulgada pela Resolução 429 de 2016, a reorientação dos objectivos do sistema de saúde no país., La salud, como objetivo (WHO, 1983) y hecho social, incluye el acceso oportuno, aceptable y asequible a servicios de atención de calidad suficiente (WHO, 2017). En Colombia, la acción política por la salud en los últimos años se ha centrado en la exigencia y la justicia frente a esta como derecho fundamental, haciendo necesario discusiones críticas, del contenido y de aquello que lo fundamenta (Franco Cortés & Roldán Vargas, 2015). Este artículo se construye aplicando un supuesto básico del método hermenéutico con el objetivo de comprender, desde la Política de Atención Integral en Salud, promulgada por la Resolución 429 de 2016, la reorientación de los objetivos del sistema de salud en el país., Health, as an objective (WHO, 1983) and social fact, includes timely, acceptable and affordable access to care of sufficient quality (WHO, 2017). In Colombia, political action for health in recent years has focused on the demand and justice in the face of this as a fundamental right, making necessary critical discussions, of the content and what it is based on (Franco Cortés & Roldán Vargas, 2015). This article is built by applying a basic assumption of the hermeneutic method with the aim of understanding, from the Comprehensive Health Care Policy promulgated by Resolution 429 of 2016, the reorientation of the objectives of the health system in the country.
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- 2020
42. Early career retention of Malawian medical graduates: a retrospective cohort study.
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Mandeville, Kate L., Ulaya, Godwin, Lagarde, Mylene, Gwesele, Lyson, Dzowela, Titha, Hanson, Kara, and Muula, Adamson S.
- Subjects
- *
MEDICAL students , *MALAWIANS , *COHORT analysis , *HIGH-income countries , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *CHI-squared test - Abstract
Objective There have been longstanding concerns over Malawian doctors migrating to high-income countries. Early career is a particularly vulnerable period. After significant policy changes, we examined the retention of recent medical graduates within Malawi and the public sector. Methods We obtained data on graduates between 2006 and 2012 from the University of Malawi College of Medicine and Malawi Ministry of Health. We utilised the alumni network to triangulate official data and contacted graduates directly for missing or uncertain data. Odds ratios and chi-squared tests were employed to investigate relationships by graduation year and gender. Results We traced 256 graduates, with complete information for more than 90%. Nearly 80% of registered doctors were in Malawi (141/178, 79.2%), although the odds of emigration doubled with each year after graduation (odds ratio = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.54-2.56, P < 0.0001). Of the 37 graduates outside Malawi (14.5%), 23 (62.2%) were training in South Africa under a College of Medicine sandwich programme. More than 80% of graduates were working in the public sector (185/218, 82.6%), with the odds declining by 27% for each year after graduation (odds ratio = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.61-0.86, P < 0.0001). Conclusions While most doctors remain in Malawi and the public sector during their early careers, the odds of leaving both increase with time. The majority of graduates outside Malawi are training in South Africa under visa restrictions, reflecting the positive impact of postgraduate training in Malawi. Concerns over attrition from the public sector are valid and require further exploratory work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Tobacco and COVID-19: a crisis within a crisis?
