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4. Comparative analysis between different approaches for single-phase PLLs

Author

Monteiro, Luis, Pinto, J. G., Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Couto, Carlos, Joao L. Afonso, and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Power Quality, Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Enhanced PLL (E-PLL), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, αβ-PLL, Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)
Abstract

"In press", This paper presents a comparative analysis between two distinct synchronizing circuits, which are usually applied as the core of control algorithms for single-phase power quality applications. One of these synchronizing circuits corresponds to a single-phase Phase-Locked Loop (PLL), implemented in α-β coordinates (αβ-PLL), whereas the other one corresponds to the Enhanced PLL (E-PLL). The major contribution of this paper is to present a single-phase PLL oriented to power quality applications, with a very simple structure, capable to be synchronized with the fundamental component of an input signal (voltage or current), even considering substantial disturbances, such as, frequency deviations, phase shifts, harmonic components and amplitude variations. Simulation and experimental results, involving these two synchronizing circuits submitted to three different test cases, are provided in order to compare their transient and steady-state performance. Moreover, it is also presented a comparison involving the processing speed and memory requirements of these synchronizing circuits in the DSP TMS320F28335.

Published
2022
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6. A three-phase bidirectional variable speed drive: an experimental validation for a three-phase induction motor

Author

Machado, Luís Filipe Carvalho, Sousa, Tiago José Cunha, Pedrosa, D., Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Active rectifier, Power quality, Regenerative braking, Variable speed drive, Induction motor
Abstract

This paper presents the implementation and subsequent experimental verification of an electronic variable speed drive (VSD) for driving an induction motor, which is composed by a three-phase ac-dc converter on the grid-side and by a three-phase dc-ac converter on the motor-side. With the proposed solution, besides driving the motor, it is possible to mitigate power quality problems on the grid-side (e.g., current harmonics and power factor) associated with the use of diode-bridge ac-dc converters in the conventional VSDs. Besides, with the proposed solution, a bidirectional operation is possible, allowing to deliver to the power grid the energy generated in motor braking processes. As demonstrated along the paper, with the proposed VSD, it is possible to control the motor speed (including the rotation direction), and the operation with sinusoidal currents and unitary power factor on the grid-side. A laboratory prototype was developed, permitting to perform an experimental validation and prove the main functionalities of the VSD., This work has been supported by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2019. This work has been supported by the FCT Project DAIPESEV PTDC/EEI-EEE/30382/2017, and by the FCT Project QUALITY4POWER PTDC/EEI-EEE/28813/2017.

Published
2020

7. Impact forecasting to support emergency management of natural hazards

Author

Merz, B., Kuhlicke, Christian, Kunz, M., Pittore, M., Babeyko, A., Bresch, D.N., Domeisen, D.I.V., Feser, F., Koszalka, I., Kreibich, H., Pantillon, F., Parolai, S., Pinto, J.-G., Punge, H.J., Rivalta, E., Schröter, K., Strehlow, K., Weisse, R., Wurpts, A., Merz, B., Kuhlicke, Christian, Kunz, M., Pittore, M., Babeyko, A., Bresch, D.N., Domeisen, D.I.V., Feser, F., Koszalka, I., Kreibich, H., Pantillon, F., Parolai, S., Pinto, J.-G., Punge, H.J., Rivalta, E., Schröter, K., Strehlow, K., Weisse, R., and Wurpts, A.

Abstract

Forecasting and early warning systems are important investments to protect lives, properties and livelihood. While early warning systems are frequently used to predict the magnitude, location and timing of potentially damaging events, these systems rarely provide impact estimates, such as the expected amount and distribution of physical damage, human consequences, disruption of services or financial loss. Complementing early warning systems with impact forecasts has a two‐fold advantage: it would provide decision makers with richer information to take informed decisions about emergency measures, and focus the attention of different disciplines on a common target. This would allow capitalizing on synergies between different disciplines and boosting the development of multi‐hazard early warning systems. This review discusses the state‐of‐the‐art in impact forecasting for a wide range of natural hazards. We outline the added value of impact‐based warnings compared to hazard forecasting for the emergency phase, indicate challenges and pitfalls, and synthesize the review results across hazard types most relevant for Europe.

Published
2020

8. An analytical framework to assess the contribution of new technologies to societal challenges

Author

Ferreira, Paula Varandas, Rocha, Ana, Afonso, João L., Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Araújo, Maria Madalena Teixeira de, and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Battery charging system, Science & Technology, Sustainable development, SWOT analysis, Sustainable mobility solutions, Electric vehicle, Societal challenges, Energy technology, Technological change and the environment
Abstract

This paper addresses the topic of impact assessment of a research project (encompassed on a Joint Activities Program) considering the major priorities established under the societal challenges defined under the Horizon 2020 programme. A methodology is proposed and demonstrated for the particular case of a project aiming the development of an electric vehicle battery charging system with novel operating modes, which was tested at a laboratory scale. Firstly, the methodology is based on literature review in order to gather meaningful information about societal challenges addressed to this technology and, secondly, questionnaires and interviews directed to the research team of this project were conducted. A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis was derived from the data collected in the questionnaires and interviews to identify and assess the interest of the new technology and its barriers. The results show that, especially, the different operation modes for bidirectional energy transfer are a great advance comparing to other competing technologies. Moreover, the technology can contribute significantly to mitigate climate change by reducing the release of carbon dioxide emissions from the transport sector. However, since the project under analysis was tested only at laboratory, some aspects related to the software and hardware still need to be improved and the effective market uptake is still uncertain, as it is also dependent on the car manufacturers' interest., This work is financed by the ERDF -European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation -COMPETE 2020 Programme, and by National Funds through the Portuguese funding agency, FCT -Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, within project SAICTPAC/0004/2015-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016434 and project UID/CEC/00319/2019.

Published
2019

9. Performance comparison of a typical nonlinear load connected to Ac and Dc power grids

Author

Sousa, Tiago José Cunha, Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Dc grids, Dc smart homes, Efficiency, Nonlinear loads, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

This paper presents a performance comparison of a typical nonlinear load used in domestic appliances (electronic load), when supplied by an ac and a dc voltage of the same rms value. The performance of the nonlinear load towards its connection to ac and dc power grids is accomplished in terms of the waveforms which are registered in the consumed current, internal dc-link voltage and output voltage. A simulation model was developed using realistic database models of the power semiconductors comprising a nonlinear load with input ac-dc converter, so that the efficiency can be calculated and compared for three distinct cases: (1) load supplied by an ac voltage; (2) load supplied by a dc voltage; (3) load without the input ac-dc converter supplied by a dc voltage. Thus, besides the comparison between the ac and dc power grids supplying the same nonlinear load (cases 1 and 2), a third case is considered, which consists of removing the input ac-dc converter (eliminating needless components of the nonlinear load when supplied by a dc voltage). The obtained results show that supplying nonlinear loads with dc power grids is advantageous in relation to the ac power grid, and therefore it can be beneficial to adapt nonlinear loads to be powered by dc power grids., This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145–FEDER–007043 and FCT –Fundação para a Ciência eTecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013. This work is financed by the ERDF –European Regional De-velopment Fund through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Interna-tionalisation –COMPETE 2020 Programme, and by National Funds through the Por-tuguese funding agency, FCT –Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia,within project SAICTPAC/0004/2015 –POCI –01–0145–FEDER–016434. Mr. Tiago Sousa is sup-ported by the doctoral scholarship SFRH/BD/134353/2017 granted by the Portuguese FCT agency.

