27 results on '"Pizzeghello, D."'
Search Results
2. Effectiveness of humic substances and phenolic compounds in regulating plant-biological functionality
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Muscolo, A., Pizzeghello, D., Francioso, Ornella, Sánchez-Cortés, Santiago, Nardi, S., Muscolo, A., Pizzeghello, D., Francioso, Ornella, Sánchez-Cortés, Santiago, and Nardi, S.
- Abstract
Significant benefit of soil organic matter (SOM) to crop productivity is scientifically well documented. The main constituents and active fractions of SOM are humic substances (HS) and phenolic compounds. Since both these two components strongly impact plant-soil relationship, it is importantly from an ecological point of view to discriminate their biological effects and relating them to their composition. In this study we compared the biological effects of HS, and the soil water soluble phenols (SWSP) on growth, antioxidant activities, carbohydrates, proteins, phenols, and vitamins of Pinus laricio callus. Each extract was assessed for the content of low molecular weight organic acids, soluble carbohydrates, fatty acids, and phenolic acids. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopies were applied to study their molecular structure. The results showed that HS produced better callus growth compared to the control and SWSP. Carbohydrates decreased in presence of HS while proteins, vitamin C and E increased. In contrast, in callus treated with SWSP the amount of glucose and fructose increased as well as all the antioxidant activities. The data evidenced that HS rich in tartaric and fatty acids had beneficial effects on callus growth contrary to soil water-soluble phenols rich in aldehydes, and syringic, ferulic, and benzoic acids.
- Published
- 2020
3. Ambienti per animali: tra fonti, archeologia e scienza, Roman buildings for animals: between sources, archeology and science
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Busana, M. S., Migliavacca, M., Pizzeghello, D., and Nardi, S.
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allevamento antico, analisi chimica dei suoli, interdisciplinarietà ,analisi chimica dei suoli ,allevamento antico ,interdisciplinarietà - Published
- 2016
4. Agro-industrial residues and their biological activity on maize (Zea mays L.) metabolism
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Cadili, V, Ertani, Andrea, Pizzeghello, D, Baglieri, A, Gennari, M, and Nardi, Serenella
- Published
- 2011
5. Capsicum chinensis L. growth and nutraceutical properties are enhanced by biostimulants in a long-term period: Chemical and metabolomic approaches
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Ertani, A., Pizzeghello, D., Francioso, Ornella, Sambo, P., Sánchez-Cortés, Santiago, Nardi, S., Ertani, A., Pizzeghello, D., Francioso, Ornella, Sambo, P., Sánchez-Cortés, Santiago, and Nardi, S.
- Abstract
Two biostimulants, one derived from alfalfa plants (AH) and the other obtained from red grape (RG), were chemically characterized using enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assays, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies. Two doses (50 and 100 mL L-1 for RG, and 25 and 50mL L-1 for AH) of biostimulants were applied to Capsicum chinensis L. plants cultivated in pots inside a tunnel. The experimental design consisted of the factorial combination of treatment (no biostimulant, plus AH, plus RG) at three doses (zero, low, and high) and two time-course applications (at the second and fourth week after transplantation) and the effects were recorded at flowering and maturity. Both biostimulants contained different amounts of indoleacetic acid and isopentenyladenosine; the AH spectra exhibited amino acid functional groups in the peptidic structure, while the RG spectra showed the presence of polyphenols, such as resveratrol. These results revealed that at flowering, RG and AH increased the weights of fresh leaves and fruits and the number of green fruits, whereas at maturity, the biostimulants most affected the fresh weight and number of red fruits. At flowering, the leaves of the treated plants contained high amounts of epicatechin, ascorbic acid, quercetin, and dihydrocapsaicin. At maturity, the leaves of the treated plants exhibited elevated amounts of fructose, glucose, chlorogenic, and ferulic acids. Moreover, green fruits exhibited a high content of chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid and antioxidant activity, while both AH- and RG-treated red fruits were highly endowed in capsaicin. The 1H high-resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS)-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of red fruits revealed that both products induced a high amount of NADP+, whereas RG also increased glucose, fumarate, ascorbate, thymidine and high molecular weight species. Our results suggested that AH and RG promoted plant growth and the production of secondary
- Published
- 2014
6. Effect of humic substances extracted from pasture and forested soils on plant metabolism
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Sessi, E., Pizzeghello, D., Reniero, F., Tomasi, M., Siena, C., Nicolini, G., and Serenella Nardi
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Settore BIO/01 - BOTANICA GENERALE ,NMR spectra ,NADH oxidase ,IAA content ,Peroxidase and esterase activities ,Humic matter - Published
- 2001
7. Agricoltura e allevamento nell'agro orientale di Altinum: il caso di Ca' Tron
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Busana, M.S., Basso, P., Bon, M., Cerato, I., Garavello, S., Ghiotto, A.R., Migliavacca, M., Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Zampieri, S., Busana, M.S., Basso, P., Bon, M., Cerato, I., Garavello, S., Ghiotto, A.R., Migliavacca, M., Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., and Zampieri, S.