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François Alla, Anne Pasquereau, Ivan Berlin, Pierre Arwidson, Sylvie Quelet, Michaël Schwarzinger, Viêt Nguyen-Thanh, and Romain Guignard
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medicine.medical_specialty ,WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control ,Context (language use) ,Special Section on COVID-19: Commentary ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tobacco Use ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Political science ,Tabac ,Health care ,Pandemic ,Tobacco ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pandemics ,Health policy ,Consumption (economics) ,business.industry ,Public health ,Tobacco control ,Smoking ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,3. Good health ,politique de santé ,Morbidity ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
During the pandemic, the world's media have publicized preliminary findings suggesting that tobacco use is protective against COVID-19. An ad hoc multidisciplinary group was created to address the major public health implications of this messaging. Key messages of this commentary are as follows: 1) The COVID-19 crisis may increase tobacco consumption and decrease access to healthcare. As a result, smoking-related morbidity and mortality could increase in the coming months and years; 2) Smoking and tobacco-related diseases are prognostic factors for severe COVID-19; and 3) In theory, smokers may be at lower risk of COVID-19 infection because of having fewer social contacts. In conclusion, tobacco control is a greater challenge than ever in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public decision-makers must be vigilant in ensuring that public health practices are consistent and compliant with the principles of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. In addition, researchers and the media have a responsibility to be cautious in communicating preliminary results that may promote non-evidence-based research, self-destructive individual behaviours, and commercial agendas.RéSUMé: Pendant la pandémie, des résultats préliminaires sur l’effet protecteur du tabac sur la COVID-19 ont été largement diffusés dans le monde entier. Dans ce contexte, et en raison des questions de santé publique liées à ce sujet, un groupe multidisciplinaire ad hoc a été créé en réponse aux demandes des institutions de santé publique. Les messages clés de ce commentaire sont les suivants : 1) La crise de la COVID-19 pourrait entraîner une augmentation de la consommation de tabac et une diminution de l’accès aux soins. En conséquence, la morbidité et la mortalité liées au tabagisme pourraient augmenter dans les mois et les années à venir; 2) Le tabagisme et les maladies liées au tabac sont des facteurs pronostiques de formes graves de la COVID-19; et 3) Hypothétiquement, les fumeurs, notamment en réduisant la fréquence et la durée des contacts sociaux, pourraient être moins susceptibles d’être contaminés. En conclusion, même pendant et malgré la crise sanitaire due à la pandémie de la COVID-19, la lutte contre le tabagisme reste plus que jamais un défi. Les décideurs publics doivent être particulièrement vigilants pour assurer la cohérence des pratiques publiques, y compris le respect des principes de la Convention-cadre de l’OMS pour la lutte antitabac. Il incombe également aux chercheurs et aux médias de communiquer avec prudence des résultats préliminaires susceptibles de générer des comportements individuels contre-productifs et d’être instrumentalisés à des fins commerciales.
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- 2020
44. Health Care and the Limits of 'Progressive' Neoliberalism: Re-Evaluating the Trade-Health Interface 2006-2019
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Crawford, Mark
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néolibéralisme progressiste ,lcsh:HB71-74 ,lcsh:Economics as a science ,health policy ,politique commerciale ,investment law ,droit des investissements ,lcsh:Economic history and conditions ,trade policy ,progressive neoliberalism ,politique de santé ,lcsh:HC10-1085 ,politique pharmaceutique ,drug policy - Abstract
From 1995 to 2006, Canadian trade policy purported to insulate the Canadian health care system from the effects of trade liberalization, largely through reliance upon key general exclusion clauses in the NAFTA and the GATS and other legal strategies. During the Conservative years 2006-2015 the government de-emphasized these strategies, and (more importantly) the international trade agenda increasingly emphasized investment promotion and patent protection. When the Liberal Party returned to government in 2015, personal, structural, and ideological factors all pointed to the retention of the neoliberal trade agenda, but one which was legitimated by more 'progressive' features, such as side-agreements. This paper traces the evolution of 'progressive neoliberalism' in the trade-health interface and argues that we need to recognize the inherent limitations of an approach that preaches harmony and coherence between domestic health care and international trade law. De 1995 à 2006, la politique commerciale canadienne visait à protéger le système canadien de soins de santé des effets de la libéralisation des échanges, en grande partie en se fiant aux principales clauses générales d'exclusion de l'ALENA et de l'AGCS et à d'autres stratégies juridiques. Pendant les années conservatrices 2006-2015, le gouvernement a mis l'accent sur ces stratégies et, plus important encore, le programme commercial international a de plus en plus mis l'accent sur la promotion des investissements et la protection des brevets. Lorsque le Parti libéral est revenu au gouvernement en 2015, des facteurs personnels, structurels et idéologiques ont tous mis en évidence le maintien du programme commercial néolibéral, mais qui était légitimé par des caractéristiques plus « progressistes », comme les accords parallèles. Cet article retrace l'évolution du « néolibéralisme progressiste » dans l'interface commerce-santé et soutient que nous devons reconnaître les limites inhérentes d'une approche qui prêche l'harmonie et la cohérence entre les soins de santé nationaux et le droit commercial international.
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- 2020
45. Strengths and weaknesses in the implementation of maternal and perinatal death reviews in Tanzania: perceptions, processes and practice.
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Armstrong, C. E., Lange, I. L., Magoma, M., Ferla, C., Filippi, V., and Ronsmans, C.