Published
2019

10. Improved voltage control of the electric vehicle operating as UPS in smart homes

Author

Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Catalão, J. P. S., Sousa, Tiago J. C., Pinto, J. G., Mezaroba,Marcello, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Electric Vehicle, Uninterruptible Power Supply, Smart Home, Bidirectional Converter, Kalman Filter, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

As a contribution for sustainability, electric vehicles (EVs) are seen as one of the most effective influences in the transport sector. As complement to the challenges that entails the EVs integration into the grid considering the bidirectional operation (grid-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid), there are new concepts associated with the EV operation integrating various benefits for smart homes. In this sense, this paper proposes an improved voltage control of the EV operating as uninterruptible power supply (UPS) in smart homes. With the EV plugged-in into the smart home, it can act as an off-line UPS protecting the electrical appliances from power grid outages. Throughout the paper, the foremost advantages of the proposed voltage control strategy are comprehensively emphasized, establishing a comparison with the classical approach. Aiming to offer a sinusoidal voltage for linear and nonlinear electrical appliances, a pulse-width modulation with a multi-loop control scheme is used. A Kalman filter is used for decreasing significantly the time of detecting power outages and, consequently, the transition for the UPS mode. The experimental validation was executed with a bidirectional charger containing a double stage power conversion (an ac-dc interfacing the grid-side and a dc-dc interfacing the batteries- side) and a digital stage. The computer simulations and the acquired experimental results validate the proposed strategy in different conditions of operation., This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013. This work is financed by the ERDF – European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation – COMPETE 2020 Programme, and by National Funds through the Portuguese funding agency, FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within project SAICTPAC/0004/2015 – POCI – 01–0145–FEDER–016434. This work is part of the FCT project 0302836 NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-030283., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2019

13. Evaluation of Static Synchronous Compensator and Rail Power Conditioner in Electrified Railway Systems Using V/V and Scott Power Transformers.

Author

Barros, Luis A. M., Tanta, Mohamed, Martins, Antonio P., Afonso, Joao L., and Pinto, J. G.

Subjects
ELECTRIC vehicles, SYNCHRONOUS capacitors, ELECTRIC transformers, ELECTRIC power, RAILROADS
Abstract

In this paper a comprehensive review of electrified railway systems is carried out, identifying the electric power quality deterioration which may appear due to nonlinear dynamic traction loads. Following this topic, a computational simulation of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Rail Power Conditioner (RPC) are presented, making a comprehensive analysis of each of these solutions regarding the power quality improvement in electrified railway systems. Four case studies are presented: (i) STATCOM evaluation when a traction power system is fed by a V/V power transformer; (ii) STATCOM evaluation when a traction power system is fed by a Scott power transformer; (iii) RPC evaluation when a traction power system is fed by a V/V power transformer; (iv) RPC evaluation when a traction power system is fed by a Scott power transformer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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14. Development and Evaluation of Smart Home IoT Systems applied to HVAC Monitoring and Control.

Author

Figueiredo, Ruben E., Alves, Aníbal A., Monteiro, Vitor, Pinto, J. G., Afonso, João L., and Afonso, José A.

Subjects
SMART homes, INTERNET of things, HEATING, VENTILATION, DETECTORS, ACTUATORS
Abstract

This work describes the development and evaluation of two smart home-based Internet of Things (IoT) systems applied to HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) monitoring and control, including parameters such as temperature, humidity, air quality, smoke detection, and human presence. These systems are based on a flexible hybrid wireless network architecture combining Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and IEEE 802.11/Wi-Fi, in order to adapt to the requirements of different types of sensor and actuator devices. The original implemented network is based on Cypress PSoC 4 BLE boards and HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), whereas the new network uses ESP32 boards and includes Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT), a lightweight messaging protocol suitable for IoT devices which provides additional quality of service (QoS) mechanisms to guarantee the delivery of messages. A smart temperature control system was implemented in the BLE/Wi-Fi gateway (Raspberry Pi) to keep the room temperature inside a user-defined range. An online database was also developed using the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud platform, allowing the users to access the HVAC data and control the system parameters, through the Internet, using a mobile app developed for Android devices. Experimental tests were performed to validate the functionalities and performance of the developed systems. The obtained results demonstrate that the new network provides lower delay values compared with the original implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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15. Experimental Validation of an Advanced Load-Shift System Operating as Shunt Active Power Filter.

Author

Rodrigues, Ana M. C., Monteiro, Vitor, Sousa, Tiago J. C., Alves, Tiago, Pinto, J. G., and Afonso, Joao L.

Subjects
ELECTRIC power distribution grids, ENERGY storage, PROTOTYPES, MECHANICAL loads, ALTERNATING currents
Abstract

This paper presents a load-shift system with advanced functionalities for the power grid. When compared with the conventional approach, an advanced load-shift system allows the compensation of power quality problems on the power grid side, namely problems related to current harmonics, current imbalances, and low power factor. The advanced load-shift system is composed by a bidirectional ac-dc converter to interface the power grid and by a bidirectional dc-dc converter to interface an energy storage system. Since the main innovation is related with the power grid interface, the focus of this work is on the analysis of the ac-dc converter, which is based on a three-phase four-leg voltage source converter. A theoretical study and the details concerning the control algorithm are presented and discussed along the paper. A laboratory prototype of the advanced load-shift system was developed, and the main details of implementation are described in the paper. Experimental results obtained with the developed prototype prove that the advanced load-shift system contributes for the technology progress in this area, validating a new operation concept concerning the power quality on the power grid side. For all the operation modes, the system operates with high power factor and the currents on the power grid side are balanced with a low total harmonic distortion and in phase with the respective power grid voltages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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16. Experimental Validation of a Three-Phase Induction Motor Operating with a Three-Phase Bidirectional Variable Speed Drive.

Author

Machado, Luis, Sousa, Tiago J. C., Pedrosa, Delfim, Monteiro, Vitor, Pinto, J. G., and Afonso, Joao L.

Subjects
INDUCTION motors, ELECTRIC motors, BRAKE systems, DC-AC converters, ELECTRIC power distribution grids, ELECTRONICS
Abstract

The three-phase induction motor is the main electric motor used in industrial applications, contributing significantly to the industrial electricity consumption. Additionally, the traditional variable speed drivers, due to the internal constitution based on a passive rectifier, contribute to accentuate power quality problems on the grid side. In this context, this paper presents the simulation, implementation and subsequent experimental verification of an electronic variable speed drive for three-phase induction motors, which is composed by a three-phase ac-dc converter on the grid side and by a three-phase dc-ac converter on the motor side. With the proposed solution, besides driving the motor, it is possible to mitigate power quality problems on the grid side (e.g., current harmonics and reactive power) associated with the use of diode-bridge ac-dc converters in the conventional variable speed drives. Besides, with the proposed solution, a bidirectional operation is possible, allowing to deliver to the power grid the energy generated in motor braking processes. As demonstrated along the paper, with the proposed variable speed drive it is possible to control the motor speed (including the rotation direction), and to achieve operation with sinusoidal currents and unitary power factor on the grid side. A laboratory prototype was developed, allowing to perform experimental validation and to verify the main functionalities of the variable speed drive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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17. Experimental Validation of a Current-Source Converter with Reduced Dc-link Operating as Shunt Active Power Filter.