- Abstract
Since 2000 a multidisciplinary team of archaeologists, geologists and paleobotanists has been carrying out joint investigations at Ca’ Tron, a 11 km2 estate located at the northern lagoon of Venice and included in the east countryside of the ancient Venetian-Roman Altinum. During the systematic survey conducted in Ca’ Tron estate nine Roman sites were identified, three of which were excavated in extension. Two rural settlements are analyzed in this paper, both attended since Ist to IV-V th century AD, having different planimetric features and economic role: the first one was a farm with several outbuildings, the second one was specialized in breeding sheep, with a large rectangular building, interpretable as a sheepfold on the basis of comparison with the Roman “bergeries” investigated in the Crau of Arles (Provence). Particularly relevant to the understanding of economic activities were the micromorphological analysis of soil types, chemical and biological, especially to clarify the functions of spaces and rooms, and the study of the archaeozoological finds. The results of chemical analyses support the archaeological interpretation of the remains of the two Roman rural sites, and suggest that some buildings were stables for bred cattle, showing that the site is particularly rich with P and organic matter of not-vegetable origin. Analyses of the Phosphorus, Carbon and Nitrogen content of the soil, together with Elemental Ratios, were applied. Two different methods (ignition and hydrolysis with perchloric acid) were used to determine the phosphorus content: their reliability is discussed. The faunal remains studied, though not very large in number, allow nevertheless to understand the management of farm animals and the economic system within the two rural complexes. Samples from both the two sites, A and M, share the almost exclusive presence of only the main domestic stock-raising species: bovines, caprovines and swine. Animals appears to have been exploited not onl
- Published
- 2012
8. Thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and drift spectroscopy applied to investigate the evolution of humic acids in forest soil at different vegetation stages
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Montecchio, D, Francioso, O, Carletti, P, Pizzeghello, D, Chersich, S, Previtali, F, Nardi, S, Nardi, S., PREVITALI, FRANCO, Montecchio, D, Francioso, O, Carletti, P, Pizzeghello, D, Chersich, S, Previtali, F, Nardi, S, Nardi, S., and PREVITALI, FRANCO
- Abstract
Humic acids (HAs) extracted from soils developed under two Norwegian spruce (Picea abies, (L.) Karst) subalpine forests of northern Italy were characterized using chemical, thermal (TG-DTA) and spectroscopic (DRIFT) analyses. The samples were taken from five sites which differed in orientation (northern and southern exposure) and vegetal cover at different old age: grassland, regeneration, immature and mature stands. In general, the thermal patterns of HAs were similar (three exothermic reactions appeared around at 300, 400 and 500 degrees C) in both sites in grasslands and regeneration while a considerable modification appeared in HA from stands of different age at northern and southern exposure site. DRIFT spectroscopy confirmed the differences observed through TG-DTA analysis. In particular the main structural changes were ascribed to modification of carbonyl group and of CH stretching in aliphatic components in each HAs from different sites.