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- *
PERINATAL death , *SENSORY perception , *MEDICAL practice , *MEDICAL personnel , *COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
Objectives Tanzania institutionalised maternal and perinatal death reviews ( MPDR) in 2006, yet there is scarce evidence on the extent and quality of implementation of the system. We reviewed the national policy documentation and explored stakeholders' involvement in, and perspectives of, the role and practices of MPDR in district and regional hospitals, and assessed current capacity for achieving MPDR. Methods We reviewed the national MPDR guidelines and conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Thirty-two informants in Mara Region were interviewed within health administration and hospitals, and five informants were included at the central level. Interviews were analysed for comparison of statements across health system level, hospital, profession and MPDR experience. Results The current MPDR system does not function adequately to either perform good quality reviews or fulfil the aspiration to capture every facility-based maternal and perinatal death. Informants at all levels express differing understandings of the purpose of MPDR. Hospital reviews fail to identify appropriate challenges and solutions at the facility level. Staff are committed to the process of maternal death review, with routine documentation and reporting, yet action and response are insufficient. Conclusion The confusion between MPDR and maternal death surveillance and response results in a system geared towards data collection and surveillance, failing to explore challenges and solutions from within the remit of the hospital team. This reduces the accountability of the health workers and undermines opportunities to improve quality of care. We recommend initiatives to strengthen the quality of facility-level reviews in order to establish a culture of continuous quality of care improvement and a mechanism of accountability within facilities. Effective facility reviews are an important peer-learning process that should remain central to quality of care improvement strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Policy challenges facing integrated community case management in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Bennett, Sara, George, Asha, Rodriguez, Daniela, Shearer, Jessica, Diallo, Brahima, Konate, Mamadou, Dalglish, Sarah, Juma, Pamela, Namakhoma, Ireen, Banda, Hastings, Chilundo, Baltazar, Mariano, Alda, and Cliff, Julie
- Abstract
Objective: To report an in-depth analysis of policy change for integrated community case management of childhood illness (iCCM) in six sub-Saharan African countries. We analysed how iCCM policies developed and the barriers and facilitators to policy change.Methods: Qualitative retrospective case studies drawing from document reviews, semi-structured interviews and in-country validation workshops were conducted in Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique and Niger. These countries were selected to maximise variation in iCCM policy status, community health worker (CHW) models and different African regions.Results: Country iCCM policies evolved in an ad hoc fashion, but were substantially influenced by the history of primary health care and the nature of CHW programmes. Technical officers within Ministries of Health led iCCM policy change with support from international donors, but neither communities nor political leadership was mobilised. Concerns about achieving the Millennium Development Goals, together with recognition of the shortcomings of existing child health programmes, led to the adoption of iCCM policies. Availability of external financing played a critical role in facilitating policy change.Conclusions: iCCM policy change has been promoted by international agencies, but national governments have struggled to align iCCM with country health systems. Greater investment is needed in tailoring global policy initiatives to match country needs. High-level, political ownership of iCCM policies could facilitate policy change, as could clearer strategies for ensuring the long-term sustainability of such policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Comprehensive health care policy (PAIS), 'towards better health conditions' in Colombia
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Campo, José Ospina
- Subjects
cuidados de saúde primários ,système de santé ,Colombie ,Derecho a la salud ,Direito à saúde ,health policy ,sistema de salud ,droit à la santé ,Colômbia ,Colombia ,sistema de saúde ,soins de santé primaires ,política de saúde ,primary health care ,politique de santé ,Right to health ,atención primaria en salud ,health system ,política de la salud - Abstract