Author

Oliveira, Catia F., Barros, Luis A. M., Afonso, Joao L., Pinto, J. G., Exposto, Bruno, and Monteiro, Vitor

Subjects
CONVERTERS (Electronics), ELECTRONICS, ELECTRIC power distribution grids, ELECTRIC industries, TOPOLOGY
Abstract

Nowadays, the majority of electronic equipment behaves as nonlinear loads, introducing power quality problems into the power grid, namely, current harmonics and low power factor. These problems contribute to reduce the efficiency of the power grid and can cause malfunctioning of sensitive loads connected to the power grid. Therefore, it is important to develop power electronics solutions capable to mitigate these power quality problems. In this context, this paper presents a novel single-phase shunt active power filter (SAPF) based on a current-source converter, where the key differencing factor, when compared with the conventional approach, is the reduced dc-link. As the proposed topology requires a reduced dc-link, it represents a relevant advantage, requiring a less bulky inductance in the dc-link, reducing the losses, cost, and volume. The proposed SAPF with reduced dc-link is introduced in detail along the paper, and a comprehensive comparison with the conventional SAPF is established based on computer simulations. Besides, an experimental validation is carried out with a developed laboratory prototype, validating the main advantages of the proposed SAPF with reduced dc-link. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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18. Design and Experimental Validation of a Compact Low-Cost Weather Station for Solar Photovoltaic Applications.

Author

Salgado, Jose A., Monteiro, Vitor, Pinto, J. G., Afonso, Joao L., and Afonso, Jose A.

Subjects
RENEWABLE energy industry, POLYCRYSTALS, SINGLE crystals, MOBILE apps, GRAPHIC methods
Abstract

This paper presents a compact low-cost weather station specially dedicated to renewable energy applications based on solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies. The main objective of the weather station is to verify which technology of solar PV modules would be more suitable for the specific location where the weather station is installed. Therefore, the developed weather station includes three technologies of PV modules (polycrystalline, monocrystalline, and amorphous silicon), each one connected to a dedicated DC-DC power converter with a maximum power point control (MPPC) functionality, as well as a set of sensors (solar irradiance, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction) used to measure the local weather. The acquired data is processed and stored locally in the weather station and, when necessary, the user can download the data to an Android mobile device through a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) wireless network connection using the developed mobile app, where the transferred data is stored in a SQLite database and can be visualized in graphs. Throughout the paper, the design of the developed weather station and the associated technologies are described, as well as the details of the mobile app. The developed system comprising the weather station and the mobile app was validated through a set of experimental tests ranging from the data acquisition to its visualization, as well as the achieved wireless data transfer performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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19. Simplified rail power conditioner based on a half-bridge indirect AC/DC/AC modular multilevel converter and a V/V power transformer

Author

Tanta, Mohamed, Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Exposto, Bruno, Pinto, J. G., Martins, Antonio Pina, Carvalho, Adriano Silva, Meléndez, Andrés A. Nogueiras, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Science & Technology, Power Quality, Harmonics, Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), Simplified Rail Power Conditioner (SRPC), Electric Locomotive, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive study about a Simplified Rail Power Conditioner (SRPC) based on a half bridge indirect AC/DC/AC Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) and a V/V traction power transformer. The proposed system with a half bridge MMC can decrease the costs, reduce the control complexity, and require less hardware devices in comparison with the rail power conditioner based on a full bridge indirect AC/DC/AC MMC. Moreover, the SRPC with a half bridge MMC is able to compensate current harmonics, reactive power, and the Negative Sequence Components (NSCs) of currents, which are caused by the unbalance loads between power grid phases. This paper explains the system architecture and its control algorithms based on a pulse width modulation and a proportional integral controller, which is used to control the compensation currents. The simulation results of the SRPC show the submodule voltage balancing control and the DC bus voltage control in order to verify its effectiveness. The compensation strategy based on the NSCs detection is described and evaluated through simulation results., Mohamed Tanta was supported by FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia) PhD grant with a reference PD/BD/127815/2016. This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2017

20. Decision process to manage renewable energy production in smart grid environment

Author

Ferreira, João C., Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Martins, Ana Lúcia, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Electric Vehicle, OpenADR, Decision System, Renewable Energy, Demand Response, Smart Grid, EV Charging, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

This research work is related to the Electric Vehicle (EV) integration in the electricity market, using the OpenADR open protocol for demand response. The proposed solution integrates a local developed EV charging system and a cloud management system, to coordinate the available energy produced from renewable energy sources, taking into account its intermittent production and the requirements of the EV charging process at home. Considering the smart mobility paradigm, all transactions processes are available at mobile devices in real-time, where users can define their usual behavior, configure the energy consumption profile at home, establish new profiles for specific days according to the EV charging process, and consult the historical transactions., This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2017

21. Efficiency and cost estimation for a static frequency converter and a rail power conditioner based on an indirect modular multilevel converter in railways applications

Author

Tanta, Mohamed, Monteiro, Vitor, Pinto, J. G., Martins, Antonio P., Carvalho, Adriano S., Joao L. Afonso, and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Rail Power Conditioner (RPC), Science & Technology, Static Frequency Converter (SFC), Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

This paper presents a comparative study between two different power electronics solutions for electrified railway substations to overcome some drawbacks which could appear on the public grid side. These drawbacks or troubles on the public grid side are mainly the harmonics and the negative sequence components (NSCs) of currents, which could become clear in the case of feeding single-phase locomotives or unbalanced loads. The static frequency converters (SFCs) and the rail power conditioners (RPCs) based on an indirect AC/DC/AC modular multilevel converter (MMC) are the main area of interest in this study, taking into consideration the costs estimation analysis between solutions, the efficiency and the power quality on the public grid side. Both systems of SFC and RPC based on an indirect MMC operate on medium voltage levels to feed the catenary line and to solve the problems of harmonics and NSCs. Along the paper are described the system architecture, the control algorithm, the inherent benefits, the estimated cost of implementation, and the operation efficiency based on computational simulation results for each system., This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013. Mohamed Tanta is supported by FCT doctoral scholarship with a reference PD/BD/127815/2016., info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Published
2017

22. New opportunities and perspectives for the electric vehicle operation in smart grids and smart homes scenarios

Author

Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Ferreira, João C., Pinto, J. G., Fernandes, J. C. Aparício, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Electric Vehicle, Power Quality, Battery Charger, Smart Homes, Renewables, Smart Grids, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

New perspectives for the electric vehicle (EV) operation in smart grids and smart homes context are presented. Nowadays, plugged-in EVs are equipped with on-board battery chargers just to perform the charging process from the electrical power grid (G2V – grid-to-vehicle mode). Although this is the main goal of such battery chargers, maintaining the main hardware structure and changing the digital control algorithm, the on-board battery chargers can also be used to perform additional operation modes. Such operation modes are related with returning energy from the batteries to the power grid (V2G- vehicle-to-grid mode), constraints of the electrical installation where the EV is plugged-in (iG2V – improved grid-tovehicle mode), interface of renewables, and contributions to improve the power quality in the electrical installation. Besides the contributions of the EV to reduce oil consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated to the transportation sector, through these additional operation modes, the EV also represents an important contribution for the smart grids and smart homes paradigms. Experimental results introducing the EV through the aforementioned interfaces and operation modes are presented. An on-board EV battery charger prototype was used connected to the power grid for a maximum power of 3.6 kW., This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013. This work is financed by the ERDF – European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation Ǧ COMPETE 2020 Programme, and by National Funds through the Portuguese funding agency, FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within project SAICTPAC/0004/2015- POCI- 01-0145-FEDER-016434., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2017

23. Characterisation of synoptic conditions and cyclones associated with top ranking potential wind loss events over Iberia

Author

Karremann, M. K., Liberato, M. L. R., Ordóñez, P., and Pinto, J. G.