- Published
- 2006
9. Chemical and biological characterization of dissolved organic matter from silver fir and beech forest soils
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Pizzeghello, D., primary, Zanella, A., additional, Carletti, P., additional, and Nardi, S., additional
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- 2006
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10. Biological activity of soil organic matter mobilized by root exudates
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Nardi, S., primary, Sessi, E, additional, Pizzeghello, D, additional, Sturaro, A, additional, Rella, R, additional, and Parvoli, G, additional
- Published
- 2002
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11. Soil organic matter mobilization by root exudates
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Nardi, S, primary, Concheri, G, additional, Pizzeghello, D, additional, Sturaro, A, additional, Rella, R, additional, and Parvoli, G, additional
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- 2000
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12. Chemical analyses of an Iron age floor deposit at Rotzo (Vicenza, Italy)
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Mara Gioia MIGLIAVACCA, Pizzeghello, D. Ertani A., and Nardi, S.
13. Cà Tron (Saggio 8): prelievo di campioni di terreno per un’analisi del contenuto in fosforo, in La Tenuta di Ca’Tron (Roncade-Tv/Meolo-Ve): le indagini su un edificio rustico (a cura di Maria Stella Busana), in QdAV, XXI, 2005
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Mara Gioia MIGLIAVACCA, Nardi, S., and Pizzeghello, D.
14. Editorial: Molecular characterization of humic substances and regulatory processes activated in plants, volume II.
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Nardi S, Schiavon M, Muscolo A, Pizzeghello D, Ertani A, Canellas LP, and Garcia-Mina JM
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.
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- 2024
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15. Phosphorus Acquisition Efficiency and Transcriptomic Changes in Maize Plants Treated with Two Lignohumates.
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Santoro V, Della Lucia MC, Francioso O, Stevanato P, Bertoldo G, Borella M, Ferrari E, Zaccone C, Schiavon M, Pizzeghello D, and Nardi S
- Abstract
Lignohumates are increasing in popularity in agriculture, but their chemistry and effects on plants vary based on the source and processing. The present study evaluated the ability of two humates (H1 and H2) to boost maize plant performance under different phosphorus (P) availability (25 and 250 μM) conditions in hydroponics, while understanding the underlying mechanisms. Humates differed in chemical composition, as revealed via elemental analysis, phenol and phytohormone content, and thermal and spectroscopic analyses. H1 outperformed H2 in triggering plant responses to low phosphorus by enhancing phosphatase and phytase enzymes, P acquisition efficiency, and biomass production. It contained higher levels of endogenous auxins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid, likely acting together to stimulate plant growth. H1 also improved the plant antioxidant capacity, thus potentially increasing plant resilience to external stresses. Both humates increased the nitrogen (N) content and acted as biostimulants for P and N acquisition. Consistent with the physiological and biochemical data, H1 upregulated genes involved in growth, hormone signaling and defense in all plants, and in P recycling particularly under low-P conditions. In conclusion, H1 showed promising potential for effective plant growth and nutrient utilization, especially in low-P plants, involving hormonal modulation, antioxidant enhancement, the stimulation of P uptake and P-recycling mechanisms.
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- 2023
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16. Editorial: Molecular Characterization of Humic Substances and Regulatory Processes Activated in Plants.
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Nardi S, Schiavon M, Muscolo A, Pizzeghello D, Ertani A, Canellas LP, and Garcia-Mina JM
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Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2022
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17. Bioactivity of Size-Fractionated and Unfractionated Humic Substances From Two Forest Soils and Comparative Effects on N and S Metabolism, Nutrition, and Root Anatomy of Allium sativum L.