Health, as an objective (WHO, 1983) and social fact, includes timely, acceptable and affordable access to care of sufficient quality (WHO, 2017). In Colombia, political action for health in recent years has focused on the demand and justice in the face of this as a fundamental right, making necessary critical discussions, of the content and what it is based on (Franco Cortés & Roldán Vargas, 2015). This article is built by applying a basic assumption of the hermeneutic method with the aim of understanding, from the Comprehensive Health Care Policy promulgated by Resolution 429 of 2016, the reorientation of the objectives of the health system in the country. La salud, como objetivo (WHO, 1983) y hecho social, incluye el acceso oportuno, aceptable y asequible a servicios de atención de calidad suficiente (WHO, 2017). En Colombia, la acción política por la salud en los últimos años se ha centrado en la exigencia y la justicia frente a esta como derecho fundamental, haciendo necesario discusiones críticas, del contenido y de aquello que lo fundamenta (Franco Cortés & Roldán Vargas, 2015). Este artículo se construye aplicando un supuesto básico del método hermenéutico con el objetivo de comprender, desde la Política de Atención Integral en Salud, promulgada por la Resolución 429 de 2016, la reorientación de los objetivos del sistema de salud en el país. La santé, en tant qu'objectif (OMS, 1983) et fait social, comprend l'accès en temps voulu, acceptable et abordable à des soins de qualité suffisante (OMS, 2017). En Colombie, l'action politique en faveur de la santé ces dernières années s'est concentrée sur la demande et la justice face à ce droit fondamental, rendant nécessaire des discussions critiques, sur le contenu et sur ce sur quoi il est basé (Franco Cortés & Roldán Vargas, 2015). Cet article est construit en appliquant une hypothèse de base de la méthode herméneutique dans le but de comprendre, à partir de la politique globale de soins de santé, promulguée par la résolution 429 de 2016, la réorientation des objectifs du système de santé dans le pays. A saúde, como objectivo (OMS, 1983) e facto social, inclui o acesso atempado, aceitável e acessível a cuidados de saúde de qualidade suficiente (OMS, 2017). Na Colômbia, a acção política para a saúde nos últimos anos tem-se centrado na procura e na justiça face a esta como um direito fundamental, tornando necessárias discussões críticas, do conteúdo e daquilo em que se baseia (Franco Cortés & Roldán Vargas, 2015). Este artigo é construído aplicando um pressuposto básico do método hermenêutico com o objectivo de compreender, a partir da Política Integral de Cuidados de Saúde, promulgada pela Resolução 429 de 2016, a reorientação dos objectivos do sistema de saúde no país.
- Published
- 2020
48. Coût-efficacité en vie réelle du ticagrélor : double thérapie antiplaquettaire pour l'infarctus du myocarde au Québec, Canada
- Author
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Dinea, Daniela, Potter, Brian, and Matteau, Alexis
- Subjects
Ticagrélor ,Ticagrelor ,Cost-effectiveness analysis ,Cost-utility analysis ,Modeling ,Analyse coût-efficacité ,Infarctus du myocarde ,Decision analysis ,Economic evaluation ,Health policy ,Persistence ,Analyse décisionnelle ,Myocardial infarction ,Analyse coût-utilité ,Politique de santé ,Modélisation ,Évaluation économique ,Persistance - Abstract
Au Canada, il y a environ 21 000 décès et 84 069 hospitalisations liés à un infarctus du myocarde (IM) par année, ce qui représente environ 1,27 milliard de dollars canadiens ($ CA) en coûts directs reliés aux traitements aigus et chroniques. Parmi ces traitements, la double thérapie antiplaquettaire (DAPT) a été démontrée efficace pour diminuer le risque de complications reliées à l’IM. Cependant, malgré ces avantages cliniques, la persistance au traitement observée dans la vie réelle au Québec avec le DAPT à base de ticagrélor est inférieure à celle des autres inhibiteurs du récepteur P2Y12. L’objectif de ce projet était d’élaborer un modèle décisionnel permettant d’évaluer le rapport coût-utilité du ticagrélor-DAPT dans des conditions de persistance imparfaite chez les patients québécois souffrant d’IM et ainsi, déterminer si une intervention à l’échelle de la province visant à accroître la persistance serait justifiable. Un arbre de décision, modélisant l’évolution des patients atteints d’un IM sur une période d’un an, a été développé pour comparer quatre durées de persistance avec une observance parfaite avec le ticagrélor-DAPT (3, 6, 9 et 12 mois) à une stratégie d’observance parfaite avec 12 mois de clopidogrel-DAPT (traitement de référence). Trois événements cliniques ont été modélisés : l’IM récurent, le décès cardiovasculaire et le saignement majeur. Les probabilités de ces événements ont été extraites d’essais cliniques randomisés pertinents en utilisant les courbes de survie de Kaplan-Meier publiées. Les utilités nécessaires pour calculer les QALYs ont été dérivées de la littérature. Les coûts ont été estimés à partir de la littérature canadienne et de la liste des médicaments de la Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec et ont été exprimés en $ CA de 2018. L’analyse principale consistait en une simulation probabiliste de Monte-Carlo. À un coût moyen par année de vie gagnée ajustée pour la qualité de vie (QALY) de 43 398 $ CA, les résultats de l’analyse principale ont démontré que 3 mois de ticagrélor-DAPT avait 59,31 % des chances d’être rentable à un seuil décisionnel (« willingness-to-pay ») de 50 000 $ CA par QALY. De plus, les analyses de sensibilité démontrent que le rapport coût-efficacité du ticagrélor-DAPT était sensible au coût du décès