Subjects
Earth sciences, ddc:550
Abstract

Intense extra-tropical cyclones are often associated with strong winds, heavy precipitation and socio-economic impacts. Over southwestern Europe, such storms occur less often, but still cause high economic losses. We characterise the largescale atmospheric conditions and cyclone tracks during the top-100 potential losses over Iberia associated with wind events. Based on 65 years of reanalysis data,events are classified into four groups: (i) cyclone tracks crossing over Iberia on the event day (“Iberia”), (ii) cyclones crossing further north, typically southwest of the British Isles (“North”), (iii) cyclones crossing southwest to northeast near the northwest tip of Iberia (“West”), and (iv) so called “Hybrids”, characterised by a strong pressure gradient over Iberia due to the juxtaposition of low and high pressure centres. Generally, “Iberia” events are the most frequent (31% to 45% for top-100 vs.top-20), while “West” events are rare (10% to 12%). 70% of the events were primarily associated with a cyclone. Multi-decadal variability in the number of events is identified. While the peak in recent years is quite prominent, other comparably stormy periods occurred in the 1960s and 1980s. This study documents that damaging wind storms over Iberia are not rare events, and their frequency of occurrence undergoes strong multi-decadal variability.

Published
2016

24. Serial clustering of extratropical cyclones in a multi-model ensemble of historical and future simulations

Author

Economou, T., Stephenson, D. B., Pinto, J. G., Shaffrey, L. C., and Zappa, G.

Abstract

This study has investigated serial (temporal) clustering of extra-tropical cyclones simulated by 17 climate models that participated in CMIP5. Clustering was estimated by calculating the dispersion (ratio of variance to mean) of 30 December-February counts of Atlantic storm tracks passing nearby each grid point. Results from single historical simulations of 1975-2005 were compared to those from historical ERA40 reanalyses from 1958-2001 ERA40 and single future model projections of 2069-2099 under the RCP4.5 climate change scenario.\ud \ud Models were generally able to capture the broad features in reanalyses reported previously: underdispersion/regularity (i.e. variance less than mean) in the western core of the Atlantic storm track surrounded by overdispersion/clustering (i.e. variance greater than mean) to the north and south and over western Europe. Regression of counts onto North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) indices revealed that much of the overdispersion in the historical reanalyses and model simulations can be accounted for by NAO variability.\ud \ud Future changes in dispersion were generally found to be small and not consistent across models. The overdispersion statistic, for any 30 year sample, is prone to large amounts of sampling uncertainty that obscures the climate change signal. For example, the projected increase in dispersion for storm counts near London in the CNRMCM5 model is 0.1 compared to a standard deviation of 0.25. Projected changes in the mean and variance of NAO are insufficient to create changes in overdispersion that are discernible above natural sampling variations.

Published
2015

25. High voltage wiring harness test equipment

Author

Pinto, J. G., Almeida, Raul Fernando Silva, Cunha, José Maria Cerqueira, Freire, Luís, Fernandes, J. C. Aparício, Martins, Júlio S., Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática [Engenharia e Tecnologia], Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

Projeto n.º 2013/34065 (Divmac - Projectos Automatismos e Periféricos Industriais, SA), [Excerto introdução] Este relatório tem por objetivo descrever as atividades desenvolvidas pela Associação Universidade - Empresa para o Desenvolvimento – TecMinho, no âmbito do projeto “High Voltage Wiring Harness Test Equipment”. (...), União Europeia - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional, Quadro de Referência Estratégica Nacional (QREN)

Published
2015

26. A novel architecture of a bidirectional bridgeless interleaved converter for EV battery chargers

Author

Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Exposto, Bruno Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Fernandes, J. C. Aparício, Monteiro, Luís F. C., Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Electric Vehicle, Science & Technology, Interleaved, Bidirectional, Bridgeless, Battery Charger, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

This paper presents a novel architecture of a bidirectional bridgeless interleaved converter for battery chargers of electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed converter is composed by two power stages: an ac-dc converter that is used to interface the power grid and the dc-link, and a dc-dc converter that is used to interface the dc-link and the batteries. The ac-dc converter is an interleaved bridgeless bidirectional boost-type converter and the dc-dc converter is a bidirectional buck-boost-type converter. The proposed converter works with sinusoidal grid current and with high power factor for all operating power levels, and in both grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation modes. In the paper is described in detail the proposed converter for EV battery chargers: the circuit topology, the principle of operation, the power control theory, and the current control strategy. Several simulation results for both G2V and V2G operation modes are presented., Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT)

Published
2015

27. Comprehensive comparison of a current-source and a voltage-source converter for three-phase EV fast battery chargers

Author

Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Exposto, Bruno Fernandes, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
EV Battery Charger, Science & Technology, Current-Source Converter, Voltage-Source Converter, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive comparison of a current-source converter and a voltage-source converter for three-phase electric vehicle (EV) fast battery chargers. Taking into account that the current-source converter (CSC) is a natural buck-type converter, the output voltage can assume a wide range of values, which varies between zero and the maximum instantaneous value of the power grid phase-to-phase voltage. On the other hand, taking into account that the voltage-source converter (VSC) is a natural boost-type converter, the output voltage is always greater than the maximum instantaneous value of the power grid phase-to-phase voltage, and consequently, it is necessary to use a dc-dc buck-type converter for applications as EV fast battery chargers. Along the paper is described in detail the principle of operation of both the CSC and the VSC for EV fast chargers, as well as the main equations of the power theory and current control strategies. The comparison between both converters is mainly established in terms of the total harmonic distortion of the grid current and the estimated efficiency for a range of operation between 10 kW and 50 kW.

Published
2015

28. The impact of poor power quality in solar photovoltaic microgeneration: technical problems and losses of revenue

Author

Exposto, Bruno Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Pedrosa, Delfim Duarte Rolo, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Solar Photovoltaic Energy, Science & Technology, Microgeneration, Power Quality, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

This paper presents a critical and quantitative analysis of the influence of the Power Quality in grid connected solar photovoltaic microgeneration installations. First are introduced the main regulations and legislation related with the solar photovoltaic microgeneration, in Portugal and Europe. Next are presented Power Quality monitoring results obtained from two residential solar photovoltaic installations located in the north of Portugal, and is explained how the Power Quality events affect the operation of these installations. Afterwards, it is described a methodology to estimate the energy production losses and the impact in the revenue caused by the abnormal operation of the electrical installation. This is done by comparing the amount of energy that was injected into the power grid with the theoretical value of energy that could be injected in normal conditions. The performed analysis shows that Power Quality severally affects the solar photovoltaic installations operation. The losses of revenue in the two monitored installations M1 and M2 are estimated in about 27% and 22%, respectively., CT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within scope of the project : PEst- UID/CEC/00319/2013.

Published
2015

29. Predictive control of a current-source inverter for solar photovoltaic grid interface

Author

Exposto, Bruno Fernandes, Rodrigues, Rui, Pinto, J. G., Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Pedrosa, Delfim Duarte Rolo, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Predictive Control, Science & Technology, Solar Photovoltaics, Maximum Power Point Tracker - MPPT, Maximum Power Point Tracker, MPPT, ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS, Current Source Inverter, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

Solar photovoltaic systems are an increasing option for electricity production, since they produce electrical energy from a clean renewable energy resource, and over the years, as a result of the research, their efficiency has been increasing. For the interface between the dc photovoltaic solar array and the ac electrical grid is necessary the use of an inverter (dc-ac converter), which should be optimized to extract the maximum power from the photovoltaic solar array. In this paper is presented a solution based on a current-source inverter (CSI) using continuous control set model predictive control (CCS-MPC). All the power circuits and respective control systems are described in detail along the paper and were tested and validated performing computer simulations. The paper shows the simulation results and are drawn several conclusions., FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within scope of the project: PEst- UID/CEC/00319/2013

Published
2015

30. Improved Voltage Control for the Electric Vehicle Operation in V2H Mode as an Off-Line UPS in the Context of Smart Homes.

Author

Monteiro, Vitor, Catalao, Joao, Sousa, Tiago, Pinto, J. G., Mezaroba, Marcello, and Afonso, Joao L.