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Pizzeghello D, Schiavon M, Francioso O, Dalla Vecchia F, Ertani A, and Nardi S
- Abstract
Humic substances (HS) are powerful natural plant biostimulants. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the relationship between their structure and bioactivity in plants. We extracted HS (THE1-2) from two forest soils covered with Pinus mugo (1) or Pinus sylvestris (2). The extracts were subjected to weak acid treatment to produce size-fractionated HS (high molecular size, HMS1-2; low molecular size, LMS1-2). HS were characterized for total acidity, functional groups, element and auxin (IAA) contents, and hormone-like activity. HS concentrations ranging from 0 to 5 mg C L
-1 were applied to garlic ( Allium sativum L.) plantlets in hydroponics to ascertain differences between unfractionated and size-fractionated HS in the capacity to promote mineral nutrition, root growth and cell differentiation, activity of enzymes related to plant development (invertase, peroxidase, and esterase), and N (nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase) and S (O-acetylserine sulphydrylase) assimilation into amino acids. A positive linear dose-response relationship was determined for all HS in the range 0-1 mg C L-1 , while higher HS doses were less effective or ineffective in promoting physiological-biochemical attributes of garlic. Bioactivity was higher for size-fractionated HS according to the trend LMS1-2>HMS1-2>THE1-2, with LMS2 and HMS2 being overall more bioactive than LMS1 and HMS1, respectively. LMS1-2 contained more N, oxygenated functional groups and IAA compared to THE1-2 and HMS1-2. Also, they exhibited higher hormone-like activities. Such chemical properties likely accounted for the greater biostimulant action of LMS1-2. Beside plant growth, nutrition and N metabolism, HS stimulated S assimilation by promoting the enrichment of garlic plantlets with the S amino acid alliin, which has recognized beneficial properties in human health. Concluding, this study endorses that i) treating THE with a weak acid produced sized-fractionated HS with higher bioactivity and differing in properties, perhaps because of novel molecular arrangements of HS components that better interacted with garlic roots; ii) LMS from forest soils covered with P. mugo or P. sylvestris were the most bioactive; iii) the cover vegetation affected HS bioactivity iv); HS stimulated N and S metabolism with relevant benefits to crop nutritional quality., (Copyright © 2020 Pizzeghello, Schiavon, Francioso, Dalla Vecchia, Ertani and Nardi.)- Published
- 2020
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18. Molecular and Morphological Changes Induced by Leonardite-based Biostimulant in Beta vulgaris L.
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Barone V, Bertoldo G, Magro F, Broccanello C, Puglisi I, Baglieri A, Cagnin M, Concheri G, Squartini A, Pizzeghello D, Nardi S, and Stevanato P
- Abstract
Humic substances extracted from leonardite are widely considered to be bioactive compounds, influencing the whole-plant physiology and the crop yield. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of a new formulate based on leonardite in the early stage of growth of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.). A commercial preparation of leonardite (BLACKJAK) was characterized by ionomic analysis, solid-state
13 C MAS NMR spectroscopy. Seedlings of sugar beet were grown in Hoagland's solution under controlled conditions. After five days of growth, an aliquot of the concentrated BLACKJAK was added to the solution to obtain a final dilution of 1:1000 (0.5 mg C L-1 ). The sugar beet response in the early stage of growth was determined by evaluating root morphological traits as well as the changes in the expression of 53 genes related to key morphophysiological processes. Root morphological traits, such as total root length, fine root length (average diameter < 0.5 mm), and number of root tips, were significantly ( p < 0.001) increased in plants treated with BLACKJAK, compared to the untreated plants at all sampling times. At the molecular level, BLACKJAK treatment upregulated many of the evaluated genes. Moreover, both Real Time PCR and digital PCR showed that genes involved in hormonal response, such as PIN, ARF3, LOGL 10, GID1, and BRI1, were significantly ( p < 0.05) upregulated by treatment with BLACKJAK. Our study provides essential information to understand the effect of a leonardite-based formulate on plant growth hormone metabolism, although the molecular and physiological basis for these complicated regulatory mechanisms deserve further investigations., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.- Published
- 2019
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19. Evaluation of Seaweed Extracts From Laminaria and Ascophyllum nodosum spp. as Biostimulants in Zea mays L. Using a Combination of Chemical, Biochemical and Morphological Approaches.