cardiovasculaire et au coût du ticagrélor. En présumant un coût de ticagrélor compatible avec un médicament générique, 3 mois, 6 mois et 9 mois de ticagrélor-DAPT étaient dominants et 12 mois de ticagrélor-DAPT avaient une forte probabilité d'être rentable (98,8 %). Cette analyse en arrive aussi à la conclusion que 3 mois de ticagrélor-DAPT sont probablement rentables par rapport à 12 mois de clopidogrel-DAPT. Avec un niveau de preuve de modéré à fort, nous concluons donc qu'aucune intervention particulière n'est justifiée en ce qui concerne la politique provinciale pour améliorer le taux de persistance au ticagrélor après un IM., In Canada, there are approximately 21,000 deaths and 84,069 hospitalizations related to myocardial infarction (MI) per year, representing approximately Can$1.27 billion in direct costs related to acute and chronic care. Despite the demonstrated health benefits of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after an MI, observed real-world persistence to treatment with ticagrelor-based DAPT in Québec is lower than that observed with other P2Y12 receptor inhibitors. The objective of this project was to develop a decision-making model to evaluate the cost-utility ratio of ticagrelor-DAPT under conditions of imperfect persistence in Quebec patients suffering from MI, and thus to determine whether a province-wide intervention to increase persistence would be justifiable. A decision tree describing the patient course in the first year following an MI was developed in order to compare four different durations of persistence with perfect adherence with ticagrelor-DAPT (3, 6, 9 and 12 months) to perfect adherence with a 12-month regimen clopidogrel-DAPT (reference treatment). Three clinical events were modeled: recurrent MI, cardiovascular death and major bleeding. The probabilities of these events were extracted from relevant randomized clinical trials using published Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The utilities needed to calculate the QALYs were derived from the literature. The costs were estimated from the Canadian literature and the list of medications from the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec and were expressed in Can$ 2018. The reference case analysis consisted of a probabilistic Monte Carlo simulation. At a mean cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained of Can$43,398, the results of the base case analysis showed that 3 months of ticagrelor-DAPT had a 59.31% likelihood of being considered cost-effective using a willingness-to-pay threshold of Can$50,000/QALY. Moreover, the sensitivity analyses showed that the cost-effectiveness of ticagrelor-DAPT was sensitive to the cost of cardiovascular death and the cost of ticagrelor. Assuming a cost of ticagrelor compatible with a generic drug, the 4 durations of persistence with ticagrelor-DAPT are almost guaranteed to be profitable. When a generic cost of ticagrelor was assumed, 3 months, 6 months and 9 months of ticagrelor-DAPT were dominant and 12 months of ticagrelor-DAPT were highly likely to be cost-effective (98.8%). This analysis also conclude that as little as 3 months of ticagrelor-DAPT is likely to be cost-effective compared to 12 months of clopidogrel-DAPT. With a moderate to strong level of evidence, we therefore conclude that no specific intervention is warranted at the provincial policy level to improve persistence rate with ticagrelor treatment after MI.
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- 2020
49. Ce que fait la biosécurité à la surveillance des animaux
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Nicolas Fortané, Frédéric Keck, Risques, Travail, Marchés, Etat (RiTME), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac (MQBJC), Laboratoire d'anthropologie sociale (LAS), and École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
health crisis ,Sociology and Political Science ,biosécurité ,050905 science studies ,Education ,History and Philosophy of Science ,animaux ,0601 history and archaeology ,crisis humanitaria ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,060101 anthropology ,Surveillance ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,health policies ,vigilancia ,Santé animale ,05 social sciences ,enfermedad animale ,06 humanities and the arts ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,políticas de salud pública ,animals ,Biosécurité ,maladie animale ,Anthropology ,crise sanitaire ,politique de santé ,surveillance ,animales ,Vétérinaires ,0509 other social sciences ,animal disease ,biosecurity ,bioseguridad - Abstract