Subjects
VOLTAGE control, ELECTRIC vehicles, POWER resources, KALMAN filtering, SMART homes
Abstract

As a contribution for sustainability, electric vehicles (EVs) are seen as one of the most effective influences in the transport sector. This paper proposes an improved voltage control of the EV operating as uninterruptible power supply (UPS) in smart homes. With the EV plugged-in into the smart home, it can act as an off-line UPS protecting the electrical appliances from power grid outages. The foremost advantages of the proposed voltage control strategy are comprehensively emphasized, establishing a comparison with the classical approach. Aiming to offer a sinusoidal voltage for linear and nonlinear electrical appliances, a pulse width modulation with a multi-loop control scheme is used. A Kalman filter is used for decreasing significantly the time of detecting power outages and, consequently, the transition for the UPS mode. The computer simulations and the acquired experimental results validate the proposed strategy in different conditions of operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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31. Performance Comparison of a Typical Nonlinear Load Supplied by ac and dc Voltages.

Author

Sousa, Tiago J. C., Monteiro, Vítor, Pinto, J. G., and Afonso, João L.

Subjects
SEMICONDUCTORS, DIRECT current generators, ALTERNATING current generators, WAVE analysis, DATABASES
Abstract

This paper presents a performance comparison of a typical nonlinear load when supplied by ac or dc voltages with the same rms value. The performance of the nonlinear load towards its connection to ac and dc power grids is accomplished in terms of the waveforms and efficiency. A simulation model was developed using realistic database models of the power semiconductors comprising the load, and an experimental setup was assembled, so that the efficiency can be determined and compared for simulation and real operating conditions. Three distinct cases were considered for this study: (1) Load supplied by ac voltage; (2) Load supplied by dc voltage; and (3) Load without the input ac-dc converter supplied by dc voltage. The obtained results show that supplying nonlinear loads with dc power grids is advantageous in relation to the ac power grid, and therefore it can be beneficial to adapt nonlinear loads to be powered by dc power grids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
Full Text
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32. Power Electronics Converters for an Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Station with Energy Storage System and Renewable Energy Sources.

Author

Pinto, J. G., Monteiro, Vitor, Exposto, Bruno, Barros, Luis A. M., Sousa, Tiago J. C., Monteiro, L. F. C., and Afonso, João L.

Subjects
POWER electronics, CONVERTERS (Electronics), ELECTRIC vehicle charging stations, ENERGY storage, RENEWABLE energy sources
Abstract

Fast Charging Stations (FCS) are a key element for the wide spreading of Electric Vehicles (EVs), by reducing the charging time to a range between 20 to 40 minutes. However, the integration of FCS causes some adverse impacts on the Power Grid (PG), namely the huge increase in the peak demand during short periods of time. This paper addresses the design of power electronics converters for an EV DC FCS with local storage capability and easy interface of renewables. In the proposed architecture, the energy storage capability is used to smooth the peak power demand and contributes to stabilize the PG. When integrated in a smart grid, the proposed architecture may even return some of the stored energy back to the PG. The accomplishment of the aforementioned objectives requires a set of different power electronics converters, described and discussed along the paper. In order to demonstrate the potentialities of the proposed EV DC FCS architecture, four different case studies were analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. Three-phase current-source shunt active power filter with solar photovoltaic grid interface

Author

Exposto, Bruno Fernandes, Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Pedrosa, Delfim Duarte Rolo, Meléndez, Andrés A. Nogueiras, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Harmonics Compensation, Current-Source Inverter, Science & Technology, Power Quality, Solar Photovoltaics, ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS, Power Factor Correction, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

This paper presents the proposal of a three phase current source shunt active power filter (CS-SAPF) with photovoltaic grid interface. The proposed system combines the compensation of reactive power and harmonics with the injection of energy from a solar photovoltaic array into the electrical power grid. The proposed equipment presents the advantage of giving good use to the current source inverter, even when the solar photovoltaic array is not producing energy. The paper describes the control system of the CS SAPF, the energy injection control strategy, and the current harmonics and power factor compensation strategy. Simulation results to assess the performance of the proposed system are also presented., FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013.

Published
2015

34. Three-phase three-level current-source converter for EVs fast battery charging systems

Author

Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Exposto, Bruno Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Sepúlveda, M. J., Meléndez, Andrés A. Nogueiras, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Electric Vehicle, Science & Technology, Fast Battery Charger, Current-Source Converter, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

This paper presents a three-phase three-level fast battery charger for electric vehicles (EVs) based in a current-source converter (CSC). Compared with the traditional voltage-source converters used for fast battery chargers, the CSC can be seen as a natural buck-type converter, i.e., the output voltage can assume a wide range of values, which varies between zero and the maximum instantaneous value of the power grid phase-to-phase voltage. Moreover, using the CSC it is not necessary to use a dc-dc back-end converter in the battery side, and it is also possible to control the grid current in order to obtain a sinusoidal waveform, and in phase with the power grid voltage (unitary power factor). Along the paper is described in detail the proposed CSC for EVs fast battery charging systems: the circuit topology, the power control theory, the current control strategy and the grid synchronization algorithm. Several simulation results of the EV fast battery charger operating with a maximum power of 50 kW are presented.

Published
2015

35. Smart charging management for electric vehicle battery chargers

Author

Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Exposto, Bruno Fernandes, Ferreira, João C., Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Electric Vehicle, Smart Battery Charger, Science & Technology, Smart Homes, Smart Charging Management, Smart Grids, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

This paper proposes a smart battery charging strategy for Electric Vehicles (EVs) targeting the future smart homes. The proposed strategy consists in regulate the EV battery charging current in function of the total home current, aiming to prevent overcurrent trips in the main switch breaker. Computational and experimental results were obtained under real-time conditions to validate the proposed strategy. For such purpose was adapted a bidirectional EV battery charger prototype to operate in accordance with the aforementioned strategy. The proposed strategy was validated through experimental results obtained both in steady and transient states. The results show the correct operation of the EV battery charger even under heavy load variations., Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: PEst - OE/EEI/UI0319/2014

Published
2014

36. On-board electric vehicle battery charger with enhanced V2H operation mode

Author

Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Exposto, Bruno Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Almeida, Raul Fernando Silva, Ferreira, João C., Meléndez, Andrés A. Nogueiras, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Science & Technology, Enhanced Vehicle-to-Home (V2H), Bidirectional Battery Charger, Backup Power Supply, Electric Vehicles, Kalman Filter, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

This paper proposes an on-board Electric Vehicle (EV) battery charger with enhanced Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) operation mode. For such purpose was adapted an on-board bidirectional battery charger prototype to allow the Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and V2H operation modes. Along the paper are presented the hardware topology and the control algorithms of this battery charger. The idea underlying to this paper is the operation of the on-board bidirectional battery charger as an energy backup system when occurs a power outages. For detecting the power outage were compared two strategies, one based on the half-cycle rms calculation of the power grid voltage, and another in the determination of the rms value based in a Kalman filter. The experimental results were obtained considering the on-board EV battery charger under the G2V, V2G, and V2H operation modes. The results show that the power outage detection is faster using a Kalman filter, up to 90% than the other strategy. This also enables a faster transition between operation modes when a power outage occurs., Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Project Scope: Pest OE/EEI/UI0319/201

Published
2014

37. Abrupt transitions in the NAO control of explosive North Atlantic cyclone development

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Gómara, Íñigo, Rodríguez-Fonseca, Belén, Zurita-Gotor, Pablo, Ulbrich, Sven, Pinto, J. G., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Gómara, Íñigo, Rodríguez-Fonseca, Belén, Zurita-Gotor, Pablo, Ulbrich, Sven, and Pinto, J. G.