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Ertani A, Francioso O, Tinti A, Schiavon M, Pizzeghello D, and Nardi S
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Seaweed extracts can be employed as biostimulants during crop cultivation owing to their positive effects on plant performance. Therefore, in this study one extract from Laminaria (A) and five extracts from Ascophyllum nodosum (B-F) were assayed on maize ( Zea mays L.) plants supplied for 2 days with 0.5 mL L
-1 of single products to evaluate their capacity to stimulate root growth and morphology, nutrition, and sugars accumulation. Firstly, extracts were chemically characterized via Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectroscopies, and their content in carbon, nitrogen, phenolic acids and hormones (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA, and Isopentenyladenosine, IPA) was quantified. The auxin like- and gibberellic acid -like activities of all extracts were also determined. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra provided complementary information depicting distinct spectral pattern for each extract. Bands assigned to alginic and uronic acids were dominant in FT-IR spectra, while those corresponding to polyaromatic rings were evident in FT-Raman spectra. In general, extracts stimulated root growth, nutrition, esterase activity, and sugar content. However, they showed high variation in chemical features, which may explain their different capacity in triggering physiological responses in maize. Among A. nodosum extracts for instance, E was the most efficient in promoting root morphology traits, likely because of its elevate content in IAA (32.43 nM), while F extract was the highest in phenol content (1,933 mg L-1 ) and the most successful in improving plant nutrition. On the other hand, C extract was very effective in stimulating root elongation, but did not influence plant nutrition. B and D extracts induced similar positive effects on plants, although they greatly varied in chemical composition. Laminaria extract (A) differed from A. nodosum extracts, because of its low content in total phenols and the presence of both IAA- and GA-like activity. We conclude that all seaweed extracts acted as biostimulants in maize, but their chemical properties appeared crucial in predicting the physiological response preferentially elicited by individual seaweed extracts.- Published
- 2018
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20. Innovative Approaches to Evaluate Sugar Beet Responses to Changes in Sulfate Availability.
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Stevanato P, Broccanello C, Moliterni VMC, Mandolino G, Barone V, Lucini L, Bertoldo G, Bertaggia M, Cagnin M, Pizzeghello D, Baglieri A, Squartini A, Concheri G, and Nardi S
- Abstract
In this study, a system based on omics profiling was set-up for sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris ) evaluation after changes in sulfate availability. Seedlings were grown on sulfate-deprived Hoagland solution. Six days after germination, 100 μM MgSO
4 was added to the solution. Root samples were collected 36 h after treatments. WinRHIZO root-scanning approach was used for the automated image analysis of plant root morphology. Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF) were used for ionomic and metabolic analysis, respectively. Nanofluidic real-time PCR (OpenArray system) was used for molecular profiling. OpenArray chips were designed with TaqMan probes for 53 sugar beet genes putatively involved in sulfate nutrition. At morphological level treated seedlings showed significantly higher values ( P < 0.01) than untreated plants for root traits related to soil exploration and nutrient uptake, such as total root length, fine roots length and root tips number. ICP-OES, Q-TOF and transcriptomic data revealed changes due to sulfate availability in sugar beet samples. Two key results are highlighted in sulfate-supplied roots and leaves. Firstly, high expression levels of auxin efflux carrier component 1 (PIN) and 5-phosphoribosyl-anthranilate, precursor of tryptophan and auxin synthesis, were observed in roots. Secondly, high levels of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin BAS1, chloroplastic, thioredoxin reductase (NADPH) and cysteine synthase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic, O- acetylserine sulfhydrylase, involved in protection against oxidative stress and cysteine synthase activity, respectively, were observed in leaves. Based on our findings, the combination of evaluated omics approaches could become a key system for the evaluation of the nutritional status of sugar beet under different nutrient availability conditions.- Published
- 2018
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21. Biological Activity of Vegetal Extracts Containing Phenols on Plant Metabolism.