De nombreux travaux ont déjà porté sur la façon dont le nouvel impératif de biosécurité a transformé les politiques de santé publique. Si les nouvelles formes de préparation aux crises sanitaires ont bien été étudiées dans le domaine de la santé publique, en revanche, dans le domaine de la gestion des maladies animales, peu de travaux ont pour l’instant cherché à mettre à l’épreuve le concept de biosécurité. Face à ce constat, ce numéro propose une triple inflexion. La première concerne l’instrument central des politiques biosécuritaires : la surveillance des maladies animales. La seconde est méthodologique ; il s’agit d’étudier « par le bas » les pratiques de surveillance. La troisième concerne les formes de connaissances sur les maladies animales et la production et/ou le maintien d’ignorances. Several works have already looked at how the new biosecurity imperative has transformed public health policies. Although the new methods of preparing for health crises have been studied in relation to public health, in the field of animal disease management there has so far been little research to test the concept of biosecurity. To this end, this issue offers a three-dimensional approach. The first is a thematic orientation which concerns the central instrument of biosecurity policies in this era of zoonotic threat: the surveillance of animal disease. The second orientation is methodological; one needs to study surveillance practices “from the bottom up”. The third concerns the new forms of knowledge in relation to animal disease and the production and/or maintenance of ignorance. Un gran numero de trabajos ha analizado cómo el nuevo imperativo de bioseguridad transformó las políticas de salud pública. Si bien es cierto que las nuevas formas de preparación frente a una crisis humanitaria han sido estudiadas desde la perspectiva de la salud pública, existen pocos trabajos que les hayan cuestionado en la óptica de la gestión de las enfermedades animales. Éste número propone ante ello una inflexión triple. La primera es de orden temático y se focaliza en el instrumento central de las políticas de bioseguridad frente a la amenaza zoonótica: la vigilancia de enfermedades animales. La segunda orientación es metodológica: se necesita estudiar «desde abajo» las prácticas de vigilancia. La tercera se enfoca en las nuevas formas de conocimiento de las enfermedades animales y en la producción y/o mantenimiento de la ignorancia.
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- 2020
50. Implication des élus locaux dans les politiques de santé mentale
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Porta Bonete, Florian, UB, Médecine, Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Kévin Rossini
- Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,collectivités territoriales ,Contrat Local de Santé (CLS) ,Politique de santé ,[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Projet Territorial de Santé Mentale (PTSM) ,démocratie sanitaire ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Conseil Local de Santé Mentale (CLSM) ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
L’avènement et le développement des pratiques de démocratie sanitaire sont une des grandes évolutions des dernières décennies en santé. A ce titre, de nombreux acteurs sont mobilisés, dont les responsables politiques. En France, la gouvernance politique en santé est historiquement marquée par une prégnance de l’Etat central et de son administration déconcentrée (les Agences Régionales de Santé). Pour autant, les politiques de santé ne semblent pas rester à l’écart des mouvements de décentralisation et de territorialisation des politiques publiques. Ainsi, quelle est la place des élus locaux et des collectivités territoriales dans les politiques de santé ? Comment cette place se décline-t-elle dans le champ spécifique qu’est la santé mentale ? C’est par une revue de la littérature, complétée par une étude de cas, que nous tentons de répondre à ces deux questions. Dans le domaine sanitaire, plusieurs processus ont contribué à légitimer la place des élus locaux en santé, notamment l’accent mis sur la territorialisation de la santé ou l’émergence, au niveau international comme national, du mouvement de santé dite communautaire. Au total, les élus locaux ont peu d’obligations légales, mais de réelles possibilités d’action, souvent encouragées par la population. La santé mentale a, en plus de décliner les dynamiques applicables à la santé en général, ses caractéristiques propres : sectorisation, importance du mouvement de psychiatrie dite citoyenne, visibilité sociale des troubles mentaux. Les élus locaux, en particulier municipaux, sont souvent confrontés à des situations problématiques, de crise ou chroniques. En outre, les maires peuvent, sur la base d’un avis médical, initier des Hospitalisations Sans Consentement par Admission en Soins Psychiatriques sur Décision du Représentant de l’Etat (ASPDRE). Souvent sollicités, mais aux capacités d’action hétérogènes, ils apparaissent comme étant en première ligne face à de nombreux enjeux de santé mentale. Nous avons mis en perspective ces données par une étude de cas, auprès d’élus municipaux, dans le territoire de Bordeaux Métropole, à l’aune du mandat 2020-2026. Ce territoire allie volonté d’action politique en santé et prévalence élevée de troubles mentaux. Besoin de formation, de coordination avec les autres acteurs, mais aussi de psychiatrie publique efficiente sur laquelle pouvoir s’appuyer, sont les maîtres-mots des attentes des élus municipaux rencontrés. La crise sanitaire du COVID-19 a, plus récemment, suscité de nombreuses interrogations sur la gouvernance sanitaire. Il sera instructif d’en étudier, au décours, les conséquences sur son organisation et la place à venir des collectivités territoriales.
- Published
- 2020
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