Abstract

Explosive cyclones are intense extra-tropical low pressure systems featuring large deepening rates. In the Euro-Atlantic sector, they are a major source of life-threatening weather impacts due to their associated strong wind gusts, heavy precipitation and storm surges. The wintertime variability of the North Atlantic cyclonic activity is primarily modulated by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). In this study, we investigate the interannual and multi-decadal variability of explosive North Atlantic cyclones using track density data from two reanalysis datasets (NCEP and ERA-40) and a control simulation of an atmosphere/ocean coupled General Circulation Model (GCM—ECHAM5/MPIOM1). The leading interannual and multi-decadal modes of variability of explosive cyclone track density are characterized by a strengthening/weakening pattern between Newfoundland and Iceland, which is mainly modulated by the NAO at both timescales. However, the NAO control of interannual cyclone variability is not stationary in time and abruptly fluctuates during periods of 20–25 years long both in NCEP and ECHAM5/MPIOM1. These transitions are accompanied by structural changes in the leading mode of explosive cyclone variability, and by decreased/enhanced baroclinicity over the sub-polar/sub-tropical North Atlantic. The influence of the ocean is apparently important for both the occurrence and persistence of such anomalous periods. In the GCM, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation appears to influence the large-scale baroclinicity and explosive cyclone development over the North Atlantic. These results permit a better understanding of explosive cyclogenesis variability at different climatic timescales and might help to improve predictions of these hazardous events.

Published
2016

39. Power outage detection methods for theoperation of a shunt active power flter as energy backup system

Author

Exposto, Bruno, Pinto, J. G., Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Science & Technology, Power Quality, Energy Backup, Shunt Active Power Filter, Kalman Filter, Power Outage Detection
Abstract

This paper presents the study of power outage detection methods that can be applied to a Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) with energy backup capability. SAPFs can successfully compensate Power Quality problems related with distorted or unbalanced currents and low power factor. Future Smart Grids will combine devices, control strategies and functionalities to increase the grid reliability and the power management capability. One of the main tools necessary to enable these features is the information of what is occurring in all the smart grid parts. In this context the fast detection of power outages is critical, so this paper also contributes for the discussion of the best ways to extract information in the context of future smart grids. The combination of information and flexible devices in a smart grid will enable the implementation of collective awareness systems, which can deal with different electrical grid problems and situations in an organic manner., This work is financed by FEDER Funds, through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors – COMPETE, and by National Funds through FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal, under the projects FCOMP 01-0124-FEDER-022674 and PTDC/EEA-EEL/104569/2008. Bruno Exposto is supported by the doctoral scholarship SFRH/BD/87999/2012 granted by FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal. 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2014

40. Bidirectional battery charger with grid-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-grid and vehicle-to-home technologies

Author

Pinto, J. G., Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Gonçalves, Henrique, Exposto, Bruno Fernandes, Pedrosa, Delfim Duarte Rolo, Couto, Carlos, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Vehicle-to-home (V2H), Science & Technology, Vehicle-to-grid (V2G), Grid-to-vehicle (G2V), Bidirectional battery charger, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
Abstract

This paper presents the development of na on-board bidirectional battery charger for Electric Vehicles (EVs) targeting Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), and Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) technologies. During the G2V operation mode the batteries are charged from the power grid with sinusoidal current and unitary power factor. During the V2G operation mode the energy stored in the batteries can be delivered back to the power grid contributing to the power system stability. In the V2H operation mode the energy stored in the batteries can be used to supply home loads during power outages, or to supply loads in places without connection to the power grid. Along the paper the hardware topology of the bidirectional battery charger is presented and the control algorithms are explained. Some considerations about the sizing of the AC side passive filter are taken into account in order to improve the performance in the three operation modes. The adopted topology and control algorithms are accessed through computer simulations and validated by experimental results achieved with a developed laboratory prototype operating in the different scenarios.

Published
2013

41. Monitorização da qualidade da energia elétrica

Author

Moreira, Rui P., Henrique Gonçalves, Pinto, J. G., Joao L. Afonso, and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Qualidade da energia elétrica, Monitorização
Abstract

A monitorização da Qualidade da Energia Elétrica é uma mais-valia para os responsáveis pelas instalações elétricas, permitindo a otimização dos perfis de consumo e a identificação e prevenção de problemas., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

Published
2013

42. Condicionadores ativos de potência para mitigação de problemas de qualidade de energia elétrica em instalações industriais

Author

Pinto, J. G., Henrique Gonçalves, Joao L. Afonso, and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Condicionadores Ativos de Potência, Filtro Ativo Série, Filtro Ativo Paralelo, Qualidade de Energia Elétrica, Condicionador Unificado de Qualidade de Energia
Abstract

Os condicionadores ativos são equipamentos baseados em eletrónica de potência que permitem mitigar de forma dinâmica diversos problemas nas tensões e nas correntes do sistema elétrico, contribuindo efetivamente para a melhoria da produtividade das indústrias, reduzindo os prejuízos provocados pelos problemas de Qualidade de Energia Elétrica., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

Published
2013

43. Search for resonances decaying into top-quark pairs using fully hadronic decays in pp collisions with ATLAS at √s=7 TeV