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Ertani A, Pizzeghello D, Francioso O, Tinti A, and Nardi S
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- Biomass, Indoleacetic Acids chemistry, Indoleacetic Acids pharmacology, Isopentenyladenosine chemistry, Isopentenyladenosine pharmacology, Phenols analysis, Phenols pharmacology, Plant Extracts analysis, Plant Growth Regulators chemistry, Plant Growth Regulators pharmacology, Plant Leaves drug effects, Plant Leaves growth & development, Plant Roots drug effects, Plant Roots growth & development, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Zea mays drug effects, Blueberry Plants chemistry, Crataegus chemistry, Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase metabolism, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Vitis chemistry, Zea mays growth & development
- Abstract
The influence of vegetal extracts derived from red grape, blueberry fruits and hawthorn leaves on Zea mays L. plant growth and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), a key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway, was investigated in laboratory experiments. The extracts were characterized using FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies in order to obtain a pattern of the main functional groups. In addition, phenols content was determined by HPLC, whereas the content of indoleacetic acid and isopentenyladenosine hormones was determined by ELISA test and the auxin and gibberellin-like activities by plant-bioassays. The treated maize revealed increased root and leaf biomass, chlorophyll and sugars content with respect to untreated plants. Hawthorn, red grape skin and blueberry at 1.0 mL/L induced high p-coumaric content values, whilst hawthorn also showed high amounts of gallic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids. PAL activity induced by hawthorn at 1.0 mL/L had the highest values (11.1-fold UNT) and was strongly and linearly related with the sum of leaf phenols. Our results suggest that these vegetal extracts contain more than one group of plant-promoting substances.
- Published
- 2016
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22. Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Succession in Different Substrates as Affected by the Co-Application of Three Pesticides.
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Cardinali A, Pizzeghello D, and Zanin G
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- Environmental Monitoring, Epoxy Compounds analysis, Half-Life, Methacrylates analysis, Phenylurea Compounds analysis, Pyrimidines analysis, Soil Microbiology, Strobilurins, Time Factors, Triazoles analysis, Fatty Acids analysis, Pesticides analysis, Soil chemistry
- Abstract
Introduction: In intensive agriculture areas the use of pesticides can alter soil properties and microbial community structure with the risk of reducing soil quality., Materials and Methods: In this study the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) evolution has been studied in a factorial lab experiment combining five substrates (a soil, two aged composts and their mixtures) treated with a co-application of three pesticides (azoxystrobin, chlorotoluron and epoxiconazole), with two extraction methods, and two incubation times (0 and 58 days). FAMEs extraction followed the microbial identification system (MIDI) and ester-linked method (EL)., Results and Discussion: The pesticides showed high persistence, as revealed by half-life (t1/2) values ranging from 168 to 298 days, which confirms their recalcitrance to degradation. However, t1/2 values were affected by substrate and compost age down to 8 days for chlorotoluron in S and up to 453 days for epoxiconazole in 12M. Fifty-six FAMEs were detected. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the EL method detected a higher number of FAMEs and unique FAMEs than the MIDI one, whereas principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted that the monosaturated 18:1ω9c and cyclopropane 19:0ω10c/19ω6 were the most significant FAMEs grouping by extraction method. The cyclopropyl to monoenoic acids ratio evidenced higher stress conditions when pesticides were applied to compost and compost+soil than solely soil, as well as with final time., Conclusion: Overall, FAMEs profiles showed the importance of the extraction method for both substrate and incubation time, the t1/2 values highlighted the effectiveness of solely soil and the less mature compost in reducing the persistence of pesticides.
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- 2015
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23. Snow vole (Chionomys nivalis Martins) affects the redistribution of soil organic matter and hormone-like activity in the alpine ecosystem: ecological implications.