Author

Aad, G., Abajyan, T., Abbott, B., Abdallah, J., Khalek, S. A., Abdelalim, A. A., Abdinov, O., Aben, R., Abi, B., Abolins, M., Abouzeid, O. S., Abramowicz, H., Abreu, H., Acharya, B. S., Adamczyk, L., Adams, D. L., Addy, T. N., Adelman, J., Adomeit, S., Adragna, P., Adye, T., Aefsky, S., Aguilar Saavedra, J. A., Agustoni, M., Aharrouche, M., Ahlen, S. P., Ahles, F., Ahmad, A., Ahsan, M., Aielli, G., T. P. A., Akimoto, G., Akimov, A. V., Alam, M. S., Alam, M. A., Albert, J., Albrand, S., Aleksa, M., Aleksandrov, I. N., Alessandria, F., Alexa, C., Alexander, G., Alexandre, G., Alexopoulos, T., Alhroob, M., Aliev, M., Alimonti, G., Alison, J., B. M. M., Allport, P. P., Allwood Spiers, S. E., Almond, J., Aloisio, A., Alon, R., Alonso, A., Alonso, F., Altheimer, A., Gonzalez, B. A., Alviggi, M. G., Amako, K., Amelung, C., Ammosov, V. V., Amor, S. P., Amorim, A., Amram, N., Anastopoulos, C., Ancu, L. S., Andari, N., Andeen, T., Anders, C. F., Anders, G., Anderson, K. J., Andreazza, A., Andrei, V., M. . . L., Anduaga, X. S., Angelidakis, S., Anger, P., Angerami, A., Anghinolfi, F., Anisenkov, A., Anjos, N., Annovi, A., Antonaki, A., Antonelli, M., Antonov, A., Antos, J., Anulli, F., Aoki, M., Aoun, S., Bella, L. A., Apolle, R., Arabidze, G., Aracena, I., Arai, Y., A. T. H., Arfaoui, S., J. . . F., Argyropoulos, S., Arik, E., Arik, M., Armbruster, A. J., Arnaez, O., Arnal, V., Arnault, C., Artamonov, A., Artoni, G., Arutinov, D., Asai, S., Ask, S., Asman, B., Asquith, L., Assamagan, K., Astbury, A., Atkinson, M., Aubert, B., Auge, E., Augsten, K., Aurousseau, M., Avolio, G., Avramidou, R., Axen, D., Azuelos, G., Azuma, Y., Baak, M. A., Baccaglioni, G., Bacci, C., Bach, A. M., Bachacou, H., Bachas, K., Backes, M., Backhaus, M., Mayes, J. B., Badescu, E., Bagnaia, Paolo, Bahinipati, S., Bai, Y., Bailey, D. C., Bain, T., Baines, J. T., Baker, O. K., Baker, M. D., Baker, S., Balek, P., Banas, E., Banerjee, P., Banerjee, S., Banfi, D., Bangert, A., Bansal, V., Bansil, H. S., Barak, L., Baranov, S. P., Galtieri, A. B., Barber, T., Barberio, E. L., Barberis, D., Barbero, M., Bardin, D. Y., Barillari, T., Barisonzi, M., Barklow, T., Barlow, N., Barnett, B. M., Barnett, R. M., Baroncelli, A., Barone, G., Barr, A. J., Barreiro, F., Guimaraes, J. B., Barrillon, P., Bartoldus, R., Barton, A. E., Bartsch, V., Basye, A., Bates, R. L., Batkova, L., Batley, J. R., Battaglia, A., Battistin, M., Bauer, F., Bawa, H. S., Beale, S., Beau, T., Beauchemin, P. H., Beccherle, R., Bechtle, P., Beck, H. P., Becker, K., Becker, S., Beckingham, M., Becks, K. H., Beddall, A. J., Beddall, A., Bedikian, S., Bednyakov, V. A., Bee, C. P., Beemster, L. J., Begel, M., Harpaz, S. B., Behera, P. K., Beimforde, M., Belanger Champagne, C., Bell, P. J., Bell, W. H., Bella, G., Bellagamba, L., Bellomo, M., Belloni, A., Beloborodova, O., Belotskiy, K., Beltramello, O., Benary, O., Benchekroun, D., Bendtz, K., Benekos, N., Benhammou, Y., Noccioli, E. B., Benitez, J. A., Benjamin, D. P., Benoit, M., Bensinger, J. R., Benslama, K., Bentvelsen, S., Berge, D., Kuutmann, E. B., Berger, N., Berghaus, F., Berglund, E., Beringer, J., Bernat, P., Bernhard, R., Bernius, C., Berry, T., Bertella, C., Bertin, A., Bertolucci, F., Besana, M. I., Besjes, G. J., Besson, N., Bethke, S., Bhimji, W., Bianchi, R. M., Bianchini, L., Bianco, M., Biebel, O., Bieniek, S. P., Bierwagen, K., Biesiada, J., Biglietti, M., Bilokon, H., Bindi, M., Binet, S., Bingul, A., Bini, Cesare, Biscarat, C., Bittner, B., Black, C. W., Black, K. M., Blair, R. E., J. . . B., Blanchot, G., Blazek, T., Bloch, I., Blocker, C., Blocki, J., Blondel, A., Blum, W., Blumenschein, U., Bobbink, G. J., Bobrovnikov, V. S., Bocchetta, S. S., Bocci, A., Boddy, C. R., Boehler, M., Boek, J., Boek, T. T., Boelaert, N., Bogaerts, J. A., Bogdanchikov, A., Bogouch, A., Bohm, C., Bohm, J., Boisvert, V., Bold, T., Boldea, V., Bolnet, N. M., Bomben, M., Bona, M., Boonekamp, M., Bordoni, S., Borer, C., Borisov, A., Borissov, G., Borjanovic, I., Borri, M., Borroni, S., Bortfeldt, J., Bortolotto, V., Bos, K., Boscherini, D., Bosman, M., Boterenbrood, H., Bouchami, J., Boudreau, J., Bouhova Thacker, E. V., Boumediene, D., Bourdarios, C., Bousson, N., Boveia, A., Boyd, J., Boyko, I. R., Bozovic Jelisavcic, I., Bracinik, J., Branchini, P., Brandt, A., Brandt, G., Brandt, O., Bratzler, U., Brau, B., Brau, J. E., Braun, H. M., Brazzale, S. F., Brelier, B., Bremer, J., Brendlinger, K., Brenner, R., Bressler, S., Britton, D., Brochu, F. M., Brock, I., Brock, R., Broggi, F., Bromberg, C., Bronner, J., Brooijmans, G., Brooks, T., Brooks, W. K., Brown, G., Brown, H., Bruckman, P. 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E., Vassilakopoulos, V. I., Vazeille, F., Schroeder, T. V., Vegni, G., Veillet, J. J., Veloso, F., Veness, R., Veneziano, S., Ventura, A., Ventura, D., Venturi, M., Venturi, N., Vercesi, V., Verducci, Monica, Verkerke, W., Vermeulen, J. C., Vest, A., Vetterli, M. C., Vichou, I., Vickey, T., Vickey, O. E., G. H. A., Viel, S., Villa, M., Perez, M. V., Vilucchi, E., Vincter, M. G., Vinek, E., Vinogradov, V. B., Virchaux, M., Virzi, J., Vitells, O., Viti, M., Vivarelli, I., Vaque, F. V., Vlachos, S., Vladoiu, D., Vlasak, M., Vogel, A., Vokac, P., Volpi, G., Volpi, M., Volpini, G., Radziewski, H. v., Toerne, E. v., Vorobel, V., Vorwerk, V., Vos, M., Voss, R., Vossebeld, J. H., Vranjes, N., Milosavljevic, M. V., Vrba, V., Vreeswijk, M., Anh, T. V., Vuillermet, R., Vukotic, I., Wagner, W., Wagner, P., Wahlen, H., Wahrmund, S., Wakabayashi, J., Walch, S., Walder, J., Walker, R., Walkowiak, W., Wall, R., Waller, P., Walsh, B., Wang, C., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, R., Wang, S. 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C., Wooden, G., Wosiek, B. K., Wotschack, J., Woudstra, M. J., Wozniak, K. W., Wraight, K., Wright, M., Wrona, B., S. L., Wu, Wu, X., Wu, Y., Wulf, E., Wynne, B. M., Xella, S., Xiao, M., Xie, S., Xu, C., Xu, D., Xu, L., Yabsley, B., Yacoob, S., Yamada, M., Yamaguchi, H., Yamamoto, A., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, S., Yamamura, T., Yamanaka, T., Yamazaki, T., Yamazaki, Y., Yan, Z., Yang, H., Yang, U. K., Yang, Y., Yang, Z., Yanush, S., Yao, L., Yao, Y., Yasu, Y., Ybeles, G. V., Ye, J., Ye, S., Yilmaz, M., Yoosoofmiya, R., Yorita, K., Yoshida, R., Yoshihara, K., Young, C., Young, C. J., Youssef, S., Yu, D., D. R., Yu, Yu, J., Yuan, L., Yurkewicz, A., Zabinski, B., Zaidan, R., Zaitsev, A. M., Zajacova, Z., Zanello, L., Zanzi, D., Zaytsev, A., Zeitnitz, C., Zeman, M., Zemla, A., Zendler, C., Zenin, O., Zenis, T., Zinonos, Z., Zerwas, D., Della, G. Z., Zhang, D., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, Z., Zhao, L., Zhao, Z., Zhemchugov, A., Zhong, J., Zhou, B., Zhou, N., Zhou, Y., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, H., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Zhuang, X., Zhuravlov, V., Zibell, A., Zieminska, D., Zimin, N. I., Zimmermann, R., Zimmermann, S., Ziolkowski, M., Zitoun, R., Zivkovic, L., Zmouchko, V. V., Zobernig, G., Zoccoli, A., Nedden, M. z., Zutshi, V., and Zwalinski, L.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, hadron-hadron scattering, Hadron-Hadron Scattering
Published
2013

44. A combined statistical and dynamical approach for downscaling large-scale footprints of European windstorms

Author

Haas, R. and Pinto, J. G.