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Pizzeghello D, Cocco S, Francioso O, Ferrari E, Cardinali A, Nardi S, Agnelli A, and Corti G
- Abstract
In alpine environments, colonies of snow vole (Chionomys nivalis Martins) cause strong pedoturbation, which may affect humification process and soil organic matter (SOM) cycling, with repercussions on the hormone-like activity of organics. We investigated the effect of snow vole pedoturbation on the chemical and spectroscopic features of soil organic fractions, and the potential hormone-like activity of humic and fulvic acids (HA, FA). The study site was located on the high-mountain environment of the Majella massif (central Italy). Pedoturbated and regular soils were morphologically described and characterized for pH and content of total organic carbon, total extractable carbon, HA, and FA. Both HA and FA were extracted and investigated using attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared (ATR/FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance with high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS-NMR), and (1)H-(13)C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC). HA and FA were also tested for their auxin-like and gibberellin-like activities. Results provide evidences that bioturbated and regular soils contain a poorly decomposed SOM, but HA and FA with a well-defined molecular structure. The HA and FA from both bioturbated and regular soils show a hormone-like activity with a different allocation along the soil profile. In the regular soil, the highest auxin-like activity was shown by HA and FA from Oe1 horizon, while gibberellin-like activity was expressed by FA from Oe2 horizon. Burrowing activity determines a redistribution of organics throughout the profile with a relatively high auxin-like activity in the FA from straw tunnel wall (STW) and gibberellin-like activity in the HA from vole feces (VF). The relative high presence of carboxylic acids, amides, proteins, and amino acids in the FA from STW and the aromatic moieties in the HA from VF put evidences for their different behavior. The fact that snow vole activity has modified the chemical and biological properties of SOM in these soils otherwise considered governed only by low temperature has important ecological implications such as the preservation of soil fertility and vegetal biodiversity.
- Published
- 2015
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24. Capsicum chinensis L. growth and nutraceutical properties are enhanced by biostimulants in a long-term period: chemical and metabolomic approaches.
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Ertani A, Pizzeghello D, Francioso O, Sambo P, Sanchez-Cortes S, and Nardi S
- Abstract
Two biostimulants, one derived from alfalfa plants (AH) and the other obtained from red grape (RG), were chemically characterized using enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assays, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies. Two doses (50 and 100 mL L(-1) for RG, and 25 and 50 mL L(-1) for AH) of biostimulants were applied to Capsicum chinensis L. plants cultivated in pots inside a tunnel. The experimental design consisted of the factorial combination of treatment (no biostimulant, plus AH, plus RG) at three doses (zero, low, and high) and two time-course applications (at the second and fourth week after transplantation) and the effects were recorded at flowering and maturity. Both biostimulants contained different amounts of indoleacetic acid and isopentenyladenosine; the AH spectra exhibited amino acid functional groups in the peptidic structure, while the RG spectra showed the presence of polyphenols, such as resveratrol. These results revealed that at flowering, RG and AH increased the weights of fresh leaves and fruits and the number of green fruits, whereas at maturity, the biostimulants most affected the fresh weight and number of red fruits. At flowering, the leaves of the treated plants contained high amounts of epicatechin, ascorbic acid, quercetin, and dihydrocapsaicin. At maturity, the leaves of the treated plants exhibited elevated amounts of fructose, glucose, chlorogenic, and ferulic acids. Moreover, green fruits exhibited a high content of chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid and antioxidant activity, while both AH- and RG-treated red fruits were highly endowed in capsaicin. The (1)H high-resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS)-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of red fruits revealed that both products induced a high amount of NADP(+), whereas RG also increased glucose, fumarate, ascorbate, thymidine and high molecular weight species. Our results suggested that AH and RG promoted plant growth and the production of secondary metabolites, such as phenols.
- Published
- 2014
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25. Effect of low molecular size humic substances on nitrate uptake and expression of genes involved in nitrate transport in maize (Zea mays L.).