Abstract

The occurrence of mid-latitude windstorms is related to strong socio-economic effects. For detailed and reliable regional impact studies, large datasets of high-resolution wind fields are required. In this study, a statistical downscaling approach in combination with dynamical downscaling is introduced to derive storm related gust speeds on a high-resolution grid over Europe. Multiple linear regression models are trained using reanalysis data and wind gusts from regional climate model simulations for a sample of 100 top ranking windstorm events. The method is computationally inexpensive and reproduces individual windstorm footprints adequately. Compared to observations, the results for Germany are at least as good as pure dynamical downscaling. This new tool can be easily applied to large ensembles of general circulation model simulations and thus contribute to a better understanding of the regional impact of windstorms based on decadal and climate change projections.

Published
2012

45. Assessment of a battery charger for electric vehicles with reactive power control

Author

Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Exposto, Bruno Fernandes, Gonçalves, Henrique, Ferreira, João C., Couto, Carlos, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Battery charger, Science & Technology, Electric vehicles, Reactive power control, Power quality, V2G
Abstract

Batteries of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) have a large potential not only to provide energy for the locomotion of these vehicles, but also to interact, in dynamic way, with the power grid. Thereby, through the energy stored in the batteries, these vehicles can be used to regulate the active and the reactive power, as local Energy Storage Systems. This way, EVs can contribute to help the power grid to regulate the active and reactive power flow in order to stabilize the production and consumption of energy. For this propose should be defined usage profiles, controlled by a collaborative broker, taking into account the requirements of the power grid and the conveniences of the vehicle user. Besides, the interface between the power grid and the EVs, instead of using typical power converters that only work on unidirectional mode, need to use bidirectional power converters to charge the batteries (G2V - Grid-to-Vehicle mode) and to deliver part of the stored energy in the batteries back to the power grid (V2G - Vehicle-to-Grid mode). With the bidirectional power converter topology presented in this paper, the consumed current is sinusoidal and it is possible to regulate the power factor to control the reactive power, aiming to contribute to mitigate power quality problems in the power grid. To assess the behavior of the presented bidirectional power converter under different scenarios, are presented some computer simulations and experimental results obtained with a prototype that was developed to be integrated in an Electric Vehicle., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-022674, PTDC/EEAEEL/ 104569/2008, MIT-PT/EDAM-SMS/0030/2008., FEDER Funds, through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors (COMPETE)

Published
2012

46. Current-source shunt active power filter with periodic-sampling modulation technique

Author

Exposto, Bruno Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Pedrosa, Delfim Duarte Rolo, Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Gonçalves, Henrique, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Science & Technology
Abstract

In this paper are presented experimental and simulation results of a developed Current-Source Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter compensating the currents of a non-linear load. The Shunt Active Power Filter controller, described in detail along the paper, relies in the p-q Theory to calculate the reference compensation currents and to regulate the DC-link inductance current. The regulation of the active filter DC-link inductance current is done consuming sinusoidal currents in phase with the system voltages. The performance and the dynamic behavior of the Shunt Active Power Filter using Periodic Sampling Modulation Technique was assessed first through several computer simulations, and then through the analysis of experimental results obtained with a developed laboratory prototype. Thereby, in this paper are presented several obtained results that show the correct operation of a Current-Source Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter using the Periodic-Sampling Modulation Technique., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

Published
2012

47. Development of a digital controller with data acquisition to a test bench for eletric motors

Author

Pedrosa, Delfim Duarte Rolo, Pereira, Rui, Gonçalves, Henrique, Exposto, Bruno Fernandes, Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Eddy current brake, Electric motor, Load cells, Test bench, Data acquisition
Abstract

The electric motors’ test benches are greatly used by electric motors manufacturers and drive system designers. In this paper it is described the conversion process of an older manually controlled test bench, in an automatic digitally controlled one with integrated data acquisition system. The renewed test bench is based in a two quadrant eddy current electromagnetic brake, in which the manual torque controller and analog indicator have been replaced by an automatic digital controller, by which is possible to predefine a torque profile for the test. With the data acquisition system it is possible the acquisition and recording of speed, torque and internal temperature on the brake. Special focus is given to the power converter used to control the current in the electromagnetic brake and to the torque data acquisition system, namely, the calibration of the load cell., FEDER Funds - Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors (COMPETE), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - PTDC/EEA-EEL/104569/2008, MIT-PT/EDAM-SMS/0030/2008.

Published
2012

48. Bidirectional multilevel converter for electric vehicles

Author

Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Ferreira, João C., Gonçalves, Henrique, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
H-Bridge, Electric vehicles, Vehicle-to-grid (V2G), Hardware_GENERAL, Power quality, Multilevel converter, Grid-to-vehicle (G2V)
Abstract

In this paper is presented an H-Bridge Multilevel Converter topology for Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). The topology of the presented multilevel converter allows the interface between the batteries, the electric motor of the vehicle, and the electrical power grid. Thereby, taking into account that the proposed multilevel converter requires the use of isolated voltage sources, the interface between the batteries and the multilevel converter is evaluated regarding the converter operation as a Battery Management System (BMS), controlling the charging and discharging processes. The interface between the multilevel converter and the electrical power grid is described considering a bidirectional operation. These modes of operation occur during the batteries charging process, denominated as Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V), and during the operation as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), that consists in delivering back to the electrical power grid a small amount of the energy stored in the batteries, in accordance with the electrical grid requirements and with the vehicle driver accordance. In both modes of operation, the waveform of the AC current of the electrical power grid is kept sinusoidal with unitary power factor, contributing to maintain a good level of power quality., FEDER Funds - Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors (COMPETE), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - PTDC/EEA-EEL/104569/2008, MITPT/ EDAM-SMS/0030/2008

Published
2012

49. Comparison of charging systems for electric vehicles and their impact on electrical grid

Author

Monteiro, Vítor Duarte Fernandes, Ferreira, João C., Pinto, J. G., Exposto, Bruno Fernandes, Pedrosa, Delfim Duarte Rolo, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Sinusoidal current, Electric vehicles, Hardware_GENERAL, Power quality, Batteries chargers, Unitary power factor, Bidirectional converters, EV charging system
Abstract

This paper presents a comparison of four types of on-board batteries charging systems for Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), and their impact on the power quality of the electrical power grid. In the comparison are analyzed the features, the characteristics and the operation of each charging system, aiming their controllability and their impact on the electrical grid, mainly considering the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the consumed current and the power factor. Besides the normal mode of operation to charge the batteries, denominated Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V), in this paper is also discussed the possibility of operation as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), in which the batteries of the Electric Vehicle return part of the stored energy back to the electrical grid. The operation of the batteries charging systems for EVs is shown through simulations and experimental results., FEDER Funds - Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors (COMPETE), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - PTDC/EEA-EEL/104569/2008, MITPT/EDAM-SMS/0030/2008

Published
2012

50. Experimental and simulation results of a current-source three-phase shunt active power filter using periodic-sampling

Author

Exposto, Bruno Fernandes, Pinto, J. G., Pedrosa, Delfim Duarte Rolo, Gonçalves, Henrique, Afonso, João L., and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Shunt active power filter, Power quality, Periodic sampling, p-q theory, Current-source inverter
Abstract

In this paper are presented experimental and simulation results of a Current-Source Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter, during its operation to compensate the currents a low power factor load and a nonlinear load. The Shunt Active Power Filter controller, described in detail along the paper, relies in the p-q Theory to generate the reference compensation currents and to regulate the DC-link inductor current. The regulation of the DC-link inductor current is done consuming sinusoidal currents in phase with the system voltages. The performance and the dynamic behavior of the Shunt Active Power Filter using Periodic Sampling Modulation Technique was assessed first through several computer simulations, and then through the analysis of experimental results obtained with a developed laboratory prototype. Thereby, in this paper are presented several obtained results that show the correct operation of a Current-Source Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter using the Periodic Sampling Modulation Technique., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

Published
2012

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