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Quaggiotti S, Ruperti B, Pizzeghello D, Francioso O, Tugnoli V, and Nardi S
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- Actins genetics, Animals, Base Sequence, Biological Transport drug effects, DNA Primers, Indoleacetic Acids metabolism, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Molecular Weight, Oligochaeta, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Roots metabolism, Proton-Translocating ATPases genetics, Proton-Translocating ATPases metabolism, Ubiquitin genetics, Humic Substances, Nitrates metabolism, Zea mays genetics, Zea mays metabolism
- Abstract
In this study, a detailed characterization of earthworm low molecular size humic substances (LMS) was performed and these substances were used to study their effect on the nitrate influx in roots, tissue nitrate content, and expression of maize genes putatively involved in nitrate uptake in maize (Zea mays L.). The results show that the humic fraction with low molecular size used in this study is endowed with the characteristic structural network described for most humic substances so far isolated and confirm the presence of IAA in this fraction. The results also show that the LMS fraction of humic substances stimulates the uptake of nitrate by roots and the accumulation of the anion at the leaf level. Moreover, the analysis of the expression of genes encoding two putative maize nitrate transporters (ZmNrt2.1 and ZmNrt1.1) and of two maize H(+)-ATPase isoforms (Mha1 and Mha2) show that these substances may exert direct effects on gene transcription in roots, as shown for the Mha2 gene, and long-distance effects in shoots, as observed for the ZmNrt2.1 gene.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Hormone-like activities of humic substances in different forest ecosystems.
- Author
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Pizzeghello D, Nicolini G, and Nardi S
- Abstract
• In order to understand the phytohormone-like activity of humic substances (HS) with respect to vegetation, different forest ecosystems were considered. For this study, 32 soil horizons from a large area of northern Italy typical for silver fir ( Abies alba ) were evaluated. • The development of organic and humic matter in the five silver fir forest types was assessed by quantifying chemical and biochemical parameters. Phytohormone-like activity of HS was evaluated by measuring auxin-like (indoleacetic acid (IAA)-like) and gibberellin-like (GA-like) activities as well as invertase and peroxidase activities. • Differences between ecosystems were obtained by comparing the five silver fir types with previous work in beech forests, which investigated three large groups: thermophilous, mesophilous and acidophilous. In these eight forests it was reconfirmed that acid conditions were essential for the release of the IAA-like activity, whereas neutral conditions promoted GA-like activity. • Humic substances are of ecological importance because their phytohormone-like activity stands out not only within the five silver fir forest types, but also between the silver fir and beech types. Our results demonstrated a different collocation of the hormone-like activity along the profile in accordance with the different growth conditions, seed germination and the first stage of seedling growth. Humic substances evoke the greatest response on seed germination and on the first stage of seedling growth, particularly in stressed environmental conditions.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Hormone-like activity of humic substances in Fagus sylvaticae forests.
- Author
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Pizzeghello D, Nicolini G, and Nardi S
- Abstract
• Soil A horizons from a large area typical for beech (Fagus sylvatica) in northern Italy were investigated to understand the phyto-hormone-like activity of humic substances (HS) with respect to the vegetation. These soils had developed under thermophilous (Cephalonthero-Fagion with Carici albae-Fagetum), mesophilous (Fagion sylvaticae with Dentario pentaphylli-Fagetum and Galio-odourati-Fagetum) or acidophilous (Luzulo-Fagion with Luzulo niveae-Fagetum) beech forests. • The development of organic and humic matter in the three forest types was assessed by quantifying chemical parameters. Phyto-hormone-like activity of HS was evaluated by measuring auxin-like (IAA
like ) and gibberellin-like (GAlike ) activity as well as IAA concentration, invertase and peroxidase activities. • Soil pH differed between the forest types. Soil C: N distinguished the thermophilous and the mesophilous from the acidophilous types but did not distinguish thermophilous from the mesophilous types. Phyto-hormone-like activity of HS varied significantly across the beech forests. Acid conditions were essential for the release of IAAlike activity whereas neutral conditions promoted GAlike activity. Plant isoenzymatic polymorphism confirmed the different auxin activities of HS. • The phyto-hormone-like activity of HS is highly suitable, and better than soil chemical parameters, for differentiating between these ecosystems.- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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